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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING"
>9.4. String Functions and Operators</A
></H1
><P
>    This section describes functions and operators for examining and
    manipulating string values.  Strings in this context include values
    of all the types <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>character</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>character
     varying</TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>.  Unless otherwise noted, all
    of the functions listed below work on all of these types, but be
    wary of potential effects of the automatic padding when using the
    <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>character</TT
> type.  Generally, the functions described
    here also work on data of non-string types by converting that data
    to a string representation first.  Some functions also exist
    natively for the bit-string types.
   </P
><P
>    <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> defines some string functions with a special syntax where
    certain key words rather than commas are used to separate the
    arguments.  Details are in <A
HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL"
>Table 9-5</A
>.
    These functions are also implemented using the regular syntax for
    function invocation.  (See <A
HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER"
>Table 9-6</A
>.)
   </P
><A
NAME="AEN7234"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7236"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7238"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7240"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7242"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7244"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7246"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7248"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7250"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7252"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 9-5. <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> String Functions and Operators</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
><TH
>Example</TH
><TH
>Result</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>||</TT
>
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
></TT
></TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
> </TD
><TD
>        String concatenation
        <A
NAME="AEN7275"
></A
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>'Post' || 'greSQL'</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PostgreSQL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bit_length</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of bits in string</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>bit_length('jose')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>32</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>char_length</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>character_length</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Number of characters in string
        <A
NAME="AEN7305"
></A
>
        <A
NAME="AEN7308"
></A
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>char_length('jose')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>4</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>convert</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>
       using <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>conversion_name</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Change encoding using specified conversion name.  Conversions
        can be defined by <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE CONVERSION</TT
>.  Also
        there are some pre-defined conversion names. See <A
HREF="functions-string.html#CONVERSION-NAMES"
>Table 9-7</A
> for available conversion
        names.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>convert('PostgreSQL' using iso_8859_1_to_utf8)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>'PostgreSQL'</TT
> in UTF8 (Unicode, 8-bit) encoding</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>lower</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Convert string to lower case</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>lower('TOM')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>tom</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>octet_length</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>Number of bytes in string</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>octet_length('jose')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>4</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>overlay</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> placing <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> from <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
> [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>for <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Replace substring
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>overlay('Txxxxas' placing 'hom' from 2 for 4)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>Thomas</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>position</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>substring</TT
> in <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>Location of specified substring</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>position('om' in 'Thomas')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>3</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>substring</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>from <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></SPAN
>] [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>for <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Extract substring
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>substring('Thomas' from 2 for 3)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>hom</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>substring</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> from <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>pattern</I
></TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Extract substring matching POSIX regular expression. See
        <A
HREF="functions-matching.html"
>Section 9.7</A
> for more information on pattern
        matching.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>substring('Thomas' from '...$')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mas</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>substring</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> from <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>pattern</I
></TT
> for <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>escape</I
></TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Extract substring matching <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> regular expression.
        See <A
HREF="functions-matching.html"
>Section 9.7</A
> for more information on
        pattern matching.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>substring('Thomas' from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>oma</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>trim</CODE
>([<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>leading | trailing | both</SPAN
>]
        [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
><TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
></SPAN
>] from
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Remove the longest string containing only the
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
> (a space by default) from the
        start/end/both ends of the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>trim(both 'x' from 'xTomxx')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>Tom</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>upper</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Convert string to uppercase</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>upper('tom')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>TOM</TT
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>    Additional string manipulation functions are available and are
    listed in <A
HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER"
>Table 9-6</A
>.  Some of them are used internally to implement the
    <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
>-standard string functions listed in <A
HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL"
>Table 9-5</A
>.
   </P
><A
NAME="AEN7463"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7465"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7467"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7469"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7471"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7473"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7475"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7477"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7479"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7481"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7483"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7485"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7487"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7489"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7491"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7493"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7495"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7497"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7499"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7501"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7503"
></A
><A
NAME="AEN7505"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 9-6. Other String Functions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
><TH
>Example</TH
><TH
>Result</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>ascii</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> code of the first byte of the argument</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ascii('x')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>120</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>btrim</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>
       [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Remove the longest string consisting only of characters
        in <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
> (a space by default)
        from the start and end of <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>btrim('xyxtrimyyx', 'xy')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>trim</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>chr</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Character with the given <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> code</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>chr(65)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>A</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>convert</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
        [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
><TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>src_encoding</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
>,</SPAN
>]
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>dest_encoding</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
>)</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Convert string to <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>dest_encoding</TT
>.
        The original encoding is specified by
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>src_encoding</TT
>.  If
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>src_encoding</TT
> is omitted, database
        encoding is assumed.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>convert( 'text_in_utf8', 'UTF8', 'LATIN1')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>text_in_utf8</TT
> represented in ISO 8859-1 encoding</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>decode</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>type</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>)</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bytea</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Decode binary data from <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> previously 
        encoded with <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>encode</CODE
>.  Parameter type is same as in <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>encode</CODE
>.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>decode('MTIzAAE=', 'base64')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>123\000\001</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>encode</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>data</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bytea</TT
>,
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>type</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>)</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Encode binary data to different representation.  Supported
        types are: <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>base64</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>hex</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>escape</TT
>.
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>Escape</TT
> merely outputs null bytes as <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>\000</TT
> and
        doubles backslashes.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>encode( E'123\\000\\001', 'base64')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MTIzAAE=</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>initcap</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Convert the first letter of each word to uppercase and the
        rest to lowercase. Words are sequences of alphanumeric
        characters separated by non-alphanumeric characters.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>initcap('hi THOMAS')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>Hi Thomas</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>length</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Number of characters in <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>length('jose')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>4</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>lpad</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>length</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>
        [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>fill</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Fill up the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> to length
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>length</TT
> by prepending the characters
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>fill</TT
> (a space by default).  If the
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> is already longer than
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>length</TT
> then it is truncated (on the
        right).
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>lpad('hi', 5, 'xy')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>xyxhi</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>ltrim</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>
        [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Remove the longest string containing only characters from
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
> (a space by default) from the start of
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>trim</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>md5</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Calculates the MD5 hash of <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>,
        returning the result in hexadecimal
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>md5('abc')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>900150983cd24fb0 d6963f7d28e17f72</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_client_encoding</CODE
>()</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Current client encoding name
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_client_encoding()</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SQL_ASCII</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>quote_ident</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as an identifier
        in an <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> statement string.
        Quotes are added only if necessary (i.e., if the string contains
        non-identifier characters or would be case-folded).
        Embedded quotes are properly doubled.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>quote_ident('Foo bar')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>"Foo bar"</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>quote_literal</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal
        in an <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> statement string.
        Embedded single-quotes and backslashes are properly doubled.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>quote_literal( 'O\'Reilly')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>'O''Reilly'</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regexp_replace</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>pattern</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>replacement</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
> [,<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>flags</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Replace substring matching POSIX regular expression. See
        <A
HREF="functions-matching.html"
>Section 9.7</A
> for more information on pattern
        matching.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>regexp_replace('Thomas', '.[mN]a.', 'M')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ThM</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>repeat</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>number</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Repeat <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> the specified
       <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>number</TT
> of times</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>repeat('Pg', 4)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PgPgPgPg</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>replace</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>from</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>to</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Replace all occurrences in <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> of substring
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>from</TT
> with substring <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>to</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>replace( 'abcdefabcdef', 'cd', 'XX')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>abXXefabXXef</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>rpad</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>length</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>
        [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>fill</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Fill up the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> to length
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>length</TT
> by appending the characters
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>fill</TT
> (a space by default).  If the
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> is already longer than
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>length</TT
> then it is truncated.
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>rpad('hi', 5, 'xy')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>hixyx</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>rtrim</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>
        [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Remove the longest string containing only characters from
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>characters</TT
> (a space by default) from the end of
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>rtrim('trimxxxx', 'x')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>trim</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>split_part</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>delimiter</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>field</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Split <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> on <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>delimiter</TT
>
        and return the given field (counting from one)
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>split_part('abc~@~def~@~ghi', '~@~', 2)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>def</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>strpos</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>substring</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Location of specified substring (same as
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>position(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>substring</TT
> in
         <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>)</TT
>, but note the reversed
        argument order)
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>strpos('high', 'ig')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>2</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>substr</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>from</TT
> [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>count</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Extract substring (same as
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>substring(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> from <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>from</TT
> for <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>count</TT
>)</TT
>)
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>substr('alphabet', 3, 2)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ph</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_ascii</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>
        [<SPAN
CLASS="OPTIONAL"
>, <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>encoding</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></SPAN
>])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>       Convert <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> to <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> from another encoding
       (only supports conversion from  <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN1</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN2</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN9</TT
>,
       and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1250</TT
> encodings)
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>to_ascii('Karel')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>Karel</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_hex</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>number</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>
       or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>Convert <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>number</TT
> to its equivalent hexadecimal
        representation
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>to_hex(2147483647)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>7fffffff</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>translate</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>from</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>,
        <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>to</TT
> <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>)</TT
>
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>        Any character in <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>string</TT
> that matches a
        character in the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>from</TT
> set is replaced by
        the corresponding character in the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>to</TT
>
        set
       </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>translate('12345', '14', 'ax')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>a23x5</TT
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="CONVERSION-NAMES"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 9-7. Built-in Conversions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Conversion Name
        <A
NAME="AEN7952"
HREF="#FTN.AEN7952"
><SPAN
CLASS="footnote"
>[a]</SPAN
></A
>
       </TH
><TH
>Source Encoding</TH
><TH
>Destination Encoding</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ascii_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SQL_ASCII</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ascii_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SQL_ASCII</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>big5_to_euc_tw</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>BIG5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_TW</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>big5_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>BIG5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>big5_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>BIG5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_cn_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_CN</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_cn_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_CN</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_jp_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_JP</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_jp_to_sjis</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_JP</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SJIS</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_jp_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_JP</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_kr_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_KR</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_kr_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_KR</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_tw_to_big5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_TW</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>BIG5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_tw_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_TW</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>euc_tw_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_TW</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>gb18030_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GB18030</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>gbk_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GBK</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_10_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN6</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_13_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN7</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_14_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_15_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN9</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_16_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN10</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_1_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN1</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_1_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN1</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_2_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN2</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_2_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN2</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_2_to_windows_1250</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN2</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1250</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_3_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN3</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_3_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN3</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_4_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN4</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_4_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN4</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_5_to_koi8_r</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_5_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_5_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_5_to_windows_1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_5_to_windows_866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_6_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_6</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_7_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_7</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_8_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso_8859_9_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>johab_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>JOHAB</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>koi8_r_to_iso_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>koi8_r_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>koi8_r_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>koi8_r_to_windows_1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>koi8_r_to_windows_866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_ascii</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SQL_ASCII</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_big5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>BIG5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_euc_cn</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_CN</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_euc_jp</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_JP</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_euc_kr</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_KR</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_euc_tw</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_TW</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_iso_8859_1</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN1</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_iso_8859_2</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN2</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_iso_8859_3</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN3</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_iso_8859_4</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN4</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_iso_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_koi8_r</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_sjis</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SJIS</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_windows_1250</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1250</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_windows_1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mic_to_windows_866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sjis_to_euc_jp</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SJIS</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_JP</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sjis_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SJIS</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sjis_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SJIS</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>tcvn_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1258</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>uhc_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UHC</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_ascii</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SQL_ASCII</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_big5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>BIG5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_euc_cn</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_CN</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_euc_jp</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_JP</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_euc_kr</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_KR</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_euc_tw</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EUC_TW</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_gb18030</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GB18030</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_gbk</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GBK</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_1</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN1</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_10</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN6</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_13</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN7</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_14</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_15</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN9</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_16</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN10</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_2</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN2</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_3</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN3</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_4</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN4</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_6</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_6</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_7</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_7</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_iso_8859_9</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_johab</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>JOHAB</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_koi8_r</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_sjis</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SJIS</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_tcvn</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1258</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_uhc</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UHC</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1250</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1250</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1252</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1252</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1253</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1253</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1254</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1254</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1255</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1255</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1256</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1256</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_1257</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1257</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>utf8_to_windows_874</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN874</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1250_to_iso_8859_2</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1250</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATIN2</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1250_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1250</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1250_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1250</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1251_to_iso_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1251_to_koi8_r</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1251_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1251_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1251_to_windows_866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1252_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1252</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_1256_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN1256</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_866_to_iso_8859_5</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ISO_8859_5</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_866_to_koi8_r</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KOI8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_866_to_mic</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MULE_INTERNAL</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_866_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_866_to_windows_1251</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN866</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>windows_874_to_utf8</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WIN874</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UTF8</TT
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
><TR
><TD
COLSPAN="3"
>Notes:<BR><A
NAME="FTN.AEN7952"
>a. </A
>          The conversion names follow a standard naming scheme: The
          official name of the source encoding with all
          non-alphanumeric characters replaced by underscores followed
          by <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>_to_</TT
> followed by the equally processed
          destination encoding name. Therefore the names might deviate
          from the customary encoding names.
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