Sophie: howto-sgml-ko-2006-5mdv2010.0 noarch

howto-sgml-ko-2006-5mdv2010.0.noarch.rpm

<!DOCTYPE Article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">

<Article lang="ko">

<ArtHeader>

<Title>CPU Design HOW-TO</Title>

<author lang="en">
	<firstname>Al</firstname>
	<surname>Dev</surname>
	<othername>(Alavoor Vasudevan)</othername>
	<affiliation>
		<address><email>alavoor (at) yahoo.com</email></address>
	</affiliation>
</author>
<pubdate>v10.0, 9/Feb/2001</pubdate>
<othercredit role="translator">
	<surname>¹Ú</surname>
	<firstname>Á¾¼ö</firstname>
	<affiliation>
		<address><email>clhitter (at) bawi.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
</othercredit>
<othercredit role="translator">
	<surname>¼Û</surname>
	<firstname>¹Î±â</firstname>
	<affiliation>
		<address><email>tempest (at) bawi.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
</othercredit>

<revhistory>
	<revision>
		<revnumber>¹ø¿ª 1.1</revnumber>
		<date>2001³â 3¿ù 20ÀÏ</date>
		<authorinitials>¹Ú Á¾¼ö, ¼Û ¹Î±â</authorinitials>
	</revision>
	<revision>
		<revnumber>v10.0</revnumber>
		<date>2001³â 2¿ù 9ÀÏ</date>
		<authorinitials>Al Dev</authorinitials>
	</revision>
</revhistory>

<Abstract>

<Para>
CPU´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ "µÎ³ú"ÀÌ°í, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÇÙ½É ºÎÇ°ÀÌ¸ç, Linux³ª Windows µîÀÇ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦µé°ú´Â "»çÃÌ ÇüÁ¦"¿Í °°Àº Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù.
CPU¸¦ ¼³°èÇÏ°í Á¦Á¶ÇÒ ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÁÁÀº Âü°íÀÚ·á°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °øÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇÏ´Â ´ëÇÐ»ýµé¿¡°Ôµµ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. CPU°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³°èµÇ°í Á¦Á¶µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÇÐ»ýµéÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Âµ¥ ¸¹Àº µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â URL ¸µÅ©µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ ºü¸¥ ½ÃÀÏ³»¿¡ Linux, Unix, Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac, BeOS µîÀÇ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦µéÀÌ ±¸µ¿µÇ´Â GNU/GPLed CPU°¡ ³ª¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù!!
</Para>

</Abstract>

</ArtHeader>

<Sect1 id="intro">
<Title>¼Ò°³ </Title>

<Para>
ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡´Â CPU ¼³°è¿Í Á¦Á¶¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹æ´ëÇÑ URL ¸®½ºÆ®µéÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Linux³ª Unix ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¸¦ ±¸µ¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î CPU¸¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ÁÁÀº Âü°íÀÚ·á°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
¿¹Àü¿¡´Â, Ä¨ Á¦Á¶È¸»çµéÀÌ IP °³¹ßÀÚÀÌÀÌ¸é¼ EDA tool °³¹ßÀÚ ¿ªÇÒ±îÁö ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ µé¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¹®ÈµÈ È¸»çµé
(TSMC <ULink
URL="http://www.tsmc.com"
>http://www.tsmc.com</ULink
>),
IP Àü¹® È¸»çµé (ARM <ULink
URL="http://www.arm.com"
>http://www.arm.com</Ulink
>,
MIPS <ULink
URL="http://www.mips.com"
>http://www.mips.com</ULink
>,
Gray Research LLC <ULink
URL="http://cnets.sourceforge.net/grllc.html"
>http://cnets.sourceforge.net/grllc.html</ULink
>
), tool Àü¹® °³¹ß»çµé (
Mentor <ULink
URL="http://www.mentor.com"
>http://www.mentor.com</ULink
>,
Cadence <ULink
URL="http://www.cadence.com"
>http://www.cadence.com</ULink
>, etc.),
±×¸®°í ÀÌµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â È¸»ç(Intel)¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº IP¸¦ ÇÏµå¿þ¾î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÇüÅÂ·Î »ì ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í (Intel), Åø°ú °°ÀÌ »ì ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í (EDA companies), IP ¸¸À» °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù (IP providers).
</Para>

<Para>
FPGA
<footnote>
	<para>Field Programmable Gate Array, Xilinx¿¡¼ ¸¸µå´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ °¡´ÉÇÑ ³í¸®È¸·Î</para>
</footnote>
 Á¦Á¶ È¸»çµé È¨ÆäÀÌÁö (Xilinx <ULink
URL="http://www.xilinx.com"
>http://www.xilinx.com</ULink
>, 
Altera
<footnote>
	<para>MAX, FLEX seriesµîÀÇ PLD(Programmable Logic Device)¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â È¸»ç</para>
</footnote>
<ULink
URL="http://www.altera.com"
>http://www.altera.com</ULink
>). ÀÌ »çÀÌÆ®µéÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇØº¸´Â °ÍÀº µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ »ç¾÷ ¸ðµ¨À» Æ÷ÂøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âÈ¸°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
VA Linux systems <ULink
URL="http://www.valinux.com"
>http://www.valinux.com</ULink
> Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÀüÃ¼¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °¡±î¿î ½ÃÀÏ³»¿¡ Linux ¿ëÀÇ CPU¸¦ ¼³°èÇÏ°í Á¦Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÎ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ CPU ¼³°è »çÀÌÆ®µéÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇØ º¸¶ó:

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 FPGA CPU ¸µÅ©µé <ULink
URL="http://www.fpgacpu.org/links.html"
>http://www.fpgacpu.org/links.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 FPGA ¸ÞÀÎ »çÀÌÆ® <ULink
URL="http://www.fpgacpu.org"
>http://www.fpgacpu.org</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 OpenRISC 1000 (½ÃÀåÀ» µ¶Á¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ARM°ú MIPS¿Í °æÀïÁßÀÎ °øÂ¥ ¿ÀÇÂ ¼Ò½º 32-bit RISC
<footnote>
	<para>Reduced Instruction Set Computing. Instruction ¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°í registerÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ´Ã¸° CPU design ¹æ½Ä</para>
</footnote>
 processor) IP core <ULink
URL="http://www.opencores.org"
>http://www.opencores.org</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ¿ÀÇÂ IP ´ÜÃ¼ <ULink
URL="http://www.openip.org"
>http://www.openip.org</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Free IP ´ÜÃ¼ - ´ëÁßÀ» À§ÇÑ ASIC°ú FPGA coreµé <ULink
URL="http://www.free-ip.com"
>http://www.free-ip.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="ip">
<Title>IP¶õ ¹«¾ùÀÎ°¡?</Title>

<Para>
IP¶õ ¹«¾ùÀÎ°¡? IP´Â <Emphasis remap="bf">Intellectual Property</Emphasis>ÀÇ ¾àÀÚÀÌ´Ù. Á»´õ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏ¸é, ASIC
<footnote>
	<para>Application Specific Integrated Circuit Circuits. ÁÖ¹®Á¦ÀÛÇü ¹ÝµµÃ¼</para>
</footnote>
ÀÌ³ª FPGA¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³í¸® È¸·Î ºí·°À» ÀÇ¹ÌÇÑ´Ù. "IP Cores"ÀÇ ¿¹·Î´Â, UART, CPU, Ethernet ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯, PCI ÀÎÅÍÆäÀÌ½º µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹Àü¿¡´Â, ÀÌµé Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ÁúÁÁÀº coreµéÀº °¡°ÝÀÌ ¹ÌÈ 5000 ´Þ·¯¿¡¼ 350000 ´Þ·¯¿¡ ´ÞÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾Æ¹«¸® ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô °èÈ¹µÈ ¿ëµµÀÏÁö¶óµµ ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ »ç¾÷Ã¼³ª °³ÀÎµé¿¡°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª Å« ºÎ´ãÀÌ¾ú´Ù -- ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, Free-IP ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÇ¾ú´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
ÃÊÃ¢±â Free-IP ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â CPU³ª Ethernet ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯¿Í °°Àº º¹ÀáÇÑ ¿ëµµÀÇ core µé¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾ú´Ù. Á»´õ °£´ÜÇÑ coreµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³¹ßÀº µÚµû¶ó ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
Free-IP ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â ´©±¸³ª°¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼öÁØ ³ôÀº IP¸¦ ¸¸µé°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
IP coreµé¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ »çÀÌÆ®µéÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇØ º¸¶ó -

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ¿ÀÇÂ IP ´ÜÃ¼ <ULink
URL="http://www.openip.org"
>http://www.openip.org</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Free IP ´ÜÃ¼ - ´ëÁßÀ» À§ÇÑ ASIC°ú FPGA coreµé <ULink
URL="http://www.free-ip.com"
>http://www.free-ip.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 FPGA ¸ÞÀÎ »çÀÌÆ® <ULink
URL="http://www.fpgacpu.org"
>http://www.fpgacpu.org</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

<Sect2 id="freecpu">
<Title>Free CPU List </Title>

<Para>
»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ°Å³ª ÇöÀç °³¹ßÁßÀÎ Free CPU ListÀÌ´Ù -

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
 F-CPU 64-bit Freedom CPU <ULink
URL="http://www.f-cpu.org"
>http://www.f-cpu.org</ULink
>
, ¹Ì·¯ »çÀÌÆ® <ULink
URL="http://www.f-cpu.de"
>http://www.f-cpu.de</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 European Space Agency - SPARC architecture 
LEON CPU <ULink
URL="http://www.estec.esa.nl/wsmwww/leon"
>http://www.estec.esa.nl/wsmwww/leon</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 European Space Agency - ERC32 SPARC 
V7 CPU <ULink
URL="http://www.estec.esa.nl/wsmwww/erc32"
>http://www.estec.esa.nl/wsmwww/erc32</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
 Atmel ERC32 SPARC part # 
TSC695E <ULink
URL="http://www.atmel-wm.com/products"
>http://www.atme1-wm.com/products</ULink
> click 
on Aerospace=&#62;Space=&#62;Processors
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
 Sayuri <ULink
URL="http://www.morphyplanning.co.jp/Products/FreeCPU/freecpu-e.html"
>http://www.morphyplanning.co.jp/Products/FreeCPU/freecpu-e.html</ULink
>
, manufactured by Morphy Planning Ltd <ULink
URL="http://www.morphyone.org"
>http://www.morphyone.org</ULink
>
, Æ¯Â¡ <ULink
URL="http://ds.dial.pipex.com/town/plaza/aj93/waggy/hp/features/morphyone.htm"
>http://ds.dial.pipex.com/town/plaza/aj93/waggy/hp/features/morphyone.htm</ULink
> 
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 OpenRISC 1000 (½ÃÀåÀ» µ¶Á¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ARM°ú MIPS¿Í °æÀïÁßÀÎ °øÂ¥ ¿ÀÇÂ ¼Ò½º 32-bit RISC processor) IP core <ULink
URL="http://www.opencores.org/cores/or1k"
>http://www.opencores.org/cores/or1k</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
 OpenRISC 2000 <ULink
URL="http://www.opencores.org"
>http://www.opencores.org</ULink
>news:comp.lang.vhdl
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Green Mountain - GM HC11 CPU Core <ULink
URL="http://www.gmvhdl.com/hc11core.html"
>http://www.gmvhdl.com/hc11core.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="comcpu">
<Title>»ó¾÷¿ë CPU ¸®½ºÆ® </Title>

<Para>

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ARC CPUs : <ULink
URL="http://www.arccores.com"
>http://www.arccores.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 QED RISC 64-bit and MIPS cpus : <ULink
URL="http://www.qedinc.com/about.htm"
>http://www.qedinc.com/about.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Origin 2000 CPU - <ULink
URL="http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/manuals/3000/007-3511-001/html/O2000Tuning.1.html"
>http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/manuals/3000/007-3511-001/html/O2000Tuning.1.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Hitachi SH4,3,2,1 CPUs <ULink
URL="http://semiconductor.hitachi.com/superh"
>http://semiconductor.hitachi.com/superh</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 NVAX CPUs <ULink
URL="http://www.research.compaq.com/wrl/DECarchives/DTJ/DTJ700"
>http://www.research.compaq.com/wr1/DECarchives/DTJ/DTJ700</ULink
> and at <ULink
URL="http://www.digital.com/info/DTJ700"
>mirror-site</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Univ. of Mich High-perf. GaAs Microprocessor ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® <ULink
URL="http://www.eecs.umich.edu/UMichMP"
>http://www.eecs.umich.edu/UMichMP</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Hyperstone E1-32 RISC/DSP
<footnote>
	<para>Digital Signal Processor : µðÁöÅ» ½ÅÈ£ Ã³¸®¿ëÀ¸·Î Æ¯ÈµÈ CPU. TIÀÇ TMS320 series°¡ ´ëÇ¥Á¦Ç°</para>
</footnote>
 processor <ULink
URL="http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/tech/hyperstone"
>http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/tech/hyperstone</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 PSC1000 32-bit RISC processor <ULink
URL="http://www.ptsc.com/psc1000/index.html"
>http://www.ptsc.com/psc1000/index.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 IDT R/RV4640 and R/RV4650 64-bit CPU w/DSP Capability <ULink
URL="http://www.idt.com/products/pages/Processors-PL100_Sub205_Dev128.html"
>http://www.idt.com/products/pages/Processors-PL100_Sub205_Dev128.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 CPU Info center - SPARC°ú ARM°ú °°Àº CPU ¸®½ºÆ® <ULink
URL="http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/tech"
>http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/tech</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="museum">
<Title>CPU ¹Ú¹°°ü°ú ½Ç¸®ÄÜ µ¿¹°¿ø</Title>

<Para>
CPU ¹Ú¹°°ü 

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Intel CPU ¹Ú¹°°ü <ULink
URL="http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/museum"
>http://www.intecl.com/intel/intelis/museum</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Intel - ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ÀÇ ¿ª»ç <ULink
URL="http://www.intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv"
>http://www.intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ¿¡ °üÇÑ °¡»ó ¹Ú¹°°ü <ULink
URL="http://vlmp.museophile.com/computing.html"
>http://vlmp.museophile.com/computing.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ½Ç¸®ÄÜ µ¿¹°¿ø <ULink
URL="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/index.html"
>http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/index.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Intel - ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â°¡? <ULink
URL="http://www.intel.com/education/mpuworks"
>http://www.intel.com/education/mpuworks</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¿¡ °üÇÑ °£´ÜÇÑ ±³À°°úÁ¤ <ULink
URL="http://www.hkrmicro.com/course/micro.html"
>http://www.hkrmicro.com/course/micro.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

<Sect2 id="trans">
<Title>¾î¶»°Ô Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â°¡? </Title>

<Para>
¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼(Microprocessor)´Â ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ ¸ÅÀÏ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â TV, ÀÚµ¿Â÷, ¶óµð¿À, °¢Á¾ °¡ÀüÁ¦Ç°µé (ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾ø´Ù)°ú °°Àº ¸¹Àº Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ÇÙ½É ºÎÇ°ÀÌ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ(Transistor)´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ÀÇ Áß½É ºÎÇ°ÀÌ´Ù.
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ´Â ¾ÆÁÖ °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÏÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ °³¹ß¿¡´Â ¼ö½Ê³âÀÇ °íÅë½º·± ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ°¡ °³¹ßµÇ±â Àü¿¡´Â, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼ÀÇ Á¤º¸Ã³¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ Áø°ø°ü°ú ±â°èÀûÀÎ ½ºÀ§Ä¡µéÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1958³â, ¸î¸î °øÇÐÀÚµé (±×µé Áß ÇÑ¸íÀº IntelÀÇ ¼³¸³ÀÚ Robert Noyce¿´´Ù)Àº µÎ°³ÀÇ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ¸¦ ÇÏ³ªÀÇ ½Ç¸®ÄÜ °áÁ¤(silicon crystal)¿¡ ³Ö´Âµ¥ ¼º°øÇÏ¿´°í, ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼·ÎÀÇ ±æÀ» ¿¾îÁØ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÁýÀû È¸·Î(integrated circuit)¸¦ Ã¢Á¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÛÀº ÀüÀÚ ½ºÀ§Ä¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌµéÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ µÎ³ú ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀ§°¡ µÈ´Ù.
ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ ½ºÀ§Ä¡µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ´Â On/OffÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö µ¿ÀÛ »óÅÂ¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ On/Off, binary µ¿ÀÛ Æ¯¼ºÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ Á¤º¸ Ã³¸®¸¦ °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÑ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">¾î¶»°Ô Á¶±×¸¸ ÀüÀÚ ½ºÀ§Ä¡µéÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â°¡?: </Emphasis>
</Para>

<Para>
ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â On/Off·Î ½ºÀ§Ä¡ µÇ´Â Àü±â ½ÅÈ£»ÓÀÌ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§ÇØ¼´Â, ÀüÀÚ È¸·Îµé(electronic circuit)ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ½ºÀ§ÄªÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
½ºÀ§Äª ÀüÀÚÈ¸·Î´Â µÎ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏ³ª´Â Àü·ù°¡ Èå¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È¸·Î»óÀÇ ±æ (ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î Àü¼±ÀÌ µÈ´Ù)ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÏ³ª´Â È¸·Î»óÀÇ ±æÀ» °³¹æÇÏ°Å³ª Æó¼âÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Àü·ùÀÇ Èå¸§À» ½ÃÀÛ½ÃÅ°°Å³ª Áß´Ü½ÃÅ³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ºÀ§Ä¡ deviceÀÌ´Ù.
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ´Â ±â°èÀûÀÎ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ ¾øÀÌ Àü±â ½ÅÈ£¿¡ µû¶ó ÄÑÁö°í ²¨Áø´Ù. ÀÌ·± Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀº ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ Å« ÀÌÁ¡À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="transinfo">
<Title>¾î¶»°Ô Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ°¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ã³¸®ÇÏ´Â°¡?</Title>

<Para>
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ¿Í °°ÀÌ µÎ°³ÀÇ »óÅÂ¸¸À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍµéÀ» binary¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ ÄÑÁø »óÅÂ¸¦ 1ÀÌ¶ó Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ²¨Áø »óÅÂ¸¦ 0ÀÌ¶ó Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÈ 1°ú 0ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ÆÐÅÏÀ¸·Î ¹®ÀÚ, ¼ýÀÚ, »ö°ú ±×·¡ÇÈ Á¤º¸µéÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ binary Ç¥Çö¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="bininfo">
<Title>binary Á¤º¸ Ç¥Çö</Title>

<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">ÀÌ¸§À» binary·Î Ç¥±âÇØ º¸¶ó: </Emphasis>
</Para>

<Para>
°¢ ¾ËÆÄºªÀÇ ¹®ÀÚµéÀ» binary·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡´Â JOHNÀÌ¶ó´Â ÀÌ¸§°ú ±×¿¡ ´ëÀÀµÇ´Â binary Ç¥ÇöÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù.

<ProgramListing>
	J  0100 1010
	O  0100 1111
	H  0100 1000
	N  0100 1110
</ProgramListing>

±×·¡ÇÈ, ¿Àµð¿À, ºñµð¿À¿Í °°Àº ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ Á¤º¸µéµµ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ binary È¤Àº On/Off·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¾ËÆÄºª°ú ±×¿¡ ´ëÀÀµÇ´Â binary Ç¥Çö µµÇ¥¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ¶ó.
</Para>

<Para>

<Table>
<Title><Emphasis remap="bf">¾ËÆÄºª°ú ±×¿¡ ´ëÀÀµÇ´Â binary Ç¥Çö µµÇ¥</Emphasis></Title>

<TGroup Cols="3">
<ColSpec Align="Right" Colsep="0">
<ColSpec Align="Left" Colsep="0">
<ColSpec Align="Left" Colsep="0">
<TBody>
<Row RowSep="1">
<Entry>Character </Entry>
<Entry>Binary </Entry>
<Entry>Character </Entry>
<Entry>Binary </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
A </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 0001 </Entry>
<Entry> N </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1110 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
B </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 0010 </Entry>
<Entry> O </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1111 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
C </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 0011 </Entry>
<Entry> P </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0000 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
D </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 0100 </Entry>
<Entry> Q </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0001 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
E </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 0101 </Entry>
<Entry> R </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0010 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
F </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 0110 </Entry>
<Entry> S </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0011 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
G </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 0111 </Entry>
<Entry> T </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0100 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
H </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1000 </Entry>
<Entry> U </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0101 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
I </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1001 </Entry>
<Entry> V </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0110 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
J </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1010 </Entry>
<Entry> W </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 0111 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
K </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1011 </Entry>
<Entry> X </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 1000 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
L </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1100 </Entry>
<Entry> Y </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 1001 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
M </Entry>
<Entry> 0100 1101 </Entry>
<Entry> Z </Entry>
<Entry> 0101 1010 </Entry>
</Row>
<Row>
<Entry>
</Entry>
</Row>
</TBody>

</TGroup>

</Table>

</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="semicon">
<Title>¹ÝµµÃ¼(Semi-conductor)¶õ ¹«¾ùÀÎ°¡? </Title>

<Para>
µµÃ¼(Conductor)¿Í ºÎµµÃ¼(insulator) :
</Para>

<Para>
±Ý¼Ó°ú °°Àº ¸¹Àº ¹°ÁúµéÀº Àü·ù(electrical current)¸¦ Èê¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌµéÀÌ µµÃ¼(Conductor)ÀÌ´Ù. Àü·ù¸¦ Èê¸®Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â ¹°ÁúµéÀº ºÎµµÃ¼(insulator)¶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ ¹ÝµµÃ¼(Semi-conductor)ÀÇ ±âº» Àç·á°¡ µÇ´Â ¼ø¼öÇÑ ½Ç¸®ÄÜ(pure silicon)Àº ºÒ¼ø¹°(impurity)ÀÇ ÁÖÀÔÁ¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀüµµÀ²(conductivity)ÀÌ º¯Á¶(modulation)µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ÝµµÃ¼¶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù.
</Para>

<Sect3 id="anatomy">
<Title>Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ ÇØºÎÇÐ</Title>

<Para>
¹ÝµµÃ¼¿Í Àü·ù
</Para>

<Para>
½Ç¸®ÄÜ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ºÒ¼ø¹°(impurity)À» ÁÖÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °áÁ¤ ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¯°æ½ÃÅ³ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÀüµµÀ²À» °È½ÃÅ³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºØ¼Ò(boron)°è¿ÀÇ ºÒ¼ø¹°ÀÌ ÁÖÀÔµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼¸¦ pÇü ¹ÝµµÃ¼¶ó ÇÑ´Ù (p´Â ¾çÀüÇÏ³ª Á¤°ø(hole)À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù). ÀÎ(phosphorus)°è¿ÀÇ ºÒ¼ø¹°ÀÌ ÁÖÀÔµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼¸¦ nÇü ¹ÝµµÃ¼¶ó ÇÑ´Ù (nÀº À½ÀüÇÏ³ª ´Ù¼ö ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ(major free electron)¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù).
</Para>

</Sect3>

<Sect3 id="worktrans">
<Title>Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ ÀÛµ¿</Title>

<Para>
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ ÀÛµ¿ - Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ On/Off »óÅÂ
</Para>

<Para>
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ´Â source, gate, drainÀÇ ¼¼ ´ÜÀÚ·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
nÇü Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ´Â ¾çÀ¸·Î ´ëÀüµÈ pÇü ½Ç¸®ÄÜ ¿ì¹°À§¿¡ À½À¸·Î ´ëÀüµÈ source¿Í drainÀÌ ¶°ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
<footnote>
	<para>ÀÌ´Â FET(Field Effect Transistor) Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡´Â Å©°Ô BJT(Bipolar Junction Transistor)¿Í FET°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇöÀçÀÇ ÁýÀûÈ¸·Î¿¡´Â FET Áß¿¡¼µµ MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FET)°¡ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.</para>
</footnote>
</Para>

<Para>
gate¿¡ ¾çÀü¾ÐÀÌ °¡ÇØÁö¸é, pÇü ½Ç¸®ÄÜÀÇ ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ gate ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î ÀÌ²ø·Á¼ source¿Í drain »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀüÀÚ Ã¤³ÎÀÌ Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
drain¿¡ ¾çÀü¾ÐÀÌ °¡ÇØÁö¸é, ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ source¿¡¼ ºÎÅÍ drainÀ¸·Î ÈÛ¾µ·Á°¡°Ô µÇ¾î Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ°¡ ÄÑÁø´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
gateÀÇ Àü¾ÐÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÇ¸é, source¿Í drain »çÀÌÀÇ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÀüÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ²ø¸®Áö ¾Ê°Ô µÇ¾î ±æÀÌ ²÷¾îÁö°í, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ°¡ ²¨Áø´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect3>

<Sect3 id="impact">
<Title>Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ È¿°ú</Title>

<Para>
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ È¿°ú - ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô º¯¸ð½ÃÅ°´Â°¡?
</Para>

<Para>
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ binary Æ¯¼ºÀº ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¿¡°Ô ¿öµå ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ÌÀÌ³ª ºñµð¿À ÆíÁýµîÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼´Â ÇÏ³ªÀÇ Ä¨¿¡¼ 1ÃÊ¿¡ ¼ö½Ê¾ï°³ÀÇ ÀÎ½ºÆ®·°¼ÇÀ» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀÚµ¿Â÷, ÀÇ·á Àåºñ, ÅÚ·¹ºñÁ¯, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ¿ìÁÖ ¿Õº¹¼±±îÁö ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº binary Á¤º¸¸¦ Ã³¸®ÇÏ´Â Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ ´öºÐÀÌ´Ù. 
</Para>

</Sect3>

</Sect2>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="cpudesignarc">
<Title>CPU ¼³°è¿Í ±¸Á¶</Title>

<Sect2 id="cpudesign">
<Title>CPU ¼³°è</Title>

<Para>
¾Æ·¡ »çÀÌÆ®µé¿¡´Â CPU ¼³°è¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Hamburg University VHDL
<footnote>
	<para>Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language</para>
</footnote>
 archive <ULink
URL="http://tech-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/vhdl"
>http://tech-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/vhdl</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Kachina Design tools <ULink
URL="http://SAL.KachinaTech.COM/Z/1/index.shtml"
>http://SAL.KachinaTech.COM/Z/1/index.shtml</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 FPGA-based ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¸®½ºÆ® <ULink
URL="http://www.io.com/~guccione/HW_list.html"
>http://www.io.com/~guccione/HW_list.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 SPARC International <ULink
URL="http://www.sparc.com"
>http://www.sparc.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÀÚ½Å¸¸ÀÇ CPU ¼³°ÔÇÏ±â <ULink
URL="http://www.spacetimepro.com"
>http://www.spacetimepro.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 FPGA¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¼³°è ±³À° <ULink
URL="http://www.fpgacpu.org"
>http://www.fpgacpu.org</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð¿¡ °üÇÑ ±â¼ú À§¿øÈ¸ <ULink
URL="http://www.computer.org/tab/tcca"
>http://www.computer.org/tab/tcca</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 VHDL¿¡ °üÇÑ FAQ <ULink
URL="http://www.vhdl.org/vi/comp.lang.vhdl"
>http://www.vhdl.org/vi/comp.lang.vhdl</ULink
>
¶Ç´Â ¿©±â¼ <ULink
URL="http://www.vhdl.org/comp.lang.vhdl"
>http://www.vhdl.org/comp.lang.vhdl</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð FAQ <ULink
URL="http://www.esacademy.com/automation/faq.htm"
>http://www.esacademy.com/automation/faq.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð FAQ <ULink
URL="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/comp/arch"
>ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/comp/arch</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
 VME Bus FAQ <ULink
URL="http://www.hitex.com/automation/FAQ/vmefaq"
>http://www.hitex.com/automation/FAQ/vmefaq</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 SPEC È¨ÆäÀÌÁö <ULink
URL="http://performance.netlib.org/performance/html/spec.html"
>http://performance.netlib.org/performance/html/spec.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ¸®´ª½º º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© <ULink
URL="http://www.silkroad.com/linux-bm.html"
>http://www.silkroad.com/linux-bm.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="books">
<Title>ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿Â¶óÀÎ ±³°ú¼µé </Title>

<Para>

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ¿Â¶óÀÎ HTML Ã¥ <ULink
URL="http://odin.ee.uwa.edu.au/~morris/CA406/CA_ToC.html"
>http://odin.ee.uwa.edu.au/~morris/CA406/CA_ToC.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Univ of TexasÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð : <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.panam.edu/~meng/Course/CS4335/Notes/master/master.html"
>http://www.cs.panam.edu/~meng/Course/CS4335/Notes/master/master.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ¼ö Ã¼°è¿Í ³í¸® È¸·Î : <ULink
URL="http://www.tpub.com/neets/book13/index.htm"
>http://www.tpub.com/neets/book13/index.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 µðÁöÅ» ³í¸® : <ULink
URL="http://www.play-hookey.com/digital"
>http://www.play-hookey.com/digital</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÇÃ¸³ÇÃ·Ó : <ULink
URL="http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~cjackson/FlipFlops/web_pages/Publish/FlipFlops.html"
>http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~cjackson/FlipFlops/web_pages/Publish/FlipFlops.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÀÎ½ºÆ®·°¼Ç ½ÇÇà »çÀÌÅ¬ : <ULink
URL="http://cq-pan.cqu.edu.au/students/timp1/exec.html"
>http://cq-pan.cqu.edu.au/students/timp1/exec.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Áø¸®Ç¥ ÀÛ¼º±â : <ULink
URL="http://pirate.shu.edu/~borowsbr/Truth/Truth.html"
>http://pirate.shu.edu/~borrowsbr/Truth/Truth.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ °üÇÑ Overview : <ULink
URL="http://www.sics.se/cna/mp_overview.html"
>http://www.sics.se/cna/mp_overview.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¿¡¼ÀÇ µ¿½Ã ÁøÇà ¸ÖÆ¼ ½º·¹µù : <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/smt"
>http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/smt</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Study Web : <ULink
URL="http://www.studyweb.com/links/277.html"
>http://www.studyweb.com/links/277.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Univ notes: <ULink
URL="http://www.ece.msstate.edu/~linder/Courses/EE4713/notes"
>http://www.ece.msstate.edu/~linder/Courses/EE4713/notes</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Á¶¾ð : ÀûÀÀ°ú È®Àå °¡´ÉÇÑ ºÐ»ê °¡»ó ¸Þ¸ð¸® ±¸Á¶ <ULink
URL="http://www.gsyc.inf.uc3m.es/~nemo/export/adv-pdcs96/adv-pdcs96.html"
>http://www.gsyc.inf.uc3m.es/~nemo/export/adv-pdcs96/adv-pdcs96.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Univ of Utah Avalanche Scalable Parallel Processor Project <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.utah.edu/avalanche/avalanche-publications.html"
>http://www.cs.utah.edu/avalanche/avalanche-publications.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ºÐ»ê ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ : <ULink
URL="http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Vista/4015/pdcindex.html"
>http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Vista/4015/pdcindex.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Pisma ¸Þ¸ð¸® ±¸Á¶ : <ULink
URL="http://aiolos.cti.gr/en/pisma/pisma.html"
>http://aiolos.cti.gr/en/pisma/pisma.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ±¸Á¶ : <ULink
URL="http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Exemplar/ARPA"
>http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Exemplar/ARPA</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð ±³°ú¼µé : <ULink
URL="http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/computer_architecture.html#book"
>http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/computer_architecture.html#book</ULink
>
VLSI ¼³°è <ULink
URL="http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/vlsi.html"
>http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/vlsi.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Comp Arch Conference and Journals <ULink
URL="http://www.handshake.de/user/kroening/conferences.html"
>http://www.handshake.de/user/kroening/conferences.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 WWW Comp arch page <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~arch/www"
>http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~arch/www</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="univlectures">
<Title>ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð ´ëÇÐ °ÀÇ ³ëÆ® </Title>

<Para>

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 °í±Þ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð
<ULink
URL="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/dahlin/Classes/GradArch"
>http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/dahlin/Classes/GradArch</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð - ÄÚ½º ·¹º§ 415 <ULink
URL="http://www.diku.dk/teaching/2000f/f00.415"
>http://www.diku.dk/teaching/2000f/f00.415</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 MIT : <ULink
URL="http://www.csg.lcs.mit.edu/6.823"
>http://www.csg.lcs.mit.edu/6.823</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 UBC CPU slides : <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/neufeld/courses/cs218/chapter8/index.htm"
>http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/neufeld/courses/cs218/chapter8/index.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Purdue Univ slides : <ULink
URL="http://www.ece.purdue.edu/~gba/ee565/Sessions/S03HTML/index.htm"
>http://www.ece.purdue.edu/~gba/ee565/Sessions/S03HTML/index.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Rutgers Univ - ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¿ø¸® : <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~murdocca/POCA/Chapter02.html"
>http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~murdocca/POCA/Chapter02.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Brown Univ - <ULink
URL="http://www.engin.brown.edu/faculty/daniels/DDZO/cmparc.html"
>http://www.engin.brown.edu/faculty/daniels/DDZO/cmparc.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Univ of Sydney - µðÁöÅ» ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÀÔ¹® : <ULink
URL="http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part3"
>http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part3</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Bournemouth Univ, UK ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¿ø¸® : <ULink
URL="http://ncca.bournemouth.ac.uk/CourseInfo/BAVisAn/Year1/CompSys"
>http://ncca.bournemouth.ac.uk/CourseInfo/BAVisAn/Year1/CompSys</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 °¡»ó º´·Ä Ã³¸® ±â°è : <ULink
URL="http://www.netlib.org/pvm3/book/node1.html"
>http://www.netlib.org/pvm3/book/node1.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 univ center: <ULink
URL="http://www.eecs.lehigh.edu/~mschulte/ece401-99"
>http://www.eecs.lehigh.edu/~mschulte/ece401-99</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 univ course: <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/fussell/cs352"
>http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/fussell/cs352</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Examples of working VLSI circuits(in Greek) <ULink
URL="http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef/projects/vlsi"
>http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef/projects/vlsi</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="cpuarch">
<Title>CPU ±¸Á¶</Title>

<Para>
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ »çÀÌÆ®µé¿¡´Â CPU ±¸Á¶¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð : <ULink
URL="http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/computer_architecture.html"
>http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/computer_architecture.html</ULink
>
VLSI ¼³°è <ULink
URL="http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/vlsi.html"
>http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/vlsi.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Beyond RISC - The Post-RISC Architecture <ULink
URL="http://www.cps.msu.edu/~crs/cps920"
>http://www.cps.msu.edu/~crs/cps920</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Beyond RISC - PostRISC : <ULink
URL="http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~e106170/postrisc.html"
>http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~e106170/postrisc.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 List of CPUS <ULink
URL="http://einstein.et.tudelft.nl/~offerman/cl.contents2.html"
>http://einstein.et.tudelft.nl/~offerman/cl.contents2.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 PowerPC Arch <ULink
URL="http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.10/10.08/PowerPcArchitecture"
>http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.10/10.08/PowerPcArchitecture</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 CPU Info center - List of CPUs sparc, arm etc.. <ULink
URL="http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/tech"
>http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/tech</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 cpu arch intel IA 64 <ULink
URL="http://developer.intel.com/design/ia-64"
>http://developer.intel.com/design/ia-64</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Intel 386 CPU architecture <ULink
URL="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/doc/ug/asm/about-386.html"
>http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/doc/ug/asm/about-386.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Freedom CPU architecture <ULink
URL="http://f-cpu.tux.org/original/Freedom.php3"
>http://f-cpu.tux.org/original/Freedom.php3</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Z80 CPU architecture <ULink
URL="http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Peaks/3938/z80arki.htm"
>http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Peaks/3938/z80arki.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 CRIMSEN OS and teaching-aid CPU<ULink
URL="http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~ian/project3/node1.html"
>http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~ian/project3/node1.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ¾î¼Àºí¸®¾î °³³ä <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.uaf.edu/~cs301/notes/Chapter1/node1.html"
>http://www.cs.uaf.edu/~cs301/notes/Chapter1/node1.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Alpha CPU architecture <ULink
URL="http://www.linux3d.net/cpu/CPU/alpha/index.shtml"
>http://www.linux3d.net/cpu/CPU/alpha/index.shtml</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 <ULink
URL="http://hugsvr.kaist.ac.kr/~exit/cpu.html"
>http://hugsvr.kaist.ac.kr/~exit/cpu.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Tron CPU architecture <ULink
URL="http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/tronvlsicpu.html"
>http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/tronvlsicpu.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="newsgroups">
<Title>CPU ¼³°è¿¡ °üÇÑ À¯½º³Ý ´º½º ±×·ìµé </Title>

<Para>

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¶Á÷·Ð ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch"
>news:comp.arch</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 FPGA ´º½º±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch.fpga"
>news:comp.arch.fpga</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Arithmetic ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch.arithmetic"
>news:comp.arch.arithmetic</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Bus ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch.bus"
>news:comp.arch.bus</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 VME Bus ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch.vmebus"
>news:comp.arch.vmebus</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 embedded ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch.embedded"
>news:comp.arch.embedded</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Embedded piclist ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch.embedded.piclist"
>news:comp.arch.embedded.piclist</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Storage ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.arch.storage"
>news:comp.arch.storage</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 VHDL ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.lang.vhdl"
>news:comp.lang.vhdl</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Computer Benchmarks ´º½º ±×·ì <ULink
URL="news:comp.benchmarks"
>news:comp.benchmarks</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="fabricate">
<Title>CPU Á¦Á¶ </Title>

<Para>
CPU¸¦ ¼³°èÇÏ°í Å×½ºÆ®ÇÑ µÚ¿¡, CPU¸¦ ´ë·® »ý»êÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·² ¶§, ¼¼°è °÷°÷ÀÇ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ °øÀåµéÀÌ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °æÀï·ÂÀÖ´Â °¡°ÝÀ» Á¦°øÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹, µ¶ÀÏ, ¿µ±¹, ÀÏº», ÇÑ±¹, Áß±¹ µî¿¡ ÀÌ·± È¸»çµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
TMSC (´ë¸¸) Àº ¼¼°è¿¡¼ <Emphasis remap="bf">"°¡Àå Å« ¹ÝµµÃ¼ Àü¹® Á¦Á¶ °øÀå"</Emphasis>ÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ »ý»ê ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ÈÈ¾îº»µÚ¿¡, 10¸¸°³ ´ÜÀ§ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¾öÃ»³ ´ë·® »ý»êÀ» À§ÇØ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

<Sect2>
<Title>¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ±Ô¸ð!</Title>

<Para>
¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¦Á¶ È¸»çµéÀº ±â¹Ý ½Ã¼³¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ÁýÁßÀûÀ¸·Î ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇÏ¸ç, ¼ö¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °øÀåÀ» Áþ´Â´Ù.
¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¦Á¶¾÷Àº 2004³â±îÁö 70Á¶ ´Þ·¯¿¡¼ 360Á¶ ´Þ·¯·Î ¼ºÀåÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. (414% Áõ°¡À²ÀÌ´Ù!!)
´õ ¸¹Àº ÁýÀû ÀåÄ¡ Á¦Á¶»çµé(IDMs)µéÀÌ ¿þÀÌÆÛ °¡°ø ¼ö¿ë ´É·ÂÀ» ´Ã¸®´Â ´ë½Å, Ä§ »ý»ê ¿ÜÁÖ¸¦ ÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Ã¤ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
¹ÝµµÃ¼ Àü¹® Á¦Á¶ °øÀåµéÀº ÇöÀç ¼¼°è ¹ÝµµÃ¼ »ý»ê·®ÀÇ 12%¸¦ ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ Á¡À¯À²Àº 2004³â ±îÁö 26%·Î µÎ ¹è ÀÌ»óÀÇ Áõ°¡¼¼¸¦ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù.

</Para>

<Para>
"Big Three"ÀÇ Àü¹® ¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¦Á¶ °øÀåµé(Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC),
United Microelectronics Copr. (UMC),
Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd. Pte.)Àº ÇöÀç ¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¦Á¶ °øÀå »ý»ê ¿ë·®ÀÇ 69%¸¦ ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, 2004³â ±îÁö´Â ±× Á¡À¯À²ÀÌ 88%±îÁö Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÎ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="manufacture">
<Title>CPU Á¦Á¶</Title>

<Para>
Àü ¼¼°è ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö¹é°³ÀÇ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¦Á¶ °øÀåµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù (³Ê¹« ¸¹¾Æ¼ ¿°ÜÇÏ±â Èûµé´Ù). ´ÙÀ½Àº ±×µéÁß ÀÏºÎ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÌ´Ù -

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 TSMC (Taiwan Semi-conductor Manufacturing Co) <ULink
URL="http://www.tsmc.com"
>http://www.tsmc.com</ULink
>, 
È¸»ç ¼Ò°³ <ULink
URL="http://www.tsmc.com/about/index.html"
>http://www.tsmc.com/about/index.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Singapore <ULink
URL="http://www.csminc.com"
>http://www.csminc.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 United Microelectronics Corp. (UMC) <ULink
URL="http://www.umc.com/index.html"
>http://www.umc.com/index.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Advanced BGA
<footnote>
	<para>Ball Grid Array, Ä¨ÀÇ ¾Æ·§¸é¿¡ ¹Ý±¸ ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ÇÉµéÀ» ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ¿© Ä¨ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â Ä¨ ÆÐÅ°Â¡ ¹æ½Ä</para>
</footnote>
 Packing <ULink
URL="http://www.abpac.com"
>http://www.abpac.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Amcor, Arizona <ULink
URL="http://www.amkor.com"
>http://www.amkor.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Elume, USA <ULink
URL="http://www.elume.com"
>http://www.elume.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 X-Fab, Gesellschaft zur Fertigung von Wafern mbH, Erfurt, Germany <ULink
URL="http://www.xfab.com"
>http://www.xfab.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 IBM corporation, (¹ÝµµÃ¼ »ý»êºÎ) <ULink
URL="http://www.ibm.com"
>http://www.ibm.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 National Semi-conductor Co, Santa Clara, USA <ULink
URL="http://www.natioanl.com"
>http://www.natioanl.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Intel corporation (Semi-conductor foundries), USA <ULink
URL="http://www.intel.com"
>http://www.intel.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Hitachi Semi-conductor Co, Japan <ULink
URL="http://www.hitachi.com"
>http://www.hitachi.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Fujitsu Semi-conductor Co, Japan
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Mitsubhishi Semi-conductor Co, Japan
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Hyandai Semi-conductor, Korea <ULink
URL="http://www.hea.com"
>http://www.hea.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Samsumg Semi-conductor, Korea
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Atmel, France <ULink
URL="http://www.atmel-wm.com"
>http://www.atmel-wm.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ Á¦Á¶ ÁÖ¿ä ±â¾÷µéÀ» ¾Æ½Å´Ù¸é, ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¾Ë·Á´Þ¶ó.
</Para>

<Para>
Ä¨ Á¦Á¶ È¸»ç ¸®½ºÆ®

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Chip directory <ULink
URL="http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/make/foundry.htm"
>http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/make/foundry.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Chip makers <ULink
URL="http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/make/index.htm"
>http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/make/index.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 IC manufacturers <ULink
URL="http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/c/a.htm"
>http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/c/a.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect2>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="super">
<Title>Super Computer Architecture</Title>

<Para>
¿äÁò Super computer¸¦ À§ÇÑ systemÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀº ´ëºÎºÐ, RISC ±â¹ÝÀÇ 
Symmetric Multi-Processing(SMP) nodeµéÀ» fast network·Î 
¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡¼ Å©°Ô ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±¸Á¶»óÀ¸·Î ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î 
¹ßÀü ¸ð½ÀÀÎ °Í °°´Ù. ºñ±³Àû °ª½Ñ RISC processor¿Í ±Ô°ÝÈµÈ Åë½Å 
software·Î processorµéÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â network productµé ´öºÐ¿¡, 
vendor°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â complete system ´ë½Å ÀÚÃ¼ÀûÀ¸·Î cluster 
computer¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
´ÙÀ½ site¿¡ Super Computer¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ´õ ÀÖ´Ù.

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Top 500 super computers <ULink
URL="http://www.top500.org/ORSC/2000"
>http://www.top500.org/ORSC/2000</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 National Computing Facilities Foundation <ULink
URL="http://www.nwo.nl/ncf/indexeng.htm"
>http://www.nwo.nl/ncf/indexeng.htm</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Linux Super Computer Beowulf cluster <ULink
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Beowulf-HOWTO.html"
>http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Beowulf-HOWTO.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Extreme machines - beowulf cluster <ULink
URL="http://www.xtreme-machines.com"
>http://www.xtreme-machines.com</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 System architecture description of
the Hitachi SR2201 <ULink
URL="http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/eng/sr1.html"
>http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/eng/sr1.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Personal Parallel Supercomputers <ULink
URL="http://www.checs.net/checs_98/papers/super"
>http://www.checs.net/checs_98/papers/super</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

<Sect2 id="classes">
<Title>Main Architectural Classes</Title>

<Para>
Machine ÀÚÃ¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ê±â¸¦ ÇÏ±â Àü¿¡, ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ¼ 
°í¾ÈµÈ mechanismµéÀ» »ìÆìº¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °Í °°´Ù. Ã¹ ¹øÂ°·Î 
hardwareÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ÇÏ³ªÀÇ CPU ¼º´ÉÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼ computer systemÀÇ 
¼Óµµ¸¦ ³ôÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÇ °¡´É¼º ¿©ºÎ±îÁöµµ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÁÖµÈ ¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. Hardware¿Í 
´õºÒ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¶Ç ÇÏ³ªÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò´Â, ÁÖ¾îÁø hardware platform¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÉ 
È¿À²ÀûÀÎ code¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â compilerÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì hardwareÀÇ 
¿µÇâ°ú softwareÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ºÐ¸®ÇÏ±â´Â Èûµé±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ 
°á°ú¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ¶§´Â ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ chapter¿¡¼´Â ÁÖ·Î hardwareÀÇ 
±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ »ìÆìº»´Ù. 
</Para>

<Para>
±×µ¿¾È FlynnÀÇ ºÐ·ùÃ¼°è´Â high-performance computer¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Âµ¥ À¯¿ëÇß´Ù. 
ÀÌ Ã¼°è´Â instruction°ú dataÀÇ Èå¸§À» ¾î¶»°Ô Á¶ÀÛÇÏ´Â°¡¿¡ µû¶ó¼ 4°¡Áö·Î ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù. 
¿ì¼±Àº °¢ class¸¦ °£·«ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ³ªÁß¿¡ Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ »ìÆìº¸µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="sisd">
<Title>SISD machines </Title>

<Para>
SISD machineÀº ÇÏ³ªÀÇ CPU·Î ÇÏ³ªÀÇ instuction Èå¸§À» serialÇÏ°Ô Ã³¸®ÇÏ´Â systemÀÌ´Ù. 
¿äÁò ¸¹Àº ´ëÇü mainframeµéÀÌ µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ CPU¸¦ °®±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ °¢°¢ÀÇ instruction 
Ã³¸® Èå¸§Àº ¼·Î ¿¬°üÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ±×·± °Íµéµµ (¿©·¯°³°¡) °¢ÀÚÀÇ data space¿¡¼ 
µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â SISD machineÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Â´Ù. DEC, Hewlett-Packard, 
Sun MicrosystemsÀÇ workstation ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ SISD machineÀÇ ¿¹¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡¼´Â SISD machineÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¸¸ ¾Ë¾ÆµÎµµ·Ï ÇÏ°í ÀÚ¼¼È÷ »ìÆìº¸Áö´Â ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="simd">
<Title>SIMD machines</Title>

<Para>
SIMD machine¿¡¼´Â 1,024¿¡¼ 16,384°³ ±îÁöÀÇ ¸¹Àº processing unitÀÌ ¶È°°Àº 
instructionÀ» ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ data¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ lock-stepÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇØ¼ ÇÑ 
°³ÀÇ instructionÀÌ ¸¹Àº data¸¦ º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î Ã³¸®ÇÏ°ÔµÈ´Ù. SIMD machineÀÇ ¿¹·Î´Â 
CPP DAP Gamma II³ª Alenia Quadircs °°Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
SIMD systemÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ ºÐ·ù·Î vector processor°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Vector processor´Â 
Æ¯º°ÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ CPUµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ ÇÏ³ªÀÇ data°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºñ½ÁÇÑ dataµéÀÇ 
array¸¦ Ã³¸®ÇÑ´Ù. data°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô vector ´ÜÀ§·Î Ã³¸®µÇ¸é °á°ú¸¦ 
clock cycle´ç ÇÑ ¹è³ª µÎ ¹è -- Æ¯º°ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â -- ¼¼ ¹èÀÇ ºñÀ²·Î 
¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (system¿¡¼´Â clock cycleÀ» ³»ºÎ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ±âº» ´ÜÀ§·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.) 
µû¶ó¼ vector processor´Â data¸¦ °ÅÀÇ º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î Ã³¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Âµ¥, ´Ü ÀÌ°ÍÀº 
vector mode·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÒ ¶§ ¸¸ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ scalar mode ÀÏ ¶§º¸´Ù 
¸î ¹è ºü¸£°Ô Ã³¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â vector processor¸¦ ´ëºÎºÐ 
SIMD machineÀ¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄÇÏ¸ç, ¿¹·Î´Â Hitachi S3600ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="misd">
<Title>MISD machines</Title>

<Para>
ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·± À¯ÇüÀÇ machineÀº ÇÏ³ªÀÇ data Èå¸§¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ 
instructionÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ machineÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î 
±¸ÇöµÈ ÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ»»Ó´õ·¯ ÀÌ·± systemÀº »ý°¢ÇÏ±âµµ ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·ÎÀÇ 
³»¿ë¿¡¼ ÀÌ À¯ÇüÀº Á¦¿ÜÇÏµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="mimd">
<Title>MIMD machines</Title>

<Para>
ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ machineÀº ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ instructionÀ» ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ data¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ 
º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ¾Õ¿¡¼ ³ª¿Ô´ø ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ processor¸¦ °¡Áø SISD 
machine°úÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº, instructionÀÌ³ª data°¡ ¼öÇàÇÒ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ 
ºÎºÐÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ »Ó ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ÇÏ³ªÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À¸·Î ¿¬°üÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. 
µû¶ó¼ MIMD system¿¡¼´Â ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ sub-task¸¦ º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î Ã³¸®ÇØ¼ 
°á±¹ ¼öÇàÇÒ ÇÏ³ªÀÇ main task °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò´Âµ¥ ±îÁöÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ´ÜÃàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
ÇÑÆí MIMD systemÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â ´Ù¾çÇÏ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ FlynnÀÇ ºÐ·ùÃ¼°è°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö 
¾ÊÀº ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¼·Î ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥, four-processor NEC SX-5¿Í 
thousand processor SGI/Cray T3E°¡ °°Àº Á¾·ù·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 
±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ±¸ºÐÀ» µÎ°í ±×°Í¿¡ µû¶ó¼ »ìÆìº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
</Para>

<Sect3 id="shared">
<Title>Shared memory systems</Title>

<Para>
 Shared memory system¿¡¼´Â ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ CPU°¡ ÇÏ³ªÀÇ address space¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù. 
 ÀÌ ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼´Â ¸ðµç CPUµéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â memory°¡ ÇÑ °³»ÓÀÌ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ data°¡ 
 ÀúÀåµÈ °÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±»ÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. Shared memory systemÀº SIMDÀÏ 
 ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í MIMD ÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Âµ¥, Single-CPU vector processor´Â ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ°í 
 multi-CPU modelÀº ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â SM-SIMD³ª SM-MIMD¶ó´Â ¾à¾î·Î 
 Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect3>

<Sect3 id="distributed">
<Title>Distributed memory systems</Title>

<Para>
ÀÌ ÇüÅÂ´Â °¢ÀÚÀÇ memory¸¦ °®´Â CPUµéÀÌ ¼·Î network·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù 
°¢°¢ÀÇ memory·ÎºÎÅÍ data¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù. Shared memory machineÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® 
user´Â ¿øÇÏ´Â data°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â À§Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ°í ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù data¸¦ ¿Å°Ü 
ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Distributed memory systemµµ SIMD³ª MIMD°¡ ¸ðµÎ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. 
lock stepÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â SIMD system°æ¿ì¿¡´Â processor¸¶´Ù °¢ÀÚÀÇ ºÐ»êµÈ 
memory¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. Distributed memory MIMD systemÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¿¬°áµÇ´Â networkÀÇ 
topology°¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑµ¥, topologyÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ user°¡ ¾Ë ÇÊ¿ä±îÁö´Â ¾ø±â 
¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ½Ä¼ºÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â distributed memory system¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ DM-SIMD³ª 
DM-MIMD¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î·Î °¢°¢À» °¡¸®Å°µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. Shared memory¿Í distributed memory´Â 
ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ±¸ºÐµÇ´Â °ÍÃ³·³ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ Ç×»ó ±×·± °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Kendall Square 
Research system¿¡¼´Â hardware level¿¡¼ "virtual shared memory"¶ó´Â °³³äÀ» 
µµÀÔÇß´Ù. Virtual shared memory´Â programming level¿¡¼µµ simulationÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØ¼, 
processorµé¿¡ data¸¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°´Â compilerÀÇ Áö½Ã ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î High Performance 
Fortran(HPF) specificationÀÌ 1993³â¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ±âµµ Çß´Âµ¥, HPF°¡ ±¸ÇöµÈ systemÀº 
user ÀÔÀå¿¡¼´Â shared memory machineÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. HP³ª SGI/Cray °°Àº 
Massively Parallel Processor system(MPP systemÀÌ¶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù)ÀÇ vendor µéµµ, 
¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ»êµÈ memory¸¦ collective address space·Î addressing ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á 
virtual shared-memory programming modelÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇØ¼ systemÀÇ ¸ðµç 
memory¸¦ ÇÏ³ªÀÇ global address space·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·± Á¾·ùÀÇ system¿¡ 
´ëÇØ¼´Â ccNUMA ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ´õ ´Ù·çµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. Âü°í·Î TreadMarks °°Àº package¿¡µµ 
workstationµéÀÇ network¸¦ À§ÇØ¼ virtual shared memory environment¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect3>
</Sect2>

<Sect2 id="dps">
<Title>Distributed Processing Systems</Title>

<Para>
ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ °æÇâ Áß ÇÏ³ª´Â ºÐ»ê Ã³¸®(Distributed Processing)ÀÎµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº DM-MIMD¿¡¼ 
ÇÑ ´Ü°è ´õ ³ª¾Æ°£ °³³äÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ intergrated processor¸¦ ¸î °³ÀÇ box³ª 
workstation, ¶Ç´Â mainframe µî¿¡ ³Ö´Â ´ë½Å (Gigabit) EhternetÀÌ³ª FDDI µîÀ¸·Î 
¿¬°áÇØ¼ ÇÏ³ªÀÇ program ¾È¿¡¼ concurrentÇÏ°Ô ¼öÇàµÇµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °³³äÀûÀ¸·Î´Â 
DM-MIMD computing°ú º°·Î ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀÌ ¾øÁö¸¸ processor°£ÀÇ Åë½Å ¼Óµµ°¡ Á» ´À¸®´Ù. 
¸¹Àº package¿¡¼ distributed computingÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑµ¥, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é 
PVM(Parallel Virtual Machine)ÀÌ³ª MPI(Message Passing Interface)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 
ÀÌ·± "message passing" modelÀÌ¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÇ programmingÀÌ ³Î¸® ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Á³±â 
¶§¹®¿¡ PVMÀÌ³ª MPI´Â ´ëºÎºÐ major vendorÀÇ distributed-memory MIMD¿¡ Ã¤ÅÃµÇ¾ú°í, 
½ÉÁö¾î È£È¯¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ¼ shared-memory MIMD¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó high 
computational power¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ¼ HiPPI channel µîÀ¸·Î shared-memory systemÀ» 
clusterÇÏ´Â °æÇâµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é NEC SX-5³ª SGI/Cray SV1 µîÀÌ ÀÌ·± ±¸Á¶¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. 
µû¶ó¼ clustered node ³»¿¡¼ shared-memory programming styleÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>
	
<Sect2 id="ccNUMA">
<Title>ccNUMA machines</Title>

<Para>
¾ÕÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡¼ ³ª¿Ô´ø °ÍÃ³·³, ºñ±³Àû ÀûÀº ¼öÀÇ(16°³ Á¤µµ±îÁö) RISC processor¸¦ 
Symmetric Multi-Processing(SMP) node¿¡ ÁýÀû½ÃÅ°´Â °æÇâÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·± node 
¾ÈÀÇ processorµéÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â °ª½Ñ network·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ °¡»óÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Ç×»ó 
1-stage crossbar·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 
</Para>

<Para>
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾Õ¿¡¼ ³ª¿Ô´ø vector processor¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀÌÁö¸¸ ¸ðµç processorµéÀÌ 
ÀüÃ¼ address space¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ ´Ù¸£´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ±×·± systemÀº 
SM-MIMD machineÀÌ¶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ memory°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ºÐ»êµÇ¾î ÀÖ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ 
data access operationÀÌ Ç×»ó ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£³»¿¡ ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù´Â º¸ÀåÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ·± systemÀ» 
ccNUMA¶ó°í ÇÏ´Âµ¥ ccNUMA´Â Cache Coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. 
¿©±â¼ "Cache Coherent"¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç CPU¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â º¯¼ö°¡ ÀÏ°üµÈ °ªÀ» °¡Á®¾ß 
ÇÔÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Áï ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â cache°¡ ¼·Î °°Àº º¯¼ö°ªÀ» ÀÏ°üµÇ°Ô °¡Á®¾ß ÇÏ´Âµ¥ CPUµéÀÇ 
cache°¡ consistentÇÏµµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× Áß ÇÏ³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ 
CPU¿¡¼ Àü¼ÛÁßÀÎ º¯¼öµéÀ» À¯½ÉÈ÷ °üÂûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â º¯¼öÀÌ¸é ±× °ªÀ» updateÇÏµµ·Ï 
ÇÏ´Â snoopy bus protocolÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¿Ü¿¡ °¢ º¯¼öÀÇ À¯È¿ÇÏµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â Æ¯º°ÇÑ 
memoryÀÎ directory memory¸¦ °®´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â memory°¡ ºÐ»êµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ Æ¯º°ÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ À§ÇØ¼ (directory memoryÃ³·³) 
hardware/software°¡ ÅëÇÕµÇ¾î ÀÖ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ÀÌ·± systemÀ» 
SM-MIMD¶ó°í º¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

</Sect2>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="neural">
<Title>Neural Network Processors</Title>

<Para>
NN(Neural Network)Àº »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀÎ ½Å°æ¸ÁÀÇ modelÀÌ°í, ¹°·Ð ¾È ±×·± ºÎºÐµµ ÀÖ±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§ 
NN ºÐ¾ß ¿µ°¨ÁßÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÌ, ÀÎ°£ÀÇ µÎ³ú°¡ ÀÏ»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â Á¤±³ÇÏ°í Áö´ÉÀûÀÎ 
¿¬»êµéÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÎ°ø systemÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¼ ÀÎ°£ µÎ³ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ¿¡¼ ¿Ô´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ NNÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ "training" ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó¼, data¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °¢ connectionÀÇ 
weight¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é, NNÀº ¿¹¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ "¹è¿ì°í" (¸¶Ä¡ ¾ÆÀÌµéÀÌ °¾ÆÁöÀÇ 
¿¹·ÎºÎÅÍ °¾ÆÁö¸¦ ÀÎ½ÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °Í°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.), ÈÆ·ÃµÈ data ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÏ¹ÝÈ ´É·ÂÀ» º¸ÀÎ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
NN¿¡¼´Â °¢ ºÎºÐÀÇ ¿¬»êÀÌ ¼·Î µ¶¸³ÀûÀÌ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¶Ù¾î³ º´·Ä¼ºÀ» ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Áø´Ù. 
±×·¡¼ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº NN¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â Æ¯Â¡À¸·Î ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ º´·Ä¼º°ú ³ôÀº ±ä¹Ð¼ºÀ» µé±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸, 
±×·± ¿ä°ÇµéÀº NNÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ °æ¿ì·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ®ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¼ø¼±ÇüÈ¸±Í(°Ü¿ì µÎ °³ÀÇ unit°ú bias·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø 
feedforward net)¿Í °°Àº simpleÇÑ modelµéÀ» ¹èÀç½ÃÅ°´Â ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>

<Para>
Neural Network(NN)ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ·Î´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.:

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
DARPA¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ: Neural Network´Â º´·ÄÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â processing elementµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ systemÀÌ¸ç 
°¢ elementÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº networkÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í ¿¬°áÀÇ °µµ ±×¸®°í °¢ node¿¡¼ ¼öÇàµÇ´Â process·Î Á¤ÀÇµÈ´Ù.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
Haykin¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ: Neural Network´Â, °æÇèÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀ» Áö´Ï´Â °Å´ëÇÑ 
º´·ÄºÐ»êÃ³¸®±âÀÌ¸ç ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº µÎ °¡Áö ¸é¿¡¼ ÀÎ°£ÀÇ µÎ³ú¿Í ´à¾Ò´Ù.:

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Network´Â learning process¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ Áö½ÄÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
Áö½ÄÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº synaptic weight¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â neuron °£ÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ´Ù.
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
Nigrin¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ: Neural Network´Â ½Å°æÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·ÎÇÏ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ processing elementµéÀÌ 
»ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹ÀÌ ¸ð¿©¼ ÀÌ·ç´Â È¸·ÎÀÌ´Ù. °¢ element´Â Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¸À» °¡Áö°í µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. 
°Ô´Ù°¡ °¢ element´Â ºñµ¿±â·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ system clockÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
Zurada¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ: ÀÎ°ø ½Å°æ systemÀÌ¶ó°íµµ ÇÏ´Â Neural Network´Â ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ cellular systemÀ¸·Î¼ 
°æÇèÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ» ½ÀµæÇÏ°í ÀúÀåÇÏ¸ç ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

<Para>
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ siteµé¿¡¼ Neural Network Processor¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ´õ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Omers Neural Network pointers <ULink
URL="http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/User/O.F.Rana/neural.html"
>http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/User/O.F.Rana/neural.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 FAQ site <ULink
URL="ftp://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/FAQ.html"
>ftp://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/FAQ.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Automation corp <ULink
URL="http://www.accurate-automation.com/Products/NNP.HTM"
>Neural Network Processor</ULink
> hardware
</Para>
</ListItem>

</ItemizedList>

</Para>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="url">
<Title>°ü·ÃµÈ °÷ÀÇ URLµé</Title>

<Para>
´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÌ ¹®¼¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °÷ÀÇ ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù.

<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Color Vim editor <ULink
URL="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html"
>http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Source code control system <ULink
URL="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/CVS-HOWTO.html"
>http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/CVS-HOWTO.html</ULink
>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>

<Para>
 Linux goodies main site 
<ULink
URL="http://www.aldev.8m.com"
>http://www.aldev.8m.com</ULink
> 
¿Í mirror siteÀÎ
<ULink
URL="http://aldev.webjump.com"
>webjump</ULink
>,
<ULink
URL="http://www.angelfire.com/nv/aldev"
>angelfire</ULink
>,
<ULink
URL="http://www.geocities.com/alavoor/index.html"
>geocities</ULink
>,
<ULink
URL="http://aldev.virtualave.net"
>virtualave</ULink
>,
<ULink
URL="http://aldev.bizland.com"
>bizland</ULink
>,
<ULink
URL="http://members.theglobe.com/aldev/index.html"
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URL="http://homepages.infoseek.com/~aldev1/index.html"
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>

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bash$ sgml2latex filename.sgml
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bash$ dvips -o filename.ps filename.dvi
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bash$ man ps2pdf
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mirror siteÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. -

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>
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</Para>

</Sect1>

<Sect1 id="copy">
<Title>Copyright</Title>

<Para>
ÀÌ ¹®¼ÀÇ ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀº LDP(Linux Documentation Project)·Î¼ GNU/GPLÀ» µû¸¥´Ù. 
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