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><H1
><A
NAME="SQL-CREATEDATABASE"
></A
>CREATE DATABASE</H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN46953"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
>CREATE DATABASE -- create a new database</DIV
><A
NAME="AEN46956"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN46958"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>CREATE DATABASE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>name</I
></TT
>
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbowner</I
></TT
> ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>template</I
></TT
> ]
[ ENCODING [=] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>encoding</I
></TT
> ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>tablespace</I
></TT
> ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>connlimit</I
></TT
> ] ]</PRE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN46966"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> creates a new
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> database.
</P
><P
> To create a database, you must be a superuser or have the special
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CREATEDB</TT
> privilege.
See <A
HREF="sql-createuser.html"
><I
>CREATE USER</I
></A
>.
</P
><P
> Normally, the creator becomes the owner of the new database.
Superusers can create databases owned by other users, by using the
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>OWNER</TT
> clause. They can even create databases owned by
users with no special privileges. Non-superusers with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CREATEDB</TT
>
privilege can only create databases owned by themselves.
</P
><P
> By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard
system database <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>. A different template can be
specified by writing <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>TEMPLATE
<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>name</I
></TT
></TT
>. In particular,
by writing <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>TEMPLATE template0</TT
>, you can create a virgin
database containing only the standard objects predefined by your
version of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>. This is useful
if you wish to avoid copying
any installation-local objects that may have been added to
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN46984"
></A
><H2
>Parameters</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>name</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The name of a database to create.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbowner</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The name of the database user who will own the new database,
or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEFAULT</TT
> to use the default (namely, the
user executing the command).
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>template</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The name of the template from which to create the new database,
or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEFAULT</TT
> to use the default template
(<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>).
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>encoding</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Character set encoding to use in the new database. Specify
a string constant (e.g., <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>'SQL_ASCII'</TT
>),
or an integer encoding number, or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEFAULT</TT
>
to use the default encoding (namely, the encoding of the
template database). The character sets supported by the
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> server are described in
<A
HREF="multibyte.html#MULTIBYTE-CHARSET-SUPPORTED"
>Section 21.2.1</A
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>tablespace</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The name of the tablespace that will be associated with the
new database, or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEFAULT</TT
> to use the
template database's tablespace. This
tablespace will be the default tablespace used for objects
created in this database. See
<A
HREF="sql-createtablespace.html"
><I
>CREATE TABLESPACE</I
></A
>
for more information.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>connlimit</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> How many concurrent connections can be made
to this database. -1 (the default) means no limit.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
> Optional parameters can be written in any order, not only the order
illustrated above.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN47027"
></A
><H2
>Notes</H2
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> cannot be executed inside a transaction
block.
</P
><P
> Errors along the line of <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"could not initialize database directory"</SPAN
>
are most likely related to insufficient permissions on the data
directory, a full disk, or other file system problems.
</P
><P
> Use <A
HREF="sql-dropdatabase.html"
><I
>DROP DATABASE</I
></A
> to remove a database.
</P
><P
> The program <A
HREF="app-createdb.html"
><I
><I
>createdb</I
></I
></A
> is a
wrapper program around this command, provided for convenience.
</P
><P
> Although it is possible to copy a database other than <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>
by specifying its name as the template, this is not (yet) intended as
a general-purpose <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY DATABASE</TT
>"</SPAN
> facility.
The principal limitation is that no other sessions can be connected to
the template database while it is being copied. <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE
DATABASE</TT
> will fail if any other connection exists when it starts;
otherwise, new connections to the template database are locked out
until <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> completes.
See <A
HREF="manage-ag-templatedbs.html"
>Section 19.3</A
> for more information.
</P
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CONNECTION LIMIT</TT
> option is only enforced approximately;
if two new sessions start at about the same time when just one
connection <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"slot"</SPAN
> remains for the database, it is possible that
both will fail. Also, the limit is not enforced against superusers.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN47047"
></A
><H2
>Examples</H2
><P
> To create a new database:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CREATE DATABASE lusiadas;</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> To create a database <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sales</TT
> owned by user <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>salesapp</TT
>
with a default tablespace of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>salesspace</TT
>:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CREATE DATABASE sales OWNER salesapp TABLESPACE salesspace;</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> To create a database <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>music</TT
> which supports the ISO-8859-1
character set:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CREATE DATABASE music ENCODING 'LATIN1';</PRE
><P>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN47059"
></A
><H2
>Compatibility</H2
><P
> There is no <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> statement in the SQL
standard. Databases are equivalent to catalogs, whose creation is
implementation-defined.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN47063"
></A
><H2
>See Also</H2
><A
HREF="sql-alterdatabase.html"
><I
>ALTER DATABASE</I
></A
>, <A
HREF="sql-dropdatabase.html"
><I
>DROP DATABASE</I
></A
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