HELLENIC HOWTO
Fotis Georgatos <gef@hellug.gr>
¸êäïóç 0.991127, 11-27-1999
Áõôü ôï êåßìåíï ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôçí ñýèìéóç ôïõ Linux ãéá
õðïóôÞñéîç ôùí éäéáéôåñïôÞôùí ôùí ÅëëÞíùí êáé ôçò åëëçíéêÞò ãëþóóáò.
This document is part of Hellenic (el) LDP project: http://www.hel-
lug.gr/gr/howto/howto/pub/html/
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. ÅéóáãùãÞ
1.1 ÓõíôÞñçóç ôïõ Hellenic-HOWTO
1.2 ÌïñöïðïéÞóåéò ôïõ Hellenic-HOWTO
1.3 ÔñïðïðïéÞóåéò
1.4 ÓðïíäÝò
1.5 ÐíåõìáôéêÜ äéêáéþìáôá êáé Üäåéá ÷ñÞóçò.
1.6 Note to english users & Copyright
2. ÅãêáôÜóôáóç
2.1 ÅãêáôÜóôáóç åëëçíéêþí
2.2 ×ñÞóéìåò óõìâïõëÝò
2.3 Suse
2.4 Redhat
2.5 Slackware
2.6 Ðñüóèåôåò ñõèìßóåéò
3. Ñõèìßóåéò Åëëçíéêþí
3.1 ÅëëçíéêÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò
3.1.1 ÃÑÁÖÉÓ
3.1.2 Truetype
3.1.3 ÊáíÝíá åñãáëåßï ãéá íá öôéÜîù fonts;
3.2 Êïíóüëá (text mode)
3.2.1 Greek-console
3.2.2 ÐõñÞíåò 2.2 êáé åëëçíéêÜ
3.2.3 ËïéðÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá êïíóüëá
3.3 Ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí (Xwindows)
3.3.1 GRkbd
3.3.2 KiKbd
3.3.3 xgrk
3.3.4 grISOXKb
3.4 Æþíç þñáò (Timezone)
3.4.1 tzHellas
3.4.2 EET.zic
3.5 Åêôõðþóåéò
3.5.1 Plain text óå text åêôõðùôÞ ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé åëëçíéêÜ.
3.5.2 Plain text óå åêôõðùôÞ ðïõ äåí õðïóôçñßæåé åëëçíéêÜ.
3.5.3 Ôõðþíïíôáò åëëçíéêü PostScript êåßìåíï.
3.5.3.1 Ôñïðïðïéþíôáò ôï Fontmap
3.5.3.2 Fontmap, ðñüóèåôåò ëýóåéò
3.5.3.3 grpsfilter
3.6 Ðþò êÜíù mount Ýíá windows partition;
3.7 Ðþò íá ãñÜøù Ýíá CD óôï Linux;
4. ÅöáñìïãÝò
4.1 bash
4.2 csh/tcsh
4.3 ls
4.4 more
4.5 less
4.6 a2ps
4.7 genscript
4.8 vi
4.9 joe
4.10 emacs
4.11 xemacs
4.12 pine
4.13 elm
4.14 metamail
4.15 telnet
4.16 rlogin
4.17 xterm
4.18 rxvt
4.19 minicom
4.20 samba
4.21 ispell
4.22 Midnight Commander
4.23 Staroffice
4.24 Netscape
4.24.1 Netscape widgets
4.24.2 Netscape fonts
5. National Language Support
5.1 Ðñïåôïéìáóßá
5.2 ÅãêáôÜóôáóç Åëëçíéêþí Locale
5.2.1 ÅãêáôÜóôáóç Åëëçíéêþí ìçíõìÜôùí äéÜöïñùí åöáñìïãþí
5.3 ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ tcsh
5.4 Ñõèìßóåéò äéÜöïñùí åöáñìïãþí
5.5 ÐñïâëÞìáôá
5.5.1 ÐñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôçí C Library (libc)
5.5.2 ÐñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôá X
5.5.3 ÐñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé üôáí üëá åßíáé óùóôÜ ;-)
5.6 ÅðéðëÝïí ðëçñïöïñßåò
6. Tex/LaTex
6.1 Ôï project BABEL
6.2 ÐñïóðÜèåéåò åîåëëçíéóìïý ôïõ Tex/LaTex
6.3 Óýíäåóìïé ãéá Tex/LaTex
7. ÇëåêôñïíéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç êáé âéâëßá
7.1 Linux Documentation Project
7.2 ÐåñéïäéêÜ
7.3 Âéâëßá åéäéêÜ ãéá Linux
7.4 Unix ãéá Áñ÷Üñéïõò
7.5 Unix ãéá Ðñï÷ùñçìÝíïõò
7.6 Äéá÷åßñéóç ÓõóôÞìáôïò
7.7 ÁóöÜëåéá ÓõóôÞìáôïò óôï Unix
7.8 Unix êáé Internet
7.9 ÅëëçíéêÜ âéâëßá ãéá ôï UNIX
8. Ôï Linux óôçí ÅëëÜäá
8.1 Ëßóôåò êáé ïìÜäåò óõæçôÞóåùí (Newsgroups)
8.2 IRC
8.3 Fidonet
8.4 ÏìÜäåò ÅëëÞíùí ×ñçóôþí ôïõ Linux
8.4.1 HELLUG
8.4.2 PLUG
8.4.3 TheLUG
8.5 Åãþ ðþò ìðïñþ íá âïçèÞóù
8.6 Internet Sites
8.6.1 WWW
8.6.2 FTP
8.6.3 Êüìâïé ôçò ÁëëïäáðÞò :-)
8.7 ÄéáíïìÝò êáé CD
8.8 Âéâëéïðùëåßá êáé äéáíïìåßò ôùí CD
9. FAQ
9.1 Ðþò îåêßíçóå ôï Linux;
9.2 Ôé ëüãïõò Ý÷ù ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóù ôï Linux;
9.3 Ðþò ìðïñþ íá ìÜèù ôá âáóéêÜ ãéá ôï Linux;
9.4 Óõìâáôüôçôá;
9.5 Ôé SOFTWARE õðïóôçñßæåôáé;
9.6 Ôé åßíáé ôï compile ôïõ ðõñÞíá;
9.7 Ôé åßíáé áõôü ôï SIG11;
9.8 ÕðÜñ÷ïõí Üëëá åëåýèåñá Unix;
9.9 ÂáóéêÞ ïñïëïãßá
10. Ðßíáêåò ÷áñáêôÞñùí, character sets
10.1 ÔõðïðïéÞóåéò ôùí åëëçíéêþí
10.2 737
10.2.1 Ôñïðïðïßçóç ðõñÞíá ãéá õðïóôÞñéîç 737
10.2.2 737 óå X-windows
10.3 928
10.3.1 Windows-1253
10.4 Unicode
10.4.1 Unicode Links
10.5 Ìåôáôñïðåßò åëëçíéêþí
10.5.1 gr2gr
10.5.2 grfilter
10.5.3 greek2lat
10.5.4 trans120.tar.gz
10.5.5 gkconv
10.5.6 recode
10.6 Ôýðïé áñ÷åßùí êáé ìåôáôñïðÞ ôïõò
10.7 Ôé õðÜñ÷åé áêüìá óôï Internet ó÷åôéêÜ ìå åëëçíéêÜ;
11. TODO
11.1 sgmlutils
11.2 groff
11.3 KDE
11.4 vim,viH
11.5 nn
11.6 tin
11.7 mtools
11.8 jove
11.9 pcal
11.10 kermit
11.11 SHMEIWSEIS
______________________________________________________________________
[1m1. ÅéóáãùãÞ[0m
Áõôü ôï êåßìåíï Ý÷åé óõëëåãìÝíåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôçí ñýèìéóç ôïõ
ëåéôïõñãéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò Linux ãéá ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ôçò åëëçíéêÞò
ãëþóóáò. Óêïðüò ÄÅÍ åßíáé ç áðÜíôçóç ãåíéêþí ðñïâëçìÜôùí, áëëÜ ìüíïí
áõôþí ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôçí åëëçíéêÞ ãëþóóá êáé ôéò éäéáéôåñüôçôåò
åíüò ¸ëëçíá ÷ñÞóôç, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí:
· ôçò õðïóôÞñéîçò åëëçíéêþí óå console mode êáé Xwindows,
· ôçò ÷ñÞóçò åëëçíéêþí óå åöáñìïãÝò,
· ôçò ïñèïãñáößáò,
· ôçò åðéêïéíùíßáò ìå Üëëïõò ¸ëëçíåò ÷ñÞóôåò.
Ãéá ìéá ãñÞãïñç ``'' áíáôñÝîáôå óôï áíôßóôïé÷ï êåöÜëáéï.
[1mÐáñáêáëþ, íá Ý÷åôå õð' üøéí óáò üôé ïé ïäçãßåò ãéá ôá åëëçíéêÜ ìðïñåß[0m
[1míá ìçí ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé Þ íá åßíáé ìçí éó÷ýïõí ìå áêñßâåéá óôçí ðåñßðôùóÞ[0m
[1móáò. [22mÁõôü ð÷ óõìâáßíåé åî' áéôßáò ìéêñïäéáöïñþí ìåôáîý ôùí äéáíïìþí
(Debian, Suse, Redhat, OpenLinux êëð), Þ åðåéäÞ ìå ôïí êáéñü ïé ëýóåéò
ðïõ ðáñïõóéÜæïíôáé åäþ åíóùìáôþíïíôáé óôéò äéáíïìÝò.
[1m1.1. ÓõíôÞñçóç ôïõ Hellenic-HOWTO[0m
Ç óõíôÞñçóç áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ ãßíåôáé áðü ôïí ÃåùñãÜôï Öþôç
<gef@hellug.gr > êáé ç ðéï ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç èá âñßóêåôáé óôï URL:
http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef/linux/docs/HOWTO/
Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü èá ìðïñåßôå íá ôï âñåßôå åðßóçò åäþ:
· http://www.hellug.gr/gr/howto/howto/pub/html/Hellenic-HOWTO.html
· http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Hellenic-HOWTO.html
· ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/HOWTO
[1m1.2. ÌïñöïðïéÞóåéò ôïõ Hellenic-HOWTO[0m
Ôï HOWTO áõôü õðÜñ÷åé óôéò åîÞò ìïñöïðïéÞóåéò:
· Hellenic-HOWTO.html html ìå ÅëëçíéêÜ 928 (ìïéÜæïõí ìå ôá
windows-1253)
· Hellenic-HOWTO.html åßíáé greeklish (÷ñÞóéìï ðñéí óôçèïýí ôá
åëëçíéêÜ)
· Hellenic-HOWTO.sgml Åßíáé ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò ôïõ HOWTO, ðïõ óå
óõíäéáóìü ìå ôá sgml-tools ðáñÜãåé üëá ôá õðüëïéðá.
[1m1.3. ÔñïðïðïéÞóåéò[0m
Ãéá ïðïéïäÞðïôå ìåôáôñïðÞ/ó÷ïëéáóìü ôïõ HOWTO, ðáñáêáëþ åðéêïéíùíåßóôå
ìáæß ìïõ óôï gef@hellug.gr ìå subject: HELLENIC-HOWTO. ÅÜí âñåßôå
ëÜèç Þ áíáêñßâåéåò óôï êåßìåíï, äçëþóôå ôï. Åðßóçò áíáëáìâÜíù ôçí
ïñèïãñáößá, ôïíéóìü êáé óõíôáêôéêü Ýëåã÷ï ãéá ôá êåßìåíá, ÷ùñßò áõôü
íá óçìáßíåé üôé èá åßíáé üëá ðÜíôá ôÝëåéá :-)
Éóôïñéêü áëëáãþí:
· 0.00 Áíáêïßíùóç Ýíáñîçò ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ óôçí ëßóôá linux-greek-users
(Éïýëéïò 97)
· 0.01 Âáóéêüò óêåëåôüò ôïõ HOWTO
· 0.1 ÐñïóèÞêç êåéìÝíïõ Üñèñùí, åðéêüëëçóç îÝíùí ôìçìÜôùí.
· 0.2 ÐñïóèÞêåò/ÁëëáãÝò 2.4.3, 3.2.÷, 6, 3.3.3
· 0.3 ÃåíéêÝò áëëáãÝò
· 0.4 ÐñïóèÞêåò/ÁëëáãÝò/ÅðáëÞèåõóç 3.÷
· 0.5 ÁëëáãÞ 2.5
· 0.6 ÐñïóèÞêåò ìå âÜóç ôï NLS FAQ
· 0.7 ÏñãÜíùóç óå SGML êáé áíáêïßíùóç ýðáñîçò óôç ëßóôá.
· 0.8 Ôï "åõ÷áñéóôßåò" Ýãéíå "óðïíäÝò" êáé Üëëá ðïëëÜ :-)
· 0.9 ÐñïóèÞêç êåöáëáßïõ Netscape, Timezone, äéïñèþóåéò
· 0.9p1-4 ÄïêéìÝò åöáñìïãþí ìå ôá åëëçíéêÜ
· 0.9p5,6,7,8 Ðñïåôïéìáóßá ãéá ôåëéêÞ Ýêäïóç
· 0.9905*,06* prefinal versions
{ Ôá ôìÞìáôá ðïõ åßíáé ìÝóá óå Üãêéóôñá, åßíáé ðñïóùñéíÜ, êáé äåí èá
õðÜñ÷ïõí óôçí Ýêäïóç 1.0 } { Üêõñï, èá ìåßíïõí } { Ôá ôìÞìáôá ðïõ
Ý÷ïõí (???) ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé åðáëÞèåõóç Þ ðñïóèÞêåò}
[1m1.4. ÓðïíäÝò[0m
Ôá ãíùóôÜ credits :-)
Åõ÷áñéóôþ éäéáßôåñá ôïí 'Áããåëï ×áñßôóç <ah@computer.org> ( ãíùóôüò
ãéá ôéò åñãáóßåò ôïõ ãýñù áðü ôá åëëçíéêÜ ôùí UNIX óôï HRI ), ãéá ôéò
åêôåôáìÝíåò ðñïóèÞêåò êáé õðïäåßîåéò ôïõ.
Ðïëýôéìç, åðßóçò, Þôáí ç âïÞèåéá ôùí:
· ÔÜóïò ÊÜðéïò <fadom@ccf.auth.gr> ( ÊåöÜëáéï ãéá National Language
Support )
· Êåñáìßäáò Ãéþñãïò <keramida@hellug.gr> ( ÊåöÜëáéï ãéá Tex/LaTex êáé
Üëëá ðïëëÜ)
· ÊïîáñÜò ¶ñçò <koxaras@ceid.upatras.gr> ( ÊåöÜëáéï ãéá Netscape )
· Ðáíáãéþôçò Âñõþíçò <vrypan@hellug.gr,
http://members.xoom.com/Vrypan > ( ÊåöÜëáéï ãéá ÃñáììáôïóåéñÝò,
Åêôõðþóåéò êáé Üëëá )
· ÓùôÞñçò Ôóéìðþíçò <tsimbonis@forthnet.gr>,
· Áíôþíçò Êáâáñíüò <akav@hellug.gr>,
· Ðáðáäçìçôñßïõ Óðýñïò <spapadim@csd.uch.gr>.
· ÃéÜííçò ÌÞôóïò <gmitsos@duth.gr>.
Ãéá ôç óõããñáöÞ ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ áõôïý ÷ñçóßìåõóáí óáí ðñþôåò ðçãÝò ôá:
· linux-danish-howto (Thomas Petersen),
· linux-italian-howto (Marco Gaio Gaiarin)
[1m1.5. ÐíåõìáôéêÜ äéêáéþìáôá êáé Üäåéá ÷ñÞóçò.[0m
Ïé áðáñáßôçôåò äéåõêñéíÞóåéò...
Ôá ðíåõìáôéêÜ äéêáéþìáôá áõôïý ôïõ HOWTO áíÞêïõí óôïí ÃåùñãÜôï Öþôç,
áëëÜ åðéôñÝðåôáé ç äéáíïìÞ õðü ôïõò áêüëïõèïõò üñïõò:
Åêôüò êáé áí ïñßæåôáé äéáöïñåôéêÜ, ôá êåßìåíá "Linux HOWTO" åßíáé
êáôï÷õñùìÝíá áðü ôïõò áíôßóôïé÷ïõò óõããñáöåßò ôïõò. Ôá "Linux HOWTO"
ìðïñïýí íá áíáðáñÜãïíôáé êáé äéáíÝìïíôáé åî' ïëïêëÞñïõ Þ ìåñéêþò, ìå
êÜèå ìÝóï öõóéêü Þ çëåêôñïíéêü, áñêåß áõôÞ ðáñÜãñáöïò ãéá ôá
ðíåõìáôéêÜ äéêáéþìáôá, íá äéáôçñåßôáé óå êÜèå áíôßãñáöï. ÅìðïñéêÞ
åðáíáäéáíïìÞ åðéôñÝðåôáé êáé ìÜëéóôá åíäåßêíõôáé. Ðáñ' üëá áõôÜ ï
óõããñáöÝáò èá Þèåëå íá åßíáé åíçìåñùìÝíïò óå ôÝôïéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò.
¼ëåò ïé ìåôáöñÜóåéò, ðáñáãüìåíåò åñãáóßåò, Þ óõíèÝóåéò ðïõ
ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí ïðïéïäÞðïôå "Linux HOWTO" ðñÝðåé íá êáëýðôïíôáé áðü
áõôÞí ôçí Üäåéá. ÄçëáäÞ, äåí åðéôñÝðåôáé ç ðáñáãùãÞ õëéêïý ðñïêýðôïí
áðü áõôü êáé ç åðéâïëÞ óå áõôü åðéðñüóèåôùí ðåñéïñéóìþí üóïí áöïñÜ ôçí
äéÜäïóÞ ôïõ. ÅîáéñÝóåéò ìðïñïýí íá ãßíïõí êáôÜ ðåñßðôùóç. Ãéá
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò åðéêïéíùíÞóôå ìå ôïí óõíôïíéóôÞ ôùí Linux
HOWTO.
Åí óõíôïìßá, åðéèõìåßôáé ç äéÜäïóç áõôþí ôùí ðëçñïöïñéþí äéáìÝóïõ üóïí
ðåñéóóüôåñùí ôñüðùí åßíáé åöéêôü. Ðáñ' üëá áõôÜ äéáôçñïýíôáé ôá
ðíåõìáôéêÜ äéêáéþìáôá ôùí êåéìÝíùí "Linux HOWTO", êáé åßíáé åðéèõìçôÞ
ç åíçìÝñùóç ãéá ïðïéïäÞðïôå ó÷Ýäéï äéáíïìÞò áõôþí.
Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, åðéêïéíùíÞóôå ìå ôïí Greg Hankins,
óõíôïíéóôÞ ôùí Linux HOWTO óôï email: gregh@metalab.unc.edu, Þ óôï
ôçëÝöùíï +1 404 853 9989.
ÅéäéêÜ, ãéá ôçí åëëçíéêÞ Ýêäïóç åðéêïéíùíÞóôå ìå ôïí ÃåùñãÜôï Öþôç,
óôï: gef@hellug.gr
[1m1.6. Note to english users & Copyright[0m
* This document explains how to setup hellenic (greek) support under
Linux. This includes the environment for greek users, as well as
details on the configuration of applications. The document is written
in modern hellenic ISO-8859-7, but you may find a "greeklish" version
as well. Hellenic HOWTO is maintained by Fotis Georgatos
<gef@hellug.gr> *
Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
like to be notified of any such distributions.
All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.
In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
redistribute the HOWTOs.
If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
coordinator, at gregh@metalab.unc.edu via email, or at +1 404 853
9989.
[1m2. ÅãêáôÜóôáóç[0m
[1mQuickstart [22mãéá ¸ëëçíåò ÷ñÞóôåò:
· Ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ üôé õðïóôçñßæåôáé ôï hardware óáò óôï Hardware-
HOWTO.
· ÓôÞóôå ìßá áðü ôéò äéáíïìÝò ``'', ``'', ``'', Debian, OpenLinux.
ÁãïñÜóôå ôéò Þ áíôéãñÜøôå ôéò (åðéôñÝðåôáé!) áðü ôï Internet:
http://www.hellug.gr/gr/whatislinux/download.html.
· Ñõèìßóôå ôï óýóôçìÜ óáò íá óõíåñãÜæåôáé ìå ôïí åêôõðùôÞ, ôï
ðïíôßêé, ôï modem, êáé íá óçêþíåé ôï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí ìå ôïí
window manager ðïõ èÝëåôå.
· ÓôÞóôå ôá åëëçíéêÜ. Âë. åðüìåíï õðïêåöÜëáéï ``''
· Ñõèìßóôå ôéò åöáñìïãÝò (``'', Staroffice, shells êõñßùò) ãéá ôá
åëëçíéêÜ.
[1m2.1. ÅãêáôÜóôáóç åëëçíéêþí[0m
Ôá âÞìáôá äéáöÝñïõí áðü äéáíïìÞ óå äéáíïìÞ, ðïëý ðåñéóóüôåñï ôþñá ðïõ
ôá åëëçíéêÜ åíóùìáôþíïíôáé óéãÜ óéãÜ, óôéò äéÜöïñåò äéáíïìÝò
(ÍïÝìâñéïò 1999).
ÅÜí äåí Ý÷åôå Þäç åëëçíéêÜ, ëïéðüí:
· [1mGreek-console [22mÓôÞóôå ôï ``'', ãéá íá Ý÷åôå åëëçíéêÜ óôçí êïíóüëá ìå
áñéóôåñü alt-shift. rpm -i greek-console-1.1.0-3.i386.rpm.
Óçìåéþóôå üôé êáíïíéêÜ äåí èá äåßôå åëëçíéêÜ óôï prompt, áëëÜ ìüíï
ìÝóá óå editor, êáé áöïý æçôÞóåôå chcp 928 ãéá ôï öüñôùìá åëëçíéêþí
fonts.
· [1mÃÑÁÖÉÓ [22mÓôÞóôå ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ``'', ãéá ôá Xwindows: xfntgr.rpm
· [1mGRkbd [22mÓôÞóôå ôï ``'' (ïäçãüò ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ), ãéá íá ìðïñåßôå íá
ãñÜöåôå åëëçíéêÜ óôá Xwindows. GRkbd-1.2-1.i386.rpm
· [1mXFGreekKBD [22mÅÜí ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï (grkbd) ãéá êÜðïéï ëüãï äåí äïõëÝøåé,
êáôåâÜóôå áõôü. Åßíáé óçìáíôéêÜ ðéï ðïëýðëïêïò ï ôñüðïò
ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõ áðü ôï grkbd, åóåßò áðëÜ óôÞóôå ôï ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
rpm -i XFGreekKBD-1.2-2.noarch.rpm
[1m2.2. ×ñÞóéìåò óõìâïõëÝò[0m
· Ôï ðåñéïäéêü magaz Ý÷åé ðïëëÜ Üñèñá ðïõ åßíáé åîåéäéêåõìÝíá ðÜíù óå
èÝìáôá ðïõ áðáó÷ïëïýí ðïëý êüóìï ð÷ [1mTex/Latex, Samba, Staroffice,[0m
[1mXISP, KDE, bash, ÅëëçíéêÜ, NLS [22mêëð. Ôï magaz Ý÷åé ðëÞèïò áðü
åñùôÞóåéò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé óôï ðáñåëèüí, êáé ëßãï ðïëý ïé åñùôÞóåéò
åðáíáëáìâÜíïíôáé.
· Áöéåñþóôå áñêåôü ÷ñüíï äéáâÜæïíôáò ãéá íá åíçìåñùèåßôå ãýñù áðü ôï
ðñüâëçìá ðïõ øÜ÷íåôå, ÌÇÍ ðáñáëåßøåôå íá äéáâÜóåôå ôá HOWTO êáé FAQ
(/usr/doc/faq) ôïõ LDP project.
· ÐñïóðáèÞóôå ïðùóäÞðïôå íá êÜíåôå øÜîéìï óå ðáëéÝò åñùôÞóåéò. Ïé
åñùôÞóåéò ðÜíù óå èÝìáôá Þäç áðáíôçìÝíá åßíáé âáñåôÝò. ØÜîôå
ó÷åôéêÜ èÝìáôá áðü ôçí óåëßäá http://lists.hellug.gr/archives.
· ÅÜí óõíáíôÞóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá, ïé ¸ëëçíåò ÷ñÞóôåò èá ìðïñïýí íá
âïçèÞóïõí ìÝóá áðü ôçí ëßóôá linux-greek-users, ôá newsgroups Þ ôá
ó÷åôéêÜ IRC channels. Åðßóçò áðü åêåß èá ðÜñåôå óõìâïõëÝò, ãéá ôï
ðþò èá ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ ôï óýóôçìÜ óáò.
· Ôá äéåèíÞ newsgroups comp.os.linux* åßíáé åðßóçò ÷ñÞóéìá, ð÷
news://comp.os.linux.misc
· [1mÌçí óôÝëíåôå ðñïóùðéêü email óå êÜðïéïí[22m, ãéáôß óðÜíéá õðÜñ÷åé ï
÷ñüíïò ãéá áðÜíôçóç. Áíôßèåôá ðñïôéìÞóôå ôçí ëßóôá Þ ôï newsgroup,
üðïõ ç ðéèáíüôçôá íá ðÜñåôå áðÜíôçóç åßíáé ðïëý ìåãáëýôåñç. Ð×,
óôï äéêü ìïõ mailbox, óõ÷íÜ öôÜíïõí ãñÜììáôá áõôïý ôïõ ôýðïõ:
me lene Xxxxx spoudazo yyyyyyy kai arxisa na asxoloumai me to linux.
Tha ithela na mou peis pou mporo na bro to programma.
oti theleis na mou to steileis sto zzz@zzzzzzzzzz.zz
Äåí áðáíôþ ôÝôïéá email, åéäéêÜ üôáí ôï HOWTO êáé ôï FAQ Ý÷ïõí ôéò
áðáíôÞóåéò, áíôßóôïé÷á ðñÜôôïõí êáé Üëëïé. Äåßôå êáé áõôü åÜí äåí
ðåéóôÞêáôå: Tinamhnkanete.html
[1m2.3. Suse[0m
· Ìßá êáôÜôìçóç ôïõ äßóêïõ ìå 1Gb åßíáé ëïãéêÞ åðéëïãÞ ãéá ôï Suse,
êáèþò Ýñ÷åôáé ìå ðïëëÜ ðáêÝôá ðïõ èá èÝëåôå íá äïêéìÜóåôå (ü÷é üôé
äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ôï óôÞóåôå óå 40Mb).
· ÅêêéíÞóôå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç áðü ôç äéóêÝôá Þ ôï 1ï CD.
· ÌÝóá áðü ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí åãêáôÜóôáóçò åðéëÝîôå ðïõ èá ìðåé ôï
ëåéôïõñãéêü, ìå ôé ðáñáìÝôñïõò, êáé ðïéá ðñïãñÜììáôá èá âÜëåôå.
· Áöïý áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ Ý÷åé óôçí ïèüíç, èá êáôáëÞîåôå
óôá ôåëéêÜ óôÜäéá ñõèìßóåùí ìÝóá áðü ôï [1mYast[22m, áõôü åßíáé ôï
åñãáëåßï ìå ôï ïðïßï ãßíåôáé administration, åÜí äåí Ý÷åôå åìðåéñßá
ìå UNIX.
· Ñõèìßóôå ðïíôßêé, êÜñôá äéêôýïõ, åêôõðùôÞ, scanner, modem ìÝóá áðü
ôï yast.
· Ìüëéò îåìðåñäÝøåôå êáé ìå áõôü, ôñÝîôå ôï sax, áõôü ñõèìßæåé ôï
ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí.
· Ìéá êáëÞ éäÝá åßíáé ðáßîåôå ìå ôï KDE (óôÞóôå ôï áðü ôï yast åÜí
äåí ôï Ý÷åôå Þäç êÜíåé), êáé íá óõíäåèåßôå ìå ôï Internet ìå ôï
kppp, åÜí Ý÷åôå dialup óýíäåóç.
· Ôï suse ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôï [1mapplixware office suite[22m, ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé ôï office ôùí windows. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ õðÜñ÷åé ôï
äùñåÜí [1mstaroffice[22m, ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé íá óôÞóåôå ìå ôïí êùäéêü ôïõ áðü
ôïí êüìâï ôçò stardivision, http://www.stardivision.com.
· Ôá Netscape, nedit, x11amp åßíáé óå ðïëëïýò ÷ñÞóéìá.
· Ðáëáéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ Suse Ý÷ïõí óôïí êáôÜëïãï ãéá NLS "gr_GR"
áíôß ãéá "el_GR" ðïõ åßíáé ôï ïñèüôåñï. ÎåðåñÜóôå ôï ðñüâëçìá ìå
ôçí åíôïëÞ "ln -s el_GR gr_GR".
Ìéá ðñþôç åíôýðùóç áðü ôï Suse åß÷å ðáñïõóéáóôåß óôï magaz,
http://magaz.hellug.gr/05/03_suse.html, ìå éäéáßôåñá åõíïúêÞ
êñéôéêÞ (åßíáé ç ðñïôßìçóç ôïõ ãñÜöïíôïò, ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí ãéá ôï
1998-99, ãéáôß åßíáé 8bit clean êáé õðïóôçñßæåé êáëÜ ôï NLS).
ÁãïñÜóôå ôï ìáæß ìå ôï åã÷åéñßäéï êáé äåí èá ÷Üóåôå.
[1m2.4. Redhat[0m
Åßíáé áíôßóôïé÷ç ìå ôïõ Suse óå ìåãÜëï âáèìü, åäþ äåí ôçí ðåñéãñÜöïõìå
áíáëõôéêÜ. Äåßôå review åíüò ðáëáéüôåñïõ distribution áðü ôï magaz,
http://magaz.hellug.gr/01/06_redhatinst.html êáé ìßá áíáëõôéêÞ
ðåñéãñáöÞ ãéá ôï ðþò èá ôï êÜíåôå íá óõíåñãÜæåôáé ìå ôá åëëçíéêÜ
http://magaz.hellug.gr/13/03_grredhat2.html.
[1m2.5. Slackware[0m
Áò õðïèÝóïõìå üôé åãêáèéóôïýìå ôçí äéáíïìÞ [1mSlackware[22m:
· Åðéâåâáßùóå üôé ôï óýóôçìÜ óïõ Ý÷åé ÷þñï ( Ðñïôåßíåôáé 1 partition
512Mb )
· Ðñïìçèåýóïõ ôï áðü êÜðïéï FTP site (âë. ``'') Þ áãüñáóå ôï óå CDROM
(âë. ``''), êáëýôåñá ôï äåýôåñï. Ðñïôåßíåôáé ôï Slackware 3.6, áðü
ôï Developer's Resource ôçò Infomagic Þ Üëëç óõëëïãÞ.
· ÖôéÜîå ôçí Boot êáé ôçí Root äéóêÝôá {5 ËåðôÜ}
· Îåêßíá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç. ÅÜí åßóáé áñ÷Üñéïò, êáëüí èá åßíáé íá
åðéëÝîåéò Typical Installation. Ñýèìéóå ôï Lilo ãéá íá êÜíåéò
reboot. {30 ËåðôÜ}
· Åðáíåêêßíçóå ôï óýóôçìá êáé ìðåò óôï Linux, ãéá ðñþôç öïñÜ, óáí
root (äåí èÝëåé password) {2 ËåðôÜ}
· ¶ëëáîå ôï root password ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ passwd
ÐëÝïí èá Ý÷åéò Ýíá óýóôçìá ðïõ äïõëåýåé, áëëÜ ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåéò áêüìá
ôá åîÞò:
· ÐÞãáéíå óôïí õðïêáôÜëïãï /usr/src/linux, êáé öôéÜîå ðõñÞíá ãéá ôï
ìç÷ÜíçìÜ óïõ. {10+20 ËåðôÜ}
· ÅãêáôÝóôçóå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá ìå ôï Lilo, êáé åðáíåêêßíçóå ôï óýóôçìÜ
óïõ {5 ËåðôÜ}
· ÔñÝîå ôï script XF86config, êáé öôéÜîå ôï áñ÷åßï /etc/XF86config.
Ôþñá Ý÷åéò Xwindows (äïêßìáóå X -probeonly, startx)
· ÅÜí óõíäÝåóáé ìå ôï Internet ìå dial-up, êáôÝâáóå êáé åãêáôÝóôçóå
ôï Netscape Communicator ãéá browser, mailer, news reader. Ç
ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç åßíáé óõíÞèùò åäþ:
ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/www/Netscape/ Ñýèìéóå ôá åëëçíéêÜ ôïõ.
· XISP ãéá íá óõíäÝåóáé óôï Internet åýêïëá. Ðïëý êáëü êáé åßíáé êáé
¸ëëçíá (ÐÝôñïò Ìðïýñáò).
[1m2.6. Ðñüóèåôåò ñõèìßóåéò[0m
· Ïé ÷ñçìáôéóôÝò áò áíáôñÝîïõí ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï euro (èá ðåñéÝ÷åôáé óôï
latin0=iso8859-15) óôçí äéåýèõíóç ftp://ftp.freshmeat.net/pub/euro-
patch/EURO-1.4.tgz
· ÅãêáôÝóôçóå ôïí åêôõðùôÞ óïõ. Ç äéáäéêáóßá äéáöÝñåé áðü ðåñßðôùóç
óå ðåñßðôùóç, áëëÜ ó÷åäüí ðÜíôá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôï Ghostscript. ×ñÞóéìï
åßíáé ôï a2ps.
· ÅãêáôÝóôçóå ðáêÝôá ðïõ óå åíäéáöÝñïõí üðùò Word processors,
ó÷åäéáóôéêÜ, êëð. Ðéèáíüôáôá èá âñåéò ðïëý âïëéêü ãéá åðåîåñãáóßá
êåéìÝíïõ ôï Nedit.
· Ìçí îå÷Üóåéò íá ñßîåéò ìéá ìáôéÜ óôá Üëëá FAQs êáé HOWTOs (åßíáé
óôá áããëéêÜ)
· ¼óïé Ý÷ïõí óõíçèßóåé ôïí Norton Commander áðü ôï DOS, èá
åðéôá÷ýíïõí ðïëý ôçí åñãáóßá ôïõò ìå ôïí Midnight Commander.
· ¼óïé åßíáé ðñáãìáôéêÜ ðïëý óõíçèéóìÝíïé óôï DOS, ìðïñïýí íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí ôïí emulator DOSEMU ôïõ Linux, ìå ôïí ïðïßï èá
åßíáé äõíáôüí íá ôñÝîïõí ôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò åöáñìïãÝò DOS, êÜôù áðü
Linux. ÃåíéêÜ äåí õðÜñ÷åé ðñüâëçìá ìå ôá åëëçíéêÜ ôïõ DOS êÜôù áðü
X Þ êïíóüëá áëëÜ ßóùò ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå êÜðïéåò ñõèìßóåéò.
· ¼óïé èÝëïõí åöáñìïãÝò Windows õðÜñ÷åé ãéá áõôïýò ôï Wabi áðü ôçí
Sun, ðïõ ôñÝ÷åé ðëçèþñá åöáñìïãþí óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíïõ êáé ôïõ
Office. Ôï Wabi üìùò óôïé÷ßæåé 200$, ãéá áõôü... äïêéìÜóôå ôï
Wine, Ðïõ ðñüóöáôá Ý÷åé áñ÷ßóåé êáé äåß÷íåé óçìÜäéá óçìáíôéêÞò
âåëôßùóçò.
· Ãéá window manager ðñïôåßíïõìå ôï KDE: http://www.kde.org/
[1m3. Ñõèìßóåéò Åëëçíéêþí[0m
¼ëïé ïé Åõñùðáßïé ÷ñÞóôåò ïðïéïõäÞðïôå ëåéôïõñãéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò, Ý÷ïõí
äýï ðñïâëÞìáôá: Ôï ðñþôï åßíáé ç åìöÜíéóç ôùí åéäéêþí ÷áñáêôÞñùí
(ãñáììÜôùí) ôçò ãëþóóáò, êáé ôï äåýôåñï åßíáé íá åíçìåñþóïõí ôïí
õðïëïãéóôÞ ãéá ôçí áëëáãÞ ôïõ ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ. ÌÜëéóôá ôá ðñÜãìáôá
åßíáé ÷åéñüôåñá, ãéáôß ïé åöáñìïãÝò äåí ðåñéìÝíïõí åéäéêïýò ÷áñáêôÞñåò
êáé óõ÷íÜ áðáéôïýí åéäéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò Þ ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò.
Ãéá ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôùí ÷áñáêôÞñùí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá îÝñïõí ïé åöáñìïãÝò üôé
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï óåô 737 Þ ôï 928 (=ISO-8859-7 Þ Latin-7).
Åðéðñüóèåôá èá ÷ñåéáóôïýí ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò þóôå íá öáßíïíôáé êáé íá
ôõðþíïíôáé óùóôÜ ôá åëëçíéêÜ.
Ãéá ìéá ãñÞãïñç åãêáôÜóôáóç åëëçíéêþí äåßôå ôï áíôßóôïé÷ï êåöÜëáéï:
``''
[1m3.1. ÅëëçíéêÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò[0m
Ãéá ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ãéá Tex, âëÝðå ``''
[1m3.1.1. ÃÑÁÖÉÓ[0m
Ôï åã÷åßñçìá [1mÃÑÁÖÉÓ [22mÝ÷åé óêïðü íá óõëëÝîåé üëåò ôéò åëëçíéêÝò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ãéá ×-Windows ðïõ êõêëïöïñïýí åëåýèåñåò (PUBLIC DOMAIN)
óôï Äßêôõï, íá ôéò ïìáäïðïéÞóåé êáôÜ ôýðï Þ/êáé ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ, íá
äéïñèþóåé ôõ÷üí ëÜèç ðïõ áõôÝò Ý÷ïõí, íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé íÝåò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò êáé ôÝëïò, íá ôéò ðáñáäþóåé óôçí ÅëëçíéêÞ êïéíüôçôá ùò
public domain. ¹äç ôï Ý÷åé ðåôý÷åé, äåßôå
http://hq.hellug.gr/~graphis/
Ôï ÃÑÁÖÉÓ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ÏËÁ ôá ðñïçãïýìåíá ðáêÝôá ìå êáëÝò åëëçíéêÝò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí êõêëïöïñÞóåé êáôÜ êáéñïýò:
· X11-Greek-Fonts (P. Christias, 1994),
· X11greek (P. Christias, 1996)
· greekXfonts-misc, (A. Haritsis, 1995)
· hrgrXfonts-75dpi, (Th. Prwtopapas & A. Haritsis @ HRI, 1995-6 )
· hrgrXfonts-100dpi, (Th. Prwtopapas & A. Haritsis @ HRI, 1995-6 )
· greekXfonts-BDF-1.1, ( A. Haritsis, 1995-6)
· greekXfonts-Type-1.1, ( A. Haritsis, 1995-6)
· XgreekFonts (Moraitakis Konstantinos, 1997)
· XFGreekFNTS (Panagiotis Vrionis, 1998?)
· elot7x14 + elot7x14B (A. Kavarnos, 1997)
· helv_R_O_10gr+helv_R_08gr+lutB_12_14gr (P. Bouras, 1998-9)
=====================================================================
Shmeiwseis apo Aggelo Xaritsi [ah@computer.org]:
* ta Type1 (k.a.) 928 fonts moy exoyn to A tonoymeno se 2 theseis wste na
einai symbata me windows texts. Epishs exoyn kai ta symbola poy leipoyn.
* to kbd support gia ellhnika sto rxvt (poy exw kanei contribute) exei
yposthriksh gia anw teleia kai ellhnika omoiwmatika kathws epishs
kai grammata me tono/dialytika. Ola ayta prepei na perasoyn
se X11 xkb-style (ala grISOXKb).
* X11greek:
Den iksera oti den bgainei h payla! An typwseis to PS bgainei
kanonika. Ara mallon einai bug toy X Type1 rasteriser.
BTW, exw kanei ki ena aplo filtro (grpsfilter) poy epitrepei printing
greek texts mesa apo Netscape. Des parakatw!
H lysh poy allazei ola ta ksena fonts se ellhnika den einai swsth.
To greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz egine me skopo:
* na mazepsei ta pio kala greek fonts poy yphrxan sto diktyo
Exei ta grtex/grtt kai polla alla: grfixed, couriergr, helveticagr.
Akoma fonts kai se 737 encodings.
* na xrhsimopoihsei "swsta" (XLFD) kai omoiogenh font names
* na prosferei Type1 scalable fonts ypshlhs poiothtas (ta opoia
prosferontai kai xwrista) - grinet
* na doyleyei trasnsparently me Netscape
=====================================================================
[1m3.1.2. Truetype[0m
Ôåëåõôáßá õðÜñ÷åé ç äõíáôüôçôá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé êáíåßò êáé [1mTruetype[0m
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, ìå Ýíá true-type font engine êáé ìåôáôñïðåßò, éäáíéêÜ
ãéá üóïõò Ý÷ïõí óõëëïãÝò áðü ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ãéá Windows/Mac. Äåßôå
http://www.freetype.org/ êáé ãéá íá óôÞóåôå true type ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò
óôï magaz http://magaz.hellug.gr/10/05_TTFlinux.html.
[1m3.1.3. ÊáíÝíá åñãáëåßï ãéá íá öôéÜîù fonts;[0m
Ôé fonts, bitmap (ð÷. PCF/BDF) Þ Scalable (ð.÷. Type1, TTF) ;
Ãéá ôï ðñþôï õðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñá (xmbdfed ðïëý êáëü, xfedor ü÷é êáé ôüóï)
Ãéá ôï äåýôåñï ôßðïôá ïõóéáóôéêü (äõóôõ÷þò). Äõóôõ÷þò üôé õðÜñ÷åé óå
óôõë Fontographer êáé Icarus åßíáé óå ðïëý alpha óôÜäéï. Ôï ìüíï
óïâáñü ðñüãñáììá êáé êáôÜ ôç ãíþìç ìïõ ôï êáëýôåñï åßíáé ôï METAFONT
áëëÜ èÝëåé äéÜâáóìá.
ÕðÜñ÷åé ìéá ðïëý åíäéáöÝñïõóá óåëßäá óôï äßêôõï:
http://members.iworld.net/bumchul/xfont.html Óôçí óåëßäá áõôÞ èá âñåé
êáíåßò - åêôüò áðü ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï ðþò èá âÜëåé êáéíïýñéá fonts óôï
ìç÷ÜíçìÜ ôïõ- åñãáëåßá ìåôáôñïðÞò: ð÷ ôï ttftobdf. Åðßóçò õðÜñ÷åé ôï
bdftopcf.
ÅíäéáöÝñïõóá åßíáé åðßóçò êáé ç óåëßäá:
http://user.online.be/gd33771/download.html ìå ìéá ðïéêéëßá ttf fonts
(ð÷. ãéá íá ìðïñåß êáíåßò íá ãñÜöåé ãïôèéêÜ óå xterm)
[1m3.2. Êïíóüëá (text mode)[0m
Ïé ôåëåõôáßåò äéáíïìÝò ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷ïõí ôá åëëçíéêÜ åíóùìáôùìÝíá.
ÔñÝîôå:
#setfont iso07.f16
#loadkeys gr
ÅÜí äåí äåßôå ìõíÞìáôá ëÜèïõò, ôüôå Ý÷åôå åëëçíéêÜ óôçí êïíóüëá Þäç,
áëëÜæïõí ìå áñéóôåñü ALT-SHIFT.
ÕÐ' ÏØÉÍ: ÓÔÏ SHELL (bash, tcsh) ÄÅÍ Å×ÅÉ ÅËËÇÍÉÊÁ, ÊÁÍÏÍÉÊÁ.
ÄÏÊÉÌÁÓÔÅ ÓÅ ÅÍÁÍ EDITOR, Ð× JOE,VI.
[1m3.2.1. Greek-console[0m
Óôçí êïíóüëá ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï greek-console ôïõ Ãéþñãïõ
Êåñáìßäá. Õðïóôçñßæåé êáé 737 êáé 928, åíþ Ý÷åé êáé åýêïëç åãêáôÜóôáóç
ìå rpm. Ôá åëëçíéêÜ öáßíïíôáé ìå "chcp 737" êáé "chcp 928" êáé
(áð)åíåñãïðïéïýíôáé ìå (áñéóôåñÜ) ALT-SHIFT. Åðßóçò ôï äåîß ALT
áëëÜæåé óôéãìéáßá ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï.
[1m3.2.2. ÐõñÞíåò 2.2 êáé åëëçíéêÜ[0m
Ç íÝá ãåíéÜ ðõñÞíùí 2.2.x (êáé Üñá êáé ïé 2.3.x), Ý÷ïõí íÝï êþäéêá ãéá
ôçí äéá÷åßñéóç ôçò ïèüíçò óå text mode (åßíáé ðëÝïí ìå framebuffer)
êáé ãéá áõôü õðÜñ÷ïõí ðñïâëÞìáôá óôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ôùí åëëçíéêþí óôçí
êïíóüëá (ü÷é óôï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí). Ï ÓùôÞñçò Ôóéìðüíçò âñÞêå ôçí
ëýóç, íá ðñïóôåèåß óôï /etc/profile ôï åîÞò:
[ -t 1 ] && printf "\033(K"
[1m3.2.3. ËïéðÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá êïíóüëá[0m
Ï ÁëÝîéïò ×ïõ÷ïýëáò Ý÷åé ãñÜøåé åðßóçò ôï greek-2.0.tar.gz êáé ï
Áíôþíçò Êáâáñíüò (akav@hellug.gr) ôï grpty, ðïõ äïõëåýåé êáé óå
solaris.
[1m3.3. Ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí (Xwindows)[0m
Ïé åðéëïãÝò ðïõ Ý÷åé êáíåßò ãéá íá ãñÜöåé åëëçíéêÜ êÜôù áðü XWindows
óå Linux åßíáé (ðÝñáí ôïõ íá ôá öôéÜîåé ìüíïò ôïõ, ð÷ ìå xmodmap üðùò
ëÝåé óôï HRI): ôï GRkbd (ç ãåíéêüôåñç ëýóç) , ôï grISOXKb (Ýáí
áðïôý÷åé ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï) êáé ôï kikbd (ãéá ôï KDE).
[1m3.3.1. GRkbd[0m
Ôï ðáêÝôï áõôü áðü ôï ÃéÜííç Ôóáêßñç åßíáé ïõóéáóôéêÜ ìéá óçìáßá ðïõ
áëëÜæåé áðü ôçí ìéá ãëþóóá óôçí Üëëç, üðùò èõìïýíôáé ðïëëïß áðü ôá
windows-3.x. Åßíáé ç ðéï åýêïëç ëýóç ãéá íá Ý÷åôå åëëçíéêÜ óôï Linux
óáò êáé èá ôï âñåßôå óôï metalab óå source ìå ôï üíïìá greek12.tgz êáé
óôïí ÁñãÝá óå binary. Ôï tgz áñ÷åßï ðïõ èá êáôåâÜóåôå, ðåñéÝ÷åé Ýíá
README, êáé Ýíá åêôåëÝóéìï ðïõ èá âÜëåôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï /usr/local/bin.
Ìßá óçìáßá ðïõ áëëÜæåé áðü åëëçíéêÞ óå áããëéêÞ êáé áíÜðïäá óå êÜèå
êëéê, Þ ìå ðÜôçìá ôïõ áñéóôåñïý ALT-SHIFT, èá åìöáíéóôåß óôçí ïèüíç
üôáí ôï åêôåëÝóåôå. ÄéáâÜóôå ôï README.
[1m3.3.2. KiKbd[0m
Ôï KiKbd åßíáé áðü ôïõò Alexander Budnik êáé ÄçìÞôñéï Ìðïýñá êáé åßíáé
Ýíáò êïìøüò ôñüðïò íá Ý÷åé êáíåßò åëëçíéêÜ óôï KDE
(óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé). Äïýëåøå óùóôÜ ìå KDE=1.1.1 êáé Qt=1.42 (áëëÜ ü÷é
1.44).
[1m3.3.3. xgrk[0m
Åðßóçò, åßíáé åí ãíþóç ìáò ç ýðáñîç áõôïý ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ ãéá åëëçíéêÜ:
http://www.softlab.ece.ntua.gr/~sivann/xgrk/ ôïõ Óðýñïõ ÉùÜííïõ, ðïõ
åßíáé êáôÜëëçëï ãéá ðïëëÜ ôýðïõ UNIX ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá.
[1m3.3.4. grISOXKb[0m
Ç ðñþôç Ýêäïóç ôïõ grISOXKb (1997) åßíáé ðñïúüí óõíåñãáóßáò ôùí
ÄçìÞôñç Ìðïýñá êáé ËåöôÝñç ÔóéíôæÝëç. Ôï ðáêÝôï grISOXKb åßíáé
õðåñóýíïëï ôùí ðáëáéüôåñùí GRKbd (ü÷é áõôü ôïõ Ôóáêßñç - áðëÞ
óõíùíõìßá... ) êáé grXiso. Ç version áõôÞ Ý÷åé ðïëëÜ "êáëïýäéá". Ôá
äýï ðéü óçìáíôéêÜ åßíáé:
· ïôé äÝí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé shared object binaries ãéÜ ôï X11R6.1 (XFree86
v3.2) êáé X11R6.3 (XFree86 v3.3 êáé v3.3.1), êáé
· ïôé äïõëåýåé êáé ìå X11 clients ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïõí ãëþóóåò åêôüò ôùí
Áããëéêþí ìÝóù ôïõ compose ôïõ input extension.
Ðåñéóóüôåñá óôï README ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ, êáé óôá áñ÷åßá
docs/INSTALLATION.*:
ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/grISOXKb-1.2.tar.gz
=====================================================================
Apo [ah@computer.org]
Ta tonoymena (; + letter) de moy bgainoyn se shells (ok se xedit).
Den exw akomh brei giati.
To package einai ontws poly kalh prospatheia. Einai akoma ateles.
Leipoyn: tonoymena+dialytika, anw teleia, ellhnika omoiwmatika
(BTW, ola yposthrizontai sto rxvt compiled me greek support).
Epishs: ypothetei oti to keyboard einai ellhniko. Yparxoyn polla kbds
(opws ta UK, IT klp) poy exoyn polla symbols se theseis diaforetikes
apo to ellhniko (eg. @, ", \ klp). Exw hdh kanei patch sto grISOXKb
gia to UK keyboard kai kalo einai na mporei kaneis me COUNTRY-X
keyboard na mporei na kanei type ellhnika xwris na allazoyn oi theseis
allwn symbols.
Mazi me fix twn parapanw to XKB X11 greek support tha einai sxedon teleio.
Ksereis an kai poy exei documentation gia XKB kai compose files.
Kapoios prepei na to teleiwsei. Doyleyei kaneis twra se ayto ?
=====================================================================
[1m3.4. Æþíç þñáò (Timezone)[0m
Ç ÅëëÜäá âñßóêåôáé óôçí Ùñéáßá Æþíç ÁíáôïëéêÞò Åõñþðçò (Eastern
European Timezone,EET), ðïõ åßíáé éóïäýíáìï ìå ôçí þñá Greenwich óõí 2
þñåò (GMT+2), êáôÜ ôçí ÷åéìåñéíÞ ðåñßïäï. Ôï êáëïêáßñé üôáí ãßíåôáé
áëëáãÞ þñáò, ç óùóôÞ äéáöïñÜ åßíáé +0300 (EET DST), üðïõ DST óçìáßíåé
Daylight Saving Time. ÐñïêåéìÝíïõ íá ãßíåôáé áõôüìáôá ç ìåôáôñïðÞ,
êáëýôåñá åðéëÝîôå Europe/Athens. Ôï 1996 Üëëáîå ç çìåñïìçíßá áëëáãÞò
áðü êáëïêáéñéíÞ óå ÷åéìåñéíÞ þñá (áðü ÓåðôÝìâñç, ôþñá ãßíåôáé
Ïêôþâñç). Ïé íÝåò äéáíïìÝò ôïõ Linux ìåôÜ ôï 1996 ôï Ý÷ïõí õð' üøéí
ôïõò áõôü, ïé ðáëáéüôåñåò èÝëïõí äéüñèùóç. Äåßôå ôá åðüìåíá
õðïêåöÜëáéá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï èÝìá.
[1m3.4.1. tzHellas[0m
Dhmhtrhs Bouras: Me to paron 0a h0ela na anakoinwsw ena mini-paketo
pou parexei ena dior0wmeno arxeio gia to Ellhniko timezone, meta tis
allages pou perisy kai fetos (1996) anakoinw0hkan gia tis hmeromhnies
allaghs ths "kalokairinhs" wras. Mazi me auto yparxei kai ena mikro
programmataki pou diabazei tetoia arxeia kai typwnei tis plhrofories
pou periexoun se an0rwpina-anagnwsimh morfh (pws leme "human-readable
form" - h metafrash twn agglikwn orwn dinei kai pairnei, etsi gia na
anatrixiazoun merikoi-merikoi :) :)).
To paketaki (molis 4365 bytes) 0a to breite (entos oligou) sto
ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/tzHellas-271097.tar.gz
Katebaste to kai diabaste to README gia perissotera. Bottom line: to
timezone file "Hellas" pou periexei, parexei swstes hmeromhnies
allaghs wras (symfwna me thn prosfath epishmh anakoinwsh) gia thn
Ellada, mexri kai ton Oktwbrio tou 2001, h mexri na mas alla3oune pali
tis hmeromhnies... :)
[1m3.4.2. EET.zic[0m
=====================================================================
An 8elei na orisei kaneis timezone environment variable, ayth einai h
svsth:
setenv TZ 'EET-2EET DST-3,M3.5.0/3:00:00,M10.5.0/3:00:00'
vraio e? :-)
Pio kala bebaia einai na xrhsimopoioyme to svsto zoneinfo arxeio.
Oi teleytaies ekdoseis toy linux exoyn svsta orismeno
to EET (allakse to 1996).
Oi palaioteres allazoyn thn vra to Septembrio, anti toy Oktvbrioy.
Etsi ftiaxnoyme to parakatv arxeio EET.zic:
----- CUT: EET.zic -----
Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule E-Eur 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 -
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 3:00s 0 -
Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s
----- CUT: END OF EET.zic -----
Meta:
zic EET.zic
(ayto ftiaxnei to /usr/lib/zoneinfo/EET)
/bin/rm -f /var/lib/zoneinfo/localtime
ln -s /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime /var/lib/zoneinfo/EET
=====================================================================
[1m3.5. Åêôõðþóåéò[0m
Óå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï èá ðåñéãñÜøïõìå ðþò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï óýóôçìÜ óáò
þóôå íá ìðïñåßôå íá åêôõðþóåôå åëëçíéêÜ. Áí äåí åßóôå åîïéêéùìÝíïé ìå
ôá âáóéêÜ ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá lpd êáé lpr êáëü èá Þôáí íá óõìâïõëåõôåßôå ôï
Printing-HOWTO ðïõ äßíåé ðïëýôéìåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.
[1m3.5.1. Plain text óå text åêôõðùôÞ ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé åëëçíéêÜ.[0m
ÅÜí ï åêôõðùôÞò óáò ìðïñåß íá ôõðþóåé plain text êáé õðïóôçñßæåé
åëëçíéêÜ, äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êÜíåôå ó÷åäüí ôßðïôá. ÁðëÜ óôåßëôå ôï
êåßìåíï ãéá åêôýðùóç ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ lpr. ÐñïóÝîôå ìüíï ôï èÝìá ôïõ óåô
÷áñáêôÞñùí: âë. êåöÜëáéï ``''. ÅÜí ï åêôõðùôÞò óáò õðïóôçñßæåé
äéáöïñåôéêÞ êùäéêïóåëßäá áðü áõôÞ ðïõ åßíáé ãñáììÝíï ôï êåßìåíï, èá
ðñÝðåé íá ôï ìåôáôñÝøåôå, âë. ``''.
[1m3.5.2. Plain text óå åêôõðùôÞ ðïõ äåí õðïóôçñßæåé åëëçíéêÜ.[0m
Áí ï åêôõðùôÞò óáò äåí õðïóôçñßæåé åëëçíéêÜ, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå
ôï plain text êåßìåíï óå PostScript ìÝóù ôïõ a2ps (âë. ``'') êáé íá ôï
ôõðþóåôå ìÝóù ôïõ Ghostscript. ÅÜí Ý÷åôå ðñïâëÞìáôá, øÜîôå ãéá ôï
a2psgr.
[1m3.5.3. Ôõðþíïíôáò åëëçíéêü PostScript êåßìåíï.[0m
Áêüìç êáé åÜí äåí äéáèÝôåôå åêôõðùôÞ ðïõ íá õðïóôçñßæåé PostScript, ôï
Linux óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ôõðþíåôå ôÝôïéá êåßìåíá ìÝóù ôïõ Ghostscript.
Ôï ghostcript åßíáé Ýíá ðñüãñáììá ðïõ ìåôáôñÝðåé PostScript áñ÷åßá óå
ìïñöÞ ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá êáôáëÜâïõí Üëëåò óõóêåõÝò (åêôõðùôÝò äéáöüñùí
åéäþí, X Windows, fax ê.ë.). Áðü áõôü ôï óçìåßï êáé ðÝñá, "åêôýðùóç
ìÝóá áðü ôï ghostscript" èá óçìáßíåé ìåôáôñïðÞ åíüò PostScript áñ÷åßïõ
óôï format ôïõ åêôõðùôÞ óáò êáé ìåôÜ åêôýðùóç ìå êÜðïéá åíôïëÞ ôçò
ìïñöÞò lpr file.
Ôé èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ãéá íá ôõðþóåôå åëëçíéêÜ áðü ôï ghostview:
· Ðñïìçèåõôåßôå ôï ghostview (åßíáé ôæÜìðá) êáé íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.
· Íá Ý÷åôå åãêáôåóôçìÝíåò åëëçíéêÝò PostScript (type1)
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, êÜðïõ óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò. Ìå áõôü åííïþ üôé ïé
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò áõôÝò ìðïñïýí íá âñßóêïíôáé óå ïðïéïäÞðïôå directory
(ð.÷. êÜðïõ óôï X11R6 tree, ãéá ÷ñÞóç ìÝóá áðü ôá X Windows).
· Íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï Fontmap.
ÄïêéìÜóôå üôé äïõëåýåé óùóôÜ ð÷ ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ: {???}
gs -sDEVICE=deskjet -dNOPAUSE -sOutpoutFile=/dev/lp1 tiger.ps
[1m3.5.3.1. Ôñïðïðïéþíôáò ôï Fontmap[0m
Ôï Fontmap åßíáé ôï áñ÷åßï ðïõ äßíåé óôï ghostscript ðïý èá âñåß ôï
áñ÷åßï êÜèå ãñáììáôïóåéñÜò. Óôï óýóôçìÜ ìïõ âñßóêåôáé óôï
/usr/share/ghostscript/3.33/Fontmap
Áí äåí îÝñåôå ðïý Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï äéêü óáò, äþóôå
find / -name "Fontmap"
Ôï Fontmap áðïôåëåßôáé áðü åããñáöÝò ôçò ìïñöÞò
/Charter-Roman (bchr.pfa) ;
Ç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá äåß÷íåé üôé ç ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ Courier-Roman
âñßóêåôáé óôï áñ÷åßï bchr.pfa.
Ôï ìüíï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êÜíïõìå åßíáé íá ðñïóèÝóïõìå ôéò åëëçíéêÝò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò. Ôá ïíüìáôá ðïõ èá äþóåôå óôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò óáò
ìðïñïýí íá åßíáé ïðïéáäÞðïôå (ð.÷. PanosArialBold) áëëÜ êáëü åßíáé íá
Ý÷ïõí ìßá ëïãéêÞ (ð.÷. ôï PanosArialBold íá ìçí áíôéóôïé÷åß óå ìéá
courier italic ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ !!!). Áí ïé ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò óõíïäåýïíôáé
áðü êÜðïéï áñ÷åßï ðïõ íá ôéò ðåñéãñÜöåé (ð.÷. fonts.scale) êáëü èá
Þôáí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ïíüìáôá ðïõ íá åßíáé áíôßóôïé÷á ìå áõôÜ ðïõ
äßíïíôáé åêåß. Ìðïñåßôå áêüìç íá äþóåôå
strings filename.pfb | more
/FontName /GreekArialBold def
Ðñïóï÷Þ! Ôá ïíüìáôá ôùí áñ÷åßùí üôáí äåí ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí ôï directory
èåùñïýíôáé ðùò âñßóêïíôáé óôï directory ðïõ ôï ghostscript öõëÜåé
ðáñüìïéá áñ÷åßá. Áí ïé ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò óáò âñßóêïíôáé êÜðïõ áëëïý íá
âÜëåôå ïëüêëçñï ôï üíïìá. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá,
/GreekArialPlain (/usr/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1GR/grkarip.pfb) ;
Áí óôÝëíåôå áñ÷åßá ðñïò åêôýðùóç áðü äéÜöïñåò åöáñìïãÝò (ð.÷.
Netscape) åßíáé ðïëý ðéèáíü áõôÝò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí êÜðïéåò default
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôï Netscape èá óôåßëåé ïðïéïäÞðïôå
áñ÷åßï, áíåîÜñôçôá áðü ôçí ãëþóóá ðïõ åßíáé ãñáììÝíï, íá ôõðùèåß ìå
ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò Times êáé Courier. Áõôü èá Ý÷åé óáí áðïôÝëåóìá íá
ôõðþíïíôáé ôá åëëçíéêÜ êåßìåíá óå áêáôáíüçôç ìïñöÞ (ãéá íá ôï ðïõìå
åõãåíéêÜ). Ç ëýóç åßíáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå óôï [1môÝëïò [22môïõ Fontmap åããñáöÝò
ðïõ èá áíôéêáèéóôïõí ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò áõôÝò ìå ôéò åëëçíéêÝò. Ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá ïé ôåëåõôáßåò ãñáììÝò ôïõ äéêïý ìïõ Fontmap åßíáé:
/Times-Roman /GreekTimesPlain ;
/Times-Italic /GreekTimesItalic ;
/Times-Bold /GreekTimesBold ;
/Times-BoldItalic /GreekBoldItalic ;
/Courier /GreekCourierPlain ;
/Courier-Italic /GreekCourierItalic ;
/Courier-Bold /GreekCourierBold ;
/Courier-BoldItalic /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;
Ç ëýóç áõôÞ äåí åßíáé ôï éäáíéêü áëëÜ ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí äïõëåýåé.
[1m3.5.3.2. Fontmap, ðñüóèåôåò ëýóåéò[0m
Ï 'Áããåëïò ×áñßôóçò ìïõ Ýóôåéëå ôéò äéêÝò ôïõ ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ôï
ðñüâëçìá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï Fontmap, êáèþò êáé Ýíá ðñïãñáììáôÜêé, ôï
grpsfilter (äåßôå ðáñáêÜôù), ìå ôï ïðïßï èá ìðïñÝóåôå íá îåðåñÜóåôå ôï
ðñüâëçìá ìå ôï netscape ÷ùñßò íá ðåéñÜîåôå ôï fontmap.
Ta Fontmap aliases poy proteinw (kanei use ta Type1 fonts moy):
Pros to telos toy Fontmap:
===================cut==here=======================================
% ------------------------------------------------------
% Elot greek fonts by Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>
% ------------------------------------------------------
/GreekArialPlain (grkarip.pfb) ;
/GreekArialBold (grkarib.pfb) ;
/GreekArialItalic (grkarii.pfb) ;
/GreekArialBoldItalic (grkaribi.pfb) ;
/Greek-Arial-Plain /GreekArialPlain ;
/Greek-Arial-Bold /GreekArialBold ;
/Greek-Arial-Italic /GreekArialItalic ;
/Greek-Arial-Bold-Italic /GreekArialBoldItalic ;
/Greek-Arial-BoldItalic /GreekArialBoldItalic ;
/GreekTimesPlain (grktimp.pfb) ;
/GreekTimesBold (grktimb.pfb) ;
/GreekTimesItalic (grktimi.pfb) ;
/GreekTimesBoldItalic (grktimbi.pfb) ;
/Greek-Times-Plain /GreekTimesPlain ;
/Greek-Times-Roman /GreekTimesPlain ;
/Greek-Times-Bold /GreekTimesBold ;
/Greek-Times-Italic /GreekTimesItalic ;
/Greek-Times-Bold-Italic /GreekTimesBoldItalic ;
/Greek-Times-BoldItalic /GreekTimesBoldItalic ;
/GreekCourierPlain (grkcurp.pfb) ;
/GreekCourierBold (grkcurb.pfb) ;
/GreekCourierItalic (grkcuri.pfb) ;
/GreekCourierBoldItalic (grkcurbi.pfb) ;
/GreekCourier /GreekCourierPlain ;
/Greek-Courier /GreekCourierPlain ;
/Greek-Courier-Plain /GreekCourierPlain ;
/Greek-Courier-Bold /GreekCourierBold ;
/Greek-Courier-Italic /GreekCourierItalic ;
/Greek-Courier-Bold-Italic /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;
/Greek-Courier-BoldItalic /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;
% Polytoniko Greek fonts
/GreekPolyTimesPlain (grkpolp.pfb) ;
/GreekPolyTimesItalic (grkpoli.pfb) ;
/Greek-Poly-Times-Plain /GreekPolyTimesPlain ;
/Greek-Poly-Times-Italic /GreekPolyTimesItalic ;
===================cut==here=======================================
[1m3.5.3.3. grpsfilter[0m
Na kai to aplo filtro grpsfilter:
-----------------------------grpsfilter-----------------------
#!/bin/sh
# Filter to print greek from Netscape (may be used in printcap)
# (c) 1997 Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>
# NB: You need my postscript greek fonts and proper Fontmap!
#
exec sed -e 's/\/Times\(.* findfont\)/\/Greek-Times\1/g' \
-e 's/\Courier\(.* findfont\)/\Greek-Courier\1/g' \
-e 's/\/Times-Oblique\(.* findfont\)/Greek-Times-Italic\1/g' \
-e 's/\/Times-BoldOblique\(.* findfont\)/Greek-Times-BoldItalic\1/g'
-----------------------------grpsfilter-----------------------
An ftiakseis enan printer `grps' sto printcap poy pernaei ola ta
Postscript mesa apo tï grpsfilter, tote exeis ellhnikh ektypwsh
xwris na "xalaseis" to FontMap.
Profanws to filter doyleyei kai sto cmd line. Apo Netscape print to
a file: test.ps kai meta:
grpsfilter <test.ps | ghostview -
[1m3.6. Ðþò êÜíù mount Ýíá windows partition;[0m
Ðñïûðüèåóç ãéá áõôü åßíáé íá Ý÷åôå êÜíåé compile ôïí ðõñÞíá ìå NLS,
737 êáé iso-8859-7. Aí èÝëåôå íá åíåñãïðïéïýíôáé ôá åëëçíéêÜ ïíüìáôá
ôùí áñ÷åßùí Windows áõôüìáôá óå êÜèå åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, ðñÝðåé
íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå óôï áñ÷åßï fstab óôç ãñáììÞ üðïõ ãßíåôáé mount ôçò
êáôÜôìçóçò ìå ôï vfat ôç ëÝîç default ìå ôçí ñýèìéóç
iocharset=iso8859-7. ÂÜæåé êáíåßò ðáñáìÝôñïõò óôï /etc/fstab ãéá
windows partition ìå åëëçíéêÜ filenames, ð÷:
/dev/hda1 /Win95 vfat rw,user,codepage=737,iocharset=iso8859-7 0 0
Þ ðåñíÜôå ôéò ðáñáìÝôñïõò êáôåõèåßáí óôçí åíôïëÞ mount, ð÷:
mount -tvfat -onoexec,iocharset=iso8859-7 /dev/hda1 /Win95
[1m3.7. Ðþò íá ãñÜøù Ýíá CD óôï Linux;[0m
×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï xcdroast, ðñïóÝîôå üìùò ôï format ðïõ èá äéáëÝîåôå.
Ôï ðáñáäïóéáêü ðñüôõðï ISO9660 äåí ìðïñåß íá ðåñéëÜâåé üëá
÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ðïõ Ý÷åé Ýíá UNIX filesystem üðùò áõôü ôïõ Linux, ôï
ext2. Áíô' áõôïý ôá UNIX Ý÷ïõí ôï Rockridge, ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé
directories ìåãÜëïõ âÜèïõò, ìéêñÜ-ìåãÜëá ãñÜììáôá, ïíüìáôá ìå
ðåñßåñãïõò ÷áñáêôÞñåò (êáé ïé åëëçíéêïß åßíáé ôÝôïéïé ãéá ôá CD),
symbolic links, file permissions êëð. Ôï Romeo/Joliet ðïõ åßíáé ãéá
windows, äåí åßíáé ôüóï êáëü üóï ôï Rockridge (ð÷ äåí ãñÜöåé óùóôÜ
ïíüìáôá ðïõ áñ÷ßæïõí ìå ôåëåßá), ãéá áõôü ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå óôçí áíÜãêç
ôçí ÷áêéÜ "Rockridge+Joliet", äïõëåýåé Üøïãá óôï äéÜâáóìá ôïõ CD óå
ðïëëÜ ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá.
[1mÅÜí áíáñùôéÝóôå ãéáôß äåí äïõëåýåé ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ Linux ðïõ âñÞêáôå[0m
[1móå êÜðïéï CD, åßíáé ðïëý ðéèáíüò ëüãïò üôé äåí åßíáé Rockridge.[0m
[1m4. ÅöáñìïãÝò[0m
ÃåíéêÜ, ïé åöáñìïãÝò ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáé ìå NLS -üôáí õðÜñ÷åé-
êáé ùò "8-bin-clean" ãéáôß ôá åëëçíéêÜ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí êáé ôá 8 bits.
ÅðåéäÞ ç ãëþóóá åßíáé ôá åëëçíéêÜ, èÝôïõìå: [1mexport LANG=el [22m(bash/sh) Þ
[1msetenv LANG el [22m(csh/tcsh). Êáëüí èá åßíáé íá ïñéóôåß ç ìåôáâëçôÞ
ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò LC_CTYPE óå iso_8859_7. ÁõôÞ ç ñýèìéóç ðñÝðåé íá ìðåß
óôï /etc/profile êáé óôï /etc/csh.cshrc ãéá ñýèìéóç óå åðßðåäï
óõóôÞìáôïò Þ óôï /bashrc êáé /cshrc ãéá ÷ñÞóôåò ìå bash/sh êáé
csh/tcsh êÝëõöç áíôßóôïé÷á.
Åðßóçò ôï /.Xdefaults Þ /.Xresources èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéÝ÷åé:
*basicLocale: C
*timeFormat: C
*numeric: C
*displayLang: iso_8859_7
*inputLang: iso_8859_7
[1m4.1. bash[0m
Ãéá bash v.1.13+, ðñïóèÝóôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù óôï /etc/inputrc Þ óôï
/.inputrc, ãéá íá Ý÷åôå åëëçíéêÜ óôï êÝëõöïò (ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí):
set meta-flag on
set convert-meta off
set output-meta on
Ôï ßäéï éó÷ýåé êáé ãéá sh.
[1m4.2. csh/tcsh[0m
export LANG=el_GR
export LC_CTYPE=iso-8859-7
stty cs8 -istrip -parenb (???)
=====================================================================
tcsh :
Put the following in your /etc/csh.cshrc or .tcshrc file
setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_7
stty pass8
Note: If this doesn't work your copy of tcsh was probably not compiled
with NLS support or possibly it's version 6.03 or lower.
ftp://tesla.ee.cornell.edu/pub/tcsh.
ÄÅÍ ÄÏÕËÅÕÅÉ (tcsh 6.06.00 13-5-95, options 8b, nls, dl ,al, sm)(???)
=====================================================================
[1m4.3. ls[0m
Ãéá íá äåßôå ôá áñ÷åßá ìå åëëçíéêÜ ïíüìáôá, åêôåëÝóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ ùò
"ls -N". Ãéá åõêïëßá êÜíôå ôçí alias óôï /.profile Þ âÜëôå ôçí
ðáñÜìåôñï -N óôï $LS_OPTIONS åÜí äåí åßíáé Þäç:
export LS_OPTIONS="$LS_OPTIONS -N"
[1m4.4. more[0m
Ï Ìáíþëçò ËïõñÜêçò, <lourakis@csd.uch.gr> "ðåßñáîå" ôï "more" ãéá íá
äåß÷íåé 928 åëëçíéêÜ, moreH:
ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/moreH.tar.gz
[1m4.5. less[0m
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñïé ôñüðïé ãéá íá äïõëÝøåé ôï less, ï êÜèå Ýíáò ìå
äéáöïñåôéêü âáèìü äõóêïëßáò:
· [1mless -r [22m(raw mode, ìçí ðåñéìÝíåôå ðïëý üìïñöá áðïôåëÝóìáôá)
· [1mset LESSCHARSET="koi8-r" [22m(Ç ðéï åýêïëç ëýóç)
· [1mset LESSCHARDEF="8bcccbcc18b95.b128."[0m
· Ìå [1mõðïóôÞñéîç NLS[22m, âë. ``'' (Ç ðéï "óïâáñÞ" ëýóç)
· Íá ðåéñÜîåé ôï [1mcharset.c [22m(Ãéá äõíáôïýò ëýôåò):
----- CUT HERE - patch.in -----
*** charset.c.orig Thu Aug 7 11:24:42 1997
--- charset.c Thu Aug 7 11:25:02 1997
***************
*** 49,54 ****
--- 49,55 ----
{ "dos", "8bcccbcc12bc5b95.b." },
{ "koi8-r", "8bcccbcc18b95.b128." },
{ "next", "8bcccbcc18b95.bb125.bb" },
+ { "8859-7", "8bcccbcc18b95.b128." }, /* By Antonis Kavarnos */
{ NULL }
};
êáé ìåôÜ: [1msetenv LESSCHARSET "8859-7"[0m
[1m4.6. a2ps[0m
ÕðÜñ÷åé ìßá åéäéêÞ ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ a2ps v4.0 (ascii to postscript),
ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé åëëçíéêÜ, ãñáììÝíç áðü ôïí Ìáíþëç ËïõñÜêç
<lourakis@csd.uch.gr> êáé ôïí ÃéÜííç ÌïõæÜêç <mouzakis@csd.uch.gr>.
Âñßóêåôáé åäþ
ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/a2ps_v4.0-greek.tar.gz {
To standard a2ps tha exei syntoma swsth yposthriksh gia ellhnika. }
[1m4.7. genscript[0m
ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ ôïõ a2ps õðÜñ÷åé ôï [1mGNU enscript[22m, ðïõ èåùñåßôáé êáëýôåñï
êáé ðåñéëáìâÜíåé åðßóçìá õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá åëëçíéêÜ áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç 1.6.0
êáé ìåôÜ. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðçñïöïñßåò äåßôå:
http://www.csd.uch.gr/~lourakis/genscript/
[1m4.8. vi[0m
Ï vi üðùò ôïí ôñÝ÷åôå áðü ôéò ãíùóôÝò äéáíïìÝò èá ðñÝðåé íá äïõëÝøåé
ìå ôá åëëçíéêÜ, ÷ùñßò ôñïðïðïßçóç, åÜí ü÷é, õðÜñ÷åé ï viH (åëëçíéêüò
vi, èá ôïí âñåßôå óôïí ÁñãÝá) êáé ï vim.
=====================================================================
Shmeiwteon oti o vim meta thn ekdosh 4.x exei yposthriksh toy
langmap flag (prepei na ginei compile me ayto to flag - standard builds
den to exoyn synithws). To feature ayto, contributed apo ton
Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>, einai meros toy standard vim
distribution kai oxi aplws ena palio patch.
Apo to documentation toy vim (:help langmap):
langmap(lma):
This option allows support for keyboards that have a mode for a
special language. The idea is that when you are typing text in
Insert mode your keyboard is switched in the special language mode, you
get different key codes for the special characters. When in command
mode the 'langmap' option takes care of translating these special
characters to the original meaning of the key. This means you don't
have to change the keyboard mode to be able to execute normal mode commands.
Exei kai to katallhlo setting gia ellhnika sto documentation.
Nomizw oti einai xrhsimo gia vi users...
++ Isws ena linux .rpm (properly built) tha htan xrhsimo.
=====================================================================
[1m4.9. joe[0m
Ï joe õðïóôçñßæåé åëëçíéêÜ åÜí åíåñãïðïéÞóïõìå 8bit support, åßôå
ôñÝ÷ïíôáò joe -asis, åßôå âÜæïíôáò ôçí ðáñÜìåôñï -asis óôï
usr/(local/)/lib/joerc.
[1m4.10. emacs[0m
Ï Emacs 19+ Ý÷åé äéêü ôïõ ôñüðï íá äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï. Ãé'
áõôü êáé äåí äïõëåýåé ïðïéáäÞðïôå åëëçíéêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç öôéá÷ôåß ãéá ôçí
êïíóüëá [4mêáé[24m ìÝóá óôïí Emacs.
Ç ëýóç åßíáé ôï ðáêÝôï greek-mode.el, ðïõ Ý÷åé öôéÜîåé ï ÓáñÜíôïò
ÊáðéäÜêçò <sarantos@csd.uch.edu>. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, ôï
ßäéï ôï ðáêÝôï ìáò ðáñáðÝìðåé óôçí äéåýèõíóç:
http://www.ics.forth.gr/~sarantos/EMACS+GREEK üðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí ïäçãßåò
åãêáôÜóôáóçò. Ôï ßäéï ôï ðáêÝôï ìðïñåß êáíåßò íá ôï âñåß åýêïëá êáé
óôéò óåëßäåò ôïõ Hellenic Resources Institute (HRI) óôï ôìÞìá ðïõ
áíáöÝñåôáé óå ÅëëçíéêÜ ãéá UNIX.
=====================================================================
emacs :
In version 19.26 or later of GNU emacs you can simply set the
environment variable LC_CTYPE to iso_8859_7 like you do for tcsh
and elm. If you use an older version put the following in your
/usr/lib/emacs/site-lisp/default.el file:
(standard-display-european t)
(set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
(nth 1 (current-input-mode))
0)
Dead key functionality should work under GNU emacs provided you use
GNU emacs v19.30 or higher and XFree86 v3.1.2 or higher, so don't
start researching available elisp packages implementing "electric
keys" or anything like that. If you want to implement European
keyboard conventions in emacs without upgrading the best choice is
probably the remap package available from the AUC FTP server (see
section ``References and FTP sites''.)
=====================================================================
[1m4.11. xemacs[0m
Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé êáíåßò xemacs ìáæß ìå ôï kikbd (åíäå÷ïìÝíùò
ãåíéêÜ), ðñÝðåé íá ïñßóåé äýï ãñáììÝò óôï .xemacs-options:
(global-set-key 'Dacute_accent '"")
(global-set-key 'Ddiaeresis '"")
[1m4.12. pine[0m
Ôï pine ôï ìüíï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé åßíáé íá ïñéóôïýí óáí "alternative
editor" ï joe Þ ï viH. Õðïóôçñßæåé ìüíï 928, áñêåß óôï setup,
configure íá âÜëåé êÜðïéïò character-set= ISO-8859-7 êáé äåí èÝëåé
ôßðïôá Üëëï (ï pico èá äÝ÷åôáé 8bit input).
[1m4.13. elm[0m
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/ akonstan/en/greek/elm-greek.txt
elm: Set the following environment variables
LANG=C
LC_CTYPE=iso_8859_7
Some versions of elm require that you put the following definitions in
your /.elm/elmrc/ file:
charset = iso-8859-7
displaycharset = iso-8859-7
textencoding = 8bit
Kai to palio-kalo elm yposthrizei ellhnika, me ton katallhlo editor.
Epishs yparxei mia nekranasthmenh ekdosh poy yposthrizei kai alla
kaloydia, to elm-me: ftp://ftp.ozone.fmi.fi/KEH
{ -Ìå elm 2.4PL5, ÄÅÍ ÄÏÕËÅØÅ- OXI PANTA TOYLAXISTON (???) }
[1m4.14. metamail[0m
To configure the metamail package for ISO 8859-7 input/output, set the
MM_CHARSET environment variable with "setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-7".
Also, set the MM_AUXCHARSETS variable with "setenv MM_AUXCHARSETS
iso-8859-7" (???)
[1m4.15. telnet[0m
Ôï telnet èá ðñÝðåé íá äïõëåýåé ÷ùñßò ðñüâëçìá. ÅÜí ü÷é, âÜëôå áõôÞ
ôçí ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï /.telnetrc:
set binary true
[1m4.16. rlogin[0m
ÅÜí Ý÷åôå ðñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôï rlogin, äïêéìÜóôå: "rlogin -8" Þ "rlogin
-L".
[1m4.17. xterm[0m
ÔñÝîôå ôï åîÞò: (Þ ïðïéáäÞðïôå åëëçíéêÞ ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ)
xterm -f sc-elot16
Þ áêüìá êáëýôåñá ðçãáßíïõìå óôï áñ÷åßï /.Xresources, êáé ðñïóèÝôïõìå
êÜðïõ (ð÷ óôï ôÝëïò) ôçí ãñáììÞ áõôÞ ìå ôï font ðïõ èÝëïõìå, ð÷
xterm*font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicon-
densed--0-0-75-75-c-0-iso8859-7
[1m4.18. rxvt[0m
Ôï rxvt ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåé íá ãñÜøåé êáé íá äåßîåé óùóôÜ ôá åëëçíéêÜ
÷ñåéÜæåôáé äýï ðñÜãìáôá
1. ÅëëçíéêÝò ÃñáììáôïóåéñÝò óôá ×11, âë. ``''
2. ÊÜðïéåò ðáñáìÝôñïõò óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí, ãéá íá ãõñßóåé óå 8-bit
mode êáé íá ìçí áãíïåß ôï bit ðïõ îå÷ùñßæåé ôá åëëçíéêÜ áðü ôá
áããëéêÜ. Ïé ìáãéêÝò ðáñÜìåôñïé ðïõ êÜíïõí ôï rxvt óáò åëëçíéêüôáôï
åßíáé:
% rxvt -8 -meta 8thbit -font GREEKFONT ...
êáé ìðïñåßôå óáöþò íá ôéò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå [1mìáæß [22mìå ü,ôé ðáñáìÝôñïõò
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êáíïíéêÜ óôï rxvt óáò.
=====================================================================
To rxvt (xterm clone that uses less memory and runs slightly faster)
exei standard support gia full ellhniko keyboard (928 kai 437) poy exw balei
edw kai poly kairo. Download the latest source kai compile me
#define GREEK_SUPPORT
sto feature.h
To rxvt yposthrizei ellhnika se efarmoges poy doyleyoyn mesa sto
rxvt terminal. Yposthrizei full set ellhnikwn (including:
tono-dialytika, anw teleia, ellhnika omoiwmatika).
Epitrepei kaneis na kanei type taytoxrona se 928 kai 437 se 2 katallhla
diaforetika rxvt windows.
Read file README.greek gia leptomereies.
H swsth lysh gia X11 bebaia einai ena complete XKB package poy tha
yposthrizei to plhres set ellhnikwn. Mexri tote to rxvt einai akoma
xrhsimo (epishs gia 737 taytoxrona me 928 keyboard).
++ Isws ena linux .rpm (properly built) tha htan xrhsimo.
=====================================================================
[1m4.19. minicom[0m
Ôï minicom åßíáé Ýíá ðñüãñáììá åðéêïéíùíéþí ãéá modem, ðïõ èõìßæåé
Ýíôïíá Telix. Ç åëëçíéêÞ Ýêäïóç õðïóôçñßæåé 737, ÷ñÞóéìï ãéá íá
ìðáßíåé êáíåßò óå BBS ðïõ äïõëåýïõí êÜôù áðü DOS (ó÷åäüí üëåò ïé
åëëçíéêÝò åßíáé ôÝôïéåò):
ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/minicom-1.75-elf.tar.gz
Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò: <roryt@hellug.gr>
{
Fantazomai minicom mesa se rxvt me 737 font kai encoding tha doylepsei
kanonika xwris tropopoihsh tou idioy toy programmatos (arkei na einai
8-bit clean).
}
[1m4.20. samba[0m
To Samba óôéò ôåëåõôáßåò åêäüóåéò (>=1.9.17 ?) äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôßðïôá
ãéá íá âëÝðïõìå åëëçíéêÜ ïíüìáôá áñ÷åßùí. Óôçí 1.9.18p, äïêéìÜóôçêå
áõôü ìå åðéôõ÷ßá, ôñÝîôå ôï
/usr/doc/packages/samba/examples/validchars ãéá íá äåßôå üôé
õðïóôçñßæïíôáé åÜí Ý÷åôå áìöéâïëßåò.
ÅÜí ðñÝðåé ðñïóèÝóåôå ôá åëëçíéêÜ, èá ðÜôå óôï [global] ôïõ
/etc/smb.conf, íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí ãñáììÞ "valid chars = 0xa0 0xa1
0xa2 ... êëð"
[1m4.21. ispell[0m
Ï ÃéÜííçò ÊáâáêëÞò <kavaklis@hellug.gr> Ý÷åé ôñïðïðïéÞóåé ôï ispell,
ãéá íá õðïóôçñßæåé 928 åëëçíéêÜ. Åðßóçò Ý÷åé Ýíá ëåîéêü óôï ðáêÝôï
áõôü. Ôï FTP site åßíáé:
ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/ispellH.tar.gz ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ
ôïõ ispell õðÜñ÷åé ôï aspell.
=====================================================================
ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/languages/ (???)
ispell - Spell checking in Danish:
First make sure you install version 3.1 instead of version 4.0
of ispell. The latter is obsolete and multiply brain-damaged.
You can download the sources for ispell at the GNU archive at
prep.ai.mit.edu, and you can get a Danish dictionary via FTP
from ftp.iesd.auc.dk in /pub/packages/dkispell/. Follow the
compilation instructions and you should have no trouble (One
caveat: When defining the variables necessary for compilation
you should slightly confusingly tell ispell that Linux is a Sys
V type OS by defining the variable USG.)
When you have installed the Danish dictionary for ispell you
can check the spelling of a Danish language file by executing
the command:
ispell -d danish -T latin1 -w "??????" <your_danish_text_file>
(Note for non-Danish readers: You can find dictionaries for most
Western languages by reading the file Where included with the
sources for ispell.)
=====================================================================
[1m4.22. Midnight Commander[0m
Ç åìöÜíéóç åëëçíéêþí ïíïìÜôùí êáé ðåñéå÷üìåíùí áñ÷åßùí óôï mc
åíåñãïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï ìåíïý Options -> Display bits -> Full 8 bits
output. Ãéá íá ãñÜøåé êáíåßò åëëçíéêÜ óôïí åðåîåñãáóôÞ êåéìÝíïõ êáé ôá
ðåäßá äéáëüãïõ ôïõ mc, ðñÝðåé íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåé óôï ßäéï ìåíïý ôçí
åðéëïãÞ Full 8 bits input. [ N.Christou@S.andB.gr ]
[1m4.23. Staroffice[0m
Ãéá office suite ðñïôåßíïõìå ôï StarOffice 5.1.
Ãéá ôïí åîåëëçíéóìü ôïõ äéáâÜóôå ôï åéäéêü êåßìåíï StarOffice-and-
Greek.
[1m4.24. Netscape[0m
Tá Netscape 3.x & 4.x Ý÷ïõí åããåíÞ (ìåñéêÞ) õðïóôÞñéîç åëëçíéêþí.
Ðñþôá áðü üëá, ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷ïõìå êÜíåé óùóôü Configuration ôùí X
windows þóôå íá "âëÝðïõí" åëëçíéêÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò. Áí áõôü Ý÷åé ãßíåé
ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá êÜíïõìå ôá åîÞò 3 âÞìáôá ãéá íá áðåéêïíßæïíôáé ôá
åëëçíéêÜ ÐÁÍÔÏÕ óôï netscape.
· Íá äçëþóïõìå óùóôü encoding/fonts
· Íá ðåéñÜîïõìå ôá resources ôïõ Netscape
· Íá "öôéÜîïõìå" aliases ãéá åëëçíéêÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò iso8859-1 (íáé,
iso8859-1) êáé Windows-1253 þóôå íá âëÝðïõìå ôá åëëçíéêÜ óôéò
öüñìåò (ôï netscape ìðåñäåýåôáé êáé áðåêïíßæåé ôéò öüñìåò ìüíï ìå
iso8859-1 ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò). Ïé ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò windows-1253
÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ãéáôß ìåñéêïß áíåãêÝöáëïé web masters âÜæïõí åóêåììÝíá
Þ áðü Üãíïéá óôá .html ôïõò: charset=windows-1253
Áñ÷ßæïõìå :
· ¸÷ïíôáò áíïé÷ôü ôï netscape, áðü ôï ìåíïý view->encoding äéáëÝãïõìå
ôï "Greek (ISO-8859-7)" êáé ðÜëé áðü ôï ßäéï ìåíïý ôï "Set Default
Encoding". ÌåôÜ áðü ôï Edit->Preferences, Appearence->Fonts
åðéëÝãïõìå óôï ðåäßï "For the encoding" ôï "Greek (ISO-8859-7)" êáé
óôá 2 lists ðéï êÜôù ôá áãáðçìÝíá ìáò åëëçíéêÜ fonts (ôá helvetica
êáëýôåñá!). ÊÜíïõìå click óôï ÏÊ.
· Óôï directory ôïõ netscape õðÜñ÷åé Ýíá áñ÷åßï Netscape.ad. Åéíáé ôá
Resources. Áí õðïèÝóïõìå üôé ôï netscape Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß óùóôÜ ð÷
óôï /usr/local/netscape, ôüôå åêôåëïýìå óáí "root" ôá ðáñáêÜôù ðïõ
ëåéôïõñãïýí óùóôÜ ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí óôï netscape 4.03. (Ðñïõðüèåóç íá
Ý÷ïõìå ôá fonts -greek-helvetica).
cd /usr/X11/lib/X11/app-defaults
\rm -f Netscape
grep -v 'fontList:' /usr/local/netscape/Netscape.ad >/tmp/Netscape
echo "*fontList: \
-greek-helvetica-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-7" \
>>/tmp/Netscape
grep -v '^*defaultCharset:' /tmp/Netscape >Netscape
echo '*defaultCharset: iso-8859-7' >>Netscape
chmod 644 Netscape
\rm -f /tmp/Netscape
· Óáí root, óôï directory ðïõ Ý÷ïõìå ôá áãáðçìÝíá ìáò åëëçíéêÜ fonts
äçìéïõñãïýìå ôá aliases ùò åîÞò:
cd /usr/X11/lib/X11/fonts/greek
mkfontdir
awk '{printf "%s %s\n", $2, $2}' fonts.dir |sed -e \
's/iso8859-7/iso8859-1/' >>fonts.alias
awk '{printf "%s %s\n", $2, $2}' fonts.dir |sed -e \
's/iso8859-7/windows-1253/' >>fonts.alias
· Îåêéíïýìå ôá X êáé äéáëÝãïõìå óôï
edit->preferences->Appearance->fonts åëëçíéêÜ fonts ãéá ôï charset
'windows-1253' êáé 'iso8859-1'. (íáé åëëçíéêÜ fonts ãéá ôï western
charset iso8859-1!!!!).
Ðëçñïöïñßåò èá âñåßôå åðßóçò óôï: http://www.ntua.gr/help.html
[1m4.24.1. Netscape widgets[0m
lazaros sotiriadis:
A epishs gia na vlepete ellinika se ola ta widgets prepei na dosete ti sosti gramatoseira sto
Netscape.ad i se arxeio pou tha kanete xrdb -merge i sto .Xdefaults tis exhs 4 seires :
*fontList: -*-couriergr-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*XmTextField.fontList: -*-couriergr-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*XmText.fontList: -*-couriergr-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*XmList*fontList: -*-couriergr-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
Etsi tha blepete ellinika se Ola ta widgets se oles tis selides asxetos
an exoun sto source tous charset=windows-1253 kai akoma tha vlepete
ellinika sta bookmarks kai tha grafete fisika se ola ta widgets (p.x http://...)
[1m4.24.2. Netscape fonts[0m
Shmeiwteon to greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz prosferei 3 dynatothtes
gia ellhnika se Netcsape:
* grinet (Type1),
* grtex/grtt,
* helveticagr/couriergr.
Ta Type1 einai to kalytero option (logw oti einai scalable) alla
dystyxws se XFree86 de fainontai toso kala logw kakoy Type1 rasteriser twn XFree.
Se alla unix/X exw anafores oti fainontai poly kalytera.
Polla sites exoyn dymanic font information gia ta keimena opote to Netscape
aytomatws tha dialseksei to katallhlo font. Ayth h praktikh synistatai
se webmasters ellhnikwn keimenwn.
[1m5. National Language Support[0m
To National Language Support (óõíôïìïãñáößá NLS) åßíáé ìßá äõíáôüôçôá
ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ôá ðéï ðïëëÜ UNIX, þóôå íá åíçìåñþíïíôáé ïé åöáñìïãÝò ãéá
ôéò ãëùóóéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç êáé íá ðáñïõóéÜæïõí ôá ìõíÞìáôÜ
ôïõò óôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ãëþóóá.
Ôï NLS ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ðïëëÜ GNU tools, åéäéêÜ áõôÜ ðïõ ôñÝ÷ïõí óå
ðåñéâÜëëïí ãñáììÞò åíôïëþí (Command Line Interface - CLI, äçëáäÞ ôï
ãíùóôü prompt), êáé õðïóôçñßæåôáé ðñüóöáôá êáé óôï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí
(ð÷ KDE). Ç åíçìÝñùóç ôùí åöáñìïãþí ãßíåôáé ìÝóá áðü ìåôáâëçôÝò
ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò, ìå åíôïëÝò ôïõ ôýðïõ LANG="el_GR". Áðü ÍïÝìâñç 1998 ôá
åëëçíéêÜ èá ñõèìßæïíôáé ùò el_GR (ìå âÜóç ôá áíôßóôïé÷á ISO ðñüôõðá),
êáé åëðßæïõìå üôé ç áëëáãÞ áõôÞ èá ðåñÜóåé óýíôïìá óôéò äéáíïìÝò.
Åñãáóßá ãýñù áðü ôï NLS Ý÷åé êÜíåé êáé ï Óßìïò ÎåíéôÝëëçò, äåßôå ôï
Greek-nls-HOWTO êáé áõôü ôï Üñèñï óôï ðåñéïäéêü magaz:
http://magaz.hellug.gr/09/04_nls.html.
ÐÑÏÓÏ×Ç: Ôï ðáñüí êåöÜëáéï åß÷å ãñáöôåß áðü ôïí ÔÜóï ÊÜðéï, óå ìéá
åðï÷Þ ðïõ ôï NLS äåí õðÞñ÷å ðÜíôá óôçìÝíï óôï linux, êáé ôï ðñüôõðï
Þôáí áñêåôÜ áóôáèÝò (ð÷, ìðïñåß íá âñåßôå íá ëÝåé ãéá gr_GR, áíôß
el_GR).
[1m5.1. Ðñïåôïéìáóßá[0m
ÐÑÙÔÁ âëÝðå ðüóåò êáé ðïßåò åßíáé ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò ôçò C ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí
óôï óýóôçìá óïõ. ð.÷.
ttyp3:~#ldconfig -v | grep libc.so
libc.so.4 => libc.so.4.7.2
libc.so.6 => libc-2.0.4.so
libc.so.5 => libc.so.5.4.33
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí 5 êáôçãïñßåò libc êáé äåí åßíáé óõìâáôÝò ìåôáîý ôïõò, üóïí
áöïñÜ ôá locale ðÜíôá. (ÁõôÞ ôçí óôéãìÞ ïé ðéï ðïëëïß Ý÷ïõí ôéò
åêäüóåéò 4 êáé 5)
1. libc 4 ??? (a.out)
2. libc 5.0.9-5.3.12
3. libc 5.4.x
4. glibc 1.x ??? (óáí libc 5 ãéá ìåñéêÝò áñ÷éôåêôïíéêÝò Linux)
5. glibc 2.x.x (libc 6)
[1m5.2. ÅãêáôÜóôáóç Åëëçíéêþí Locale[0m
×ñåéÜæåóôå ôéò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò (localedata), ôïí compiler localedef
êáé ôï äéáãíùóôéêü åñãáëåßï locale.
· ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ôñåéò åêäüóåéò ôùí ôïðéêþí ñõèìßóåùí (ÄéáöÝñïõí åëÜ÷éóôá)
1. Ç ðéï ðáëéÜ áðïôåëåßôáé áðü ôá
ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/WG15-collection/locales/gr_GR (2679 bytes)
ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/WG15-collection/charmaps/ISO_8859-7:1987 (19768 bytes)
ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/WG15-collection/locales/en_DK (101080 bytes)
2. Ç Üëëç, ðéï ðñüóöáôç ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/ ...
/sources/admin/wg15-locale_2.orig.tar.gz (Þ óå äéÜöïñá CDROM ìå
ôï debian) êáé ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá
locales/gr_GR
locales/en_DK
charmaps/ISO_8859-7,1987
(ÐñÝðåé íá äïõëåýåé ìüíï ãéá libc 5.4.x)
3. Ç ðéï êáéíïýñãéá Ýêäïóç âñßóêåôáé åßôå óôï ðáêÝôï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá
ôçò glibc 2.0.5 åßôå óáí îå÷ùñéóôü ðáêÝôï óáí glibc-
localedata-2.0.5 ÕðÜñ÷åé óôï debian (ftp.debian.org),óôï redhat
(ftp.redhat.com) êáé óå mirrors ôçò gnu êáé ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá
gr_GR,en_DK,ISO-8859-7
· Ôá localedef êáé locale õðÜñ÷ïõí óôá ðáêÝôá ìå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá
ôùí libc 5 êáé glibc 2. Åðßóçò êõêëïöïñïýí óå binary ìïñöÞ áðü ôï
debian êáé redhat êáé óáí tar.gz áðü ôçí gnu êáé ç ÝêäïóÞ ôïõò
ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ßäéá ìå ôçí libc ðïõ Ý÷åôå (locale-5.x.y ãéá ôçí
libc 5.x.y êáé ôï glibc-localedata-2.x.y ãéá ôçí glibc-2.x.y)
Ðñþôá ðçãáßíåôå óôïí õðïêáôÜëïãï üðïõ âñßóêåôå gr_GR êáé ôñÝ÷åôå ôçí
åíôïëÞ
>sed -e 's/am_pm "";""/am_pm "<P*><M*>";"<M*><M*>"/' gr_GR > el_GR
(Ãéá äõíáôüôçôá åëëçíéêïý ÐÌ êáé ÌÌ êáé ç áëëáãÞ ïíüìáôïò ãéá
óõìâáôüôçôá ìå ôá X) Êáé ãéá Ýëåã÷ï
> tail -n 5 el_GR | grep am_pm
am_pm "<P*><M*>";"<M*><M*>"
t_fmt_ampm ""
END LC_TIME
Ôþñá óáí root äçìéïõñãÞóôå ôïõò åîÞò õðïêáôáëüãïõò
# mkdir -m 755 -p /usr/share/locale/el_GR/LC_MESSAGES
# mkdir -m 755 -p /usr/share/i18n/charmaps
# mkdir -m 755 -p /usr/share/i18n/locales
# ln -sf /usr/share/i18n/charmaps /usr/share/i18n/charmap
ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå óôá óùóôÜ ìÝñç ôá el_GR, en_DK, ISO-8859-7 (Þ
ISO_8859-7:1987 Þ ISO_8859-7,1987)
# cd (åêåß ðïõ åßíáé ôá localedata)
# cp e?_?? /usr/share/i18n/locales
# cd ../charmaps
# cp ISO[-_]8859-7* /usr/share/i18n/charmaps
# cd /usr/share/i18n/charmaps
# ln -s ISO_8859-7,1987 ISO-8859-7
Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå, áí äåí ôá Ý÷åôå Þäç óå binary ìïñöÞ, ôá locale êáé
localedef. Áõôü ãßíåôáé ðåñßðïõ Ýôóé:
> cd ~/src
> gzip -dc libc-x.y.z.tar.gz | tar xvf -
> cd libc-x.y.z
> ./configure
> make clean; make depend
> cd locale
> make programs
> su -f root -c 'install -m 755 locale localedef /usr/bin'
Êáé ôþñá åßóôå Ýôïéìïé ãéá ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôùí ôïðéêþí ñõèìßóåùí. Óáí
root:
# cd /usr/share
Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå ìéá libc
# localedef -ci locale/el_GR -f i18n/charmap/ISO-8859-7 el_GR
Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå äýï ð.÷. libc-5.4.33 êáé libc-2.0.4
# localedef-2.04 -ci el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
# localedef-5.4.33 -ci el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el
# chmod -cR a+r locale
Ôþñá ðñÝðåé íá õðÜñ÷ïõí áõôÜ êÜôù áðü ôï /usr/share/locale/el_GR (êáé
ôï el)
# ls locale/el_GR
LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MESSAGES/ LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
Ìéá äïêéìÞ. Ãéá êÝëõöïò ôýðïõ csh ð.÷. tcsh:
> setenv LANG el_GR
Ãéá êÝëõöïò ôýðïõ sh ð.÷. bash, ksh:
> LANG=el_GR ; export LANG
ÄïêéìÜóôå:
> locale
LANG=el_GR
LC_CTYPE="el_GR"
LC_NUMERIC="el_GR"
LC_TIME="el_GR"
LC_COLLATE="el_GR"
LC_MONETARY="el_GR"
LC_MESSAGES="el_GR"
LC_ALL=
> locale -c LC_TIME | head
LC_TIME
Êõñ;Äåõ;Ôñé;Ôåô;Ðåì;Ðáñ;Óáâ
ÊõñéáêÞ;ÄåõôÝñá;Ôñßôç;ÔåôÜñôç;ÐÝìðôç;ÐáñáóêåõÞ;ÓáââÜôï
Éáí;Öåâ;ÌÜñ;Áðñ;ÌÜé;Éïýí;Éïýë;Áýã;Óåð;Ïêô;ÍïÝ;Äåê
ÉáíïõÜñéïò;ÖåâñïõÜñéïò;ÌÜñôéïò;Áðñßëéïò;ÌÜéïò;Éïýíéïò;Éïýëéïò;Áýãïõóôïò;ÓåðôÝìâñéïò;Ïêôþâñéïò;ÍïÝìâñéïò;ÄåêÝìâñéïò
ÐÌ;ÌÌ
%a %d %b %Y %T %Z
%d/%m/%Y
%T
(Ç äéáìüñöùóç áëëÜæåé áðü libc óå libc)
Ôþñá ìðïñåßôå íá äïêéìÜóôå ìåñéêÝò åöáñìïãÝò (áñêåß íá Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé
compile ìå ìéá óõìâáôÞ libc)
> unsetenv LESSCHARSET Þ unset LESSCHARSET
> less êáðïéï-êåéìåíï-ìå-åëëçíéêá
> cal
Áýãïõóôïò 1997
Êõ Äå Ôñ Ôå Ðå Ðá Óá
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
Êáé óôï Netscape 4 (ìå libc 5.4.x x > 4 ) áíïßîôå ôï Mail & Discus-
sions êáé èá äåßôå óôï Date ôïõò ìÞíåò óôçí ìÝóç ð÷ 31/08/1997 êáé ôéò
çìÝñåò óôá åëëçíéêÜ. ÔÝëïò :-)
[1m5.2.1. ÅãêáôÜóôáóç Åëëçíéêþí ìçíõìÜôùí äéÜöïñùí åöáñìïãþí[0m
Åäþ õðÜñ÷ïõí äõï áíåîÜñôçôá ðáêÝôá ôï gencat êáé ôï gettext
á)Ôï [1mgencat [22mÝñ÷åôáé ìáæß ìå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôçò êÜèå libc (êÜôù áðü
ôï nls/) Þ óå binary ð.÷. gencat-x.y.z êáé åßíáé åîáñôçìÝíï áðü áõôÞí
üðùò êáé ôï localedef. Ìåôáãëùôôßæåé áñ÷åßá ôýðïõ International
language text (.m) óå êáôáëüãïõò.
â)Ôï [1mgettext[22m, åßíáé áíåîÜñôçôï áðü ôçí libc, êáé õðÜñ÷åé óõíÞèùò óå
mirrors ôçò gnu ð.÷.ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/gnu/gettext-0.10.tar.gz
êáé óôá debian,redhat. (Ãéá íá âñåßôå ìéá ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç ðÜôå óôï
http://las.ml.org øáîôå ãéá gettext) Ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ó÷åäüí üëá ôá
ðáêÝôá ôçò GNU {file,sh,text,net}-utils êáé ðïëëÜ Üëëá ðáêÝôá ð.÷.
(WindowMaker). Ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò äåßôå ôï
ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/gnu/ABOUT-NLS, óôåßëôå ìÞíõìá óôçí åëëçíéêÞ
ïìÜäá óôï el@li.org Þ ãéá íá âïçèÞóôå ìðåßôå óôçí ëßóôá el-
request@li.org ìå ôçí ëÝîç "subscribe" óôï óþìá ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò.
ÁõôÞ ôçí óôéãìÞ, áðü ü,ôé ãíùñßæù, ðëÞñùò åëëçíéêÜ ìçíýìáôá Ý÷åé ìüíï
ôï tcsh 6.07.02 (ìå patches ôïõ debian) êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß, äõóôõ÷þò, ôï
gencat.
[1m5.3. ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ tcsh[0m
ÊáôåâÜóôå ôï [1mtcsh >= 6.07.02[22m. Âñåßôå ôï gencat (ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò
libc,óå binary áðï redhat,debian) Ðñïôïý ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï tcsh. Þ
· Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï config_f.h êáé áëëÜîôå ôï #undef NLS_CATALOGS óå
#define NLS_CATALOGS ÁëëÜîôå áðü üëá ôá åëëçíéêÜ áñ÷åßá nls/greek/*
ôá \",\',\í óå ",',\n áíôßóôïé÷á. ÁëëÜîôå óôï nls/Makefile ôï
GENCAT=gencat óå GENCAT=gencat -new -lang ANSIC Þ
· ÊáôåâÜóôå ôï patch ãéá ôçí Ýêäïóç 6.07.02 áðü ôï debian
(ftp.debian.org/debian/hamm/hamm/source/shells/ )
Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå, åãêáôáóôÞóôå, äïêéìÜóôå ôï tcsh
>make
>make catalogs
>su -f root -c 'make install'
>su -f root -c 'install -m 644 tcsh.greek.cat /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh'
>/bin/tcsh
>setenv LANG el_GR
>unsetenv NOREBIND (ãéá íá áöÞíåé ãñÜöåôå óôá åëëÞíéêá)
>fkjg
fkjg: Ç åíôïëÞ äå âñÝèçêå.
Áí äåí óáò âãÜëåé åëëçíéêü ìÞíõìá ôüôå
· ÅëÝãîôå ôï /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh êáé ôï /bin/tcsh
>ls -l /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47443 Éïýí 12 21:27 /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh
>file /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh
/usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh: data
>ls -l /bin/tcsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 270476 Óáâ Áýã 10:23 /bin/tcsh
>date
Óáâ Áýã 9 10:38 EET DST 1997
· Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï gencat Ýñ÷åôáé áðü ìéá óõìâáôÞ libc
> gencat -V
localedef (GNU libc) 2.0.4
Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Ulrich Drepper.
> ldd /bin/tcsh
libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x40003000)
libncurses.so.4 => /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4 (0x4000a000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x4004a000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40078000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00000000)
Áí ôï ìÞíõìá åßíáé êÜðùò Ýôóé
fkjg: ^Ç ^å^í^ô^ï^ë^Þ ^ä^å ^â^ñ^Ý^è^ç^ê^å.
1. ÅëÝãîôå ôá permissions óôçí /usr/share/locale/el_GR
> ls -l /usr/share/locale/el_GR
total 96
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Éïýí 25 20:40 ./
drwxr-xr-x 68 root root 2048 Áýã 6 10:41 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29156 Éïýí 25 20:36 LC_COLLATE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10428 Éïýí 25 20:36 LC_CTYPE
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Éïýí 25 20:34 LC_MESSAGES/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 95 Éïýí 25 20:36 LC_MONETARY
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Éïýí 25 20:36 LC_NUMERIC
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 536 Éïýí 25 20:36 LC_TIME
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47443 Éïýí 12 21:27 tcsh
2. ÎáíáêÜíåôå compile ôéò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò ìå ôï localedef
3. ÅëÝãîôå ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ localedef êáé ôçò libc þóôå íá åßíáé ßäéåò
> localedef -V
localedef (GNU libc) 2.0.4
Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Ulrich Drepper.
> ldd /bin/tcsh
libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x40003000)
libncurses.so.4 => /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4 (0x4000a000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x4004a000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40078000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00000000)
4. ÊáôåâÜóôå ìéá ðéï ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç ôùí ôïðéêþí ñõèìßóåùí
5. Áíáâáèìßóôå ôçí libc
[1m5.4. Ñõèìßóåéò äéÜöïñùí åöáñìïãþí[0m
Ïé ðéï ðïëëÝò åöáñìïãÝò ôï ìüíï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé åßíáé ôï LANG óå
el_GR.
· X ãåíéêÜ:
á)ÐñïóèÝóôå óôï /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias ôï
el_GR.ISO-8859-7 el_GR.ISO8859-7
â) Ãéá åëëçíéêïýò ôßôëïõò êáé ïíüìáôá åéêïíéäßùí *titleEncoding:
ISO8859-7 *iconNameEncoding: ISO8859-7
· LESS: ÌÇÍ ÄÇËÙÍÅÔÅ ÔÏ LESSCHARSET. Ìå óùóôÜ locale, ôçí óùóôÞ
libc, êáé ôï LANG óå el_GR äåß÷íåé ôá åëëçíéêÜ êáíïíéêÜ.
ÅöáñìïãÝò ìå ìçíýìáôá gettext
(/usr/share/locale/el_GR/LC_MESSAGES/*.mo): Ôï LANGUAGE óå el_GR.
· TCL/TK: Ãéá íá óáò áöÞíåé íá ãñÜöåôå åëëçíéêÜ áëëÜîôå óôï
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/compose.dir áðü iso8859-1/Compose C
óå #iso8859-1/Compose C
· XTERM: ÐÜñôå ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ xterm áðü ôçí Xfree86 3.3 (äéáöÝñåé áðü
ôçí Ýêäïóç ôùí X11R6.3) êáé ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ìå -DI18N.
· SH-UTILS,FILE-UTILS,TEXT-UTILS: ÌåñéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ôïõò èÝëïõí
glibc 2 ãéá äåßîïõí åëëçíéêÝò çìåñïìçíßåò.
· SYSLOGD:???????
· ÄéêÝò óáò åöáñìïãÝò: Ãéá íá ìðïñåßôå íá âÜæåôå ìÝ÷ñé êáé åëëçíéêÝò
ðáñáìÝôñïõò.
#include <locale.h>
.....
setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
.....
>äïêéìç --ïëá
¶ëëåò åöáñìïãÝò êáíåßò;
[1m5.5. ÐñïâëÞìáôá[0m
ÐïëëÜ ;-).
[1m5.5.1. ÐñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôçí C Library (libc)[0m
Ç ÌÅÔÁÃËÙÔÔÉÓÌÅÍÇ ÌÏÑÖÇ ÁÐÏ ÔÁ LOCALEDEF ÊÁÉ GENCAT ÓÕÍÇÈÙÓ AËËÁÆÅÉ
ÁÐÏ LIBC ÓÅ LIBC ÊÁÉ ÅÍÁ ÐÑÏÃÑÁÌÌÁ ÌÅÔÁÃËÙÔÔÉÓÌÅÍÏ ÌÅ ÔÏÕÓ HEADERS
ÌÉÁÓ LIBC ÌÐÏÑÅÉ ÍÁ ÌÇÍ ÌÐÏÑÅÉ ÍÁ ÄÉÁÂÁÓÅÉ ÔÇÓ ÔÏÐÉÊÅÓ ÑÕÈÌÉÓÅÉÓ
ÖÔÉÁÃÌÅÍÅÓ ÁÐÏ ÁËËÇ ÂÉÂËÉÏÈÇÊÇ.
[1m5.5.2. ÐñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôá X[0m
Locale not supported from X library.(Þ êÜôé ðáñüìïéï) ÅëÝãîôå ôá
äéêáéþìáôá óôïõò õðïêáôáëüãïõò
# chmod -cR a+r /usr/share/locale /usr/X11R6/lib/locale
ÅëÝãîôå ôá Xresources êáé øÜîôå ãéá ôßðïôá ýðïðôï
>xrdb -query
ÂëÝðå ðñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôçí âéâëéïèÞêç ôçò C.
[1m5.5.3. ÐñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé üôáí üëá åßíáé óùóôÜ ;-)[0m
Ï äáßìïíáò syslogd áðïèçêåýåé ôá äåäïìÝíá óôá 7-bit êáé ðïëëÝò
åöáñìïãÝò èá ôïõ óôÝëíïõí ôéò çìåñïìçíßåò óôá åëëçíéêÜ ð.÷.ôï PAM ìå
áðïôÝëåóìá ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò íá ìçí ìðïñåßò äåßò ôïí ìÞíá.
ÌåñéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá èá ðåñéìÝíïõí ãéá áðÜíôçóç óå åñþôçóç "yes/no" áíôß
ãéá "y" Þ "n"ôá "í" êáé "ï" áíôßóôïé÷á.
Óôçí êïíóüëá êáëü åßíáé íá Ý÷åôå ìéá ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ
iso-8859-7(ELOT-928). ÅéäéêÜ ìå åëëçíéêü tcsh.
[1m5.6. ÅðéðëÝïí ðëçñïöïñßåò[0m
· Linux Locales Mini HOWTO:
ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/doc/HOWTO/mini/locales
· NLS repository: http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/
· NLS utilities for Linux: ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/nls
· Public domain locale and charmap sources: ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ôá man pages: locale.5 locale.7 setlocale.2
[1m6. Tex/LaTex[0m
Ôï TeX/LateX åßíáé Ýíá óýóôçìá óôïé÷åéïèåóßáò (typesetting), ðïõ
âñéóêüôáí óå åõñåßá ÷ñÞóç óôçí äåêáåôßá 75-85. Åßíáé êáé óÞìåñá
÷ñÞóéìï ãéá ôçí óõããñáöÞ åðéóôçìïíéêïý êåéìÝíïõ, êáèþò õðïóôçñßæåé
ðïëý êáëÜ ôéò ìáèçìáôéêÝò ðáñáóôÜóåéò (ðåôÜîôå ôï word ãéá ðÜíôá), ôá
(ðïëõôïíéêÜ) åëëçíéêÜ êáé ëýíåé ðïëëÜ éäéüñõèìá ôõðïãñáöéêÜ
ðñïâëÞìáôá.
Ôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï TeX/LateX, õðÜñ÷ïõí ðëÝïí óå Ýíá îå÷ùñéóôü HOWTO:
GreekTeXFAQ. Äåßôå ãéá ôá ó÷åôéêÜ êáé ôï êåöÜëáéï ``''.
Ôï TeX åßíáé Ýíá ðñüãñáììá ðïõ Ýöôéáîå áñ÷éêÜ ï êáèçãçôÞò Donald E.
Knuth ôïõ Stanford University, ãéá ôï ãñÜøéìï êåéìÝíùí ìå ðïëëÜ
ìáèçìáôéêÜ. Áñ÷éêÜ ôï TeX äåí õðïóôÞñéæå åëëçíéêÜ, ðáñÜ ìüíï ôá ëßãá
åëëçíéêÜ óýìâïëá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ïé ìáèçìáôéêïß ðïëëÝò öïñÝò ãéá íá
äçëþóïõí ìåôáâëçôÝò óå åîéóþóåéò üðùò:
$ y = \alpha\,x^2 $
üðïõ ôï TeX áíôéêáèéóôÜ ôï \alpha ìå ôï åëëçíéêü "á".
Áõôü üìùò äåí åßíáé êáé ôüóï âïëéêü, ãéáôß ôï TeX ÷åéñßæåôáé êÜðùò
äéáöïñåôéêÜ ôá åëëçíéêÜ óå math-mode (ôï åéäéêü mode ôïõ TeX óôï ïðïßï
ãñÜöåôáé êÜèå åîßóùóç) êáé äéáöïñåôéêÜ óå horizontal-mode ðïõ ãñÜöåôáé
ôï áðëü êåßìåíï. Êáé óáöþò êáíåßò äåí èá Þèåëå íá ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜöåé
ôñáãéêÜ ðñÜãìáôá üðùò:
{$\Epsilon$}$\lambda${$\lambda$}$\'\alpha${$\delta$}$\alpha$.
ìüíï êáé ìüíï ãéá íá ãñÜøåé "ÅëëÜäá".
Ìéá ðñþôç ëýóç Þñèå ìå ôï project BABEL ôïõ TeX-Users-Group, ç ïðïßá
ðåñéãñÜöåôáé ðáñáêÜôù.
[1m6.1. Ôï project BABEL[0m
Ôï project BABEL ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß óå üëá ôá Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-
Network (CTAN) mirrors. Åßíáé óôï directory .../tex-archive/babel/
êáé ç åëëçíéêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç ôïõ BABEL õðÜñ÷åé óôï
.../tex-archive/babel/greek/* .
Ôï project BABEL Ý÷åé öôéá÷èåß êõñßùò áðü îÝíïõò, üìùò, ðïõ äåí
ãñÜöïõí óå "ðñáãìáôéêÜ åëëçíéêÜ", áëëÜ óå greeklish. ¸ôóé, ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá ç ëÝîç "ÅëëÜäá" ãñÜöåôáé óáí:
\GR{}Ella'da\EN{}
Ðïõ åßíáé óáöþò ìéá âåëôßùóç áðü ôï áðáßóéï $...$ êüëðï.
Ìå ôá êáôÜëëçëá ößëôñá ôï BABEL ìðïñåß íá öôéá÷èåß Ýôóé þóôå íá
õðïóôçñßæåé ðñáãìáôéêÜ åëëçíéêÜ, êáé ôåëéêÜ íá ãñÜöåé êáíåßò:
ÅëëÜäá
êáé ôï ößëôñï íá ôï ìåôáôñÝðåé óôï ðñïçãïýìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá, þóôå ôï
BABEL íá äïõëÝøåé óùóôÜ!
[1m6.2. ÐñïóðÜèåéåò åîåëëçíéóìïý ôïõ Tex/LaTex[0m
Óôï ÉÔÕ (Éíóôéôïýôï Ôå÷íïëïãßáò Õðïëïãéóôþí), õðÜñ÷åé Ýíá project ìå
ôï üíïìá GRTeX. ÂëÝðå "ÄéðëùìáôéêÞ åñãáóßá GRTeX, ÓôÝöáíïò
ÌáããáíÜñçò, Éïýíéïò 1989, ÐÜôñá, ÔìÞìá Ìç÷. Ç/Õ êáé Ðëçñ."
Åðßóçò, ï Ã. Óðçëéþôçò Ý÷åé êÜíåé äéðëùìáôéêÞ åñãáóßá óôï Ðáí/ìéï
ÁèÞíáò ãéá ÅëëçíéêÜ óôï TeX/LaTeX.
[1m6.3. Óýíäåóìïé ãéá Tex/LaTex[0m
· http://magaz.hellug.gr/04/05_babel.html 1ï Üñèñï óôï magaz ãéá
åëëçíéêü TeX/LateX
· http://magaz.hellug.gr/08/07_GreekTeXFAQ.html 2ï Üñèñï óôï magaz
ãéá TeX (Ïäçãßåò åãêáôÜóôáóçò - FAQ)
· ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk:/pub/tex/fonts/greek/ Áõôüò åßíáé ï êáôÜëïãïò
ãéá åëëçíéêÜ óôï CTAN
· ftp://obelix.ee.duth.gr/pub/TeX ÊáëÞ óõëëïãÞ ãéá TeX êáé åëëçíéêÜ
· http://obelix.ee.duth.gr/eft/ Óýëëïãïò ÅëëÞíùí ößëùí ôïõ TeX
· http://obelix.ee.duth.gr/eft/Greekinf/ ÄéÜöïñá åñãáëåßá ãéá LateX
· http://ctan.unsw.edu.au/tex-archive/help/greek/greek.faq faq ãéá
åëëçíéêü LateX, áëëÜ ðáëéü (4/94)
Ïé åîõðçñÝôåò ôïõ [1mCTAN [22m(Comprehensive TeX Archive Netowrk) åßíáé:
· ftp.tex.ac.uk (128.232.1.87)
· ftp.dante.de (129.206.100.192)
· ftp.cdrom.com/pub/tex/ctan
· ftp.ee.up.ac.za
[1m7. ÇëåêôñïíéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç êáé âéâëßá[0m
[1m7.1. Linux Documentation Project[0m
Ôï Linux Documentation Project (LDP) åßíáé ìßá ðñïóðÜèåéá íá ãñáöôåß
üëç ç ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ Linux çëåêôñïíéêÜ, êáé íá ïñãáíùèåß åíéáßá. ¼ëá
ôá HOWTO, FAQ, manual pages, Guides áíÞêïõí óôï LDP, êáé âñßóêïíôáé
óôïí êüìâï ôïõ metalab (http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/). Íá óçìåéùèåß
üôé êáé áõôü ôï êåßìåíï åßíáé ôìÞìá ôïõ LDP êáé âñßóêåôáé:
http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO.
ÅðéìÝíåôå åëëçíéêÜ üìùò êáé ðñïôéìÜôå ôïõò êáèñåðôéóìïýò (!) ôïõ LDP:
· http://linux.forthnet.gr/LDP/, Contact: Sotiris
Tsimbonis,tsimbonis@forthnet.gr, Updated: DAILY, Location:
Katerini, Greece
· http://www.ichannel.gr/linux/LDP/, Contact: Dimitris Demiris,
ddemiris@ichannel.gr, Updated: DAILY, Location: Volos, Greece
¼ëï ôï metalab ( ðñþçí sunsite) õðÜñ÷åé êáé óôçí ÅëëÜäá óôï:
http://sunsite.ics.forth.gr/
Ôï ôìÞìá ãéá linux åßíáé: ftp://sunsite.ics.forth.gr/sunsite/linux
[1m7.2. ÐåñéïäéêÜ[0m
Ôï åëëçíéêü on-line ðåñéïäéêü [1mmagaz [22måßíáé ðñþôçò äéáëïãÞò:
http://magaz.hellug.gr.
Ôï [1mLinux Gazette [22måßíáé Ýíá êáëü on-line ðåñéïäéêü óôçí áããëéêÞ ãëþóóá
êáé âñßóêåôáé óôçí äéåýèõíóç: http://www.ssc.com/lg/. Mirror ôïõ
õðÜñ÷åé êáé åäþ: http://www.eexi.gr/mirrors/lg/lg_frontpage.html.
Ôï ìüíï Ýíôõðï ðåñéïäéêü ðïõ êõêëïöïñåß óôçí ÅëëÜäá ãéá ôï Linux,
åßíáé ôï (áìåñéêáíéêü) [1mLinux Journal[22m, ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ôï ðñïìçèåõôåß
êáíåßò áðü ôá ôå÷íéêÜ âéâëéïðùëåßá êáé êáôáóôÞìáôá Ç/Õ, êõñßùò.
[1m7.3. Âéâëßá åéäéêÜ ãéá Linux[0m
[1mMark G. Sobell, A Practical Guide to Linux, Addison-Wesley Pub Co,[0m
[1mISBN: 0201895498 (*) [22mÓõíéóôÜôáé áíåðéöýëáêôá, äåßôå áðü ôï amazon.com
ôï åîþöõëëü ôïõ: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0201895498/.
[1mM. Welsh, L. Kaufman, Running Linux[22m, O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN:
1565921518 (*)
[1mO. Kirch, Linux Network Administrator's Guide[22m, O'Reilly & Associates,
Inc. (*)
[1mLDP, The Linux Bible [22m3rd Edition, Yggdrasil Computing, Inc.
[1m7.4. Unix ãéá Áñ÷Üñéïõò[0m
[1mB.Kernighan, R.Pike, The UNIX programming Environment[22m, 1984, ISBN
0-13-937681-X ÅîÞãçóç ôïõ Unix ãéá áñ÷Üñéïõò. ÐõêíïãñáììÝíï áëëÜ
êáôáíïçôü. Êëáóóéêü âéâëßï ðáíåðéóôçìéáêþí ó÷ïëþí. (*) (**GR)
[1mH. Hahn, A Student's Guide to Unix[22m, McGraw Hill, 1993, ISBN:
0-07-025511-3 ¸íá ðïëý êáëü åéóáãùãéêü âéâëßï ãéá ôï Unix. Óå áðëÞ
ãëþóóá ï óõããñáöÝáò åîçãåß óôïí áñ÷Üñéï üôé èÝëåé íá îÝñåé ãéá ôï Unix
êáé ôï Internet. ÄÅÍ ÁÐÁÉÔÅÉÔÁÉ ÐÑÏÅÌÐÅÉÑÉÁ (*)
[1mM. Waite, D. Martin e S. Prata, The Waite Group's Unix System V[0m
[1mPrimer[22m, Sams, 1992, ISBN: 0-672-30194-6 ¸íá åîáßñåôï åã÷åñßäéï ãéá
Unix/SVR4. (**GR)
[1mD. Libes, S. Ressler, Life with Unix - A Guide for Everyone[22m, Prentice
Hall, 1990, ISBN: 0-13-536657-7 ÏôéäÞðïôå èá èÝëáôå íá ìÜèåôå ãéá ôï
Unix. ÐåñéÝ÷åé äõóåýñåôåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.
[1m7.5. Unix ãéá Ðñï÷ùñçìÝíïõò[0m
[1mM. J. Bach, The design of the Unix operating system[22m, Prentice-Hall
International, 461 pp, ISBN: 0-13-201757-1 Óýìöùíá êáé ìå ôïí ôßôëï
ôïõ, ðåñéãñÜöåé ôçí ó÷åäßáóÞ ôïõ Unix óå âÜèïò.
[1mP. Abrahams, B. Larson, Unix for the Impatient[22m, Addison Wesley, 1995,
ISBN: 0-201-55703-7 Êåßìåíï áíáöïñÜò óôï Unix, óõíïðôéêü áëëÜ êáé
ðëÞñåò. Åßíáé êáôÜëëçëï ãéá íá âñßóêåé êáíåßò ãñÞãïñá êáé ìå áêñßâåéá,
áðáíôÞóåéò óå ðñïâëÞìáôá. (*)
[1mW.R. Stevens, Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment[22m, Addison
Wesley, 1996, ISBN: 0-201-56317-7 Ôï êáôÜëëçëï âéâëßï ãéá üðïéïí èÝëåé
íá ðñïãñáììáôßóåé óôï Unix. (*)
[1mW.R. Stevens, UNIX Network Programming[22m, Addison Wesley, 1996, ISBN:
0-13-90012-X ÅÜí óêÝöôåóôå íá áó÷ïëçèåßôå ìå ðñïãñáììáôéóìü óå äßêôõï
(ð÷ Internet, TCP/IP) Þñèå ç þñá íá áãïñÜóåôå áõôü ôï âéâëßï. (*)
[1m7.6. Äéá÷åßñéóç ÓõóôÞìáôïò[0m
[1mE. Nemeth, G. Snyder, S. Seebass, Unix System Administration Handbook[22m,
Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN: 0-13-933441-6 Êëáóóéêü âéâëßï, âßâëïò ôïõ
äéá÷åéñéóôÞ (*)
[1mD. r, B. Hunter, B. Smith, Unix System V Release 4 Administration[22m,
Hayden, 1991, ISBN: 0-672-22810-6 Ó÷ïëéÜæåôáé ùò ôï áðáñáßôçôï âéâëßï
ãéá ôçí ïñãÜíùóç åíüò ðñáêôéêïý, áðïäïôéêïý êáé ðáñáãùãéêïý Unix.
[1mAEleen Frisch, Essential System Administration 2nd Edition[22m, O'Reilly &
Associates, 1996, ISBN 15659212755 ¸íá åîáéñåôéêü âéâëßï ãéá
Äéá÷åßñéóç ÓõóôÞìáôïò ìå ðïëëÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò åéäéêÜ ãéá ôï Linux. (*)
[1m7.7. ÁóöÜëåéá ÓõóôÞìáôïò óôï Unix[0m
[1mS. Garfinkel, G. Spafford, Practical Unix Security and Internet[22m,
O'Reilly, 1996, ISBN: 0-937175-72-2 ¼ëá ôá áðáñáßôçôá ìÝôñá ãéá íá
êÜíåôå ôï óýóôçìÜ óáò üóï ôï äõíáôüí áóöáëÝóôåñï. (*)
[1m7.8. Unix êáé Internet[0m
[1mAA.VV., Building a Unix Internet Server[22m, New Riders, ISBN:
1-56205-494-5 ÐåñéÝ÷åé CD ìå üëá ôá ÷ñÞóéìá åñãáëåßá, ãéá ôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç åíüò Internet Server.
[1mQue, Running perfect internet site with linux[22m, U. Hoepli ed., 1995,
ISBN 0789705141
[1m7.9. ÅëëçíéêÜ âéâëßá ãéá ôï UNIX[0m
¼óá âéâëßá áðü ôá ðáñáðÜíù åßíáé ìå (*), õðÜñ÷ïõí óôçí ÅëëÜäá, áí êáé
áìåôÜöñáóôá. ¼óá âéâëßá áðü ôá ðáñáðÜíù åßíáé ìå (**GR), õðÜñ÷ïõí
óôçí ÅëëÜäá ìåôáöñáóìÝíá. Êáëýôåñá âÝâáéá ñùôÞóôå óôá âéâëéïðùëåßá
ãéá óéãïõñéÜ (âë. ``'')
[1m8. Ôï Linux óôçí ÅëëÜäá[0m
Ïé åíåñãïß ¸ëëçíåò ÷ñÞóôåò ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ðëÝïí ðÜíù áðü ÷ßëéïé (Ïêô.
98) êáé Ý÷ïõí ó÷çìáôßóåé Ýíá äßêôõï ìåôáîý ôïõò, ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé
êüìâïõò FTP, news hosts ìå ïìÜäåò óõæçôÞóåùí, IRC channels êáé
ðñïóùðéêÝò óåëßäåò óôï Internet. Ôá ðéï óçìáíôéêÜ óçìåßá ðïõ ðñÝðåé
êáíåßò íá åðéóêåöôåß åßíáé ôïí êåíôñéêü åëëçíéêü êüìâï www.linux.gr
êáé ôéò óåëßäåò ôïõ íïìéêÜ áíáãíùñéóìÝíïõ óõëëüãïõ Hellug, óôçí
äéåýèõíóç www.hellug.gr. Ôï -ðåñßðïõ ìçíéáßï- ðåñéïäéêü magaz åßíáé
åíäåéêôéêü ôùí åðéôõ÷çìÝíùí åëëçíéêþí ðñïóðáèåéþí: magaz.hellug.gr.
[1m8.1. Ëßóôåò êáé ïìÜäåò óõæçôÞóåùí (Newsgroups)[0m
Ç ôáêôéêÞ åðéêïéíùíßá EëëÞíùí ãéá ôï Linux ãßíåôáé áðü ôçí
[1mlinux.greek.users[22m, áñ÷éêÜ öôéáãìÝíç ìå ðñùôïâïõëßá ôïõ ÃéÜííç ÉùÜííïõ,
óôïí ÁñãÝá (ôüôå argeas.argos.hol.gr, íõí argeas.hellug.gr) êáé ôþñá
ôñÝ÷åé óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ôïõ óõëëüãïõ, ÅðåéäÞ ôçí ëßóôá ôçí äéáâÜæïõí
ðïëëïß, ðïõ ðéèáíüí äåí Ý÷ïõí åëëçíéêÜ, åßíáé êáëÞ ôáêôéêÞ íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé greeklish:
ayta edv, as poume, einai greeklish.
ÕðÜñ÷åé êáé list-news gateway ôçò [1mlinux.greek.users [22móôçí äéåýèõíóç:
news://edessa.topo.auth.gr/local.linux.greek.users Ôï gateway
÷ñçóéìåýåé ãéá íá óõììåôÝ÷åé êáíåßò êáé íá âëÝðåé ôá èÝìáôá ÷ùñßò íá
÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ãñáöôåß. Ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ, êáé åðáíÝëèåôå üôáí Ý÷åôå
áðïñßåò. ÕðÜñ÷åé êáé META FAQ óôçí äéåýèõíóç http://linux.forth-
net.gr/~stsimb/linux/meta-faq.html.
Åêôüò áðü ôçí [1mlinux-greek-users[22m, õðÜñ÷åé êáé ç [1mlinux-howto[0m
(áðïêëåéóôéêÜ ãéá üóïõò óõíôçñïýí êåßìåíá ôïõ linux óôá åëëçíéêÜ Þ
áíáëáìâÜíïõí íá åêôåëÝóïõí êÜðïéåò åñãáóßåò) êáé ç [1mhellug [22m(ó÷åôéêÜ ìå
ôïí ðáíåëëÞíéï óýëëïãï).
Ç óåëßäá ìå ôçí ëßóôá ôùí ëéóôþí ìáò åßíáé óôï
http://lists.hellug.gr/,
[1m8.2. IRC[0m
IRC channel, ÷ñÞóéìï ãéá Üìåóåò åñùôÞóåéò êáé óõæçôÞóåéò, åßíáé ôï
[1m#linux-gr[22m. Ç óåëßäá ôïõ åßíáé http://www.co.umist.ac.uk/~vp/irc/
ÁëÞèåéá åßíáé üôé ôï êáíÜëé åßíáé óõ÷íÜ ÷ùñßò ðïëõêïóìßá, óå ôÝôïéá
ðåñßðôùóç ðñïôéìÞóôå ôçí linux-greek-users.
[1m8.3. Fidonet[0m
Óôï Fidonet, õðÜñ÷åé ç ó÷åôéêÞ ïìÜäá óõæÞôçóçò "gr.unix", ðïõ óõíÞèùò
Ý÷åé êáé postings ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï Linux. Ôçí ïìÜäá áõôÞ, ìðïñåß íá ôçí
ðáñáêïëïõèÞóåé êáíåßò, áðü ôéò BBS åëëçíéêïý Fidonet (âë.
http://www.fidonet.gr) Ðñïóï÷Þ èÝëåé ôï üôé ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò óõíáíôÜìå
737 åëëçíéêÜ Þ/êáé flames.
Êáé åäþ õðÜñ÷åé fido-news gateway: news://news.fidonet.gr/fido.gr.unix
êáé news://edessa.topo.auth.gr/fido.gr.unix
[1m8.4. ÏìÜäåò ÅëëÞíùí ×ñçóôþí ôïõ Linux[0m
Ï óýëëïãïò HELLUG åßíáé de facto ï ðáíåëëÞíéïò óýëëïãïò ôùí ÷ñçóôþí
ôïõ Linux. Îåêßíçóå óôçí ÁèÞíá áðü ôïí Êþóôá ÂëÜóóç ìå áõôÝò ôéò
óåëßäåò óôçí compulink: http://www.compulink.gr/linux/.
Ìç åðßóçìá áíáãíùñéóìÝíåò ïìÜäåò õðÜñ÷ïõí óôçí Èåóóáëïíßêç (TheLUG)
êáé ôçí ÐÜôñá (PLUG). Ïé ïìÜäåò åßíáé áíïé÷ôÝò óå íÝá ìÝëç êáé
åíäéáöåñüìåíïõò ãéá ôï Linux.
ÅÜí åíäéáöÝñåóôå ãéá ôçí äçìéïõñãßá åíüò LUG óôçí ðåñéï÷Þ óáò,
äéáâÜóôå ðñþôá áõôü: http://www.ntlug.org/archive/lug-
howto/index.html.
[1m8.4.1. HELLUG[0m
Ï óýëëïãïò ÅëëÞíùí ×ñçóôþí êáé Ößëùí Linux HELLUG åßíáé Ýíáò ìç
êåñäïóêïðéêüò, íïìéêÜ áíáãíùñéóìÝíïò óýëëïãïò áðü ôïí ÍïÝìâñéï ôïõ
1998. ¼óïé áó÷ïëïýíôáé ìå ôï Linux óôçí ÅëëÜäá, åßíáé êáëü íá åßíáé
ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí åíçìåñùìÝíïé ãéá ôçí ýðáñîÞ ôïõ. Ï óýëëïãïò åíèáññýíåé
ïðïéáäÞðïôå ðñïóðÜèåéá ðñïþèçóçò ôïõ Linux, êáé åßíáé ðñüèõìïò ãéá
óõíåñãáóßá ìå åôáéñåßåò Þ éäéþôåò ãéá ôçí ðñïþèçóç ôïõ Linux óôçí
ÅëëÜäá êáé ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ãýñù áðü áõôü.
Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò äåßôå: http://www.hellug.gr
[1m8.4.2. PLUG[0m
Óôçí ÐÜôñá, óôï ôìÞìá Ìç÷áíéêþí Ç/Õ êáé ÐëçñïöïñéêÞò, åäñåýåé ôï PLUG
(Patras Linux Users Group).
http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~glavas/linux/
[1m8.4.3. TheLUG[0m
Óôçí Èåóóáëïíßêç, õðÜñ÷åé ôï TheLUG, ðïõ åäñåýåé óå ...ôáâÝñíá. Äåßôå
óôï http://hal.csd.auth.gr/thelug/
[1m8.5. Åãþ ðþò ìðïñþ íá âïçèÞóù[0m
Êáô' áñ÷Þ øÜ÷íïíôáò êáé äéáâÜæïíôáò ðñþôá êáé ìåôÜ ñùôþíôáò, ãéáôß
êáíåßò äåí Ý÷åé êáéñü ãéá ÷Üóéìï. Áöïý âñåßôå ìéá ëýóç ðïõ äåí åßíáé
ãíùóôÞ, ðáñáêáëïýìå åíçìåñþóôå êáé ôïõò õðüëïéðïõò.
Ïé ðëÝïí óçìáíôéêÝò åñãáóßåò åßíáé:
· Lexis, Ëåîéêü ïñïëïãßáò ðëçñïöïñéêÞò (Áããëïåëëçíéêü, ãéá
ïìïéïãÝíåéá ìåôáöñÜóåùí)
· ÅëëçíéêÜ HOWTOs, FAQs êáé áíôßóôïé÷ç ôåêìçñßùóç
· Åîåëëçíéóìüò ôïõ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò êáé ôùí ìõíçìÜôùí ôïõ KDE, GNOME
· ÕðïóôÞñéîç åëëçíéêþí ìÝóù NLS
· Åîåëëçíéóìüò äéáíïìþí, óùóôÞ õðïóôÞñéîç åëëçíéêþí. Ôï Suse
âñßóêåôáé Þäç óå êáëï äñüìï.
Äåßôå óôï http://server.hellug.gr/LUGistics/el/pub/PRJ_main.php3
ãéá áíáëõôéêüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò. ÅÜí ðéóôåýåôå üôé åßóôå óå èÝóç íá
óõíåéóöÝñåôå óå êÜðïéï áðü ôá ðáñáðÜíù, ðáñáêáëïýìå êÜíôå ôï.
Åßíáé ðïëý óçìáíôéêü åÜí âñåßôå ôçí ëýóç óå êÜðïéï ðñüâëçìá êáé äåí
áíáöÝñåôáé óôïí êþäéêá Þ óôçí ôåêìçñßùóç (ð÷ óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï), íá
áíáôñÝîåôå óôïí áíôßóôïé÷ï óõããñáöÝá êáé íá ôïí åíçìåñþóåôå, Þ íá
ãñÜøåôå Ýíá äéêü óáò Üñèñï ãéá ôï magaz Þ áêüìá êáé HOWTO ôï ïðïßï èá
ðñÝðåé íá ìáò óôåßëåôå óôï Hellug, ãéá íá ìðåé ìáæß ìå ôá Üëëá
åëëçíéêÜ êåßìåíá.
ÅÜí ðñüêåéôáé ãéá áëëáãÞ óå êÜðïéï ðñüãñáììá (ð÷ 8bit patch),
áðåõèõíèåßôå óôïí ó÷åôéêü ðñïãñáììáôéóôÞ, Þ åôïéìÜóôå ìßá compiled
Ýêäïóç ãéá ôïí ftp server ôïõ Hellug. Ðñïóðáèåßóôå íá êÜíåôå üóïí ôï
äõíáôüí ðéï ïëïêëçñùìÝíç äïõëåéÜ êáé áêïëïõèåßóôå ôá ðñüôõðá êáé
ìåèüäïõò ðïõ áêïëïõèïýí üëïé ïé Üëëïé.
[1m8.6. Internet Sites[0m
[1m8.6.1. WWW[0m
· http://www.linux.gr
· http://www.hellug.gr
· http://magaz.hellug.gr
[1m8.6.2. FTP[0m
Åðßóçìï ðëÝïí [1mFTP site [22mãéá üôé áöïñÜ ¸ëëçíåò êáé ÅëëçíéêÜ óôï Linux
ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/
Ãéá äéáíïìÝò ôïõ Linux äåßôå:
· FTP.LINUX.GR - /pub/
· NTUA - /pub/linux
· Forthnet - /pub/linux
· Compulink /pub/linux
[1m8.6.3. Êüìâïé ôçò ÁëëïäáðÞò :-)[0m
· http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/ Åäþ óôåãÜæåôáé ôï Linux Documentation
Project, ôï êåíôñéêü óçìåßï ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ Linux
· http://www.linux.org/ Áõôü åßíáé ôï linux.org. ÈåùñçôéêÜ èá Ýðñåðå
áðü åäþ íá ðçãáßíåé êáíåßò ãñÞãïñá ïðïõäÞðïôå, áëëÜ áõôü äåí
óõìâáßíåé ðÜíôá óôçí ðñÜîç. Åßíáé âÝâáéá Ýíá ðïëý óçìáíôéêü site.
· http://www.linux.eu.org/ Ôï ðáíåõñùðáúêü äßêôõï êüìâùí.
· http://www.li.org/ Åäþ âñßóêåôáé ôï Linux International, ìÝëç ôïõ
åßíáé (ìåãÜëåò) åôáéñåßåò ðëçñïöïñéêÞò
· http://www.linuxnow.com/ Ï êüìâïò áõôüò åßíáé êáéíïýñéïò êáé áñêåôÜ
ïñãáíùìÝíïò. ÐåñéÝ÷åé SOFTWARE, HOWTOs, FAQs, êëð.
· http://www.ssc.com/lj/ Ç óåëßäá ôïõ Linux Journal, ìçíéáßïõ
áìåñéêáíéêïý ðåñéïäéêïý ãéá ôï Linux
· http://www.ssc.com/lg/ Ç óåëßäá ôïõ Linux Gazette, ìçíéáßïõ
çëåêôñïíéêïý ðåñéïäéêïý ãéá ôï Linux
· http://www.linuxmall.com/ Áõôüò ï êüìâïò åßíáé Ýíá åìðïñéêü êÝíôñï
áöéåñùìÝíï óôï Linux.
· Yahoo.com->computers->operating_systems->Linux Ç óåëßäá ôïõ
èåìáôéêïý åõñåôçñßïõ ôïõ Yahoo ãéá ôï Linux. ¸÷åé áñêåôÜ ðñÜãìáôá.
[1m8.7. ÄéáíïìÝò êáé CD[0m
Ôï Linux åðåéäÞ åßíáé öôéáãìÝíï áðü ðïëëïýò êáé ÷ùñßò êåíôñéêÞ
ïñãÜíùóç, äéáèÝôåé ðïëëÝò "äéáíïìÝò" (distributions), êÜèå ìéá ìå ôá
äéêÜ ôçò ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ êáé ü÷é áðáñáßôçôá êáëýôåñç óå üëá áðü ôéò
õðüëïéðåò:
· [1mSlackware [22mÐáëáéüôåñá Þôáí ç ðéï óõíçèéóìÝíç. Ç ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç
(5/99) åßíáé ç 3.6, äåßôå http://www.slackware.org
· [1mRedhat [22m¸÷åé ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí åãêáôÜóôáóçò êáé åßíáé ðéï ðïëý ãéá
áñ÷Üñéïõò. Åðßóçò ç åãêáôÜóôáóç åêêéíåßôáé åýêïëá áðü DOS,
ãñÜöïíôáò áðëÜ REDHAT. ÌåãÜëç åõêïëßá åßíáé ôï RPM ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé
åýêïëç (áð)åãêáôÜóôáóç åöáñìïãþí. ÂëÝðå http://www.redhat.com
· [1mDebian [22mËÝãåôáé êáé GNU/Linux êáé éäéáßôåñï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü åßíáé üôé
åßíáé õðü ôçí åðßâëåøç ôçò GNU. Äåßôå: http://www.debian.org
· [1mHellenic [22mÅëëçíéêÞ äéáíïìÞ, áðü ôçí Synaptic Ltd "Software
Development & Trade". Ç äéáíïìÞ áõôÞ Ý÷åé åîáíôëçèåß êáé åßíáé
ó÷åôéêÜ ðáëéÜ.
· [1mOpenLinux [22mÁðü ôçí Caldera, áñêåôÜ óïíáñÞ äéáíïìÞ ìå ìåãÜëç áðÞ÷çóç
óôçí ÁìåñéêÞ. Äåßôå
http://www.calderasystems.com/products/openlinux
· [1mYggdrasil [22mÔï ðñþôï plug-n-play Linux. Äåßôå:
http://www.yggdrasil.com
· [1mSuse [22mÇ ðéï ìåãÜëç óå ðùëÞóåéò óôçí Åõñþðç. ÕðÜñ÷åé óå ãåñìáíéêÞ,
áããëéêÞ, éôáëéêÞ, ãáëëéêÞ distribution. Äåßôå: http://www.suse.de/e
Áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç 6.0 êáé ìåôÜ Ý÷åé õðïóôÞñéîç åëëçíéêþí åíóùìáôùìÝíç,
áêüìá êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç óôá åëëçíéêÜ.
Áðü ôéò äéáíïìÝò áõôÝò ðñïêýðôïõí êáé ôá áíôßóôïé÷á CD:
· Walnut Creek (http://www.cdrom.com) ¸÷åé ôï Slackware.
· Redhat (http://www.redhat.com) ¸÷åé ôçí ïìþíõìç äéáíïìÞ. Ôåëåõôáßá
Ýêäïóç ç 6.0
· SuSe (http://www.suse.com) ¸÷åé ôçí ïìþíõìç äéáíïìÞ. Ôåëåõôáßá
áããëéêÞ Ýêäïóç ç 6.3 (Íïåìâñßïõ 1999)
· Infomagic http://www.infomagic.com ¸÷åé ôá ðáñáðÜíù, ôçí Debian ÊÁÉ
ôïõò êáôáëüãïõò ôïõ metalab.unc.edu êáé tsx-11.mit.edu. ËÝãåôáé
"Linux Developer's Resource" åßíáé ëßãï áðü üëá êáé Ý÷åé 6 CD.
[1m8.8. Âéâëéïðùëåßá êáé äéáíïìåßò ôùí CD[0m
Ôï Linux óå CD ôï âñßóêåé êáíåßò óôá åîÞò êáôáóôÞìáôá:
ÁÈÇÍÁ:
· STEP, ÁêôÞ Ìïõôóïðïýëïõ 36, ÔÊ18536, ÐåéñáéÜò, 4181239, Å÷åé ôï
Suse Linux (http://www.step.gr)
· Ðáðáóùôçñßïõ Á.Å., ÓôïõñíÜñç 3, ÔÊ10682, ÁÈÇÍÁ, 3809821, 3848254
(http://www.papasotiriou.gr)
· Ðáðáóùôçñßïõ Á.Å., Êïëïêùôñþíç 10, Åìð. ÊÝíôñï ÊåñáóéÝò ÊçöéóéÜò,
6231854
· Åêäüóåéò ÊëåéäÜñéèìïò, ÓôïõñíÜñç 37, ÔÊ10682, ÁÈÇÍÁ, 3829629,
3841021, 3300104 (http://www.klidarithmos.gr)
· Vertigo ÅÐÅ, ÌðïôÜóç 6, ÔÊ10682, ÁÈÇÍÁ, 3824536, 3806801 (+FAX)
ÈÅÓÓÁËÏÍÉÊÇ:
· Informatics Services Application, ÄùäåêáíÞóïõ 61, ÔÊ55131,
ÊáëáìáñéÜ, 031-424512, (http://www.suse.gr)
· ÌáëëéÜñçò Ðáéäåßá, ÁñéóôïôÝëïõò 9 (http://www.malliaris.gr)
· Ðáðáóùôçñßïõ Á.Å., Åèí. Áìýíçò 40, 243660
ÐÁÔÑÁ:
· Ðáðáóùôçñßïõ Á.Å., Ìáéæþíïò 58, ÔÊ 26221, 061-624918, 061-624917
Ç ðáñáðÜíù ëßóôá åíäå÷ïìÝíùò äåí åßíáé ðëÞñçò. ÅÜí ãíùñßæåôå
êÜðïéá óôïé÷åßá ðïõ ìïõ åßíáé Üãíùóôá Þ áíáêñéâÞ, ðáñáêáëþ
åíçìåñþóôå ìå.
[1m9. FAQ[0m
[1m9.1. Ðþò îåêßíçóå ôï Linux;[0m
Ôï Linux åßíáé ïõóéáóôéêÜ ìüíï ï ðõñÞíáò ôïõ Ëåéôïõñãéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò,
êáé îåêßíçóå ôï 1990 áðü Ýíáí öéíëáíäü öïéôçôÞ ôïí Linus Torvalds, óáí
ïìáäéêÞ ðåéñáìáôéêÞ éäÝá óôïí ôüôå êáéíïýñéï 386. Ôá õðüëïéðá ôá
ãíùñßæåôå...
[1m9.2. Ôé ëüãïõò Ý÷ù ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóù ôï Linux;[0m
ÅÜí èÝëåôå Ýíá áîéüðéóôï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá, ìå êáëÞ áðüäïóç, ÷ùñßò
êïëëÞìáôá êáé ðëçèþñá åöáñìïãþí êáé äåí öïâÜóôå Ýíá êáéíïýñéï
ðåñéâÜëëïí åñãáóßáò, ôüôå ôï Linux åßíáé ãéá åóÜò. Ìðïñåßôå ð÷ ìå
?.000äñ÷ íá ôï áãïñÜóåôå óå 6 CD, ìáæß ìå ôéò ðïëëÝò åöáñìïãÝò ôïõ, Þ
íá äþóåôå êÜôé ðáñáðÜíù ãéá íá ðÜñåôå ìéá åýêïëç óôï óôÞóéìï äéáíïìÞ
ìáæß ìå åã÷åéñßäéï ÷ñÞóçò.
Ôï Linux åßíáé Ýíá êáèáñÜ 32bit Ëåéôïõñãéêü Óýóôçìá, ìå
ðïëõåðåîåñãáóôéêÝò (multitasking) äõíáôüôçôåò. Óôçí ðñÜîç áõôü
óçìáßíåé, üôé ìðïñåßôå íá ôñÝ÷åôå ðïëëÝò åöáñìïãÝò ôáõôü÷ñïíá, ÷ùñßò
êßíäõíï íá "êñåìÜóåé" ï õðïëïãéóôÞò. Ôï Linux Ý÷åé:
· êáëýôåñç áîéïðïßçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áðü ôï DOS, Win 3.x
· êáëýôåñï multitasking áðü ôá Windows 95,
· êáëýôåñç áðüäïóç áðü ôá Windows NT,
· ðïëëÝò åöáñìïãÝò óå óýãêñéóç ìå ôï OS/2.
Ôï Linux ùò ãíÞóéï Unix, Ý÷åé åããåíþò õëïðïéçìÝíï ôï TCP/IP, ôï
ðñùôüêïëëï ôïõ Internet. Åßíáé êáôÜëëçëï ãéá äéêôõáêÝò åöáñìïãÝò,
êáé ìðïñåß íá äïõëÝøåé ìå áîéïðéóôßá ùò äñïìïëïãçôÞò Þ proxy. ¸÷åé
POSIX compliance êáé õðïóôçñßæåé TCP/IP & SPX/IPX, SNMP & RIP, NCP,
SMB. Ùò server åßíáé ðïëý äõíáôü óå üëåò áõôÝò ôéò ðåñéðôþóåéò:
file server, printer server, web server, ftp server, news server,
mail (pop) server. Ìðïñåß íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé Ýíá óýóôçìá ìå Windows
NT Þ Novell Netware ÄÉÁÖÁÍÁ ãéá ôïõò clients. Ôï Linux åßíáé
óõíõöáóìÝíï ìå ôï GNU project ôçò Free Software Foundation (FSF).
To GNU åêöñÜæåé ìßá öéëïóïößá óõíåñãáóßáò, üðïõ êÜðïéïò ðïõ ãñÜöåé
Ýíá ðñüãñáììá ôï äéáèÝôåé óå üëïõò Üíåõ áìïéâÞò. ÁðïôÝëåóìá áõôïý
åßíáé ç åëåýèåñç áíôéãñáöÞ ôïõ, êáé üôé åßíáé äùñåÜí. Óôçí
ðåñßðôùóç ôùí CD, ðëçñþíåé êáíåßò ìüíï ôï êüóôïò ôïõò.
[1m9.3. Ðþò ìðïñþ íá ìÜèù ôá âáóéêÜ ãéá ôï Linux;[0m
Ðïëý åêôåíÞò áíÜëõóç, êáèþò êáé êáëÜ åðéëåãìÝíï äéäáêôéêü õëéêü, óôá
áããëéêÜ, õðÜñ÷åé åäþ:
http://basiclinux.hypermart.net/basic/index.html#lessons.
[1m9.4. Óõìâáôüôçôá;[0m
Êáô' áñ÷Þí ôï Linux äéáâÜæåé üëá ôá fileystems ôùí Üëëùí ëåéôïõñãéêþí
(FAT, VFAT, FAT32, NTFS, HPFS, HFS, ISO9660, Rock-Ridge, Joliet, UFS
êëð).
· Ôï DOSEMU èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá ôñÝîåôå åöáñìïãÝò ôïõ DOS ðïõ ôñÝ÷ïõí
óå åéêïíéêÝò ìç÷áíÝò õðü ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ôïõ ðõñÞíá (vm86). Äïõëåýåé
ðïëý áîéüðéóôá êáé äéáôßèåôáé äùñåÜí üðùò ôï Linux.
· Ôï WABI èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá ôñÝîåôå 16bit åöáñìïãÝò ôùí WIN3.11,
áëëÜ óôïé÷ßæåé 199$
· Ôï WINE êÜíåé ôçí ßäéá äïõëåéÜ äùñåÜí, áëëÜ ü÷é ôüóï êáëÜ.
Ôåëåõôáßá (1999) äåß÷íåé óïâáñÜ óçìÜäéá ùñßìáíóçò.
· Ôï Executor ìðïñåß íá ôñÝîåé åöáñìïãÝò ãéá Macintosh.
Ïé ðéï ðïëëïß åíäéáöÝñïíôáé ãéá íá ìðïñïýí íá äéáâÜæïõí áñ÷åßá doc
ðïõ ðñïÝñ÷ïíôáé áðü Office êáé õðÜñ÷åé ãéá áõôïýò ôï StarOffice
5.1, ðïõ äéáâÜæåé ìÝ÷ñé êáé Word 97 êåßìåíá. ÅÜí áðïèçêåýáôå ôá
äåäïìÝíá óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò áíïé÷ôÜ ðñüôõðá (txt, dbf, html, rtf),
èá âñåßôå ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí Ýíá åñãáëåßï ãéá íá äïõëÝøåôå ìå áõôÜ, åÜí
ü÷é...
[1m9.5. Ôé SOFTWARE õðïóôçñßæåôáé;[0m
ÐñáêôéêÜ ôá ðÜíôá, áñêåß íá ìéëÜìå ãéá áíïéêôÜ êáé äéáäåäïìÝíá ðñüôõðá
êáé ðñùôüêïëëá: ó÷åäüí ðïôÝ äåí åßóôå ï ðñþôïò ðïõ Ý÷åé Ýíá
óõãêåêñéìÝíï ðñüâëçìá êáé êÜðïéïò Üëëïò ôï Ý÷åé ëýóåé ãéá åóÜò.
Ôï metalab åßíáé ôï êáô' åîï÷Þí óçìåßï ãéá íá âñåé êáíåßò ðñïãñÜììáôá
ãýñù áðü ôï áíôéêåßìåíï ðïõ ôïí åíäéáöÝñåé, äåßôå
http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/
Ôï Linux Software Map (LSM) Ý÷åé üëï ôï õðÜñ÷ïí ëïãéóìéêü. Ìðïñåßôå
íá êÜíåôå êáé áíáæÞôçóç ìå ëÝîåéò êëåéäéÜ.
http://www.boutell.com/lsm/
Åðßóçò ðïëý äçìïöéëåßò åßíáé êáé ïé óåëßäåò ôïõ Bill Latura:
http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml
[1m9.6. Ôé åßíáé ôï compile ôïõ ðõñÞíá;[0m
Óôï Linux ôïí ðõñÞíá ìðïñåß êáíåßò íá ôïí öôéÜîåé ï ßäéïò, ìå ìéá
äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ëÝãåôáé compile. Áí êáé åßíáé äõíáôüí íá äïõëÝøåé
êáðïéïò ìå Ýíáí Ýôïéìï, åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá öôéÜîåé Ýíáí ðõñÞíá
ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï óôï óýóôçìÜ ôïõ, éäéáßôåñá åÜí èÝëåé åîåéäéêåõìÝíåò
äõíáôüôçôåò. Ç äéáäéêáóßá óõíéóôÜôáé éäéáßôåñá óå áõôïýò ðïõ èÝëïõí
íá ìðëÝîïõí ìå ôá åíäüôåñá ôïõ ëåéôïõñãéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò.
Ïé åíôïëÝò ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ãéá Ýíá ôõðéêü compile åßíáé (ôá # åßíáé
ó÷üëéá):
cd /usr/src/linux
make config # Þ make menuconfig Þ make xconfig, Ý÷åé êáé help.
make dep
make clean
make zImage # ìåôÜ áðü áõôü, õðÜñ÷åé ï ðõñÞíáò óôï /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage
make modules # Ôá modules öôéÜ÷íïíôáé ðñéí áñ÷ßóåé ç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò
make modules_install # ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí modules óôï /lib
make install # ðñïóï÷Þ íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ïé óùóôÝò ñõèìßóåéò óôï /etc/lilo.conf
Ç ôåëåõôáßá åíôïëÞ åßíáé áõôÞ ðïõ èá óôÞóåé ôïí ðõñÞíá (óõíÞèùò óôï
/vmlinuz), óõíäÝïíôÜò ôïí ìå ôïí boot loader LILO. ¸íá reboot, èá
âÜëåé ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá óå ÷ñÞóç... (ìüëéò âñÞêáôå ôïí ìïíáäéêü ëüãï ðïõ
êÜíåé êáíåßò reboot ìå linux).
[1m9.7. Ôé åßíáé áõôü ôï SIG11;[0m
Ôï SIG11 åßíáé ïõóéáóôéêÜ Ýíá óöÜëìá ðñïóôáóßáò (Protection Fault).
Åßíáé áñêåôÜ ðéèáíü íá óõìâåß ôçí þñá ðïõ öôéÜ÷íïõìå ðõñÞíá êáé ç
áéôßá åßíáé üôé ôï óýóôçìá åêåßíç ôçí þñá æïñßæåôáé - ÄÉÁÂÁÓÔÅ: ÐïëëÜ
SIG11 óçìáßíïõí êáêü õëéêü Þ ðñïâëÞìáôá óõìâáôüôçôáò ìå ôçí ìíÞìç,ôïí
åðåîåñãáóôÞ, ôçí ìçôñéêÞ. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå:
http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/
[1m9.8. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí Üëëá åëåýèåñá Unix;[0m
Óôï ÷þñï ôïõ Unix Ý÷ïõìå ôá åîÞò åëåýèåñçò ÷ñÞóçò ëåéôïõñãéêÜ:
· Linux
· GNU Hurd
· FreeBSD
· NetBSD
· OpenBSD
Áðü üëá áõôÜ ìüíï ôï FreeBSD Ý÷åé ðñáêôéêÞ áîßá, åßíáé éäéáßôåñá
ãíùóôü ãéá ôçí óôáèåñüôçôÜ ôïõ êáé ôçí áðüäïóÞ ôïõ óå óõóôÞìáôá
åîõðçñåôþí ìå Ýíôïíç ÷ñÞóç (ð÷ ftp.cdrom.com). Åßíáé ðáñ' üëá áõôÜ
ðéï äýó÷ñçóôï áðü ôï Linux, êáé äåí Ý÷åé ôÝôïéá ðëçèþñá ëïãéóìéêïý.
Ôåëåõôáßá, ôñÝ÷åé ôá ðéï ðïëëÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ôïõ Linux ìå åîïìïßùóç.
ÅÜí èÝëåôå íá ðåéñáìáôéóôåßôå ìå ôýðïõ BSD UNIX, áîßæåé íá
áó÷ïëçèåßôå ìáæß ôïõ.
[1m9.9. ÂáóéêÞ ïñïëïãßá[0m
[1mi18n[0m
I{-- 18 letters --}n = Internationalization
[1me13n[0m
Europeanization
[1ml10n[0m
Localization
[1mANSI[0m
American National Standards Institute, the US member of ISO
[1mASCII[0m
American Standard Code of Information Interchange
[1mCP [22mCode Page
[1mCP850[0m
Code Page 850, the most widely used MS DOS code page
[1mCR [22mCarriage Return
[1mCTAN server[0m
Comprehensive TeX Archive Network, the world's largest
repository for TeX related material. It consists of three sites
mirrowing each other: ftp.shsu.edu, ftp.tex.ac.uk, ftp.dante.de.
The current configuration, including known mirrows, can be
obtained by fingering ctan_us@ftp.shsu.edu
[1mDEC[0m
Digital Equipment Corp.
[1mDIN[0m
Deutsche Industrie Norm (German Industry Norm)
[1mDOS[0m
Disk Operating System
[1mEBCDIC[0m
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ---a proprietary
IBM character set used on mainframes
[1mECMA[0m
European Computer Manufacturer's Association
[1memacs[0m
Editing Macros, a family of popular text editors
[1mEsperanto[0m
A synthetic, universal language developed by Dr. Zamenhof in
1887.
[1mFSF[0m
Free Software Foundation
[1mFTP[0m
File Transmission Protocol
[1mGNU[0m
GNU's not Unix, an FSF project
[1mGPL[0m
General Public License
[1mIBM[0m
International Business Machines Corp.
[1mIP [22mInternet Protocol
[1mISO[0m
International Standards Organization
[1mKOI8[0m
???---a popular encoding for Cyrillic on UNIX workstations
[1mLaTeX[0m
A macro package for TeX
[1mMCS[0m
DEC's Multilingual Character Set---the ISO 8859--1 draft
standard
[1mMIME[0m
Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension
[1mOS [22mOperating System
[1mPOSIX[0m
Portable Operating System Interface (an IEEE UNIX standard)
[1mPS [22mPostScript, Adobe's printer language
[1mRFC[0m
Request for Comment, an Internet standard
[1msed[0m
stream editor, a UNIX file manipulation utility
[1mTCP[0m
Transmission Control Protocol
[1mTeX[0m
Donald Knuth's typesetting program
[1mURL[0m
a WWW Uniform Resource Locator
[1mUS-ASCII[0m
the US national variant of ISO 646, see ASCII
[1mVMS[0m
Virtual Memory System---DEC's proprietary OS
[1mWWW[0m
World Wide Web
[1mX11[0m
X Window System
[1m10. Ðßíáêåò ÷áñáêôÞñùí, character sets[0m
Ï Ç/Õ ãéá íá ðáñáóôÞóåé ôá ãëùóóéêÜ óýìâïëá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß 1byte=8bit,
äçëáäÞ Ý÷ïõìå 2^8=256 äéáöïñåôéêÜ ãñÜììáôá. Ï êþäéêáò ASCII (American
Standard Code for Information Interchange) ïñßæåé áõóôçñÜ ìüíï ôá
ðñþôá 128 óýìâïëá (7bit). Ôá Üëëá ìéóÜ óýìâïëá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá
áðåéêüíéóç åéäéêþí óõìâüëùí Üëëùí ãëùóóþí áëëÜ êáé ãñáöéêþí óõìâüëùí.
Áíôßèåôá, ìå Üëëåò åõñùðáúêÝò ãëþóóåò ôá åëëçíéêÜ åßíáé åî' ïëïêëÞñïõ
óôá 8bit. Ï ðñïöáíÞò ëüãïò åßíáé ôá ðïëëÜ äéáöïñåôéêÜ óýìâïëá ðïõ
Ý÷åé ç åëëçíéêÞ ãëþóóá óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôéò õðüëïéðåò.
Ðñüóèåôåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôá åëëçíéêÜ óôï Äéáäßêôõï, ìðïñåßôå íá
âñåßôå óôï RFC 1947, "Greek Character Encoding for Electronic Mail
Messages". Äåßôå ó÷åôéêÜ
http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc1947.html
[1m10.1. ÔõðïðïéÞóåéò ôùí åëëçíéêþí[0m
Ôá åëëçíéêÜ õðÜñ÷ïõí óå ðïëëÝò äéáöïñåôéêÝò ôõðïðïéÞóåéò. Ïé ðéï
óõíçèéóìÝíåò áðü áõôÝò, åßíáé ôá 737 êáé ôá 928. Áìöüôåñá åßíáé ãéá
ìïíïôïíéêÜ åëëçíéêÜ. Ôá ìåí 737 ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé áðü ôï DOS, ôá äå
928 áðü üëá ôá UNIX êáé Windows (ìå ìéêñÝò ðáñáëëáãÝò). Ôï Linux Ý÷åé
óáí êýñéá êùäéêïóåëßäá ôá 928. Ôï üôé Ý÷ïõìå ãéá ÅëëçíéêÜ äýï êáé
ðëÝïí ðñüôõðá, öõóéêÜ, åßíáé ìåãÜëï ðñüâëçìá, ðïõ îåðåñíéÝôáé ìå
åéäéêïýò ìåôáôñïðåßò, ãéá áëëáãÞ áðü ôï Ýíá óåô óôï Üëëï.
Áðü ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôçò Oracle ãéá ôï Linux êáé ôá åã÷åéñßäéá ôïõ
server, ìðïñåß êáíåßò íá âñåé ôá äéáäåäïìÝíá åëëçíéêÜ ðñüôõðá ðïõ
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå âÜóåéò äåäïìÝíùí (Üñá êáé óôá ðéï óçìáíôéêÜ
óõóôÞìáôá Ç/Õ) êáé ôïõò ôõðïðïéçìÝíïõò (ìá ðÜëé;) êùäéêïýò ôïõò:
· EL8ISO8859P7, Äçë. ôï ISO8859-7 ãéá ôï UNIX & Internet. Åßíáé
ãíùóôü êáé ùò 928 & Latin7.
· EL8MSWIN1253, Ôá Windows åëëçíéêÜ
· EL8PC737, Ôá DOS åëëçíéêÜ
· EL8MACGREEK, Ï Macintosh ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ÅËÏÔ-823 (IBM 851).
· EL8MACGREEKS
· EL8PC437S
· EEC8EUROPA3
· EL8EBCDIC875, IBM mainframes greek character set
· EL8DEC, ÁõôÜ åßíáé ëïãéêÜ ôá DEC, VAX/VMS åëëçíéêÜ. (êáíåßò
ðáëéüò???)
Åðßóçò, ôï OS/2 ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí êùäéêïóåëßäá 869 êáé 851 ãéá ôá
åëëçíéêÜ.
[1m10.2. 737[0m
Ôá 737 åßíáé åðßóçò ãíùóôÜ êáé ùò 437G (=437Greek), ãéáôß ðñïÝêõøáí
áðü ôñïðïðïßçóç ôùí áìåñéêÜíéêùí 437. Ôá 737 ðñùôïåìöáíßóôçêáí óôéò
åëëçíéêÝò EPROM ôùí MDA êáé Hercules êáñôþí ãñáöéêþí ôùí ðñþôùí PC,
üðïõ âñßóêïíôáí äçëáäÞ óôï HARDWARE. ×ñçóéìïðïéÞèçêáí êáôÜ êüñïí óôï
DOS, êáé ãéá áõôü üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðñïÝñ÷ïíôáé áðü åêåß áíáìÝíåôáé íá
åßíáé 737. ÅðåéäÞ ôá 737 èåùñïýíôáé ðëÝïí êáôÜëïéðï ôïõ DOS, åßíáé
êáëýôåñá íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ åßíáé 737 óå 928, âë. ``''. Óôï
Linux, ç êùäéêïóåëßäá 737 õðïóôçñßæåôáé ðëÞñùò ìüíï óôçí êïíóüëá
(text-mode), áëëÜ õðÜñ÷ïõí êáé ìåñéêÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ãéá X-Windows.
[1m10.2.1. Ôñïðïðïßçóç ðõñÞíá ãéá õðïóôÞñéîç 737[0m
¸÷ïõí áíáöåñèåß ðåñéðôþóåéò, üðïõ ôï "ä" (ÄÅËÔÁ ìéêñü) äåí
ðëçêôñïëïãåßôáé óå êÜðïéïõò ðõñÞíåò êáé áõôü óõìâáßíåé ãéáôß óõìðßðôåé
ìå ôï 128+ESC (128+27=155=asc("ä")). Ðçãáßíåôå óôï
/usr/src/linux/drivers/char/console.c, êÜðïõ ëÝåé:
&& (c != 127 || disp_ctrl)
&& (c != 128+27);
áëëÜîôå óå
&& (c != 127 || disp_ctrl)
/* && (c != 128+27)*/;
êáé êÜíåôå compile Ýíá íÝï ðõñÞíá.
[1m10.2.2. 737 óå X-windows[0m
Ôá 737 õðïóôçñßæïíôáé óå ìåñéêÝò áðü ôéò fixed ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ðïõ
åßíáé óôï ðáêÝôï Ãñáößò: ``''.
[ah@computer.org]'s report for names (from xlsfonts):
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-85-85-m-0-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--14-110-75-75-c-75-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--16-120-75-75-c-75-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--23-179-85-85-m-120-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-semicondensed--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-semicondensed--10-100-75-75-c-60-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-grpc-737
-misc-grvga-medium-r-normal--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737
-misc-grvga-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-60-grpc-737
(nomizw kapoia exoyn bugs kai exw skopo na ta diorthwsw se next release).
[1m10.3. 928[0m
Ôá åëëçíéêÜ 928 åßíáé ç ðéï óýã÷ñïíç êáé äéáäåäïìÝíç ôõðïðïßçóç êáé
êáèéåñþèçêå áñ÷éêÜ áðü ôïí ÅËÏÔ. Áñãüôåñá Ýãéíáí áðïäåêôÜ êáé áðü ôïí
ISO ùò ISO-Latin-8859-7, Þ áðëÜ Latin7, áêüìá êáé ç UNICODE õðïóôÞñéîç
åëëçíéêþí âáóßæåôáé óå áõôÜ. Ôá 928 ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå üëåò ôéò
åöáñìïãÝò ôùí UNIX, óôï Internet êáé áðïôåëïýí ôï óçìåñéíü ðñüôõðï êáé
ãéá ôï Linux. Ôï ðñüôõðï 928 õðïóôçñßæåôáé, êáé óôçí êïíóüëá (text-
mode), êáé óå ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí (X-Windows).
[1m10.3.1. Windows-1253[0m
Ç êýñéá áðüêëéóç ôùí Windows åëëçíéêþí (Windows-1253) áðü ôçí
ôõðïðïßçóç ÅËÏÔ 928, åßíáé ï ÷áñáêôÞñáò "¶", (Á ôïíïýìåíï) ôïõ 928 ï
ïðïßïò óôá Windows áíôéóôïé÷åß óôï Paragraph mark. Áðü ôá Windows-1253
ëåßðïõí åðßóçò ç Üíù ôåëåßá, êáé ôá åëëçíéêÜ ïìïéùìáôéêÜ << êáé >>.
ÅðåéäÞ ìïéñáßá èá ðñÝðåé íá áðïäå÷ôïýìå ôïí ðåñéïñéóìü áõôü ðïõ ìáò
èÝôïõí ôá MS-Windows, êáé åðåéäÞ áñêåôïß ÷ñÞóôåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí wintel
ðëáôöüñìá åñãáóßáò, êáëü èá åßíáé íá áðïöåýãåôáé ôï < Á ôïíïýìåíï >
êáôÜ ôçí áðïóôïëÞ e-mails, postings, êëð. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï 'Á ( ' = SHIFT+" ) Ðáñüìïéá ðñïâëÞìáôá õðÜñ÷ïõí êáé
ìå ôá 'Å êáé 'Ï. Ãéá åõêïëßá óáò, áõôÜ åßíáé üëá ôá ôïíïýìåíá êáôÜ
928: ¶¸¹º¼¾¿.
[1m10.4. Unicode[0m
Ôá UNICODE (ISO 10646) åßíáé 16bit (äçë. 65536 óõíäéáóìïß) êáé
ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí ðïëëÝò ãëþóóåò, ìáæß ìå ôá íÝá åëëçíéêÜ, ðïõ Ý÷ïõí
offset #370 êáé ôá áñ÷áßá åëëçíéêÜ ìå offset #1F00. Õðïóôçñßæïíôáé
áðü ôá íÝá ìÝ÷ñé ôá áñ÷áßá (ðïëõôïíéêÜ) åëëçíéêÜ êáé ÃñáììéêÞ Â! Ôï
Linux õðïóôçñßæåé åóùôåñéêÜ ôá UNICODE, áëëÜ áêüìá ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõò äåí
åßíáé äéáäåäïìÝíç, ãéáôß åîáñôÜôáé êáé áðü ôçí õéïèÝôçóÞ ôïõò áðü ôéò
åöáñìïãÝò. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñá äåßôå: http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Unicode-
HOWTO.html
====================================================================
Vasilis Vasaitis <vas@hal.csd.auth.gr>:
Áí êáé äåí Ý÷ù áó÷ïëçèåß åêôåíþò ìå ôï áíôéêåßìåíï, ìðïñþ íá óõíåéóöÝñù
êÜðïéá ãíþóç ðïõ Ý÷ù åðß ôïõ èÝìáôïò. Ëïéðüí, Ý÷ïõìå êáé ëÝìå:
ÊÜðïéá óôéãìÞ, óå áíýðïðôï ÷ñüíï, åß÷á êáôåâÜóåé Ýíá Unicode fixed font
ãéá ôá X windows. ÅðåéäÞ äýóêïëá óâÞíù áõôÜ ðïõ êáôåâÜæù, ôï âñÞêá íá
êÜèåôáé áêüìá óôï äßóêï ìïõ. Ç ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ áõôÞ äåí ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï ðëÞñåò
Unicode, áöïý áõôü áðïôåëåßôáé áðü ðåñéóóüôåñïõò áðü 38000 ÷áñáêôÞñåò, áðü
ôïõò ïðïßïõò ïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé åßíáé ÊéíÝæéêá/ÉáðùíéêÜ/ÊïñåÜôéêá, ðïõ Ýôóé êé
áëëéþò óôï 6x13 ôïõ fixed äåí ìðáßíïõí. ¼ìùò ìå ðåñßðïõ 2800 ÷áñáêôÞñåò (ç
Ýêäïóç ðïõ Ý÷ù åãþ ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí) êáëýðôåé ðëÞñùò ôçí ëáôéíéêÞ, åëëçíéêÞ,
êõñéëëéêÞ, áñìÝíéêç, ãåùñãéáíÞ êáé åâñáúêÞ ãñáöÞ, óõí êÜðïéá ôå÷íéêÜ êáé
ìáèçìáôéêÜ óýìâïëá. Ç ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ áõôÞ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ùò ðñüôõðï
áðü ïðïéïíäÞðïôå åíäéáöÝñåôáé íá ó÷åäéÜóåé ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ìå ðïëëïýò
÷áñáêôÞñåò· ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðéï ðñáêôéêÝò åöáñìïãÝò, äåßôå ðáñáêÜôù. Ç óåëßäá ôïõ
ôýðïõ ðïõ ôçí Ýöôéáîå, áí åßíáé áêüìá ç ßäéá, åßíáé:
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/
ÕðïóôÞñéîç óôçí êïíóüëá:
Ç êïíóüëá õðïóôçñßæåé Unicode åäþ êáé êÜôé áéþíåò, ìÝóù âÝâáéá ôïõ UTF8
(ãéá üóïõò äåí îÝñïõí, ôï UTF8 åßíáé ìéá áíáðáñÜóôáóç ôïõ UniCode ìå
ìåôáâëçôü ìÝãåèïò, ôï ïðïßï ãéá ãéá ôïõò 128 ðñþôïõò ÷áñáêôÞñåò Ý÷åé ôçí
ßäéá ìïñöÞ ìå ôï ASCII). Ôï èÝìá åßíáé üôé Ýôóé êé áëëéþò ç õðïóôÞñéîç ôçò
VGA ãéá ÷áñáêôÞñåò ðïõ åìöáíßæïíôáé óõã÷ñüíùò åßíáé ðïëý ðåñéïñéóìÝíç (256,
512 ÷ùñßò ôï áíáâüóâçìá).
ÕðïóôÞñéîç óôá X:
Ç ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ ðïõ áíáöÝñù ðáñáðÜíù äïõëåýåé ìéá ÷áñÜ, êáé ç ôåëåõôáßá
öïñÜ ðïõ ôç äïêßìáóá Þôáí ðñéí ðïëý êáéñü. Åðßóçò, ôõ÷áßíåé íá Ý÷ù Ýíáí X
server ìå åíóùìáôùìÝíç õðïóôÞñéîç TrueType fonts (äåí öïñôþíù font server),
êáé âëÝðù üôé êáé ôá TrueType äïõëåýïõí ìéá ÷áñÜ. Ãéá üóïõò äåí îÝñïõí, ôá
XFree86 4.0 èá Ýñ÷ïíôáé ìå åíóùìáôùìÝíç õðïóôÞñéîç TrueType. Ç Microsoft
(äåí Ý÷ù áðü Üëëç åôáéñåßá) ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß óôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ôçò ôï Windows
Glyph List 4 (WGL4), ôï ïðïßï åßíáé õðïóýíïëï ôïõ ISO 10646-1 (ëßãï ðïëý
áõôü ðïõ Ý÷åé ç ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ ðïõ ðåñéÝãñáøá áñ÷éêÜ).
ÅöáñìïãÝò:
Åäþ êáôáññÝïõí üëá. ÁõôÞ ôç óôéãìÞ õðÜñ÷ïõí êáíá äõï ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ
êÜíïõí ìåôáôñïðÞ áðü/ðñïò UTF8, ôï yudit êáé ôï Netscape ðïõ ìáæåýïõí áðü
åäþ êé áðü åêåß ãéá íá âñïõí áñêåôÜ óýìâïëá ôïõ Unicode, êáé áðü åêåß êáé
ðÝñá ôï ÷Üïò. ÐÜíôùò êáëüí èá åßíáé íá áñ÷ßóåé ðñïóðÜèåéá ãéá ôá fonts, êáé
öáíôÜæïìáé üôé ïé åöáñìïãÝò èá êïéôÜîïõí íá áêïëïõèÞóïõí.
---------------
Report apo Panagioti Vrioni:
Gnwrizw oti o Giannis Gyftomitros <yang@hellug.gr> exei hdh arxisei
na asxoleitai me thn dunatothta dhmiourgias Unicode grammatoseirwn
pou na periexoun kai ta ellhhnika (Project Grafis, bl. GRArial k.l.),
isws na exei proxwrhsei kai parapera...
Apo thn ekdosh 6.0, o XFS pou periexetai sto Red Hat exei patch wste
na mporei na emfanisei Trye Type Fonts. Bl. sxetiko "White Paper" stho
"support" ths http://www.redhat.com/ . An balete Unicode TTFonts
(px. ths M$) auta paizoun, me thn ennoia oti fainontai dia8esima
ta fonts me xilia-duo diaforetika encodings. Den kserw omws an paizoun
kai san unicode grammatoseira, px. gia na dei kapoios ena keimeno
me ellhnika, agglika kai kinezika tautoxrona sto Netscape.
=====================================================================
[1m10.4.1. Unicode Links[0m
ÕðÜñ÷åé ìßá fixed ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ ãéá Xwindows, äåßôå ó÷åôéêÜ:
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html
ÕðÜñ÷åé êáé Ýíáò text editor ãéá Unicode, ìå ôï üíïìá Yudit,
ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/X/yudit-1.1.tar.gz
Ôï ðñüôõðï UTF-8 åßíáé ðëÝïí standard óôï Internet, äåßôå ôï ó÷åôéêü
RFC: http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc2279.html
Ðåñéóóüôåñá ãéá ôá íÝá åëëçíéêÜ óôá Unicode åäþ:
http://charts.unicode.org/Unicode.charts/normal/U0370.html
[1m10.5. Ìåôáôñïðåßò åëëçíéêþí[0m
[1m10.5.1. gr2gr[0m
Ï ¶ããåëïò ×áñßôóçò <ah@computer.org> Ý÷åé ãñÜøåé ôïí ìåôáôñïðÝá áõôüí:
ftp://ftp.hri.org/pub/greek/programs/gr2gr.prl ÔñÝ÷åé ìå perl (5 Þ 4).
Óõíåðþò äïõëåýåé óå üðïéï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß perl
(unix, dos, win32, os2, mac, vms ...).
Õðïóôçñßæåé ðïëëÜ äéáöïñåôéêÜ åëëçíéêÜ, üðùò:
· 928: ELOT 928
· 437: IBM 437 (*default* input)
· lat: latin greek form, aka greeklish (*default* output)
· 437b: IBM 437b
· win: Windows
· mac: Macintosh
· 851: 851
· 869: 869
· quad: quadtek
· sym: standard Symbol font codes (English garbled)
· wgr: WinGreek (Windows shareware prg) encoding
· troff: troff symbol font escape sequences, no diacritics
(dialytika)
· kdtex: Dryllerakis TeX (only conversions _to_ kdtex work)
· ibytex: ibygrk TeX (only conversions _to_ ibygrk work)
[1m10.5.2. grfilter[0m
Óôï Éíóôéôïýôï Ôå÷íïëïãßáò Õðïëïãéóôþí õðÜñ÷åé ôï grfilter:
ftp://ftp.cti.gr/pub/src/grfilter.tar
[1m10.5.3. greek2lat[0m
Óôï directory ftp://corfu.forthnet.gr/pub/greek2lat õðÜñ÷åé Ýíáò
ìåôáôñïðÝáò áðü 928 óå greeklish, êáôÜëëçëïò êáé ãéá WEB sites.
[1m10.5.4. trans120.tar.gz[0m
Ï Êþóôáò ÊùóôÞò, < kosta@kostis.net > Ý÷åé ãñÜøåé åðßóçò áõôüí ôïí
ìåôáôñïðÝá, ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé êáé ðïëëÜ åëëçíéêÜ, áëëÜ êáé Üëëåò
ãëþóóåò: http://www.kostis.net/freeware/trans120.tar.gz
[1m10.5.5. gkconv[0m
ÕðÜñ÷åé êáé Ýíá ðñïãñáììá ôïõ Ãéþñãïõ Óðçëéþôç, ìåôáôñÝðåé 437, Win95,
X win. Ç äéåýèõíóÞ ôïõ áãíïåßôáé.
[1m10.5.6. recode[0m
Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá ðñïãñáììáôÜêé ãåíéêÞò ÷ñÞóçò áðü ôï GNU project, ôï
ïðïßï õðïóôçñßæåé ìåôáôñïðåßò ãéá ðïëëÝò äéáöïñåôéêÝò ãëþóóåò (êáé
åëëçíéêÜ). Éóùò èá Ýðñåðå üëá ôá õðüëïéðá ðñïãñÜììáôá êÜðïéá óôéãìÞ
íá åíóùìáôùèïýí óå áõôü. Äåßôå óôçí äéåýèõíóç
http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/recode/recode_toc.html
[1m10.6. Ôýðïé áñ÷åßùí êáé ìåôáôñïðÞ ôïõò[0m
[1m.txt, .doc[0m
ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôçí ðåñßðôùóç, âëÝðå ``''
[1m.dbf[0m
ÓõíÞèùò åßíáé 737, èÝëïõí ðñïóï÷Þ óôçí ìåôáôñïðÞ, áöÞóôå ôï ãéá
êÜíá guru.
[1m.diz,[0m
ÓõíÞèùò åßíáé 737, âëÝðå ``''
[1m.html,[0m
ÐñÝðåé íá åßíáé 928, êáé öáßíïíôáé êáíïíéêÜ.
[1m.mov, .avi[0m
Áí Ý÷åé õðüôéôëïõò óôá åëëçíéêÜ, èá åßíáé ÏÊ :-)
[1m.exe, .com[0m
ðåôÜîôå ôá
[1m10.7. Ôé õðÜñ÷åé áêüìá óôï Internet ó÷åôéêÜ ìå åëëçíéêÜ;[0m
×ñÞóéìïé óýíäåóìïé:
· Åëëçíéêü Fortune: http://kronos.eng.auth.gr/~arvan/fortunes/
· Virgo help on greek: http://www.virgo.gr/baza/greek.html
· Hellenic Resources Institute (HRI): http://www.hri.org
· Font ðßíáêåò óôï HRI: http://www.hri.org/fonts/unix/pinakec.html
· fonts@argeas: ftp://argeas.hellug.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/fonts/
· fonts@HRI: ftp://ftp.hri.org/pub/greek/fonts/x-win/
· Óåëßäá ôïõ Ðáíáãéþôç Âñõþíç ãéá ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò:
http://users.hol.gr/~vrypan/cactus/grfonts-1.html
· Unix Greek Language Software (old):
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~akonstan/en/greek/software.html
· Unicode Organization: http://www.unicode.org
· I18N FAQ: http://www.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/mike/i18n.html
· ISO fonts: ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/ISO-fonts
· International fonts: ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/i18n-
fonts
· Using 8 bit characters: ftp://ftp.ulg.ac.be/pub/docs/iso8859/
· ISO-8859 sets: http://wwwwbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~czyborra/charsets/
· Much charactersets info (kermit?):
ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/charsets/
· http://www.ora.com/homepages/comp.fonts/
ØÜ÷ôå íá âñåßôå üôé ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ìå áõôü ôï search engine:
http://www.google.org
[1m11. TODO[0m
Ôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé äéÜöïñåò áôáîéíüìçôåò ðëçñïöïñßåò åßôå ãéáôß
äåí åßíáé åðéâåâáéùìÝíåò åßôå ãéáôß äåí åßíáé áêüìá óáöÝò ðþò èá
ôïðïèåôçèïýí óôçí äïìÞ ôïõ âáóéêïý HOWTO. ÅÜí ìðïñåßôå, áíáëÜâåôå Ýíá
óõãêåêñéìÝíï èÝìá, âñåßôå ôçí ëýóç ôïõ, êáôáãñÜøåôÝ ôçí êáé óôåßëôå
ôçí.
[1m11.1. sgmlutils[0m
To sgml2html htan ok. A na po oti ekana mia allagh sthn consola gia
ta ellhnika (to paketo me to chcp enos apo thn patra) kai ka8e fora
pou trexo thn perl mou bgazei: perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LC_ALL =
(unset), LC_CTYPE = "iso_8859_7", LANG = (unset) are supported and
installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard
locale ("C"). --------- Prepei na dwseis sgml2txt --charset=latin.
Panayotis.
[1m11.2. groff[0m
Äåßôå ó÷åôéêÜ ôï Üñèñï áðü ôïí Ãéþñãï Êåñáìßäá óôï magaz:
http://magaz.hellug.gr/09/03_groff.html
=====================================================================
[...]
H alln lusn (pio hackeradikn) eivai va kaveis to GROFF sou (to basiko
ergaleio pou xrnsimopoieitai apo to sgml2txt) va katalabaivei OLOUS
tous 8-bit characters, pairvovtas to SHAR pou stelvw parakatw kai
kavovtas oti leei to README tou.
Giorgos.
--- cut here : shell archive follows ---
#!/bin/sh
[...]
exit 0
=====================================================================
The GNU replacement for nroff, groff, has an option to generate ISO
8859-1 coded output, instead of plain ASCII. Thus, you can preview
nroff documents with correctly displayed accented characters. Invoke
groff with the "groff -Tlatin1" option to achieve this.
Groff is free software. It is available from URL
<htmlurl url="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu" name="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu">
and many other GNU archives around the world.
[1m11.3. KDE[0m
Ï Ðáíáãéþôçò Âñõþíçò <vrypan@hellug.gr> Ý÷åé îåêéíÞóåé ôçí
ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ KDE, åíüò ãñáöéêïý ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò ãéá Linux/Unix.
Äåßôå ó÷åôéêÜ: http://users.hol.gr/~vrypan/cactus/kde.html, Ç åñãáóßá
áõôÞ åßíáé ðïëý óçìáíôéêÞ êáèþò üëá äåß÷íïõí üôé ôï KDE èá åðéêñáôÞóåé
ãéá Ýíá ìåãÜëï ÷ñïíéêü äéÜóôçìá, óõíäéÜæïíôáò åõêïëßåò ðïõ ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé
óå Üëëá ãñáöéêÜ ðåñéâÜëëïíôá, üðùò ôï drag'n'drop, ðïëëÜ ÷ñÞóéìá
utilities ìå êïéíÜ ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ (copy-paste), åõêïëßá ÷åéñéóìïý êëð.
[1m11.4. vim,viH[0m
Den doyleyoyn oloi oi vi 8-bit, oyte deixnoyn ta ellhnika svsta:
Yparxei enas (toylaxisto) vi clone poy legetai vim (vi improved)
http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/vim/
ftp://ftp.oce.nl/pub/misc/vim
Aytos ektos apo alla kaloydia, einai 8-bit clean kai exei kai ena
language feature, to opoio energopoieitai dior8vnontas to arxeio
src/feature.h
Ekei poy leei:
#if 0
# define HAVE_LANGMAP
#endif
to kanoyme bebaia
#if 1
# define HAVE_LANGMAP
#endif
Meta bazoyme sto ~/.vimrc to parakatv:
----- .vimrc CUT -----
version 4.6
set langmap=AAAAA?CEEEEIIII?NOOOOO?OUaaaaa?ceeeeiiii?nooooo?ou;ABGDEZHUIKLMNJOPRWSTYFXCVabgdezhuiklmnjoprwstyfxcv
----- END OF .vimrc CUT-----
kai meta oi entoles poy dinoyme sto vi mporei na einai kai me ellhnika grammata.
(kserete ti spasimo einai na exeis to plhktrologio gyrismeno sta ellhnika
kai na mhn dexetai entoles).
[1m11.5. nn[0m
(???)
=====================================================================
Add the line ----------------- set data-bits 8 ----------------- to
your /.nn/init (or the global configuration file) in order for nn to
be able to process 8 bit characters
=====================================================================
[1m11.6. tin[0m
(???)
[1m11.7. mtools[0m
Deixnoyn, ypoti8etai, ellhnikoys xarakthres an baloyme to
parakatv sto ~/.mtoolsrc h sto /etc/mtools.conf:
country="30,737,/dosfs/c/win/command/country.sys"
Mallon 8a yparxei mperdema me ta ellhnika (737 h 928?)
Den to exv dokimasei.
[1m11.8. jove[0m
ôï new JOVE 4.16 if compiled with CTYPE enabled ( -DUSE_CTYPE
-UNO_SETLOCALE) kanei mia xara ellhnika. Prepei omvs na exeis
swsto 8859-7 locale ellhnikvn sto systhma
Mexri kai svsto Upper kai lower casing kanei ! dokimaste to
[From: Angelos Karageorgiou <angelos@incredible.com>]
[1m11.9. pcal[0m
{
Ftiaxnei Postscript calendars se 7 diaforetikes glwsses. To
internationalisation toy pcal egine apo ton A.Haritsis
<<htmlurl url="mailto:ah@computer.org" name="ah@computer.org">>
kai erxetai me sxedon plhres ellhniko eortologio (me kinhtes kai
akintes eortes aytomata topothetoymenes).
Ta hmerologia poy paragontai einai highly customisable (mporei kaneis
eykola na balei proswpikes hmeromhnies).
Yparxei kai ena WWW front-end sto:
http://www-asds.doc.ic.ac.uk/cgi-bin/grcal
Ta latest sources toy pcal einai sto:
http://uptown.turnpike.net/~rogers/
}
[1m11.10. kermit[0m
(???)
=====================================================================
kermit : This is as close as I can get, but not completely satisfying
yet: Put the following in your /.kermrc file
set terminal bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set file bytesize 8
set language danish
set file character-set latin1-iso
set transfer character-set latin1-iso
set terminal character-set latin1-iso
I think there are more variables to set, but they are hiding. You
would have to modify these settings if the remote system is DOS or
OS/2 based.
=====================================================================
[1m11.11. SHMEIWSEIS[0m
{tty -s}
------------
"language"_"country"."character_encoding"
el_GR.8859-7
It looks as if "language" is the two-letter code for the language from
ISO 639, and "country" is the two-letter code for the country from ISO
3166, but I don't know of any standard specifying "character_encoding".
------------
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