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<h3 class="section">8.7 Increment Operators</h3>
<p><em>Increment operators</em> increase or decrease the value of a variable
by 1. The operator to increment a variable is written as ‘<samp><span class="samp">++</span></samp>’. It
may be used to increment a variable either before or after taking its
value.
<p>For example, to pre-increment the variable <var>x</var>, you would write
<code>++</code><var>x</var>. This would add one to <var>x</var> and then return the new
value of <var>x</var> as the result of the expression. It is exactly the
same as the expression <var>x</var><code> = </code><var>x</var><code> + 1</code>.
<p>To post-increment a variable <var>x</var>, you would write <var>x</var><code>++</code>.
This adds one to the variable <var>x</var>, but returns the value that
<var>x</var> had prior to incrementing it. For example, if <var>x</var> is equal
to 2, the result of the expression <var>x</var><code>++</code> is 2, and the new
value of <var>x</var> is 3.
<p>For matrix and vector arguments, the increment and decrement operators
work on each element of the operand.
<p>Here is a list of all the increment and decrement expressions.
<dl>
<dt><code>++</code><var>x</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002b_002b-541"></a>This expression increments the variable <var>x</var>. The value of the
expression is the <em>new</em> value of <var>x</var>. It is equivalent to the
expression <var>x</var><code> = </code><var>x</var><code> + 1</code>.
<br><dt><code>--</code><var>x</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002d_002d_007d-542"></a>This expression decrements the variable <var>x</var>. The value of the
expression is the <em>new</em> value of <var>x</var>. It is equivalent to the
expression <var>x</var><code> = </code><var>x</var><code> - 1</code>.
<br><dt><var>x</var><code>++</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002b_002b-543"></a>This expression causes the variable <var>x</var> to be incremented. The
value of the expression is the <em>old</em> value of <var>x</var>.
<br><dt><var>x</var><code>--</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002d_002d_007d-544"></a>This expression causes the variable <var>x</var> to be decremented. The
value of the expression is the <em>old</em> value of <var>x</var>.
</dl>
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