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>System.Process</TITLE
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>process-1.0.1.1: Process libraries</TD
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>Contents</A
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><FONT SIZE="6"
>System.Process</FONT
></TD
><TD ALIGN="right"
><TABLE CLASS="narrow" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="infohead"
>Portability</TD
><TD CLASS="infoval"
>non-portable (requires concurrency)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="infohead"
>Stability</TD
><TD CLASS="infoval"
>experimental</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="infohead"
>Maintainer</TD
><TD CLASS="infoval"
>libraries@haskell.org</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="section4"
><B
>Contents</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><DL
><DT
><A HREF="#1"
>Running sub-processes
</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A HREF="#2"
>Specific variants of createProcess
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
><A HREF="#3"
>Process completion
</A
></DT
></DL
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="section1"
>Description</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
>Operations for creating and interacting with sub-processes.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="section1"
>Synopsis</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3AcreateProcess"
>createProcess</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3Ashell"
>shell</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3Aproc"
>proc</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A HREF="#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
>  = <A HREF="#v%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
> {<TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="recfield"
><A HREF="#v%3Acmdspec"
>cmdspec</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACmdSpec"
>CmdSpec</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="recfield"
><A HREF="#v%3Acwd"
>cwd</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="recfield"
><A HREF="#v%3Aenv"
>env</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> [(<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)]</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="recfield"
><A HREF="#v%3Astd_in"
>std_in</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AStdStream"
>StdStream</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="recfield"
><A HREF="#v%3Astd_out"
>std_out</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AStdStream"
>StdStream</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="recfield"
><A HREF="#v%3Astd_err"
>std_err</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AStdStream"
>StdStream</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="recfield"
><A HREF="#v%3Aclose_fds"
>close_fds</A
> :: <A HREF="../ghc-prim/GHC-Bool.html#t%3ABool"
>Bool</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>}</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A HREF="#t%3ACmdSpec"
>CmdSpec</A
>  </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
>= <A HREF="#v%3AShellCommand"
>ShellCommand</A
> <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
>| <A HREF="#v%3ARawCommand"
>RawCommand</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>]</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A HREF="#t%3AStdStream"
>StdStream</A
>  </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
>= <A HREF="#v%3AInherit"
>Inherit</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
>| <A HREF="#v%3AUseHandle"
>UseHandle</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
>| <A HREF="#v%3ACreatePipe"
>CreatePipe</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A HREF="#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3ArunCommand"
>runCommand</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3ArunProcess"
>runProcess</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> [(<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3ArunInteractiveCommand"
>runInteractiveCommand</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3ArunInteractiveProcess"
>runInteractiveProcess</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> [(<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3AreadProcess"
>readProcess</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3AreadProcessWithExitCode"
>readProcessWithExitCode</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3Asystem"
>system</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3ArawSystem"
>rawSystem</A
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3AwaitForProcess"
>waitForProcess</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3AgetProcessExitCode"
>getProcessExitCode</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s8"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A HREF="#v%3AterminateProcess"
>terminateProcess</A
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../ghc-prim/GHC-Unit.html#t%3A%28%29"
>()</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="section1"
><A NAME="1"
><A NAME="1"
>Running sub-processes
</A
></A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:createProcess"
><A NAME="v%3AcreateProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>createProcess</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
><P
>This is the most general way to spawn an external process.  The
process can be a command line to be executed by a shell or a raw command
with a list of arguments.  The stdin, stdout, and stderr streams of
the new process may individually be attached to new pipes, to existing
<TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TT
>s, or just inherited from the parent (the default.)
</P
><P
>The details of how to create the process are passed in the
<TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TT
> record.  To make it easier to construct a
<TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TT
>, the functions <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3Aproc"
>proc</A
></TT
> and <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3Ashell"
>shell</A
></TT
> are supplied that
fill in the fields with default values which can be overriden as
needed.
</P
><P
><TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AcreateProcess"
>createProcess</A
></TT
> returns <TT
>(mb_stdin_hdl, mb_stdout_hdl, mb_stderr_hdl, p)</TT
>,
where 
</P
><UL
><LI
> if <TT
>std_in == CreatePipe</TT
>, then <TT
>mb_stdin_hdl</TT
> will be <TT
>Just h</TT
>,
   where <TT
>h</TT
> is the write end of the pipe connected to the child
   process's <TT
>stdin</TT
>.
</LI
><LI
> otherwise, <TT
>mb_stdin_hdl == Nothing</TT
>
</LI
></UL
><P
>Similarly for <TT
>mb_stdout_hdl</TT
> and <TT
>mb_stderr_hdl</TT
>.
</P
><P
>For example, to execute a simple <TT
>ls</TT
> command:
</P
><PRE
>   r &lt;- createProcess (proc &quot;ls&quot; [])
</PRE
><P
>To create a pipe from which to read the output of <TT
>ls</TT
>:
</P
><PRE
>   (_, Just hout, _, _) &lt;-
       createProcess (proc &quot;ls&quot; []){ std_out = CreatePipe }
</PRE
><P
>To also set the directory in which to run <TT
>ls</TT
>:
</P
><PRE
>   (_, Just hout, _, _) &lt;-
       createProcess (proc &quot;ls&quot; []){ cwd = Just &quot;\home\bob&quot;,
                                     std_out = CreatePipe }
</PRE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:shell"
><A NAME="v%3Ashell"
></A
></A
><B
>shell</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
>Construct a <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TT
> record for passing to <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AcreateProcess"
>createProcess</A
></TT
>,
 representing a command to be passed to the shell.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:proc"
><A NAME="v%3Aproc"
></A
></A
><B
>proc</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
>Construct a <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACreateProcess"
>CreateProcess</A
></TT
> record for passing to <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AcreateProcess"
>createProcess</A
></TT
>,
 representing a raw command with arguments.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A NAME="t:CreateProcess"
><A NAME="t%3ACreateProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>CreateProcess</B
>  </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="section4"
>Constructors</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="5" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:CreateProcess"
><A NAME="v%3ACreateProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>CreateProcess</B
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body" COLSPAN="2"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="1" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:cmdspec"
><A NAME="v%3Acmdspec"
></A
></A
><B
>cmdspec</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3ACmdSpec"
>CmdSpec</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Executable &amp; arguments, or shell command
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:cwd"
><A NAME="v%3Acwd"
></A
></A
><B
>cwd</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Optional path to the working directory for the new process
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:env"
><A NAME="v%3Aenv"
></A
></A
><B
>env</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> [(<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Optional environment (otherwise inherit from the current process)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:std_in"
><A NAME="v%3Astd_in"
></A
></A
><B
>std_in</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AStdStream"
>StdStream</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>How to determine stdin
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:std_out"
><A NAME="v%3Astd_out"
></A
></A
><B
>std_out</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AStdStream"
>StdStream</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>How to determine stdout
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:std_err"
><A NAME="v%3Astd_err"
></A
></A
><B
>std_err</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AStdStream"
>StdStream</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>How to determine stderr
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:close_fds"
><A NAME="v%3Aclose_fds"
></A
></A
><B
>close_fds</B
> :: <A HREF="../ghc-prim/GHC-Bool.html#t%3ABool"
>Bool</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Close all file descriptors except stdin, stdout and stderr in the new process (on Windows, only works if std_in, std_out, and std_err are all Inherit)
</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A NAME="t:CmdSpec"
><A NAME="t%3ACmdSpec"
></A
></A
><B
>CmdSpec</B
>  </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="section4"
>Constructors</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="1" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:ShellCommand"
><A NAME="v%3AShellCommand"
></A
></A
><B
>ShellCommand</B
> <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>a command line to execute using the shell
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:RawCommand"
><A NAME="v%3ARawCommand"
></A
></A
><B
>RawCommand</B
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
> [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>the filename of an executable with a list of arguments
</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A NAME="t:StdStream"
><A NAME="t%3AStdStream"
></A
></A
><B
>StdStream</B
>  </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="section4"
>Constructors</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="1" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:Inherit"
><A NAME="v%3AInherit"
></A
></A
><B
>Inherit</B
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Inherit Handle from parent
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:UseHandle"
><A NAME="v%3AUseHandle"
></A
></A
><B
>UseHandle</B
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Use the supplied Handle
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
><A NAME="v:CreatePipe"
><A NAME="v%3ACreatePipe"
></A
></A
><B
>CreatePipe</B
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Create a new pipe
</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><SPAN CLASS="keyword"
>data</SPAN
>  <A NAME="t:ProcessHandle"
><A NAME="t%3AProcessHandle"
></A
></A
><B
>ProcessHandle</B
>  </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="section2"
><A NAME="2"
><A NAME="2"
>Specific variants of createProcess
</A
></A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:runCommand"
><A NAME="v%3ArunCommand"
></A
></A
><B
>runCommand</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
>Runs a command using the shell.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:runProcess"
><A NAME="v%3ArunProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>runProcess</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>:: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Filename of the executable
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Arguments to pass to the executable
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Optional path to the working directory
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> [(<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Optional environment (otherwise inherit)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Handle to use for <TT
>stdin</TT
> (Nothing =&gt; use existing <TT
>stdin</TT
>)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Handle to use for <TT
>stdout</TT
> (Nothing =&gt; use existing <TT
>stdout</TT
>)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Handle to use for <TT
>stderr</TT
> (Nothing =&gt; use existing <TT
>stderr</TT
>)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="ndoc" COLSPAN="2"
><P
>Runs a raw command, optionally specifying <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TT
>s from which to
     take the <TT
>stdin</TT
>, <TT
>stdout</TT
> and <TT
>stderr</TT
> channels for the new
     process (otherwise these handles are inherited from the current
     process).
</P
><P
>Any <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TT
>s passed to <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3ArunProcess"
>runProcess</A
></TT
> are placed immediately in the 
     closed state.
</P
><P
>Note: consider using the more general <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AcreateProcess"
>createProcess</A
></TT
> instead of
     <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3ArunProcess"
>runProcess</A
></TT
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:runInteractiveCommand"
><A NAME="v%3ArunInteractiveCommand"
></A
></A
><B
>runInteractiveCommand</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
>Runs a command using the shell, and returns <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TT
>s that may
     be used to communicate with the process via its <TT
>stdin</TT
>, <TT
>stdout</TT
>,
     and <TT
>stderr</TT
> respectively. The <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TT
>s are initially in binary
     mode; if you need them to be in text mode then use <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#v%3AhSetBinaryMode"
>hSetBinaryMode</A
></TT
>.
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:runInteractiveProcess"
><A NAME="v%3ArunInteractiveProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>runInteractiveProcess</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>:: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Filename of the executable
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Arguments to pass to the executable
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Optional path to the working directory
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> [(<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>Optional environment (otherwise inherit)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
>, <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
>)</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="ndoc" COLSPAN="2"
><P
>Runs a raw command, and returns <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TT
>s that may be used to communicate
     with the process via its <TT
>stdin</TT
>, <TT
>stdout</TT
> and <TT
>stderr</TT
> respectively.
</P
><P
>For example, to start a process and feed a string to its stdin:
</P
><PRE
>   (inp,out,err,pid) &lt;- runInteractiveProcess &quot;...&quot;
   forkIO (hPutStr inp str)
</PRE
><P
>The <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AHandle"
>Handle</A
></TT
>s are initially in binary mode; if you need them to be
    in text mode then use <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#v%3AhSetBinaryMode"
>hSetBinaryMode</A
></TT
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:readProcess"
><A NAME="v%3AreadProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>readProcess</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>:: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>command to run
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>any arguments
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>standard input
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>stdout + stderr
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="ndoc" COLSPAN="2"
><P
>readProcess forks an external process, reads its standard output
 strictly, blocking until the process terminates, and returns either the output
 string, or, in the case of non-zero exit status, an error code, and
 any output.
</P
><P
>Output is returned strictly, so this is not suitable for
 interactive applications.
</P
><P
>Users of this function should compile with <TT
>-threaded</TT
> if they
 want other Haskell threads to keep running while waiting on
 the result of readProcess.
</P
><PRE
>  &gt; readProcess &quot;date&quot; [] []
  Right &quot;Thu Feb  7 10:03:39 PST 2008\n&quot;
</PRE
><P
>The argumenst are:
</P
><UL
><LI
> The command to run, which must be in the $PATH, or an absolute path 
</LI
><LI
> A list of separate command line arguments to the program
</LI
><LI
> A string to pass on the standard input to the program.
</LI
></UL
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:readProcessWithExitCode"
><A NAME="v%3AreadProcessWithExitCode"
></A
></A
><B
>readProcessWithExitCode</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="body"
><TABLE CLASS="vanilla" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>:: <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AFilePath"
>FilePath</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>command to run
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>]</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>any arguments
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
></TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>standard input
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="arg"
>-&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>, <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>)</TD
><TD CLASS="rdoc"
>exitcode, stdout, stderr
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="ndoc" COLSPAN="2"
><P
>readProcessWithExitCode creates an external process, reads its
standard output and standard error strictly, waits until the process
terminates, and then returns the <TT
><A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
></TT
> of the process,
the standard output, and the standard error.
</P
><P
><TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AreadProcess"
>readProcess</A
></TT
> and <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AreadProcessWithExitCode"
>readProcessWithExitCode</A
></TT
> are fairly simple wrappers
around <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AcreateProcess"
>createProcess</A
></TT
>.  Constructing variants of these functions is
quite easy: follow the link to the source code to see how
<TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AreadProcess"
>readProcess</A
></TT
> is implemented.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:system"
><A NAME="v%3Asystem"
></A
></A
><B
>system</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
><P
>Computation <TT
>system cmd</TT
> returns the exit code produced when the
operating system runs the shell command <TT
>cmd</TT
>.
</P
><P
>This computation may fail with
</P
><UL
><LI
> <TT
>PermissionDenied</TT
>: The process has insufficient privileges to
     perform the operation.
</LI
><LI
> <TT
>ResourceExhausted</TT
>: Insufficient resources are available to
     perform the operation.
</LI
><LI
> <TT
>UnsupportedOperation</TT
>: The implementation does not support
     system calls.
</LI
></UL
><P
>On Windows, <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3Asystem"
>system</A
></TT
> passes the command to the Windows command
interpreter (<TT
>CMD.EXE</TT
> or <TT
>COMMAND.COM</TT
>), hence Unixy shell tricks
will not work.
</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:rawSystem"
><A NAME="v%3ArawSystem"
></A
></A
><B
>rawSystem</B
> :: <A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
> -&gt; [<A HREF="../base/Data-Char.html#t%3AString"
>String</A
>] -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
><P
>The computation <TT
><TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3ArawSystem"
>rawSystem</A
></TT
> cmd args</TT
> runs the operating system command
<TT
>cmd</TT
> in such a way that it receives as arguments the <TT
>args</TT
> strings
exactly as given, with no funny escaping or shell meta-syntax expansion.
It will therefore behave more portably between operating systems than <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3Asystem"
>system</A
></TT
>.
</P
><P
>The return codes and possible failures are the same as for <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3Asystem"
>system</A
></TT
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="section1"
><A NAME="3"
><A NAME="3"
>Process completion
</A
></A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:waitForProcess"
><A NAME="v%3AwaitForProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>waitForProcess</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
><P
>Waits for the specified process to terminate, and returns its exit code.
</P
><P
>GHC Note: in order to call <TT
>waitForProcess</TT
> without blocking all the
     other threads in the system, you must compile the program with
     <TT
>-threaded</TT
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:getProcessExitCode"
><A NAME="v%3AgetProcessExitCode"
></A
></A
><B
>getProcessExitCode</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> (<A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#t%3AMaybe"
>Maybe</A
> <A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#t%3AExitCode"
>ExitCode</A
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
>This is a non-blocking version of <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AwaitForProcess"
>waitForProcess</A
></TT
>.  If the process is
still running, <TT
><A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#v%3ANothing"
>Nothing</A
></TT
> is returned.  If the process has exited, then
<TT
><TT
><A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#v%3AJust"
>Just</A
></TT
> e</TT
> is returned where <TT
>e</TT
> is the exit code of the process.
Subsequent calls to <TT
>getProcessExitStatus</TT
> always return <TT
><TT
><A HREF="../base/Data-Maybe.html#v%3AJust"
>Just</A
></TT
>
<TT
><A HREF="../base/System-Exit.html#v%3AExitSuccess"
>ExitSuccess</A
></TT
></TT
>, regardless of what the original exit code was.
</TD
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><TR
><TD CLASS="s15"
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="decl"
><A NAME="v:terminateProcess"
><A NAME="v%3AterminateProcess"
></A
></A
><B
>terminateProcess</B
> :: <A HREF="System-Process.html#t%3AProcessHandle"
>ProcessHandle</A
> -&gt; <A HREF="../base/System-IO.html#t%3AIO"
>IO</A
> <A HREF="../ghc-prim/GHC-Unit.html#t%3A%28%29"
>()</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD CLASS="doc"
><P
>Attempts to terminate the specified process.  This function should
 not be used under normal circumstances - no guarantees are given regarding
 how cleanly the process is terminated.  To check whether the process
 has indeed terminated, use <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AgetProcessExitCode"
>getProcessExitCode</A
></TT
>.
</P
><P
>On Unix systems, <TT
><A HREF="System-Process.html#v%3AterminateProcess"
>terminateProcess</A
></TT
> sends the process the SIGTERM signal.
 On Windows systems, the Win32 <TT
>TerminateProcess</TT
> function is called, passing
 an exit code of 1.
</P
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