Åëëçíéêü Linux IPX-HOWTO
Terry Dawson, terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au
v2.2, 29 Ìáñôßïõ 1997
Áõôü ôï êåßìåíï Ý÷åé óáí óêïðü íá ðåñéãñÜøåé ðþò íá âñåßôå, íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ñõèìßóåôå äéÜöïñá äéáèÝóéìá åñãáëåßá ãéá ôï
ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá Linux ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôï ðñùôüêïëëï õðïóôÞñéîçò
IPX ôïõ Linux ðõñÞíá.
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Table of Contents
1. ÅéóáãùãÞ
1.1 ÁëëáãÝò áðü ôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç Ýêäïóç.
1.2 ÅéóáãùãÞ
2. Áðïêýñçîç Åõèõíþí.
3. Ó÷åôéêÞ Ôåêìçñßùóç.
3.1 ÍÝåò åêäüóåéò áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ
3.2 ÁíÜäñáóç/Ó÷üëéá.
3.3 ÕðïóôÞñéîç áðü Ëßóôá ÌçíõìÜôùí/Áëëçëïãñáößáò.
4. Ìåñéêïß áðü ôïõò üñïõò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï.
5. Ôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï IPX áñ÷åßá óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
6. Ôá IPX Åñãáëåßá ôïõ Greg Pages.
6.1 Tá åñãáëåßá IPX ìå ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.
7. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá IPX äñïìïëïãçôÞ (router).
7.1 ×ñåéÜæåôáé íá ñõèìßóù Ýíá åóùôåñéêü äßêôõï;
8. Ñõèìßóôå ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáò óáí NCP ðåëÜôç (client).
8.1 Áðïêôþíôáò ôï
8.2 ×ôßæïíôáò ôï
8.3 ×ôßæïíôáò ôï
8.4 Ñõèìßæïíôáò êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
9. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ùò Ýíá NCP äéáêïìéóôÞ.
9.1 Tï ðáêÝôï
9.1.1 Äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ
9.1.2 Áðïêôþíôáò ôï
9.1.3 ×ôßæïíôáò ôï ðáêÝôï
9.2 Ôï ðáêÝôï
9.2.1 Äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ
9.2.2 Áðïêôþíôáò ôï
9.2.3 ×ôßóéìï ôïõ
9.2.4 Ñýèìéóç êáé ÷ñÞóç ôïõ
10. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá Novell Print Client.
11. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá Novell ÄéáêïìéóôÞ Åêôõðþóåùí.
11.1 Ðñïáðáéôïýìåíá
11.2 Ñõèìßóåéò
12. Ìéá åðéèåþñçóç ôùí
12.1 ÅíôïëÝò ÷ñçóôþí.
12.2 Åñãáëåßá Äéá÷åßñéóçò.
13. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï PPP ãéá õðïóôÞñéîç IPX .
13.1 Ñõèìßæïíôáò Ýíá IPX/PPP äéáêïìéóôÞ.
13.1.1 Ðñþôá âÞìáôá.
13.1.2 Ó÷åäéáóìüò.
13.1.3 Ñõèìßóôå ôï
13.1.4 ÅëÝãîåôå ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ.
13.2 Ñõèìßæïíôáò Ýíá IPX/PPP client.
13.2.1 Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï
13.2.2 TåóôÜñïíôáò ôïí IPX/PPP ðåëÜôç.
14. IPX tunnel Ýíáíôé IP
14.1 Áðïêôþíôáò ôï
14.2 ×ôßæïíôáò ôï
14.3 Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï
14.4 ÅëÝã÷ïíôáò êáé ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï
15. ÅìðïñéêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç IPX ãéá Linux.
15.1 Ôï Network Desktop ôçò Caldera
16. ÏñéóìÝíåò óõ÷íÝò åñùôÞóåéò
17. ÐíåõìáôéêÜ Äéêáéþìáôá.
18. ÄéÜöïñá êáé Åõ÷áñéóôßåò.
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[1m1. ÅéóáãùãÞ[0m
Áõôü åßíáé ôï åëëçíéêü Linux IPX-HOWTO. Èá ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï
Linux NET-3-HOWTO óå óõíäõáóìü ìå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï.
[1m1.1. ÁëëáãÝò áðü ôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç Ýêäïóç.[0m
ÐñïóèÞêåò:
ÐñïóôÝèçêáí ìåñéêÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï Frame Type.
Äéïñèþóåéò/Åíçìåñþóåéò:
Ôï Ïx áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôçí IPX äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ óôï /etc/ppp/options
Åíçìåñþèçêáí ïé åêäüóåéò êáé ïé äéåõèýíóåéò.
Ëßãï óõììÜæåìá, åñãáëåßá Åêôýðùóçò êáé Äéá÷åßñéóçò.
[1m1.2. ÅéóáãùãÞ[0m
Ï ðõñÞíáò ôïõ Linux Ý÷åé ìßá ôåëåßùò êáéíïýñéá õëïðïßçóç äéêôýïõ
óõãêñéíüìåíç ìå Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá Unix. Ç éêáíüôçôá íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá êáéíïýñéï ôñüðï ãéá íá áíáðôýîåôå ôï ëïãéóìéêü
äéêôýïõ ôïõ ðõñÞíá, Ý÷åé ïäçãÞóåé óôï íá Ý÷åé ï ðõñÞíáò ôïõ Linux
õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ìéá óåéñÜ áðü ÷ôéóìÝíá ìç tcp/ip ðñùôüêïëëá. To IPX
ðñùôüêïëëï åßíáé Ýíá áðü áõôÜ ðïõ Ý÷ïõí óõìðåñéëçöèåß.
Ï ðõñÞíáò ôïõ Linux õðïóôçñßæåé ìüíï ôï IPX ðñùôüêïëëï. Äåí
õðïóôçñßæåé áêüìç ðñùôüêïëëá üðùò ôá IPX/RIP, SAP Þ NCP, áõôÜ
õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü Üëëï ëïãéóìéêü üðùò áõôÜ ðïõ áíáöÝñïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù
óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï.
Ç õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ôï IPX áíáðôý÷èçêå áñ÷éêÜ áðü ôïí Alan Cox
<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>êáé Ý÷åé åîåëé÷èåß óçìáíôéêÜ áðü ôïí Greg
Page <greg@caldera.com>.
[1m2. Áðïêýñçîç Åõèõíþí.[0m
Äåí îÝñù êáé äåí ìðïñþ íá îÝñù ôá ðÜíôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï Linux ëïãéóìéêü
äéêôýïõ. Äå÷ôåßôå ðáñáêáëþ êáé êáôáëÜâåôå üôé áõôü ôï êåßìåíï åßíáé
ðéèáíü íá Ý÷åé ëÜèç. ÄéáâÜóôå ðáñáêáëþ üëá ôá áñ÷åßá README ðïõ
óõìðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé ìå ïðïéáäÞðïôå ôìÞìáôá ëïãéóìéêïý Ý÷ïõí ðåñéãñáöåß
óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò êáé áêñéâåßò
ðëçñïöïñßåò. Èá åðé÷åéñÞóù íá êñáôÞóù áõôü ôï êåßìåíï ÷ùñßò ëÜèç êáé
üóï ôï äõíáôüí ðéï åðßêáéñï. Oé åêäüóåéò ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý åßíáé
ðñüóöáôåò ôç óôéãìÞ ôçò óõããñáöÞò ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ.
Ìå êáíÝíá ôñüðï åãþ Þ ïé óõããñáöåßò ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï
ðñïóöÝñïõí ðñïóôáóßá áðü ôéò äéêÝò óáò ðñÜîåéò. Áí ñõèìßóåôå áõôü ôï
ëïãéóìéêü, áêüìç êáé üðùò Ý÷åé ðåñéãñáöåß óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï êáé óáò
äçìéïõñãåß ðñïâëÞìáôá óôï äßêôõü óáò, ôüôå åßóôå ï ìüíïò õðåýèõíïò.
ÓõìðåñéëáìâÜíù áõôÞ ôçí ðñïåéäïðïßçóç ãéáôß ï ó÷åäéáóìüò êáé ç ñýèìéóç
åíüò äéêôýïõ IPX äåí åßíáé ðÜíôá áðëÞ õðüèåóç êáé ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò
ìðïñåß íá ïäçãÞóåé óå áíåðéèýìçôç áëëçëåðßäñáóç ìå Üëëïõò äñïìïëïãçôÝò
(routers) êáé äéáêïìéóôÝò áñ÷åßùí (fileservers), áí äåí ó÷åäéÜóåôå êáé
ñõèìßóåôå ôï äßêôõï óáò ðñïóå÷ôéêÜ. Åðßóçò, óõìðåñéëáìâÜíù áõôÞí ôçí
ðñïåéäïðïßçóç ãéáôß ñùôÞèçêá áðü êÜðïéïí áñêåôÜ Üôõ÷ï ðïõ áíáêÜëõøå
áõôü ôï ìÜèçìá ìå ôïí äýóêïëï ôñüðï.
[1m3. Ó÷åôéêÞ Ôåêìçñßùóç.[0m
Áõôü ôï êåßìåíï õðïèÝôåé ðùò êáôáëáâáßíåôå ðþò íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíáí
Linux ðõñÞíá ìå ôéò êáôÜëëçëåò åðéëïãÝò äéêôýùóçò êáé üôé
êáôáëáâáßíåôå ðþò íá ÷åéñéóèåßôå ôá âáóéêÜ äéêôõáêÜ åñãáëåßá üðùò ôá
[4mifconfig[24m êáé [4mroute[24m. Aí ü÷é, ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï NET-3-HOWTO
<NET-3-HOWTO.html> óå óõíäõáóìü ìå áõôü åäþ ôï êåßìåíï, ìéá ðïõ åîçãåß
ôá ðáñáðÜíù.
¢ëëá êåßìåíá Linux HOWTO ðïõ ìðïñåß íá öáíïýí ÷ñÞóéìá åßíáé ôá åîÞò:
Ôï Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-HOWTO.html>, ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåé ôéò
ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ãéá ôç ñýèìéóç óõóêåõþí Ethernet ãéá ôï Linux.
Ôï PPP-HOWTO <PPP-HOWTO.html> êáèþò ç õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ôï IPX åßíáé
äéáèÝóéìç ãéá ôçí 2.2.Ïd Ýêäïóç êáé ôéò åðüìåíåò ôçò, óôçí õëïðïßçóç
ôïõ Linux PPP .
[1m3.1. ÍÝåò åêäüóåéò áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ[0m
Áí ôï áíôßãñáöï óáò áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï ðáëéü áðü äõï
ìçíþí, óáò óõíéóôþ áíåðéöýëáêôá íá áðïêôÞóåôå ìéá íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç. Ç
äéêôõáêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ôï Linux áëëÜæåé ðïëý ãñÞãïñá ìå íÝåò
âåëôéþóåéò êáé ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ, êáé åðïìÝíùò êáé áõôü ôï êåßìåíï
áëëÜæåé ó÷åôéêÜ óõ÷íÜ. Ç ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ðïõ ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ ìðïñåß
ðÜíôá íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous ftp áðü ôï:
[1msunsite.unc.edu[0m
/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO
Þ:
/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/IPX-HOWTO{-html.tar,ps,dvi}.gz
ìÝóù World Wide Web áðü ôï Linux Documentation Project Web Server
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/linux.html>, óôç óåëßäá: IPX-HOWTO
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO.html> Þ áðåõèåßáò áðü
åìÝíá, <terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au>. Ìðïñåß áêüìç íá
äçìïóéåýåôáé óôá newsgroups: comp.os.linux.networking,
comp.os.linux.answers êáé news.answers .
[1m3.2. ÁíÜäñáóç/Ó÷üëéá.[0m
Ãéá ó÷üëéá, ðáñáôçñÞóåéò, äéïñèþóåéò, åíçìåñþóåéò ðåñß ôçò ÅëëçíéêÞò
ìåôÜöñáóçò áõôïý ôïõ HOWTO, óôåßëôå email óôçí Âïýëá ÓáíéäÜ :
voulariba@hellug.gr Þ óôïí Åõñéðßäç Ðáðáêþóôá : evris@hellug.gr êáé
åíáëëáêôéêÜ : ep@rocketmail.com
Ðáñáêáëþ óôåßëôå ìïõ üðïéá ó÷üëéá, åíçìåñþóåéò, ðñïôÜóåéò,
<terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au>. ¼óï ãñçãïñüôåñá ðÜñù ôçí áíÜäñáóÞ
óáò, ôüóï ðéï ãñÞãïñá èá ìðïñÝóù íá åíçìåñþóù êáé íá äéïñèþóù áõôü ôï
êåßìåíï. Áí óõíáíôÞóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá ìå áõôü, ðáñáêáëþ óôåßëôå ìïõ
áðåõèåßáò email, êáèþò ôþñá ðïëý óðÜíéá äéáâÜæù ôá newsgroups.
[1m3.3. ÕðïóôÞñéîç áðü Ëßóôá ÌçíõìÜôùí/Áëëçëïãñáößáò.[0m
¸÷åé éäñõèåß ìéá ëßóôá ìçíõìÜôùí ãéá óõæÞôçóç ðåñß ôùí äéáöüñùí
ðáêÝôùí ëïãéóìéêïý ãéá Linux IPX ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óå áõôü ôï
êåßìåíï. Ìðïñåßôå íá åããñáöåßôå óå áõôÞ, óôÝëíïíôáò Ýíá ìÞíõìá óôï
'listserv@sh.cvut.cz' ìå ôçí ãñáììÞ `add linware' óôï êýñéï ìÝñïò ôïõ
ìçíýìáôïò. Ãéá íá óôåßëåôå óôç ëßóôá, óôåßëôå ôçí áëëçëïãñáößá óáò óôï
`linware@sh.cvut.cz'.
Ç ëßóôá áëëçëïãñáößáò áñ÷åéïèåôåßôáé óôï www.kin.vslib.cz
<http://www.kin.vslib.cz/hypermail/linware/>.
[1m4. Ìåñéêïß áðü ôïõò üñïõò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï.[0m
èá äåßôå óõ÷íÜ ôïõò üñïõò client êáé server íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå
áõôü ôï êåßìåíï. Åßíáé óõíÞèùò áñêåôÜ óõãêåêñéìÝíïé üñïé áëëÜ óå áõôü
ôï êåßìåíï Ý÷ù ãåíéêåýóåé ëßãï ôïõò ïñéóìïýò ôïõò, Ýôóé þóôå íá
óçìáßíïõí ôá åîÞò:
[1mðåëÜôçò (client)[0m
Ôï ìç÷Üíçìá Þ ðñüãñáììá ðïõ îåêéíÜ ìéá ðñÜîç Þ ìéá óýíäåóç ãéá
ôï óêïðü ôçò áðüêôçóçò êÜðïéùí õðçñåóéþí Þ äåäïìÝíùí.
[1mäéáêïìéóôÞò (server)[0m
Ôï ìç÷Üíçìá Þ ôï ðñüãñáììá ðïõ äÝ÷åôáé åéóåñ÷üìåíåò óõíäÝóåéò
áðü ðïëëáðëÜ áðïìáêñõóìÝíá ìç÷áíÞìáôá êáé ðáñÝ÷åé õðçñåóßá Þ
äåäïìÝíá óå áõôÜ.
Áõôïß ïé ïñéóìïß äåí åßíáé ïýôå ðïëý Ýãêõñïé, áëëÜ ðáñÝ÷ïõí Ýíá ìÝóï
ãéá íá îå÷ùñßóïõìå ôéò äýï Üêñåò ôùí óõíäÝóåùí óõóôçìÜôùí ðñïò óçìåßï,
üðùò ôï [4mSLIP[24m Þ ôï [4mPPP[24m ðïõ ðñáãìáôéêÜ äåí Ý÷ïõí ðåëÜôåò (clients) êáé
äéáêïìéóôÝò (servers).
Áëëïé üñïé ðïõ èá äåßôå åßíáé ïé åîÞò:
[1mBindery[0m
Ôï [4mbindery[24m åßíáé ìéá åîåéäéêåõìÝíç âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí áðïèÞêåõóçò
ðëçñïöïñßåò ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ äéêôýïõ óå Ýíáí äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí
Novell . ÐåëÜôåò ôïõ Netware ìðïñïýí íá ñùôÞóïõí ôï [4mbindery[24m ãéá
íá ðÜñïõí ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá äéáèÝóéìåò õðçñåóßåò, äñïìïëïãÞóåéò
êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò ÷ñçóôþí.
[1mFrame Type[0m
åßíáé Ýíáò üñïò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá ðåñéãñÜøåé ôï
ðñáãìáôéêü ðñùôüêïëëï ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá ìåôáöÝñïõìå ôá
IPX (êáé IP) datagrams óôá äéÜöïñá ôìÞìáôá äéêôýïõ Ethernet.
YðÜñ÷ïõí ôÝóóåñá êïéíÜ. Åßíáé ôá:
[1mEthernet-II[0m
Áõôü åßíáé ìéá áíáíåùìÝíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ áñ÷éêïý ðñïôýðïõ
ethernet DIX. Óôï Novell Ý÷åé äïèåß ìéá åðßóçìç ôáõôüôçôá
áíáãíþñéóçò ðñùôïêüëëïõ êáé áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé êáé ôï IPX êáé
ôï IP ìðïñïýí íá óõíõðÜñ÷ïõí áñìïíéêÜ óå Ýíá ðåñéâÜëëïí
Ethernet-IÉ. Áõôü ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óõ÷íÜ óå ðåñéâÜëëïíôá
Novell êáé åßíáé ìéá êáëÞ åðéëïãÞ.
[1m802.3[0m
Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá ðñùôüêïëëï ôçò É.Å.Å.Å. ðïõ ïñßæåé Ýíá
ìç÷áíéóìü Áíß÷íåõóçò ÖÝñïíôïò Ðïëëáðëþí ÐñïóâÜóåùí ìå
Åíôïðéóìü Óõãêñïýóåùí (Carrier Sense Multiple Access ìå
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)). Âáóßóôçêå óôï áñ÷éêü ðñüôõðï
Ethernet DIX, ìå ìéá óçìáíôéêÞ ôñïðïðïßçóç, ï ôýðïò ôïõ
ðåäßïõ ôçò ôáõôüôçôáò ôïõ ðñùôïêüëëïõ ìåôáôñÜðçêå óå Ýíá
ðåäßï ìÞêïõò (length field). Ãé' áõôü ôï ëüãï ôï IPX
ðñáãìáôéêÜ äåí ðñÝðåé íá ôï ôñÝîïõìå åäþ. Ôï IEEE 802.3
ó÷åäéÜóôçêå ãéá íá ìåôáöÝñåé [1mÌÏÍÏ [22mðáêÝôá IEEE 802.2 áëëÜ
õðÜñ÷ïõí ðñáãìáôïðïéÞóåéò ôïõ ðïõ ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ãéá íá
ìåôáöÝñïõí ðáêÝôá IPX Üìåóá êáé ðåñéÝñãùò ëåéôïõñãåß. Íá ôï
áðïöýãåôå åêôüò êáé áí åðé÷åéñåßôáé íá áëëçëåðéäñÜóåôå ìå
äßêôõï ðïõ Ý÷åé Þäç Ý÷åé ñõèìéóôåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß.
[1m802.2[0m
Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá I.E.E.E. ðñùôüêïëëï ðïõ ïñßæåé Ýíá óýíïëï áðü
äéáäéêáóßåò ÅëÝã÷ïõ Ëïãéêþí ÓõíäÝóåùí (Logical Link Control).
ÐáñÝ÷åé Ýíáí áðëïúêü ôñüðï óõíýðáñîçò äéáöïñåôéêþí
ðñùôïêüëëùí, áëëÜ åßíáé áñêåôÜ ðåñéïñéóìÝíï óå áõôü ôï èÝìá.
Ôï Íïvell ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Ýíá áíåðßóçìï Service Address Point
(ùò ôáõôüôçôá ðñùôïêüëëïõ) áëëÜ áöïý åðßóçò üëïé ôï
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí, äåí Ý÷åé áêüìç ðáñïõóéÜóåé ìåãÜëï ðñüâëçìá.
[1mSNAP[0m
Ôï SNAP åßíáé Ýíá Ðñùôüêïëëï Ðñüóâáóçò óå õðïäßêôõá. Aõôü
åßíáé ó÷åäéáóìÝíï ðÜíù áðü ôá 802.3 êáé 802.2. Åðåêôåßíåé ôçí
éêáíüôçôá õðïóôÞñéîçò ðïëëáðëþí ðñùôïêüëëùí ôïõ 802.2 êáé
ðáñÝ÷åé ïñéóìÝíá ìÝôñá óõìâáôüôçôáò ìå õðÜñ÷ïíôåò ôýðïõò
ðáêÝôùí Ethernet êáé Ethernet-II.
[1mIPX[0m
To Internet Packet e×change (IPX) åßíáé Ýíá ðñùôüêïëëï ðïõ
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôçí Íïvell ãéá íá ðáñÝ÷åé åíäïäéêôõáêÞ
õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ôï ðñïúüí ôïõò netware (tm). To IPX åßíáé
ðáñüìïéï óå ëåéôïõñãßá ìå ôï ðñùôüêïëëï ÉP ôï ïðïßï
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï ôçí êïéíüôçôá ôïõ tcp/ip.
[1mÄéåýèõíóç Äéêôýïõ IPX[0m
ÁõôÞ åßíáé Ýíáò áñéèìüò ðïõ ðñïóäéïñßæåé ìïíáäéêÜ Ýíá
óõãêåêñéìÝíï ÉPX äßêôõï. Ç óõíÞèçò ãñáöÞ ôçò äéåýèõíóçò áõôÞò
åßíáé óå äåêáåîáäéêü óýóôçìá. ¸íá ðáñÜäåéãìá ìðïñåß íá ìïéÜæåé
ìå:0x23a91002.
[1mÅóùôåñéêü Äßêôõï IPX[0m
Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá åéêïíéêü ÉPX äßêôõï. Åßíáé åéêïíéêü ãéáôß äåí
áíôéóôïé÷åß óå êÜðïéï öõóéêü äßêôõï. ×ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá
ðáñÝ÷åé Ýíá ìÝóï ìïíáäéêÞò ôáõôïðïßçóçò êáé äéåõèõíóéïäüôçóçò
åíüò óõãêåêñéìÝíïõ IPX ìç÷áíÞìáôïò. Áõôü åßíáé ãåíéêÜ ìüíï
÷ñÞóéìï óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìå IPX ðïõ áíÞêïõí óå ðåñéóóüôåñá áðü Ýíá
öõóéêÜ ÉPX äßêôõá óáí äéáêïìéóôÝò áñ÷åßùí. Ç äéåýèõíóç åßíáé
êùäéêïðïéçìÝíç óôçí ßäéá ìïñöÞ üðùò êáé ãéá ôá öõóéêÜ ÉPX
äßêôõá.
[1mRIP[0m
To Ðñùôüêïëëï Ðëçñïöïñéþí Äñïìïëüãçóçò (Routing Énformation
Protocol) åßíáé Ýíá ðñùôüêïëëï ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá
äéáäþóåé áõôüìáôá äñïìïëüãçóçò äéêôýùí óå Ýíá äßêôõï IPX. Åßíáé
ðáñüìïéï óå ëåéôïõñãßá ìå ôï RIP ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôçí
êïéíüôçôá tcp/ip.
[1mNCP[0m
To Âáóéêü Ðñùôüêïëëï Netware (Netware Core Protocol) åßíáé Ýíá
ðñùôüêïëëï äéêôõáêïý óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí, ó÷åäéáóìÝíï áðü ôçí
åôáéñåßá Íïvell ãéá ðñïúüí ôï Íetware(tm). Ôï NCP åßíáé ðáñüìïéï
óå ëåéôïõñãßá ìå ôï ÍFS ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôçí êïéíüôçôá
tcp/ip.
[1mSAP[0m
To Ðñùôüêïëëï ÄéáöÞìéóçò Õðçñåóßáò (Service Advertisement
Protocol) åßíáé Ýíá ðñùôüêïëëï ó÷åäéáóìÝíï áðü ôçí åôáéñåßá
Novell, ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá äéáöçìßóåé õðçñåóßåò äéêôýïõ
óå Ýíá ðåñéâÜëëïí Íetware (tm).
[1mÄéåýèõíóç Õëéêïý (Hardware address)[0m
Aõôü åßíáé Ýíáò áñéèìüò ìïíáäéêÜ ðñïóäéïñßæåé Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá óå
Ýíá öõóéêü äßêôõï, óôï åðßðåäï ðñüóâáóçò óôï öõóéêü ìÝóï.
Ðáñáäåßãìáôá ôÝôïéïõ ôýðïõ åßíáé ïé : [4mÄéåõèýíóåéò[24m [4mEthernet[0m
[4m(Ethernet[24m [4mAddresses)[24m Ìéá äéåýèõíóç Ethernet åßíáé ãåíéêÜ
êùäéêïðïéçìÝíç ùò Ýîé äåêáåîáäéêÝò ôéìÝò ÷ùñéóìÝíåò ìåôáîý ôïõò
ìå ôïí ÷áñáêôÞñá "Üíù êÜôù ôåëåßá" ð.÷. 00:60:8C:C3:3C:0F
[1mÄéáäñïìÞ - äñïìïëüãéï (route)[0m
Tï [4mroute[24m åßíáé ç äéáäñïìÞ ðïõ ôá ðáêÝôá óáò áêïëïõèïýí ìÝóá óôï
äßêôõï ãéá íá öèÜóïõí óôï ðñïïñéóìü ôïõò.
[1m5. Ôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï IPX áñ÷åßá óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí /proc .[0m
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôÜ áñ÷åßá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç IPX óôï Linux ðïõ
âñßóêïíôáé óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí /proc. ÁõôÜ åßíáé ôá åîÞò:
[1m/proc/net/ipx_interface[0m
Áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá IPX interfaces
ðïõ åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíá óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò. ÁõôÜ ßóùò íá Ý÷ïõí
ñõèìéóôåß ÷åéñïêßíçôá ìå êÜðïéá åíôïëÞ Þ íá Ý÷ïõí áíé÷íåõôåß êáé
ñõèìéóôåß áõôüìáôá.
[1m/proc/net/ipx_route[0m
Áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ðåñéÝ÷åé ìéá ëßóôá áðü äéáäñïìÝò ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí
óôïí IPX ðßíáêá äñïìïëïãÞóåùí. ÁõôÝò ïé äéáäñïìÝò Ý÷ïõí ßóùò
ðñïóôåèåß ÷åéñïêßíçôá ìå êÜðïéá åíôïëÞ Þ áõôüìáôá áðü Ýíáí IPX
äáßìïíá äñïìïëïãÞóåùí.
[1m/proc/net/ipx[0m
Áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï åßíáé ìéá ëßóôá áðü IPX õðïäï÷Ýò (sockets) ðïõ
åßíáé áõôÞ ôç óôéãìÞ áíïé÷ôÜ ãéá ÷ñÞóç óôï ìç÷Üíçìá.
[1m6. Ôá IPX Åñãáëåßá ôïõ Greg Pages.[0m
Ï Greg Page <greg@caldera.com ôçò Caldera Incorporated Ý÷åé ãñÜøåé Ýíá
óýíïëï áðü åñãáëåßá ñýèìéóçò ôïõ IPX êáé Ý÷åé åðåêôåßíåé ôçí
õðïóôÞñéîç ôïõ ðõñÞíá ôïõ Linux ãéá IPX.
Ïé åðåêôÜóåéò ôïõ ðõñÞíá åðéôñÝðïõí óôï Linux íá ñõèìéóôåß óáí Ýíáò
ðëÞñùò éêáíüò äñïìïëïãçôÞò Þ ãÝöõñá IPX. Ç åìðëïõôéóìÝíç IPX
õðïóôÞñéîç Ý÷åé Þäç êõêëïöïñÞóåé ìÝóù ôùí ãíùóôþí êýñéùí äéáíïìþí
ðõñÞíá, ïðüôå ðéèáíÜ íá ôçí Ý÷åôå Þäç.
Ôá åñãáëåßá ñýèìéóçò ôïõ äéêôýïõ óáò ðáñÝ÷ïõí ôç äõíáôüôçôá íá
ñõèìßóåôå ôéò óõóêåõÝò ôïõ äéêôýïõ óáò þóôå íá õðïóôçñßîïõí IPX êáé
óáò åðéôñÝðïõí íá ñõèìßóåôå ôçí IPX äñïìïëüãçóç êáé Üëëåò åõêïëßåò
êÜôù áðü ôï Linux. Tá Linux åñãáëåßá ôïõ äéêôýïõ IPX åßíáé äéáèÝóéìá
áðü ôï: sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs/ipx.tgz>.
[1m6.1. Tá åñãáëåßá IPX ìå ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.[0m
[1mipx_interface[0m
ÁõôÞ ç åíôïëÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóïõìå, íá äéáãñÜøïõìå
Þ íá åëÝãîïõìå ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôçí ÉPX éêáíüôçôá óå ìéá õðÜñ÷ïõóá
óõóêåõÞ äéêôýïõ. ÖõóéïëïãéêÜ, ç óõóêåõÞ äéêôýïõ èá Þôáí ìéá
óõóêåõÞ Ethernet üðùò eth0. ÔïõëÜ÷éóôïí Ýíá IPX interface
ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ðñïóäéïñéóìÝíï óáí [4mprimary[24m interface êáé ôï [4m-p[0m
flag óå áõôÞ ôçí åíôïëÞ ôï êÜíåé áõôü. Ð.÷. ãéá íá
åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôç óõóêåõÞ Ethernet eth0 ãéá äõíáôüôçôá IPX óáí
ôï êýñéï IPX interface ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï IEEE 802.2 frame type
êáé ôç äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ ÉPX 39ab02222 èá ãñÜöáôå ôï åîÞò:
# ipx_interface add -p eth0 802.2 0x39ab0222
Áí åìöáíéóôåß êÜðïéï ëÜèïò êáèþò ôñÝ÷åôå áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá êáé
Ýôõ÷å íá ìçí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé áêüìç ôï tcp/ip, ôüôå èá äåßôå üôé
÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá îåêéíÞóåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôï eth0 interface
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ:
# ifconfig eth0 up
[1mipx_configure[0m
ÁõôÞ ç åíôïëÞ åíåñãïðïéåß Þ áðåíåñãïðïéåß ôçí áõôüìáôç åðéëïãÞ
ôçò ñýèìéóçò ôïõ interface êáé ôùí åðéëïãþí ôïõ êõñßïõ
interface.
--auto_interface
Óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá åðéëÝîåôå áí ïé íÝåò óõóêåõÝò äéêôýïõ èá
ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßæïíôáé áõôüìáôá óáí IPX óõóêåõÝò Þ ü÷é.
--auto_primary
Óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá åðéëÝîåôå áí ôï IPX ëïãéóìéêü èá ðñÝðåé íá
åðéëÝãåé áõôüìáôá Ýíá êýñéï interface Þ ü÷é.
¸íá ôõðéêü ðáñÜäåéãìá èá Þôáí íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå êáé ôçí áõôüìáôç
ñýèìéóç ôïõ interface êáé ôçí áõôüìáôç åðéëïãÞ ôïõ êýñéïõ
interface ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:
# ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
[1mipx_internal_net[0m
ÁõôÞ ç åíôïëÞ óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå Þ íá áðïñõèìßóåôå ìéá
åóùôåñéêÞ äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ. Ç åóùôåñéêÞ äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ åßíáé
ðñïáéñåôéêÞ, áëëÜ üôáí Ý÷åé ñõèìéóôåß èá åßíáé ðÜíôá ôï êýñéï
interface. Ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ìéá äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ ÉPX ôïõ
ab000000 óå Ýíá êüìâï IPX 1 èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå :
# ipx_internal_net add 0xab000000 1
[1mipx_route[0m
ÁõôÞ ç åíôïëÞ óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôïí
ðßíáêá IPX äñïìïëïãÞóåùí. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá
äéáäñïìÞ óôï IPX äßêôõï 39ab0222 ìÝóù åíüò äñïìïëïãçôÞ ìå áñéèìü
êüìâïõ 00608CC33C0F óå Ýíá IPX äßêôõï 39ab0108:
# ipx_route add 0x39ab0222 0x39ab0108 0x00608CC33C0F
[1m7. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá IPX äñïìïëïãçôÞ (router).[0m
Áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá áñéèìü áðü IPX ôìÞìáôá (segments) ôá ïðïßá åðéèõìåßôå íá
äéáóõíäÝóåôå ìÝóù äéêôýïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ôéò õðçñåóßåò åíüò äñïìïëïãçôÞ.
Óå ðåñéâÜëëïí Novell õðÜñ÷ïõí äõï ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ åßíáé áðáñáßôçôåò íá
äéáäïèïýí óôï äßêôõï. Åßíáé ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò äñïìïëüãçóçò äéêôýïõ ðïõ
äéáäßäïíôáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Novell RIP êáé ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò
äéáöÞìéóçò õðçñåóéþí (service advertisement information) ðïõ
äéáäßäïíôáé xñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Novell SAP. ÏðïéïóäÞðïôå äñïìïëïãçôÞò
ðñÝðåé íá õðïóôçñßæåé êáé ôá äýï áõôÜ ðñùôüêïëëá ôá ïðïßá åßíáé
÷ñÞóéìá óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò.
Ôï Linux õðïóôçñßæåé êáé ôá äýï áõôÜ ðñùôüêïëëá êáé ìðïñåß åýêïëá íá
ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óáí Ýíáò äñïìïëïãçôÞò ðëÞñùò óõìâáôüò ìå Novell.
Ç õðïóôÞñéîç IPX ôïõ ðõñÞíá ôïõ Linux äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ôï IPX ðáêÝôï
ðñïùèþíôáò ôï äéá ìÝóïõ ôùí interfaces, áëëÜ áõôü ôï êÜíåé óýìöùíá ìå
ôïõò êùäéêïðïéçìÝíïõò êáíüíåò óôïí IPX ðßíáêá äñïìïëïãÞóåùí. Ôï Linux
÷ñåéÜæåôáé Ýíá ðñüãñáììá ãéá íá õëïðïéÞóåé ôï Novell RIP êáé SAP, ãéá
íá óéãïõñÝøåé üôé ï IPX ðßíáêáò äñïìïëïãÞóåùí åßíáé äïìçìÝíïò óùóôÜ
êáé åíçìåñþíåôáé ðåñéïäéêÜ þóôå íá áíôáíáêëÜ ôéò áëëáãÝò óôçí
êáôÜóôáóç äéêôýïõ.
Ï Volker Lendecke <lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> Ý÷åé áíáðôýîåé Ýíá äáßìïíá
äñïìïëüãçóçò ðïõ èá ôï êÜíåé ãéá óáò.
Èá âñåßôå ôï [4mipxripd[24m óôï:
sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs/ipxripd-0.7.tgz>
Þ óôç óåëßäá ôùí Volkers óôï:
ftp.gwdg.de <ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/ipxripd-0.7.tgz>
Ç ñýèìéóç ôïõ Linux ìç÷áíÞìáôüò óáò þóôå íá óõìðåñéöÝñåôáé óá
äñïìïëïãçôÞò åßíáé ðñïöáíÞò. Tá âÞìáôá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå åßíáé ôá
åîÞò:
1. ×ôßóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ìå õðïóôÞñéîç IPX, Ethernet êáé /proc .
2. ÐÜñôå, ìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï [4mipxd[24m äáßìïíá.
3. ÎåêéíÞóôå ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá êáé âåâáéùèåßôå üôé êÜèå ìéá áðü ôéò
êÜñôåò Ethernet Ý÷åé áíáãíùñéóèåß óùóôÜ êáé äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí hardware
óõãêñïýóåéò (conflicts).
4. ÅíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôï ðñùôüêïëëï IPX óå êÜèå Ýíá áðü ôá interfaces
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ [4mipx_interface[24m ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöôçêå ðáñáðÜíù.
5. ÎåêéíÞóôå ôï [4mipxd[24m äáßìïíá.
Áò èåùñÞóïõìå ôï áêüëïõèï áðëü äßêôõï:
IPX Äéåõè: 0x01000000 802.2
|----------------------------|
|
\_________________________
\ Linux ÄñïìïëïãçôÞò
IPX Äéåõè: 0x02000000 802.2 \
|----------------------------| \ eth0/-----------\
| \--====| |
\_________________________ | IPX route |
\ eth1| Table |
IIPX Äéåõè: 0x03000000 etherII \----====| ^ |
|-------------------------------| | | |
| eth2| IPXd |
\______________________________/====| |
| SAPd |
IPX Äéåõè: 0x04000000 etherII eth3| |
|------------------------------| /====| |
| | \___________/
\______________________________/
Ç ñýèìéóç ãéá ôï ðáñáðÜíù äßêôõï èá ìïéÜæåé ìå :
# ipx_interface add eth0 802.2 0x0100000000
# ipx_interface add eth1 802.2 0x0200000000
# ipx_interface add eth2 etherii 0x0300000000
# ipx_interface add eth3 etherii 0x0400000000
# ipxd
Èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéìÝíåôå ãéá ëßãï êáé íá åëÝãîåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
/proc/net/ipx_route êáé ðñÝðåé íá ôï äåßôå íá Ý÷åé åìðëïõôéóèåß ìå ôéò
äñïìïëïãÞóåéò ôïõ IPX ó÷åôéêÝò ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò óáò êáé ìå üðïéåò
Üëëåò äéáäñïìÝò Ýìáèå áðü Üëëïõò äñïìïëïãçôÝò óôï äßêôõï.
[1m7.1. ×ñåéÜæåôáé íá ñõèìßóù Ýíá åóùôåñéêü äßêôõï;[0m
Ôï Íïvell Ý÷åé Ýíá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ðïõ ïíïìÜæåôáé åóùôåñéêü äßêôõï, ðïõ
ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ãéá íá áðëïðïéÞóåé ôç äñïìïëüãçóç óå ðåñéðôþóåéò üðïõ
ï host Ý÷åé ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü ìßá óõóêåõÝò äéêôýïõ óõíäåäåìÝíåò. Áõôü
åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ ï äéáêïìéóôÞò áñ÷åßùí åßíáé
óõíäåäåìÝíïò ìå ðïëëáðëÜ äßêôõá êáèþò óçìáßíåé üôé ìüíï ìéá äéáäñïìÞ
÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá äéáöçìéóôåß ãéá íá öèÜóåé ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ Üó÷åôá áðü ðïéï
äßêôõï ðñïóðáèåßôå.
Óôç ðåñßðôùóç ñýèìéóçò üðïõ äåí ôñÝ÷åôå ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí êáé ôï
ìç÷Üíçìá óáò óõìðåñéöÝñåôáé ìüíï óá äñïìïëïãçôÞò IPX, ç åñþôçóç äåí
åßíáé ôüóï åýêïëï íá áðáíôçèåß. ¸÷åé áíáöåñèåß üôé ç ñýèìéóç ãéá
IPX/PPP ëåéôïõñãåß 'êáëýôåñá' áí ñõèìßóåôå åðßóçò Ýíá åóùôåñéêü
äßêôõï.
Óå êÜèå ðåñßðôùóç åßíáé åýêïëï íá ãßíåé, áëëÜ ßóùò áðáéôÞóåé íá
îáíá÷ôéóôåß ï ðõñÞíáò óáò. 1/4ôáí äïõëåýåôå ìÝóù ôïõ make config ôïõ
ðõñÞíá ðñÝðåé íá áðáíôÞóôå y üôáí åñùôçèåßôå Full internal IPX
network, üðùò äåß÷íåé ðáñáêÜôù:
...
...
Full internal IPX network (CONFIG_IPX_INTERN) [N/y/?] y
...
...
Ãéá íá ñõèìéóôåß ôï åóùôåñéêü interface ôïõ äéêôýïõ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
ôçí åíôïëÞ [4mipx_internal_net[24m ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöôçêå íùñßôåñá óôï ÔìÞìá
Åñãáëåßá ãéá IPX. ÐñÝðåé íá ëçöèåß ðñïóï÷Þ óôï íá åßíáé ìïíáäéêÞ óôï
äßêôõï óáò ç IPX äéåýèõíóç ôïõ ðïõ áíáèÝóáôå êáé üôé êáíÝíá Üëëï
ìç÷Üíçìá Þ äßêôõï äåí ôç ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß.
[1m8. Ñõèìßóôå ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáò óáí NCP ðåëÜôç (client).[0m
Áí åßóôå ÷ñÞóôçò åíüò äéêôýïõ äéáöïñåôéêþí ôå÷íïëïãéþí ðïõ óõíäõÜæåé
êáé ôá äõï, IP êáé IPX, ðñùôüêïëëá åßíáé ðéèáíüí üôé êÜðïéá óôéãìÞ èá
èÝëåôå ôï Linux íá ðñïóðåëáýíåé äåäïìÝíá áðïèçêåõìÝíá óå Ýíá
äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí Novell ôïõ äéêôýïõ óáò. Ç Novell Ý÷åé ðñïóöÝñåé Ýíá
ðáêÝôï NFS server ãéá ôïõò äéáêïìéóôÝò áñ÷åßùí, ðïõ ôï êÜíåé äõíáôü,
áëëÜ áí åßóôå Ýíá ìéêñü site Þ Ý÷åôå ìüíï Ýíáí ìéêñü áñéèìü áíèñþðùí
ðïõ åíäéáöÝñïíôáé íá ôï êÜíïõí áõôü, åßíáé äýóêïëï íá äéêáéïëïãÞóåôå
ôï êüóôïò ôïõ åìðïñéêïý ðáêÝôïõ.
Ï Volker Lendecke <lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> Ý÷åé ãñÜøåé Ýíá Linux
module ãéá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé Ýíá õðïóýíïëï ôïõ Novell
NCP ðïõ èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå äßóêïõò Novell óôï óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí ôïõ Linux óáò ÷ùñßò íá áðáéôïýíôáé ðñüóèåôá ðñïúüíôá ãéá ôïí
äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí óáò. ï Volker oíüìáóå ôï ðáêÝôï [4mncpfs[24m êáé áðÝóðáóå
ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò ðëçñïöïñßåò êõñßùò áðü ôï âéâëßï
"Netzwerkprogrammierung in C" ôïõ Manfred Hill êáé Ralf Zessin
(ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ôïõ âéâëßïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïíôáé ìÝóá óôï README
áñ÷åßï óôï ðáêÝôï [4mncpfs[24m).
Ôï ëïãéóìéêü êÜíåé ôo Linux íá ðñïóïìïéÜæåé ìå Ýíá öõóéïëïãéêü óôáèìü
åñãáóßáò Novell ãéá õðçñåóßåò áñ÷åßùí. Áêüìç óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåé ìéá ìéêñÞ
åêôõðùôéêÞ åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ôõðþóåôå óå ïõñÝò åêôýðùóçò
Novell (Aõôü ôåêìçñéþíåôáé áñãüôåñá óôï ÔìÞìá "ÐåëÜôçò Åêôõðþóåùí").
Ôï ðáêÝôï [4mncpfs[24m èá ðáßîåé ìå äéáêïìéóôÝò áñ÷åßùí Novell ôçò Ýêäïóçò
3.x êáé íåüôåñïõò, äåí èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé ìå ôï Novell 2.x. Tï [4mncpfs[0m
client èá ëåéôïõñãåß ìå ðñïúüíôá ðïõ åßíáé éó÷õñÜ óõìâáôÜ ìå Novell ,
áëëÜ äõóôõ÷þò ïñéóìÝíá ðñïúüíôá ðïõ éó÷õñßæïíôáé üôé åßíáé óõìâáôÜ äåí
åßíáé êáé ôüóï. Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï [4mncpfs[24m ìå äéáêïìéóôÝò
áñ÷åßùí Novell 4.x , ï äéáêïìéóôÞò áñ÷åßùí ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìéóôåß ãéá íá
ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óå bindery emulation mode, ãéáôß ôï [4mncpfs[24m äåí õðïóôçñßæåé
áêüìç ôï NDS.
[1m8.1. Áðïêôþíôáò ôï ncpfs .[0m
Ôï íåüôåñï ðáêÝôï [4mncpfs[24m ó÷åäéÜóôçêå ãéá íá ÷ôéóôåß ìå ôïí ðõñÞíá
Ýêäïóçò 1.2.13 Þ ðõñÞíåò ìåôÜ áðü ôç Ýêäïóç 1.3.71 (áõôü
óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåé êáé ôïõò 2.x.x) Áí äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá
êáìßáò áðü áõôÝò ôéò êáôçãïñßåò, ôüôå èá ðñÝðåé íá áíáâáèìßóåôå ôïí
ðõñÞíá óáò . Tï Kernel-HOWTO <Kernel-HOWTO.html> ðåñéãñÜöåé ëåðôïìåñþò
ðùò íá ôï êÜíåôå.
Ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜñåôå ôï ðáêÝôï [4mncpfs[24m ìå áíþíõìï ftp áðü ôï home site ôïõ
Volker óôï: ftp.gwdg.de <ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/> Þ
sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs> Þ mirror
site. Ç ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ãñÜöù åßíáé ç åîÞò:
ncpfs-2.0.10.tgz
[1m8.2. ×ôßæïíôáò ôï ncpfs ãéá ôïí ðõñÞíá 1.2.13.[0m
[1mÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá ìå õðïóôÞñéîç Ethernet êáé IPX[0m
. Ôï ðñþôï ðñÜãìá ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå íá êÜíåôå åßíáé íá åîáóöáëßóåôå
ðùò ï ðõñÞíáò óáò äçìéïõñãÞèçêå ìå åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç õðïóôÞñéîç
IPX. Óôï ðõñÞíá Ýêäïóçò 1.2.13 ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ìüíï íá óéãïõñÝøåôå
üôé Ý÷åôå áðáíôÞóåé Y óôç åñþôçóç: 'The IPX protocol' üðùò
äåß÷íåé ðáñáêÜôù:
...
...
Assume subnets are local (CONFIG_INET_SNARL) [y]
Disable NAGLE algorithm (normally enabled) (CONFIG_TCP_NAGLE_OFF) [n]
The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [n] y
*
* SCSI support
...
...
×ñåéÜæåôáé áêüìç íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé óõìðåñéëÜâáôå Ýíá êáôÜëëçëï
ïäçãü ãéá ôçí Ethernet êÜñôá óáò. Áí äåí ãíùñßæåôå ðþò íá êÜíåôå
áõôü, ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-
HOWTO.html>.
Ôþñá ìðïñåßôå íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óôï ÷ôßóéìï ôïõ ðõñÞíá óáò. Èõìçèåßôå
íá íá ôñÝîåôå ôï [4mlilo[24m ãéá íá ôïí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå üôáí Ý÷åôå
ôåëåéþóåé.
[1mÊÜíåôå Untar ôï ëïãéóìéêü [4m[22mncpfs[0m
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz ncpfs-2.0.10.tgz
# cd ncpfs
[1mÅëÝãîôå ôï Makefile[0m
Áí óêïðåýåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï [4mkerneld[24m ãéá íá öïñôþíåôå
áõôüìáôá ôá [4mncpfs[24m module ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá âãÜëåôå áðü
ôá ó÷üëéá ôç ãñáììÞ óôï Makefile ðïõ áíáöÝñåôå óôï: KERNELD. Áí
äåí åßóôå âÝâáéïò ôé óçìáßíåé áõôü ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï
Kernel-HOWTO <Kernel-HOWTO.html> ãéá íá åîïéêåéùèåßôå ìå ôéò
ñõèìßóåéò ôùí module ôïõ ðõñÞíá.
[1mÊÜíå make ôï ëïãéóìéêü [4m[22mncpfs[0m
Tï ëïãéóìéêü ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß Üíåôá, ÷ùñßò íá áðáéôåßôáé
êÜðïéá Üëëç ñýèìéóç:
# make
[1mÁíôéãñÜøôå ôá IPX åñãáëåßá êÜðïõ áí äåí ôï Ý÷åôå Þäç êÜíåé.[0m
¼ôáí ôåëåéþóåé ôï [4mmake[24m , ðñÝðåé íá âñåßôå üëá ôá åñãáëåßá ðïõ
÷ñåéÜæåóôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï ncpfs/bin. Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôï:
# make install
ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôá åñãáëåßá óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò ðïõ åðÝëåîå ï
Volkers. Áí ôñÝ÷åôå Ýíá óýóôçìá âáóéóìÝíï óå ELF, ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá
îáíáôñÝîåôå ôï `ldconfig -v' ãéá íá óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé ìðïñåß íá
âñåèåß ç shared âéâëéïèÞêç.
[1mÁíôéãñÜøôå ôï module [4m[22mncpfs.o[24m [1móå êÜðïéï ìÝñïò ÷ñÞóéìï áí åßíáé[0m
[1máðáñáßôçôï.[0m
Áí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá 1.2.* ôüôå èá âñåßôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
ncpfs/bin Ýíá áñ÷åßï ðïõ ïíïìÜæåôáé ncpfs.o, áöïý ôï [4mmake[24m Ý÷åé
ôåëåéþóåé. Áõôü åßíáé ôï module ôïõ ðõñÞíá [4mncpfs[24m. ÐñÝðåé íá ôï
áíôéãñÜøåôå óå êÜðïéï ìÝñïò ÷ñÞóéìï. Óôï [4mdebian[24m óýóôçìá ìïõ, ôï
Ý÷ù áíôéãñÜøåé óôïí êáôÜëïãï /lib/modules/1.2.13/fs êáé Ý÷ù
ðñïóèÝóåé ôï ncpfs óôï áñ÷åßï /etc/modules Ýôóé þóôå íá îåêéíÜ
áõôüìáôá êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
êÜðïéá Üëëç äéáíïìÞ, èá ðñÝðåé íá âñåßôå ðïý öõëÜåé ôá modules
ôçò êáé íá ôï áíôéãñÜøåôå åêåß, Þ áðëÜ áíôéãñÜøôå ôï óôïí
êáôÜëïãï /etc. Ãéá íá öïñôþóåôå ôá modules ÷åéñïêßíçôá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ:
# insmod ncpfs.o
[1m8.3. ×ôßæïíôáò ôï ncpfs ãéá ðõñÞíåò 1.3.71++/2.0.*.[0m
Ãéá ôçí ôåëåõôáßá ÝêäïóÞ ôïõ [4mncpfs[24m èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí
ðõñÞíá 1.3.71 Þ íåþôåñï ôïõ, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí êáé ôùí 2.0.* .
Áí óêïðåýåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéïí ðõñÞíá ðïõ åßíáé Ýêäïóçò
1.3.71 Þ ðéï ðñüóöáôïò, ôüôå ï êþäéêáò ôïõ [4mncpfs[24m Ý÷åé óõìðåñéëçöèåß
óôç äéáíïìÞ ôïõ ðõñÞíá. ×ñåéÜæåôáé ìüíï íá áðáíôÞóåôå Y óôo:
Networking options --->
...
...
<*> The IPX protocol
...
Filesystems --->
...
...
<*> NCP filesystem support (to mount NetWare volumes)
...
×ñåéÜæåôáé áêüìá íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ãéá ôï ÷ôßóéìï ôùí
ðõñÞíùí 1.2.*, Ýôóé þóôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóôå ôá åñãáëåßá áëëÜ äåí èá
õðÜñ÷åé áñ÷åßï module íá åãêáôáóôáèåß.
[1m8.4. Ñõèìßæïíôáò êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ncpfs .[0m
[1mÑýèìéóç ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý åíüò äéêôýïõ IPX[0m
. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äõï ôñüðïé ñýèìéóçò ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý åíüò äéêôýïõ IPX.
Ìðïñåßôå íá ñõèìßóåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá üëåò ôéò ðáñáìÝôñïõò ôïõ IPX
äéêôýïõ óáò Þ íá áöÞóåôå óôï ëïãéóìéêü íá áðïöáóßóåé ïñéóìÝíåò
ëïãéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ:
# ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
Áõôü ðñÝðåé íá áñêåß óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, áëëÜ áí äåí
ðáßæåé óå óáò ôüôå äéáâÜóôå ôï ôìÞìá 'Åñãáëåßá IPX (IPX tools)'
ðáñáðÜíù ãéá íá ôï ñõèìßóåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá.
[1m¸ëåã÷ïò ñõèìßóåùí[0m
Áöïý ôï ÉPX äßêôõï óáò Ý÷åé ñõèìéóôåß èá ðñÝðåé íá ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ [4mslist[24m ãéá íá äåßôå ìéá ëßóôá áðü üëïõò
ôïõò äéáêïìéóôÝò áñ÷åßùí Novell ôïõ äéêôýïõ óáò:
# slist
Áí ç åíôïëÞ slist âãÜëåé êÜðïéï ìÞíõìá óáí áõôü: ncp_connect:
Invalid argument ôüôå ï ðõñÞíáò óáò ßóùò íá ìçí õðïóôçñßæåé IPX. Íá
åëÝãîåôå üôé ðñÜãìáôé Ý÷åôå åêêéíÞóåé ôïí êáôÜëëçëï ðõñÞíá. ÊáôÜ
ôçí åêêßíçóç, ðñÝðåé íá äåßôå óôá ìçíýìáôá åêêßíçóçò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
ìçíýìáôá üðùò 'IPX' êáé 'ncpfs'. Áí ç åíôïëÞ [4mslist[24m äåí åìöáíßæåé
üëïõò ôïõò äéáêïìéóôÝò áñ÷åßùí ôïõ äéêôýïõ óáò ôüôå ßóùò íá
÷ñåéáóôåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôç ìÝèïäï ÷åéñïêßíçôçò ñýèìéóçò ôïõ
äéêôýïõ.
[1mÐñïóÜñôçóç åíüò äßóêïõ (volume) Novell(tm).[0m
Áí ôï ëïãéóìéêü äéêôýïõ ãéá IPX ëåéôïõñãåß êáíïíéêÜ, èá ðñÝðåé
ôþñá íá ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå Ýíá äßóêï åíüò äéáêïìéóôÞ
áñ÷åßùí Novell óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ôïõ Linux óáò. Ç åíôïëÞ
[4mncpmount[24m ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá áõôü ôï óêïðü êáé áðáéôåß íá
ðñïóäéïñßóåôå ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí ôéò áêüëïõèåò ðëçñïöïñßåò:
1. Tï üíïìá ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí
2. Tçí ôáõôüôçôá ôïõ login óáò óôï äéáêïìéóôÞ. Áí Ý÷åôå êáé
password èá ôï ÷ñåéáóôåßôå êáé áõôü.
3. Tï óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò ð÷, åêåß üðïõ èÝëåôå íá ðñïóáñôçèåß ï
äßóêïò. Áõôü èá åßíáé Ýíáò õðÜñ÷ùí êáôÜëïãïò óôï ìç÷Üíçìá
óáò.
ÕðÜñ÷åé ìéá áíôßóôïé÷ç åíôïëÞ [4mncpumount[24m ãéá íá áðïðñïóáñôÞóåôå
Ýíá ðñïóáñôçìÝíï NCP óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí. Tá NCP óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí
áðïðñïóáñôçèïýí ïìáëÜ (cleanly) áí êáôåâÜóåôå (shutdown) ôï
ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ïìáëÜ, Ýôóé äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá áíçóõ÷Þóåôå ãéá íá
êÜíåôå [4mncpumoun[24m ôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí óáò ÷åéñïêßíçôá ðñéí ôï
[4mhalt[24m Þ ôï [4mshutdown[24m.
¸íá ðáñÜäåéãìá åíôïëÞò ãéá íá ðñïóáñìüóïõìå ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ
áñ÷åßùí ACCT_FS01, ìå Ýíá login id guest êáé êáíÝíá êùäéêü, êÜôù
áðü ôïí êáôÜëïãï /mnt/Accounts ìðïñåß íá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí
áêüëïõèç:
# ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -n
Óçìåéþóôå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò åðéëïãÞò -n, ãéá íá äåßîåôå üôé êáíÝíáò
êùäéêüò äåí áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôï login. Ôï ßäéï login üôáí
ðñïóäéïñßæïõìå êáé êùäéêü (password) secret èá ìïéÜæåé ìå:
# ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -P secret
Áí äåí ðñïóäéïñßóåôå ôéò åðéëïãÝò -n Þ -P èá åñùôçèåßôå ãéá êùäéêü.
[1mÍá åëÝãîåôå ôï áðïôÝëåóìá ôçò åíôïëÞò mount[0m
Áí ç åíôïëÞ mount åßíáé åðéôõ÷çìÝíç èá Ý÷åôå ôïõò äßóêïõò
áõôïýò ðñïóâÜóéìïõò, óôï ÷ñÞóôç ìå userid áõôÞí ðïõ
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞèçêå êáôÜ ôï login, ùò êáôÜëïãïõò êÜôù áðü ôï óçìåßï
ðñïóÜñôçóçò. Èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ìðïñåßôå íá äéáó÷ßæåôå ôçí
äïìÞ ôùí êáôáëüãùí ãéá íá âñåßôå ü,ôé Üëëá áñ÷åßá. ÅðåéäÞ ôï
ÍCP äåí ðáñÝ÷åé uid Þ gid éäéüôçôåò áñ÷åßùí, üëá ôá áñ÷åßá èá
Ý÷ïõí ôéò ßäéåò éäéüôçôåò éäéïêôçóßáò ìå ôïí áñ÷éêü êáôÜëïãï
ðñïóÜñôçóçò, Ý÷åôå ôï ëïéðüí óôï íïõ óáò, üôáí ìïéñÜæåôå ôéò
ðñïóáñôÞóåéò ìåôáîý Linux ÷ñçóôþí.
[1mÑýèìéóç ôùí ðñïóáñôÞóåùí þóôå åêôåëïýíôáé áõôüìáôá.[0m
Áí Ý÷åôå áíÜãêç ãéá êÜðïéá ìüíéìç ðñïóÜñôçóç ôýðïõ ncp ôüôå èá
èåëÞóåôå íá ñõèìßóåôå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÝò óôá áñ÷åßá [4mrc[24m, Ýôóé
þóôå íá óõìâáßíïõí áõôüìáôá êáôÜ ôçí þñá ôçò åêêßíçóçò. Áí ç
äéáíïìÞ óáò äåí ðáñÝ÷åé Þäç êÜðïéï ôñüðï ñýèìéóçò ôïõ IPX, üðùò
ôï debian, ôüôå óáò óõíéóôþ íá ôéò ôïðïèåôÞóåôå óôï
/etc/rc.local áñ÷åßï óáò, áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá. ºóùò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
êÜôé óáí:
#
# Start the ncp filesystem
/sbin/insmod /lib/modules/1.2.13/fs/ncpfs.o
# configure the IPX network
ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
# guest login to the Accounting äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí
ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -n
#
ÕðÜñ÷åé êáé Üëëï ìÝóï ãéá íá ñõèìéóôïýí ïé NCP ðñïóáñôÞóåéò êáé
áõôü ãßíåôáé ìå ôç äçìéïõñãßá åíüò áñ÷åßïõ $HOME/.nwclient. Áõôü ôï
áñ÷åßï ðåñéÝ÷åé ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ãéá ôéò ðñïóùñéíÝò ðñïóáñôÞóåéò Þ ôéò
ðñïóáñôÞóåéò óõãêåêñéìÝíùí ÷ñçóôþí, ðïõ èá åêôåëïýíôáé óõ÷íÜ. Óáò
åðéôñÝðåé íá áðïèçêåýóåôå ôéò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ôùí ðñïóáñôÞóåùí Ýôóé
þóôå íá ìðïñåßôå íá ôá îáíáäçìéïõñãÞóåôå ÷ùñßò íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé êÜèå
öïñÜ íá ðñïóäéïñßæåôå üëåò ôéò ðáñáìÝôñïõò.
Ç óýíôáîç åßíáé ó÷åäüí áõôïíüçôç:
# The first entry is the 'preferred server' entry and is
# used whenever you do no specify a server explicitly.
#
# User TERRY login to DOCS_FS01 fileserver with password 'password'
DOCS_FS01/TERRY password
#
# Guest login to the ACCT_FS01 fileserver with no password.
ACCT_FS01/GUEST -
Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áõôÝò ôéò ðñïóáñôÞóåéò ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå:
$ ncpmount /home/terry/docs
ãéá íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ôï: DOCS_FS01 ìå TERRY ùò login êÜôù áðü ôïí
êáôÜëïãï /home/terry/docs. Óçìåéþóôå üôé ç êáôá÷þñçóç áõôÞ
åðéëÝ÷ôçêå, ãéáôß êáíÝíáò äéáêïìéóôÞò áñ÷åßùí äåí êáèïñßóôçêå óôç
åíôïëÞ ðñïóÜñôçóçò (mount). Áí äßíáôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ :
$ ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /home/terry/docs
ôüôå ôï ACCT_FS01 èá ðñïóáñôéüôáí åêåß ìå GUEST login .
[1mÓçìåßùóç: [22mãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé áõôüò ï ìç÷áíéóìüò ïé éäéüôçôåò
(permissions) ôïõ $HOME/.nwclient áñ÷åßïõ, èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé 0600.
Èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ëïéðüí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôç åíôïëÞ:
$ chmod 0600 $HOME/.nwclient
Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá åðéôñáðåß óå ìç-root ÷ñÞóôåò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí áõôü
ôï ìç÷áíéóìü ôüôå ç åíôïëÞ [4mncpmount[24m ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé Set Userid
Root, Ýôóé èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ôïõ ÷ïñçãÞóåôå ôá êáôÜëëçëá äéêáéþìáôá:
# chmod 4755 ncpmount
[1mÄïêéìÜóôå ôç âïçèçôéêÞ åöáñìïãÞ [4m[22mnsend[0m
, ìéá âïçèçôéêÞ åíôïëÞ ãéá áðïóôïëÞ ìçíõìÜôùí ðñïò ÷ñÞóôåò
Novell, ç ïðïßá åðßóçò óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôå ìÝóá óôï ðáêÝôï, ëÝãåôáé
[4mnsend[24m êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ùò åîÞò:
# nsend rod hello there
èá óôåßëåé ôï ìÞíõìá "hello there" óå Ýíá ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ åßíáé ìÝóá
óôïí êýñéï äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí óáò, óáí "rod" (óôïí ðñþôï äéáêïìéóôÞ
ðïõ åìöáíßæåôáé óôï áñ÷åßï .nwclient. Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóäéïñßóåôå
Üëëïí äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí ìå ôç ßäéá óýíôáîç üðùò êáé ãéá ôçí åíôïëÞ
[4mncpmount[24m.
[1m9. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ùò Ýíá NCP äéáêïìéóôÞ.[0m
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï äéáèÝóéìá ðáêÝôá ðïõ åðéôñÝðïõí óôï Linux íá ðáñÝ÷åé ôéò
ëåéôïõñãßåò åíüò ÄéáêïìéóôÞ Áñ÷åßùí Novell. Êáé ôá äõï óáò åðéôñÝðïõí
íá ìïéñÜóåôå ìåôáîý ôïõ Linux óáò êáé ÷ñÞóôåò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ëïãéóìéêü
ðåëáôþí Novell NetWare. Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ìðïñïýí íá ðñïóáñôÞóïõí êáé íá
âëÝðïõí ôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí óáí ôïðéêïýò äßóêïõò óôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõò,
üðùò èá åìöáíßæïíôáí ìå Ýíá ðñáãìáôéêü äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí ôçò Novell.
ºóùò íá èÝëåôå íá ôá äïêéìÜóåôå êáé ôá äõï ãéá íá äåßôå ðïéü
åîõðçñåôåß êáëýôåñá ôéò áíÜãêåò óáò.
[1m9.1. Tï ðáêÝôï mars_nwe .[0m
Ï Martin Stover <mstover@freeway.de> äçìéïýñãçóå ôï [4mmars_nwe[24m ãéá íá
åðéôñÝðåé óôï linux íá ðáñÝ÷åé áñ÷åßá êáé õðçñåóßåò åêôýðùóçò ãéá ôïõò
ðåëÜôåò ôïõ Netware.
Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ áíáñùôéÝóôå ãéá ôï üíïìá: [4mmars_nwe[24m ,åßíáé Martin
Stovers Netware Emulator.
[1m9.1.1. Äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ mars_nwe .[0m
[4mmars_nwe[24m Õëïðïéåß Ýíá õðïóýíïëï ôïõ ðëÞñïõò Novell NCP ãéá õðçñåóßåò
ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ, bindery äßóêùí êáé áêüìç õðçñåóßåò åêôõðþóåùí. Eßíáé
ðéèáíüí íá ðåñéÝ÷åé ðñïâëÞìáôá (bugs), áëëÜ ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ðïëëïß
Üíèñùðïé, êáé ï áñéèìüò ôùí ðñïâëçìÜôùí ìåéþíåôáé óôáäéáêÜ êáèþò
âãáßíïõí êáéíïýñéåò åêäüóåéò.
[1m9.1.2. Áðïêôþíôáò ôï mars_nwe .[0m
Ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜñåôå ôï [4mmars_nwe[24m áðü ôï ftp.gwdg.de
<ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/> Þ áðü ôï
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems pfs/>.
Ç ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ãñÜöù åßíáé: mars_nwe-0.98.pl8.tgz.
[1m9.1.3. ×ôßæïíôáò ôï ðáêÝôï mars_nwe .[0m
[1mÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíáí ðõñÞíá ìå õðïóôÞñéîç Ethernet êáé IPX[0m
óå ðõñÞíá Ýêäïóçò 1.2.13. Ôï ìüíï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé åßíáé íá
âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå áðáíôÞóåé Y óôçí åñþôçóç: Tï IPX
ðñùôüêïëëï êáé N óôçí åñþôçóç: Full åóùôåñéêü IPX äßêôõï üðùò
äåß÷íåé ðáñáêÜôù:
...
...
The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [n] y
...
...
Full internal IPX network (CONFIG_IPX_INTERN) [N/y/?] n
...
...
Óôïõò íåþôåñïõò ðõñÞíåò åöáñìüæåôáé ìéá ðáñüìïéá äéáäéêáóßá áëëÜ ôï
êáèáõôü êåßìåíï ôçò åñþôçóçò ìðïñåß íá Ý÷åé áëëÜîåé ëßãï.
Áêüìç èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá âåâáéùèåßôå ðùò óõìðåñéëÜâáôå Ýíá êáôÜëëçëï
ïäçãü ãéá ôçí Ethernet êÜñôá óáò . Áí äåí ãíùñßæåôå ðþò íá ôï
êÜíåôå áõôü, ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-
HOWTO.html>.
Ðñï÷ùñÞóôå ìåôÜ óôï ÷ôßóéìï ôïõ ðõñÞíá óáò. Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå íá ôñÝîåôå
ôï [4mlilo[24m ãéá íá ôïí åãêáôáóôÞóåé üôáí èá Ý÷åôå ôåëåéþóåé.
[1mÊÜíôå Untar ôï ðáêÝôï [4m[22mmars_nwe[24m[1m.[0m
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz mars_nwe-0.98.pl3.tgz
[1mÊÜíôå make ôï [4m[22mmars_nwe[24m[1m.[0m
Ôï íá êÜíåôå make ôï ðáêÝôï åßíáé ðïëý áðëü. Ôï ðñþôï âÞìá
åßíáé íá ôñÝîåôå áðëÜ ôï make, êáé áõôü èá äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá
áñ÷åßï config.h. ÌåôÜ èá ðñÝðåé íá äéïñèþóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï config.h
, áí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï. Óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå ðñÜãìáôá üðùò
ôïõò êáôÜëïãïõò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí êáé ôï
ìÝãéóôï áñéèìü óõíäÝóåùí êáé äßóêùí ðïõ èá õðïóôçñßîåé ï
äéá÷åéñéóôÞò. Ïé ðñáãìáôéêÜ óçìáíôéêÝò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ðïõ ðñÝðåé
íá êïéôÜîåôå åßíáé:
FILENAME_NW_INI the location of the initialisation file
PATHNAME_PROGS where the executable support programs will be found.
PATHNAME_BINDERY where the 'bindery' files will go.
PATHNAME_PIDFILES the directory for the 'pid' files to be written.
MAX_CONNECTIONS the maximum number of simultaneous connections allowed.
MAX_NW_VOLS the maximum number of volumes mars_nwe will support.
MAX_FILE_HANDLES_CONN the maximum number of open files per connection.
WITH_NAME_SPACE_CALLS if you want to support ncpfs clients.
INTERNAL_RIP_SAP whether you want mars_nwe to provide rip/sap routing.
SHADOW_PWD whether you use shadow passwords or not.
Ïé ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ôéìÝò èá åßíáé ðéèáíüôáôá óùóôÝò áëëÜ èá ðñÝðåé
íá ôéò åëÝãîåôå Ýôóé êáé áëëéþò.
¼ôáí ôåëåéþóåôå ìå áõôü ãñÜøôå:
# make
# make install
Èá ÷ôßóïõìå ôïõò äéáêïìéóôÝò êáé èá ôïõò åãêáôáóôÞóïõìå óôïí
êáôÜëëçëï êáôÜëïãï. Ôï script åãêáôÜóôáóçò åãêáèéóôÜ áêüìç êáé ôï
áñ÷åßï ñýèìéóçò. /etc/nwserv.conf.
[1mÑõèìßóôå ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ.[0m
Ïé ñõèìßóåéò åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëÝò. ×ñåéÜæåôáé íá äéïñèþóåôå ôï
áñ÷åßï /etc/nwserv.conf. Ç ìïñöÞ ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ áõôïý ìðïñåß íá
ìïéÜæåé óôç áñ÷Þ ðåñßåñãç, áëëÜ åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëïúêÞ. Tï áñ÷åßï
ðåñéÝ÷åé Ýíá áñéèìü áðü áíôéêåßìåíá ñýèìéóçò ôçò ìéáò ãñáììÞò. Ç
êÜèå ãñáììÞ åßíáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôïí êåíü ÷áñáêôÞñá ùò ôï
äéá÷ùñéóôéêü ôùí ðåäßùí ôçò êáé îåêéíÜ ìå Ýíá áñéèìü ðïõ äåß÷íåé
ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôçò ãñáììÞò. ¼ëïé ïé ÷áñáêôÞñåò ðïõ áêïëïõèïýí
ôï '#' ÷áñáêôÞñá èåùñïýíôáé ó÷üëéá êáé áãíïïýíôáé.
Ï Martin ðáñÝ÷åé óôï ðáêÝôï ôïõ Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ñýèìéóçò áñ÷åßïõ,
áëëÜ èá óáò ðáñïõóéÜóù ðïéï íïìßæù üôé åßíáé ôï ðéï áðëü
ðáñÜäåéãìá ãéá íá óáò äþóù ìéá åíáëëáêôéêÞ ëýóç.
# VOLUMES (max. 5)
# Only the SYS volume is compulsory. The directory containing the SYS
# volume must contain the directories: LOGIN, PUBLIC, SYSTEM, MAIL.
# The 'i' option ignores case.
# The 'k' option converts all filenames in NCP requests to lowercase.
# The 'm' option marks the volume as removable (useful for cdroms etc.)
# The 'r' option set the volume to read-only.
# The 'o' option indicates the volume is a single mounted filesystem.
# The 'P' option allows commands to be used as files.
# The 'O' option allows use of the OS/2 namespace
# The 'N' option allows use of the NFS namespace
# The default is upper case.
# Syntax:
# 1 <Volumename> <Volumepath> <Options>
1 SYS /home/netware/SYS/ # SYS
1 DATA /home/netware/DATA/ k # DATA
1 CDROM /cdrom kmr # CDROM
# SERVER NAME
# If not set then the linux hostname will be converted to upper case
# and used. This is optional, the hostname will be used if this is not
# configured.
# Syntax:
# 2 <Servername>
2 LINUX_FS01
# INTERNAL NETWORK ADDRESS
# The Internal IPX Network Address is a feature that simplifies IPX routing
# for multihomed hosts (hosts that have ports on more than one IPX network).
# Syntax:
# 3 <Internal Network Address> [<Node Number>]
# or:
# 3 auto
#
# If you use 'auto' then your host IP address will be used. NOTE: this may
# be dangerous, please be sure you pick a number unique to your network.
# Addresses are 4byte hexadecimal (the leading 0x is required).
3 0x49a01010 1
# NETWORK DEVICE(S)
# This entry configures your IPX network. If you already have your
# IPX network configured then you do not need this. This is the same as
# using ipx_configure/ipx_interface before you start the server.
# Syntax:
# 4 <IPX Network Number> <device_name> <frametype> [<ticks>]
# Frame types: ethernet_ii, 802.2, 802.3, SNAP
4 0x39a01010 eth0 802.3 1
# SAVE IPX ROUTES AFTER SERVER IS DOWNED
# Syntax:
# 5 <flag>
# 0 = don't save routes, 1 = do save routes
5 0
# NETWARE VERSION
# Syntax:
# 6 <version>
# 0 = 2.15, 1 = 3.11
6 1
# PASSWORD HANDLING
# Real Novell DOS clients support a feature which encypts your
# password when changing it. You can select whether you want your
# mars server to support this feature or not.
# Syntax
# 7 <flag>
# <flag> is:
# 0 to force password encryption. (Clients can't change password)
# 1 force password encryption, allow unencrypted password change.
# 7 allow non-encrypted password but no empty passwords.
# 8 allow non-encrypted password including empty passwords.
# 9 completely unencrypted passwords (doesn't work with OS/2)
7 1
# MINIMAL GID UID rights
# permissions used for attachments with no login. These permissions
# will be used for the files in your primary server attachment.
# Syntax:
# 10 <gid>
# 11 <uid>
# <gid> <uid> are from /etc/passwd, /etc/groups
10 200
11 201
# SUPERVISOR password
# May be removed after the server is started once. The server will
# encrypt this information into the bindery file after it is run.
# You should avoid using the 'root' user and instead use another
# account to administer the mars äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí.
#
# This entry is read and encrypted into the server bindery files, so
# it only needs to exist the first time you start the server to ensure
# that the password isn't stolen.
#
# Syntax:
# 12 <Supervisor-Login> <Unix username> [<password>]
12 SUPERVISOR terry secret
# USER ACCOUNTS
# This associates NetWare logins with unix accounts. Password are
# optional.
# Syntax:
13 <User Login> <Unix Username> [<password>]
13 MARTIN martin
13 TERRY terry
# LAZY SYSTEM ADMIN CONFIGURATION
# If you have a large numbers of users and could not be bothered using
# type 13 individual user mappings, you can automatically map mars_nwe
# logins to linux user names. BUT, there is currently no means of making
# use of the linux login password so all users configured this way are
# will use the single password supplied here. My recommendation is not
# to do this unless security is absolutely no concern to you.
# Syntax:
# 15 <flag> <common-password>
# <flag> is: 0 - don't automatically map users.
# 1 - do automatically map users not configured above.
# 99 - automatically map every user in this way.
15 0 duzzenmatta
# SANITY CHECKING
# mars_nwe will automatically ensure that certain directories exist if
# you set this flag.
# Syntax:
# 16 <flag>
# <flag> is 0 for no, don't, or 1 for yes, do.
16 0
# PRINT QUEUES
# This associates NetWare printers with unix printers. The queue
# directories must be created manually before printing is attempted.
# The queue directories are NOT lpd queues.
# Syntax:
# 21 <queue_name> <queue_directory> <unix_print_cmd>
21 EPSON SYS:/PRINT/EPSON lpr -h
21 LASER SYS:/PRINT/LASER lpr -Plaser
# DEBUG FLAGS
# These are not normally needed, but may be useful if are you debugging
# a problem.
# Syntax:
# <debug_item> <debug_flag>
#
# 100 = IPX KERNEL
# 101 = NWSERV
# 102 = NCPSERV
# 103 = NWCONN
# 104 = start NWCLIENT
# 105 = NWBIND
# 106 = NWROUTED
# 0 = disable debug, 1 = enable debug
100 0
101 0
102 0
103 0
104 0
105 0
106 0
# RUN NWSERV IN BACKGROUND AND USE LOGFILE
# Syntax:
# 200 <flag>
# 0 = run NWSERV in foreground and don't use logfile
# 1 = run NWSERV in background and use logfile
200 1
# LOGFILE NAME
# Syntax:
# 201 <logfile>
201 /tmp/nw.log
# APPEND LOG OR OVERWRITE
# Syntax:
# 202 <flag>
# 0 = append to existing logfile
# 1 = overwrite existing logfile
202 1
# SERVER DOWN TIME
# This item sets the time after a SERVER DOWN is issued that the
# server really goes down.
# Syntax:
# 210 <time>
# in seconds. (defaults 10)
210 10
# ROUTING BROADCAST INTERVAL
# The time is seconds between server broadcasts
# Syntax:
# 211 <time>
# in seconds. (defaults 60)
211 60
# ROUTING LOGGING INTERVAL
# Set how many broadcasts take place before logging of routing
# information occurs.
# Syntax:
# 300 <number>
300 5
# ROUTING LOGFILE
# Set the name of the routing logfile
# Syntax:
# 301 <filename>
301 /tmp/nw.routes
# ROUTING APPEND/OVERWRITE
# Set whether you want to append to an existing log file or
# overwrite it.
# Syntax:
# 302 <flag>
# <flag> is 0 for append, 1 for create/overwrite
302 1
# WATCHDOG TIMING
# Set the timing for watchdog messages that ensure the network is
# still alive.
# Syntax:
# 310 <value>
# <value> = 0 - always send watchdogs
# < 0 - (-ve) for disable watchdogs
# > 0 - send watchdogs when network traffic
# drops below 'n' ticks
310 7
# STATION FILE
# Set the filename for the stations file which determine which
# machines this äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí will act as the primary äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí for.
# The syntax of this file is described in the 'examples' directory
# of the source code.
# Syntax:
# 400 <filename>
400 /etc/nwserv.stations
# GET NEAREST FILESERVER HANDLING
# Set how SAP Get Nearest Fileserver Requests are handled.
# Syntax:
# 401 <flag>
# <flag> is: 0 - disable 'Get Nearest Fileserver' requests.
# 1 - The 'stations' file lists stations to be excluded.
# 2 - The 'stations' file lists stations to be included.
401 2
[1mÅêêßíçóç ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ[0m
. Áí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ óáò íá ðåñéìÝíåé åîùôåñéêÜ
ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá íá ñõèìßóåé ôï äßêôõï óáò êáé/Þ ãéá íá ðáñÝ÷åé
ôéò ëåéôïõñãßåò äñïìïëüãçóçò ôüôå èá ðñÝðåé íá ôá îåêéíÞóåôå
ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ. ÕðïèÝôïíôáò ðùò Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé
ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ Ýôóé þóôå íá ñõèìßóåé ôá interfaces ãéá óáò êáé íá
ðáñÝ÷åé ôéò ëåéôïõñãßåò äñïìïëüãçóçò ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå, áðëÜ äþóôå
ôç åíôïëÞ:
# nwserv
[1m¸ëåã÷ïò ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ[0m
. Ãéá íá åëÝãîåôå ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ èá ðñÝðåé ðñþôá íá åðé÷åéñÞóåôå
íá óõíäåèåßôå êáé íá êÜíåôå login áðü Ýíá NetWare ðåëÜôç ôïõ
äéêôýïõ óáò. ÌåôÜ èá ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå Ýíá CAPTURE áðü ôïí ðåëÜôç
êáé íá åðé÷åéñÞóåôå ìéá åêôýðùóç. Áí êáé ôá äõï åßíáé
åðéôõ÷çìÝíá ôüôå ï äéáêïìéóôÞò ëåéôïõñãåß.
[1m9.2. Ôï ðáêÝôï lwared .[0m
Ï Ales Dryak <A.Dryak@sh.cvut.cz> äçìéïýñãçóå ôï [4mlwared[24m ãéá íá
åðéôñÝøåé óôï Linux íá ëåéôïõñãåß ùò Ýíáò NCP äéáêïìéóôÞò áñ÷åßùí.
Ï Ales Ý÷åé ïíïìÜóåé ôï ðáêÝôï [4mlwared[24m, ìéá óõíôïìïãñáößá ãéá ôï
[4mLinWare[24m [4mDaemon[24m.
[1m9.2.1. Äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ lwared .[0m
Ï äéáêïìéóôÞò [4mlwared[24m åßíáé éêáíüò íá ðáñÝ÷åé Ýíá õðïóýíïëï õðçñåóéþí
ôïõ ðëÞñïõò Novell NCP. Åíóùìáôþíåé ôçí õðçñåóßá ìçíõìÜôùí áëëÜ äåí
ðáñÝ÷åé êáìßá õðçñåóßá åêôýðùóçò. Ðñïò ôï ðáñüí äå óõíåñãÜæåôáé óùóôÜ
ìå ðåëÜôåò Windows95 Þ Windows NT. Ï äéáêïìéóôÞò [4mlwared[24m âáóßæåôáé óå
åîùôåñéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé êáé íá åíçìåñþóåé ôïõò
ðßíáêåò äñïìïëüãçóçò IPX êáé SAP.
ÐåëÜôåò ìå êáêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ìðïñåß íá ðñïêáëÝóïõí ôç äéáêïðÞ ôçò
ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ. Ïé õðçñåóßåò ìåôáöñÜóåùò ôùí ïíïìÜôùí ôùí
áñ÷åßùí äåí Ý÷ïõí óõìðåñéëçöèåß áêüìá.
Ï äéáêïìéóôÞò äåí ëåéôïõñãåß ãéá ôá êåëýöç NETX êáé VLM .
[1m9.2.2. Áðïêôþíôáò ôï lwared[0m
Tï [4mlwared[24m ðáêÝôï ìðïñåß íá ÷ôéóôåß áí Ý÷åôå ðõñÞíá íåþôåñï áðü ôïí
1.2.0. Óáò óõíéóôþ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç Ýêäïóç 1.2.13 áöïý Ýôóé äåí
áðáéôåßôáé êáìßá äéüñèùóç/ ìðÜëùìá ôïõ ðõñÞíá (kernel patch). ÊÜðïéåò
áðü ôéò ëåéôïõñãßåò ôïõ IPX Ý÷ïõí áëëÜîåé ìå ôïõò ðõñÞíåò Ýêäïóçò
1.3.* êáé áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé áðáéôïýíôáé ôþñá äéïñèþóåéò ãéá íá
ëåéôïõñãÞóåé êáíïíéêÜ. ÊáôÜëëçëá ìðáëþìáôá (patches)
óõìðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé ãéá ôïõò íÝïõò ðõñÞíåò, êáé Üñá áêüìá êáé áí ðñÝðåé
íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá alpha ðõñÞíá, ðñÝðåé êáé ðÜëé íá ìðïñåßôå íá
êÜíåôå ôï [4mlwared[24m íá ëåéôïõñãåß êáíïíéêÜ.
Ìðïñåßôå íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôï ðáêÝôï [4mlwared[24m ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò áíþíõìï ftp
áðü ôï: klokan.sh.cvut.cz <ftp://klokan.sh.cvut.cz/pub/linux/linware/>
Þ áðü ôï :
sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/daemons> Þ mirror
sites. Ç ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç ôçí þñá ôïõ ãñáøßìáôïò åßíáé:
lwared-0.95.tar.gz
[1m9.2.3. ×ôßóéìï ôïõ lwared[0m
[1mÊÜíôå Untar ôï ðáêÝôï [4m[22mlwared[0m
ÊÜôé óáí:
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvpfz lwared-0.95.tar.gz
[1mÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá ìå õðïóôÞñéîç Ethernet êáé IPX[0m
Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Ýíáí ðõñÞíá alpha 1.3.* , ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá
äïêéìÜóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá Ýêäïóçò 1.3.17 Þ
íåþôåñç ãéáôß ôá ðáñå÷üìåíá ìðáëþìáôá ÷ôßóôçêáí ãéá áõôüí. Ïé
ðõñÞíåò 1.3.* ðïõ åßíáé ðáëéüôåñïé áðü ôï 1.3.17 èá áðáéôÞóïõí
÷åéñïêßíçôåò äéïñèþóåéò ãéá íá åãêáôáóôáèïýí. ( [4mêÜðïéåò[0m
[4mðëçñïöïñßåò[24m [4mãéá[24m [4mðùò[24m [4mãßíåôáé[24m [4máõôü[24m [4móõìðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé[24m [4móôï[24m [4máñ÷åßï[0m
INSTALL ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ.). Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá ìðáëþìáôá óå
ðõñÞíá 1.3.17 Þ íåþôåñï, äïêéìÜóôå:
# make patch
Áöïý åöáñìüóïõìå ôá ìðáëþìáôá, áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, ôï åðüìåíï ðñÜãìá ðïõ
èá ðñÝðåé íá ãßíåé åßíáé íá âåâáéùèåßôå ðùò ï ðõñÞíáò óáò Ý÷åé
÷ôéóôåß ìå äõíáôüôçôåò õðïóôÞñéîçò IPX. Óå ðõñÞíá Ýêäïóçò 1.2.13
÷ñåéÜæåôáé ìüíï íá óéãïõñÝøåôå ðùò Ý÷åôå áðáíôÞóåé
Y óôç åñþôçóç: 'The IPX protocol' üðùò äåß÷íåé ðáñáêÜôù:
...
...
Assume subnets are local (CONFIG_INET_SNARL) [y]
Disable NAGLE algorithm (normally enabled) (CONFIG_TCP_NAGLE_OFF) [n]
The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [n] y
*
* SCSI support
...
...
Óôïõò íåþôåñïõò ðõñÞíåò åöáñìüæåôáé ìéá ðáñüìïéá äéáäéêáóßá áëëÜ ôï
êáèåáõôü êåßìåíï ôçò åñþôçóçò ìðïñåß íá Ý÷åé ëßãï áëëÜîåé.
Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß åðßóçò íá óéãïõñÝøåôå ðùò óõìðåñéëÜâáôå Ýíáí êáôÜëëçëï
ïäçãü ãéá ôçí Ethernet êÜñôá óáò. Áí äåí ãíùñßæåôå ðþò íá êÜíåôå
áõôü ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï Ethernet-HOWTO <Ethernet-
HOWTO.html>.
Ðñï÷ùñÞóôå óôï ÷ôßóéìï ôïõ ðõñÞíá óáò. Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå íá ôñÝîåôå ôï
[4mlilo[24m ãéá íá ôïí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå üôáí ôåëåéþóåôå.
[1mÌåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åãêáôáóôÞóôå [4m[22mlwared[24m[1m.[0m
Ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï [4mlwared[24m ðñÝðåé ðñþôá íá åëÝãîåôå êáé íá
äéïñèþóåôå, áí ÷ñåéáóôåß, ôï áñ÷åßïserver/config.h. Áõôü ôï
áñ÷åßï ðåñéÝ÷åé äéÜöïñåò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ èá êáèïñßóïõí ôçí
óõìðåñéöïñÜ ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ óáò. Ïé ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ôéìÝò åßíáé
ëïãéêÝò, ðáñüëï ðïõ ßóùò èåëÞóåôå íá åëÝãîåôå üôé ïé
êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ãéá ôïõò êáôáëüãïõò ôùí log áñ÷åßùí óáò, ôáéñéÜæïõí
óôï óýóôçìá óáò.
# make depend
# make
# make install
ÐáñáôÞñçóá ðùò ôï 'make depend' ðáñáðïíÝèçêå ðùò äåí âñßóêåé ôï
áñ÷åßï float.h óôï óýóôçìá ìïõ, áëëÜ ôåëéêÜ ëåéôïýñãçóå. Áêüìç
áíáêÜëõøá ðùò üôáí Ýêáíá ìåôáãëþôôéóç ìå gcc 2.6.3 Ýðñåðå íá
áëëÜîù ôç ãñáììÞ:
#include <net/route.h>
óå
#include <net/if_route.h>
óôï lib/ipxkern.c êáèþò áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ìåôïíïìÜóôçêå êÜðïéá
óôéãìÞ.
Ôï 'make install' èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ êáé
ôïõò äáßìïíåò äñïìïëüãçóçò óôïí êáôÜëïãï /usr/sbin, ôï ðñüãñáììá
[4mlwpasswd[24m óôïí êáôÜëïãï /usr/bin, ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ãéá IPX óôïí
êáôÜëïãï /sbin êáé ôÝëïò, ôéò óåëßäåò âïçèåßáò óôïí êáôÜëïãï
/usr/man. Áí êÜðïéåò áðü áõôÝò ôéò ôïðïèåóßåò äåí áíôáðïêñßíïíôáé
óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá äéïñèþóåôå ôï ó÷åôéêü Makefile êáé íá
áëëÜîåôå ôïõò êáôÜëïãïõò ðñïïñéóìïý üðùò óáò âïëåýåé.
[1m9.2.4. Ñýèìéóç êáé ÷ñÞóç ôïõ lwared[0m
Êáé ôþñá ôï äéáóêåäáóôéêü ìÝñïò!
[1mÑýèìéóç ôïõ äéêôýïõ IPX[0m
Ôï ðñþôï ðñÜãìá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå åßíáé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôá
Ethernet interfaces ãéá íá õðïóôçñßîïõí ôá IPX äßêôõá ðïõ ï
äéáêïìéóôÞò óáò èá õðïóôçñßîåé. Ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå èá ðñÝðåé íá
ãíùñßæåôå ôéò IPX äéåõèýíóåéò äéêôýïõ ãéá êÜèå Ýíá áðü ôá
ôìÞìáôá (segments) ôïõ LAN, ðïéá óõóêåõÞ Ethernet (eth0, eth1
êëð.) åßíáé óå ðïéï ôìÞìá, ôé ôýðïõ ðñùôüêïëëï ðáêÝôùí (802.3,
EtherII etc.) ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óå êÜèå ôìÞìá ôïõ LAN êáé ðïéá
åóùôåñéêÞ äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åé ï äéáêïìéóôÞò óáò
(áõôü ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ìüíï áí ï äéáêïìéóôÞò óáò åîõðçñåôåß
ðåñéóóüôåñá áðü Ýíá ôìÞìáôá LAN).
Ìéá ñýèìéóç ãéá ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ âñßóêåôáé óå äýï ðáñüìïéá ôìÞìáôá
ìå IPX äéåõèýíóåéò äéêôýïõ 23a91300 êáé 23a91301 êáé åóùôåñéêÞ
äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ bdefaced, ßóùò íá ìïéÜæåé ìå:
# ipx_internal_net add BDEFACED 1
# ipx_interface add eth0 802.3 23a91300
# ipx_interface add eth1 etherii 23a91301
[1mÎåêéíÞóôå ôïõò äáßìïíåò äñïìïëüãçóçò (routing daemons)[0m
Ï ßäéïò ï ðõñÞíáò ðñïùèåß ôï IPX ðáêÝôï (IPX forwarding) üðùò
êáé ãéá ôï IP, áëëÜ áðáéôåß ðñüóèåôá ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá íá
äéá÷åéñéóôåß ôéò åíçìåñþóåéò ôïõ ðßíáêá äñïìïëüãçóçò. Óôçí
ðåñßðôùóç ôïõ IPX ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé äýï äáßìïíåò êáé ïé äýï ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé
ìå [4mlwared[24m: Ôï [4mipxripd[24m äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò äñïìïëüãçóçò
ôïõ IPX êáé ôï [4mipxsapd[24m äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ôéò SAP ðëçñïöïñßåò. Ãéá
íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôïõò äáßìïíåò ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå, êáèïñßóôå ìüíï ôï
÷þñï ðïõ èá áðïèçêåýïõí ôá log ìçíýìáôÜ ôïõò :
# ipxripd /var/adm/ipxrip
# ipxsapd /var/adm/ipxsap
[1mÑõèìßóôå ôïí [4m[22mlwared[24m [1mäéáêïìéóôÞ[0m
. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äõï áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá ãéá
íá åðéôñÝøåôå ôï login ÷ñçóôþí óôïí [4mlwared[24m äéáêïìéóôÞ. ÁõôÜ
åßíáé ôá:
/etc/lwpasswd
. Åäþ öõëÜóóïíôáé ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôïõò ëïãáñéáóìïýò ôùí
÷ñçóôþí ôïõ LinWare. Tï ðñüãñáììá [4mlwpasswd[24m ÷ñçóéìåýåé ãéá íá
ôï êñáôÜ åíÞìåñï. Óôçí áðëïýóôåñÞ ôïõ ìïñöÞ, ôï áñ÷åßï
/etc/lwpasswd ìïéÜæåé ùò åîÞò:
ales:
terryd:
guest:
Ôï format ôïõ åßíáé ìéá áðëÞ ëßóôá áðü login id ðïõ
áêïëïõèïýíôáé áðü Ýíá ':' ÷áñáêôÞñá êáé ìåôÜ ôç êùäéêïðïéçìÝíç
Ýêäïóç ôïõ êùäéêïý åéóüäïõ óôï óýóôçìá (login password). ÌåñéêÜ
óçìáíôéêÜ èÝìáôá åßíáé ôá åîÞò:
No encrypted password óçìáßíåé êáíÝíá êùäéêü (password), ïé
÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ LinWare ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷ïõí ëïãáñéáóìü óôï Linux
(account), äçëáäÞ êÜèå ÷ñÞóôçò ðïõ ðñïóôßèåôáé óôï /etc/lwpasswd
ðñÝðåé íá åìöáíßæåôáé åðßóçò êáé óôï /etc/passwd êáé root åßíáé
ï ìüíïò ëïãáñéáóìüò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá áëëÜîåé ôïí êùäéêü åíüò Üëëïõ
÷ñÞóôç LinWare. Áí Ý÷åôå ìðåé óáí root ìðïñåßôå íá áëëÜîåôå ôïí
êùäéêü åíüò Üëëïõ ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç ôïõ LinWare ùò åîÞò:
# lwpasswd rodg
Changing password for RODG
Enter new password:
Re-type new password:
Password changed.
/etc/lwvtab
Áõôü åßíáé ôï volume table ôïõ Linware êáé áðïèçêåýïõí
ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï ðïéïé êáôÜëïãïé ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé äéáèÝóéìïé
óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ LinWare (áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï åßíáé ðáñüìïéï áðü
ôç öýóç ôïõ ìå ôï NFS áñ÷åßï /etc/exports). ¸íá áðëü
ðáñÜäåéãìá ôïõ format ôïõ åßíáé áõôü ðïõ áêïëïõèåß:
SYS /lwfs/sys
DATA /lwfs/data
HOME /home
Áõôü ôï format åßíáé áðëü: ¼íïìá Volume ðïõ áêïëïõèåßôáé áðü
êåíü (whitespace) êáé ìåôÜ áêïëïõèåß o êáôÜëïãïò Linux ðïõ èá
ãßíåé export. ÐñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå [1môïõëÜ÷éóôïí [22mìéá êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá ôï
volume SYS ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåé ï äéáêïìéóôÞò. Áí èÝëåôå ïé ÷ñÞóôåò
DOS íá ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôï LinWare äéáêïìéóôÞ óáí êýñéï
äéáêïìéóôÞ, ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ìéá óôÜíôáñ äïìÞ
êáôáëüãïõ SYS volume êÜôù áðü ôïí êáôÜëïãï ðïõ êÜíåôå export óáí
ôï SYS volume. Ìéá êáé áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá Ý÷ïõí ðíåõìáôéêÜ
äéêáéþìáôá êáé áíÞêïõí óôç åôáéñåßá Novell, èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå
Üäåéá ãéá áõôÜ. Áí ïé ÷ñÞóôåò óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí Novell file
äéáêïìéóôÞ óáí êýñéï äéáêïìéóôÞ, ôüôå ôï ðáñáðÜíù äåí åßíáé
áðáñáßôçôï.
[1mÎåêéíÞóôå ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ [4m[22mlwared[24m[1m.[0m
Éäïý!
# lwared
Åßíáé ó÷åäüí áðïãïçôåõôéêü, Ýôóé äåí åßíáé; ÅíôÜîåé, Ý÷åôå êÜôé íá
ñùôÞóåôå, Ýôóé äåí åßíáé; Ðïéü åßíáé ôï üíïìá ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ
áñ÷åßùí ôï ïðïßï äéáöçìßæåôáé; Áí îåêéíÞóáôå ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ, üðùò
óáò åßðá, ôüôå ôï üíïìá ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ LinWare ðïõ äéáöçìßæåôáé èá
âáóßæåôáé óå ü,ôé åðéóôñÝöåôáé áðü ôï [4mhostname[24m ôïõ Linux. Áí
èÝëåôå íá åßíáé êÜôé Üëëï, ôüôå ìðïñåßôå íá ïíïìÜóåôå ôï
äéáêïìéóôÞ üôáí ôïí îåêéíÜôå ð.÷.:
# lwared -nlinux00
èá îåêéíÞóåé ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ ìå üíïìá linux00.
[1mÅëÝãîôå ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ [4m[22mlwared[24m [1m.[0m
Ôï ðñþôï ðñÜãìá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå åßíáé áí ï äéáêïìéóôÞò
LinWare åìöáíßæåôáé óå Ýíá [4mslist[24m áðü Ýíá DOS client óôï äßêôõü
óáò. Ôï ðñüãñáììá [4mslist[24m åßíáé áðïèçêåõìÝíï óôï SYS volume åíüò
Novell fileserver êáé Ýôóé ðñÝðåé íá ôï êÜíåôå áðü ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ
åßíáé Þäç ìÝóá óôï äßêôõï. Áí äåí ðåôý÷åé, ôüôå âåâáéùèåßôå üôé
ôñÝ÷ïõí ôá [4mipxsapd[24m êáé [4mlwared[24m. Áí ôï [4mslist[24m ðåôý÷åé, ôüôå ðñÝðåé
íá äïêéìÜóåôå íá êÜíåôå attach óôï äéáêïìéóôÞ êáé íá êÜíåôå map
Ýíá volume:
C:> attach linux00/ales
...
...
C:> map l:=linux00/data:
C:> l:
ÐñÝðåé íá åßóôå óå èÝóç íá ÷åéñéóèåßôå ôï íÝï map üðùò êáé
ïðïéïäÞðïôå Üëëï map. Tá permissions ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ ðïõ èá Ý÷åôå èá
åßíáé âáóéóìÝíá óå áõôÜ ðïõ åðéôñÝðïíôáé óôï ëïãáñéáóìü [4mlinux[24m ðïõ
ôñÝ÷åé ðáñÜëëçëá ìå ôï LinWare login.
[1m10. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá Novell Print Client.[0m
Tï ðáêÝôï [4mncpfs[24m ðåñéëáìâÜíåé äõï ìéêñÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ óáò åðéôñÝðïõí
íá ÷åéñéóèåßôå ôéò åêôõðþóåéò áðü ôï ìç÷Üíçìá Linux óå Ýíá
ðñïóáñôçìÝíï åêôõðùôÞ óôï Novell äéáêïìéóôÞ åêôõðþóåùí (print server).
Ç åíôïëÞ [4mnprint[24m óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá åêôõðþóåôå óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï óôçí NetWare
print queue. Ç åíôïëÞ [4mpqlist[24m óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá äåßôå ôç ëßóôá ôùí
äéáèÝóéìùí ïõñþí åêôýðùóçò óå Ýíá NetWare äéáêïìéóôÞ.
Ãéá íá áðïêôÞóåôå êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå áõôÝò ôéò åíôïëÝò, áðëÜ
áêïëïõèÞóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôïí NCP ðåëÜôç ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöôçêå
íùñßôåñá.
Êáé ïé äõï åíôïëÝò áðáéôïýí íá äþóåôå username êáé password, Ýôóé
ëïãéêÜ ìðïñåß íá óêåöôåßôå íá öôéÜîåôå ìåñéêÜ shell scripts ãéá íá
êÜíåôå åõêïëüôåñç ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò åêôýðùóçò.
¸íá ðáñÜäåéãìá :
# pqlist -S ACCT_FS01 -U guest -n
# nprint -S ACCT_FS01 -q LASER -U guest -n filename.txt
Ç óýíôáîç ôïõ login åßíáé ðáñüìïéá ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ [4mncpmount[24m. Ôá
ðáñáðÜíù ðáñáäåßãìáôá õðïèÝôïõí üôé ï fileserver ACCT_FS01 Ý÷åé Ýíá
ëïãáñéáóìü guest ÷ùñßò êùäéêü (password), üôé õðÜñ÷åé ìéá ïõñÜ
åêôýðùóçò ïíïìáæüìåíç LASER êáé üôé ï guest åðéôñÝðåôáé íá ôõðþóåé óå
áõôÞ.
[1m11. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá Novell ÄéáêïìéóôÞ[0m
[1mÅêôõðþóåùí.[0m
¸íá ðñüãñáììá ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé óôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáò íá óõìðåñéöÝñåôáé
óáí äéáêïìéóôÞò åêôõðþóåùí óôï äßêôõï Netware óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôå óôï
ðáêÝôï [4mncpfs[24m>. Ãéá ïäçãßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ðþò íá ôï áðïêôÞóåôå êáé íá
ôï ÷ôßóåôå, áêïëïõèÞóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ôïõ ðáñáðÜíù ôìÞìáôïò `Netware
client'.
[1m11.1. Ðñïáðáéôïýìåíá[0m
Ç ñýèìéóç ãßíåôáé áðåõèåßáò áëëÜ âáóßæåôáé óôï üôé Ý÷åôå ïëïêëçñþóåé
ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ åêôõðùôÞ êáé äïõëåýåé êÜôù áðü ôï Linux. Áõôü
êáëýðôåôáé óå êÜðïéï âÜèïò óôï Printing-HOWTO <Printing-HOWTO.html>.
[1m11.2. Ñõèìßóåéò[0m
¼ôáí Ý÷åôå ìéá ñýèìéóç åêôõðùôÞ ðïõ äïõëåýåé, êáé Ý÷åôå äçìéïõñãÞóåé
êáé åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôç âïçèçôéêÞ åöáñìïãÞ [4mpserver[24m , ôüôå ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
ðñïóèÝóåôå ôéò åíôïëÝò ìÝóá óôá áñ÷åßá rc ãéá íá ôï îåêéíÞóåôå.
Ôï ðïéá áêñéâþò åíôïëÞ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôï ðþò
áêñéâþò èÝëåôå íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé, áëëÜ óôï ðéï áðëÞ ôïõ ìïñöÞ êÜôé óáí
ôï áêüëïõèï èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé:
# pserver -S ACCT_01 -U LASER -P secret -q LASERJET
Áõôü ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ñùôÜ ôç âïçèçôéêÞ åöáñìïãÞ [4mpserver[24m íá êÜíåé login
óôï äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí ACCT_01 ìå üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç LASER êáé êùäéêü secret
êáé íá ðÜñåé ôéò åñãáóßåò áðü ôçí ïõñÜ åêôõðþóåùí LASERJET . ¼ôáí
ëáìâÜíåôáé ìéá åéóåñ÷üìåíç åñãáóßá åêôýðùóçò, èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ç
êáèïñéóìÝíç åíôïëÞ åêôýðùóçò [4mlpr[24m ãéá íá ôñïöïäïôÞóåé ôçí åñãáóßá
åêôýðùóçò óôï Linux äáßìïíá åêôõðþóåùí.
Ìðïñåßôå áí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå oðïéáäÞðïôå åíôïëÞ Linux ãéá íá
äå÷ôåß êáé íá åêôõðþóåé ôçí åñãáóßá åêôýðùóçò. Ç ðáñÜìåôñïò -c óáò
åðéôñÝðåé íá êáèïñßóåôå áêñéâþò ôçí åíôïëÞ åêôýðùóçò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá
:
# pserver -S ACCT_01 -U LASER -P secret -q LASERJET -c "lpr -Plaserjet"
èá Ý÷åé áêñéâþò ôï ßäéï áðïôÝëåóìá ìå ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìå ôç
ìüíç äéáöïñÜ üôé èá óôåßëåé ôçí åñãáóßá åêôýðùóçò óôç ñýèìéóç laserjet
[4mprintcap[24m áíôß ãéá ôçí ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíç.
[1m12. Ìéá åðéèåþñçóç ôùí ncpfs åíôïëþí ÷ñçóôþí êáé äéá÷åßñéóçò[0m
Ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ [4mncpfs[24m ôïõ Volker ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí Ýíá
ìåãÜëï åýñïò åíôïëþí ÷ñçóôþí êáé äéá÷åßñéóçò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá óáò öáíïýí
÷ñÞóéìåò. Tá åñãáëåßá Ý÷ïõí äçìéïõñãçèåß êáé åãêáôáóôáèåß óáí ìÝñïò
ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ [4mncpfs[24m , Ýôóé áí äåí ôï Ý÷åôå Þäç
êÜíåé, áêïëïõèÞóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï ðáñáðÜíù ôìÞìá ôïõ
Novell Client ãéá íá ôá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå êáé íá ôá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.
ËåðôïìåñÞò ðëçñïöïñßåò åßíáé äéáèÝóéìåò óôéò äïóìÝíåò [4mman[24m óåëßäåò áëëÜ
áêïëïõèåß ìéá óýíôïìç ðåñßëçøç ôùí åíôïëþí :
[1m12.1. ÅíôïëÝò ÷ñçóôþí.[0m
[1mncopy[0m
Network Copy - åðéôñÝðåé ôçí áðïôåëåóìáôéêÞ áíôéãñáöÞ áñ÷åßùí íá
åêôåëåóôåß áðü ìéá ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ Netware áíôß ãéá ìéá áðëÞ
áíôéãñáöÞ ìÝóù äéêôýïõ.
[1mnprint[0m
Network Print - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ôõðþóåôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï óôçí
Netware ïõñÜ åêôõðþóåùí óå Ýíá Netware äéáêïìéóôÞ.
[1mnsend[0m
Network Send -óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá óôåßëåôå ìçíýìáôá óå Üëëïõò
÷ñÞóôåò óå Ýíá Íetware äéáêïìéóôÞ.
[1mnwbols[0m
List Bindery Objects - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá äåßôå ôç ëßóôá ôùí
bindery ðåñéå÷ïìÝíùí åíüò Netware äéáêïìéóôÞ.
[1mnwboprops[0m
List Properties of a Bindery Object - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá äåßôå ôéò
éäéüôçôåò åíüò Netware bindery áíôéêåéìÝíïõ.
[1mnwbpset[0m
Set Bindery Property - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôéò éäéüôçôåò
åíüò Netware bindery áíôéêåéìÝíïõ.
[1mnwbpvalues[0m
Print Netware Bindery Objects Property Contents - óáò åðéôñÝðåé
íá åêôõðþóåôå ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ìéáò Netware bindery éäéüôçôáò.
[1mnwfsinfo[0m
Fileserver Information - ôõðþíåé ìåñéêÝò ðåñéëçðôéêÝò
ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï Netware äéáêïìéóôÞ.
[1mnwpasswd[0m
Netware Password - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá áëëÜîåôå Ýíá êùäéêü ÷ñÞóôç
netware.
[1mnwrights[0m
Netware Rights - åìöáíßæåé ôá äéêáéþìáôá ðïõ óõó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå
Ýíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï áñ÷åßï Þ êáôÜëïãï.
[1mnwuserlist[0m
Userlist - åìöáíßæåé ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ðïõ åßíáé åêåßíç ôç óôéãìÞ
ìÝóá óôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí Netware (logged in).
[1mpqlist[0m
Print Queue List - åìöáíßæåé ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ìéáò ïõñÜò
åêôõðþóåùí Netware.
[1mslist[0m
Server List - åìöáíßæåé ôç ëßóôá ôùí ãíùóôþí äéáêïìéóôþí áñ÷åßùí
Netware.
[1m12.2. Åñãáëåßá Äéá÷åßñéóçò.[0m
[1mnwbocreate[0m
Create a Bindery Object - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá
Netware bindery áíôéêåßìåíï.
[1mnwborm[0m
Remove Bindery Object - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá óâÞóåôå Ýíá Netware
bindery áíôéêåßìåíï.
[1mnwbpadd[0m
Add Bindery Property - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôçí ôéìÞ ìéáò
õðÜñ÷ïõóáò éäéüôçôáò åíüò Netware bindery áíôéêåéìÝíïõ.
[1mnwbpcreate[0m
Create Bindery Property - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá íÝá
éäéüôçôá ãéá Ýíá õðÜñ÷ïí Netware bindery áíôéêåßìåíï.
[1mnwbprm[0m
Remove Bindery Property - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá áöáéñÝóåôå ìéá
éäéüôçôá áðü Ýíá Netware bindery áíôéêåßìåíï.
[1mnwgrant[0m
Grant Trustee Rights - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå äéêáéþìáôá
äéá÷åéñéóôÞ óå Ýíáí êáôÜëïãï óôï Netware fileserver.
[1mnwrevoke[0m
Revoke Trustee Rights - óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá áöáéñÝóåôå ôá
äéêáéþìáôá äéá÷åéñéóôÞ áðü Ýíáí êáôÜëïãï óôïí Netware äéáêïìéóôÞ
áñ÷åßùí.
[1m13. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï PPP ãéá õðïóôÞñéîç IPX .[0m
Ïé íÝåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ [4mpppd[24m PPP äáßìïíá ãéá ôï Linux Ý÷ïõí õðïóôÞñéîç
ðïõ óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ìåôáöÝñåôå IPX ðáêÝôá ìÝóù ìéáò óåéñéáêÞò
óýíäåóçò PPP. ×ñåéÜæåóôå ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí ôçí Ýêäïóç ppp-2.2.0d ôïõ
äáßìïíá. Äåßôå ôï PPP-HOWTO <PPP-HOWTO.html> ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÝò
ìå ôï ðïõ èá ôï âñåßôå. ¼ôáí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå ôï [4mpppd[24m ðñÝðåé íá
óéãïõñÝøåôå üôé åíåñãïðïéÞóáôå ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç IPX ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ôéò äõï
áêüëïõèåò ãñáììÝò:
IPX_CHANGE = 1
USE_MS_DNS = 1
óôï áñ÷åßï : /usr/src/linux/pppd-2.2.0f/pppd/Makefile.linux.
To IPX_CHANGE åßíáé ü,ôé ñõèìßæåé ç õðïóôÞñéîç IPX óôï PPP. Ôï
USE_MS_DNS åðéôñÝðåé óå ìç÷áíÝò ìå Microsoft Windows95 íá êÜíïõí Name
Lookups.
Ôï ðñáãìáôéêü êüëðï ãéá íá ôï êÜíïõìå íá äïõëÝøåé åßíáé íá ãíùñßæïõìå
ðþò íá ôï ñõèìßóïõìå.
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëïß ôñüðïé íá ôï êÜíïõìå áõôü, áëëÜ èá ðåñéãñÜøù ìüíï ôá
äõï ãéá ôá ïðïßá Ý÷ù ðÜñåé ðëçñïöïñßåò. Äåí Ý÷ù äïêéìÜóåé êáíÝíáí áðü
ôïõò äýï áêüìç, ãé' áõôü èåùñÞóôå áõôü ôï óôÜäéï ðåéñáìáôéêü, êáé áí
ëåéôïõñãÞóåé êÜôé, ðáñáêáëþ åíçìåñþóôå ìå.
[1m13.1. Ñõèìßæïíôáò Ýíá IPX/PPP äéáêïìéóôÞ.[0m
Ôï ðñþôï ðñÜãìá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå åßíáé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï Linux
ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá IP/PPP äéáêïìéóôÞ. Ìçí ðáíéêïâÜëëåóôå! Äåí åßíáé
äýóêïëï. Áêïëïõèåßóôå ðÜëé ôéò ïäçãßåò óôï PPP-HOWTO <PPP-HOWTO.html>
êáé äå èá Ý÷åôå ðñüâëçìá. 1/4ôáí ôåëåéþóåôå ìå áõôü, õðÜñ÷ïõí
ïñéóìÝíåò áðëÝò ôñïðïðïéÞóåéò ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå ãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé
ôï IPX ðÜíù óôçí ßäéá ñýèìéóç.
[1m13.1.1. Ðñþôá âÞìáôá.[0m
¸íá áðü ôá ðñþôá âÞìáôá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå åßíáé íá ñõèìßóåôå
ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáí IPX äñïìïëïãçôÞ (router) üðùò ðåñéãñÜöôçêå óôï
êáôÜëëçëï ôìÞìá íùñßôåñá óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï. Äåí åßíáé áíÜãêç íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç åíôïëÞ [4mipx_route[24m ãéá ôï ppp interface ãéáôß ôï
[4mpppd[24m èá ôá ñõèìßóåé áõôÜ ãéá óáò üðùò êÜíåé êáé ãéá ôï IP. ¼ôáí ôñÝ÷åé
ï [4mipxd[24m äáßìïíáò, áíé÷íåýåé áõôüìáôá êÜèå íÝï IPX interface êáé
ìåôáâéâÜæåé ôéò äéáäñïìÝò ôïõò. Ìå áõôü ôï ôñüðï ôá dialup hosts èá
öáßíïíôáé áðü Üëëá ìç÷áíÞìáôá áõôüìáôá ìå ôç óýíäåóÞ ôïõò.
[1m13.1.2. Ó÷åäéáóìüò.[0m
¼ôáí ôñÝ÷åôå óá äéáêïìéóôÞò, ëïãéêÜ èá åßíáé äéêÞ óáò åõèýíç íá äþóåôå
äéåõèýíóåéò äéêôýïõ óå êÜèå PPP åäñáéùìÝíç óýíäåóç. Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá
óçìáíôéêü óçìåßï, êÜèå PPP óýíäåóç èá åßíáé Ýíá IPX äßêôõï êáé èá Ý÷åé
ìßá ìïíáäéêÞ äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ IPX. Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ðñÝðåé íá
áðïöáóßóåôå ðùò èá äéáíåßìåôå ôéò äéåõèýíóåéò êáé ðïéåò èá åßíáé. Åíáò
áðëüò ôñüðïò åßíáé íá äéáíåßìåôå ìéá äéåýèõíóç ôïõ IPX äéêôýïõ óå êÜèå
óåéñéáêÞ óõóêåõÞ ðïõ èá õðïóôçñßæåé IPX/PPP. Ìðïñåßôå íá äéáíåßìåôå
äéåõèýíóåéò ôïõ IPX äéêôýïõ ìå âÜóç ôï login id ôïõ óõíäåäåìÝíïõ
÷ñÞóôç, áëëÜ äå âëÝðù êÜðïéïí éäéáßôåñá êáëü ëüãï ãéá íá ôï êÜíù áõôü.
ÕðïèÝôù üôé áõôü åßíáé áõôü ðïõ Ý÷åôå êÜíåé, êáé üôé èá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå äõï óåéñéáêÝò óõóêåõÝò (modems). Ïé äéåõèýíóåéò ðïõ
Ý÷ù èÝóåé óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá åßíáé:
ÓõóêåõÞ Äéåýèõíóç Äéêôýïõ IPX
------ ---------------------
ttyS0 0xABCDEF00
ttyS1 0xABCDEF01
[1m13.1.3. Ñõèìßóôå ôï pppd .[0m
Ñõèìßóôå ôï áñ÷åßï /etc/ppp/options.ttyS0 üðùò áêïëïõèåß:
ipx-network 0xABCDEF00
ipx-node 2:0
ipxcp-accept-remote
êáé ôï áñ÷åßï /etc/ppp/options.ttyS1 ùò åîÞò :
ipx-network 0xABCDEF01
ipx-node 3:0
ipxcp-accept-remote
ÁõôÜ èá æçôÞóïõí áðü ôï [4mpppd[24m íá äéáèÝóåé óôç óýíäåóç ôéò êáôÜëëçëåò
äéåõèýíóåéò ôïõ IPX äéêôýïõ üôáí ç óýíäåóç Ý÷åé åäñáéùèåß, íá èÝóåé
ôïí áñéèìü ôïõ ôïðéêïý êüìâïõ óôï 2 Þ 3 êáé èá áöÞóïõí ôïí
áðïìáêñõóìÝíï êüìâï (remote node) íá ãñÜøåé áðü ðÜíù üôé íïìßæåé.
Óçìåéþóôå üôé êÜèå äéåýèõíóç åßíáé äåêáåîáäéêüò áñéèìüò êáé üôé ôï 0x
åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï óôç áñ÷Þ ôçò äéåýèõíóçò ôïõ äéêôýïõ, áëëÜ äåí
áðáéôåßôáé óôç áñ÷Þ ôçò äéåýèõíóçò ôïõ êüìâïõ.
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí Üëëá ìÝñç üðïõ áõôÝò ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò ìðïñïýí íá ñõèìéóôïýí. Áí
Ý÷åôå ìüíï Ýíá dialin modem ôüôå ìéá åããñáöÞ (entry) ìðïñåß íá ðÜåé
óôï áñ÷åßï /etc/ppp/options. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ áõôÝò ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò ìðïñïýí
íá ðåñÜóïõí óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ôïõ [4mpppd[24m.
[1m13.1.4. ÅëÝãîåôå ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ.[0m
Ãéá íá åëÝãîåôå ôç ñýèìéóç èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ìéá ñýèìéóç ðåëÜôç (client)
ðïõ íá îÝñåôå üôé äïõëåýåé óßãïõñá. ¼ôáí êÜðïéïò êáëåß, óõíäÝåôáé
(logs in) êáé ôï [4mpppd[24m îåêéíÜ, èá äéáèÝóåé ôç äéåýèõíóç ôïõ äéêôýïõ, èá
óõìâïõëåýóåé ôïí ðåëÜôç ôïõ áñéèìïý ôïõ êüìâïõ ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ (server
node number) êáé èá äéáðñáãìáôåõôåß ôïí áñéèìü ôïõ êüìâïõ ôïõ ðåëÜôç.
¼ôáí áõôü Ý÷åé ôåëåéþóåé, êáé áöïý ôï [4mipxd[24m Ý÷åé áíé÷íåýóåé ôï íÝï
interface ï ðåëÜôçò èá ðñÝðåé íá ìðïñåß íá åäñáéþóåé IPX óõíäÝóåéò óôá
áðïìáêñõóìÝíá hosts.
[1m13.2. Ñõèìßæïíôáò Ýíá IPX/PPP client.[0m
Óå ìéá ñýèìéóç ðåëÜôç, ôï áí èá ñõèìßóåôå ôï Linux ìç÷Üíçìá óáò óáí
Ýíá IPX äñïìïëïãçôÞ Þ ü÷é åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôï áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá ôïðéêü LAN ðïõ
åðéèõìåßôå íá óõìðåñéöÝñåôáé óáí Ýíáò IPX äñïìïëïãçôÞò ãé' áõôü. Áí
Ý÷åôå Ýíá standalone ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ óõíäÝåôáé ìå Ýíá IPX/PPP dialin
server ôüôå äåí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå íá ôñÝîåôå ôï [4mipxd[24m, áëëÜ áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá LAN
êáé åðéèõìåßôå üëá ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá óôï LAN íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôïí
äñïìïëïãçôÞ IPX/PPP, ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå êáé íá ôñÝîåôå ôï [4mipxd[0m
üðùò ðåñéãñÜøáìå. ÁõôÞ ç ñýèìéóç åßíáé ðïëý áðëïýóôåñç ãéáôß äåí Ý÷åôå
íá ñõèìßóåôå ðïëëáðëÝò óåéñéáêÝò óõóêåõÝò.
[1m13.2.1. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï pppd[0m
H áðëïýóôåñç ñýèìéóç åßíáé áõôÞ ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé óôï äéáêïìéóôÞ íá
ðáñÝ÷åé üëåò ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò ñýèìéóçò äéêôýïõ IPX. ÁõôÞ ç ñýèìéóç èá
åßíáé óõìâáôÞ ìå ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöçêå ðáñáðÜíù.
ÐÜëé ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìåñéêÝò åðéëïãÝò óôï áñ÷åßï /etc/ppp/options
, ðïõ åßíáé:
ipxcp-accept-network
ipxcp-accept-remote
ipxcp-accept-local
ÁõôÝò ïé åðéëïãÝò ëÝíå óôï [4mpppd[24m íá óõìðåñéöÝñåôáé ôåëåßùò ðáèçôéêÜ êáé
íá äÝ÷åôáé áðü ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ üëåò ôéò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ñýèìéóçò. Èá
ìðïñïýóáôå íá ðáñÝ÷åôå åäþ default ôéìÝò ãéá ôïõò servers ðïõ äåí
ðáñÝ÷ïõí ëåðôïìÝñåéåò, ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ôéò åããñáöÝò (entries) ãéá ôá ipx-
network êáé ipx-node ðáñüìïéá ìå ôï ñýèìéóç ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ.
[1m13.2.2. TåóôÜñïíôáò ôïí IPX/PPP ðåëÜôç.[0m
Ãéá íá ôåóôÜñåôå ôïí ðåëÜôç èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êáëÝóåôå Ýíá äéáêïìéóôÞ
ðïõ ãíùñßæåôå üôé äïõëåýåé. Áöïý ôïí Ý÷åôå êáëÝóåé êáé ôï pppd ôñÝ÷åé
èá ðñÝðåé íá âëÝðåôå ôéò IPX ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ðïõ ñõèìßóôçêáí óôç óõóêåõÞ
ppp0 üôáí ôñÝ÷åôå ôç åíôïëÞ [4mifconfig[24m êáé èá ðñÝðåé íá ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí [4mncpmount[24m.
Äåí åßìáé óßãïõñïò ãéá ôï áí èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå Þ ü÷é
÷åéñïêßíçôá ôéò IPX äéáäñïìÝò Ýôóé þóôå íá öôÜíåôå ôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
fileserver. Åßíáé ðïëý ðéèáíü. Áí êÜðïéïò ðïõ Ý÷åé áõôÞ ôç ñýèìéóç
ìðïñåß íá ìïõ ðåé, èá Þìïõí åõãíþìùí.
[1m14. IPX tunnel Ýíáíôé IP[0m
Ðïëëïß áðü óáò èá åßóôå óå êáôÜóôáóç üðïõ Ý÷åôå äõï Novell Local Area
Netorks ìüíï ìå ìéá IP óýíäåóç ìåôáîý ôïõò. Ðþò ðáßæïõìå ôï
multiplayer deathmatch DOOM ãéá ôï DOS ìå áõôÞ ôç äéÜôáîç ðéèáíÜ íá
ñùôÞóåôå; Ï Andreas Godzina <ag@agsc.han.de> Ý÷åé ôçí áðÜíôçóç ãéá óáò
óôç ìïñöÞ ôïõ [4mipxtunnel[24m.
Ôï [4mipxtunnel[24m ðáñÝ÷åé ìéá äéåõêüëõíóç ôýðïõ ãÝöõñáò (bridge-like
facility) ãéá ôï IPX åðéôñÝðïíôáò óôá IPX ðáêÝôá íá åßíáé
êùäéêïðïéçìÝíá ìå äéáãñÜììáôá tcp/ip Ýôóé þóôå íá ìðïñïýí íá
ìåôáöåñèïýí ìÝóù ìéáò óýíäåóçò tcp/ip. ÐåñéìÝíåé ãéá IPX ðáêÝôá êáé
üôáí åìöáíéóôåß Ýíá ôï "ôõëßãåé" ìå Ýíá äéÜãñáììá tcp/ip êáé ôï
äñïìïëïãåß óå ìéá ìáêñéíÞ IP äéåýèõíóç ðïõ åóåßò êáèïñßæåôå. Ãéá íá
ëåéôïõñãÞóåé áõôü öõóéêÜ, èá ðñÝðåé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ äñïìïëïãåßôå ôï
êùäéêïðïéçìÝíï IPX íá ôñÝ÷åé åðßóçò Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôçò ßäéáò Ýêäïóçò
ôïõ [4mipxtunnel[24m üðùò åóåßò.
[1m14.1. Áðïêôþíôáò ôï ipxtunnel[0m
Ìðïñåßôå íá áðïêôÞóåôå ôï [4mipxtunnel[24m áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu
<ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/daemons> Þ áðü êÜðïéï
mirror site.
[1m14.2. ×ôßæïíôáò ôï ipxtunnel[0m
¸÷ôéóá ÷ùñßò ðñüâëçìá ôï [4mipxtunnel[24m ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò áêüëïõèåò
åíôïëÝò:
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz .../ipxtunnel.tgz
# cd ipxtunnel
# make
[1m14.3. Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï ipxtunnel[0m
Ç ñýèìéóç ôïõ [4mipxtunnel[24m åßíáé áðëÞ. Áò õðïèÝóïõìå üôé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ôùí
ößëùí óáò åßíáé ôï gau.somewhere.com êáé ôï äéêü óáò ìç÷Üíçìá ôï
gim.sw.edu. Ôï [4mipxtunnel[24m ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ðïõ ëÝãåôáé
/etc/ipxtunnel.conf. Áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá êáèïñßóåôå ôï
default UDP port ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ãéá ôç tcp/ip óýíäåóç, ðïý èá
óôåßëåôå ôéò êùäéêïðïéçìÝíåò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ðïéï áðü ôá ôïðéêÜ
interfaces ôïõ [4mipxtunnel[24m èá ðñÝðåé íá áêïýåé êáé íá ðåñéìÝíåé íá
ðáñáäþóåé ôá ðáêÝôá IPX.
¸íá áðëü áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï áêüëïõèï:
#
# /etc/ipxtunnel.conf for gim.sw.edu
#
# The UDP port to use: (default 7666)
port 7777
#
# The remote machine to send IPX packets to: (no default)
remote gau.somewhere.com
#
# The local interfaces to listen for IPX on: (default eth0)
interface eth0
interface eth1
Ðñïöáíþò ôï Üëëï ìç÷Üíçìá èá Ý÷åé Ýíá ðáñüìïéï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôï
ïðïßï èá êáèïñßæåé áõôü ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáí Ýíá remote host.
[1m14.4. ÅëÝã÷ïíôáò êáé ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï ipxtunnel[0m
Ôï [4mipxtunnel[24m óõìðåñéöÝñåôáé [1móáí [22mìéá ãÝöõñá IPX, Ýôóé þóôå ôá äßêôõá
IPX óå ïðïéïäÞðïôå Üêñï ôçò óýíäåóçò èá åßíáé ðéèáíÜ ôá ßäéá. Ï
ÁíäñÝáò äåí Ý÷åé åëÝãîåé ðïôÝ ôï [4mipxtunnel[24m óå ðåñéâÜëëïí ôï ïðïßï
õðïóôçñßæåé Novell file servers, Ýôóé áí ôï äïêéìÜóåôå óå Ýíá
ðñáãìáôéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí åíçìåñþóôå ôïí ÁíäñÝá áí ëåéôïõñãåß Þ ü÷é.
Áí ôï [4mipxtunnel[24m ëåéôïõñãåß, ìðïñåßôå íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôá DOOM ìç÷áíÞìáôá
óáò óå êÜèå Üêñï ôçò óýíäåóçò ôñÝ÷ïíôáò óå IPX mode êáé èá ðñÝðåé íá
âëÝðåôå ï Ýíáò ôïí Üëëï.
Ï ÁíäñÝáò Ý÷åé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé áõôüí ôïí êþäéêá ìüíï ìÝóù êáëþí,
ãñÞãïñùí ãñáììþí êáé äåí éó÷õñßæåôáé ôßðïôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí áðüäïóÞ ôïõ
üôáí ç óýíäåóç åßíáé êáêÞò ðïéüôçôáò. ÐÜëé, åíçìåñþóôå ôïí ôé
ëåéôïõñãåß ãéá óáò êáé ôé ü÷é.
[1m15. ÅìðïñéêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç IPX ãéá Linux.[0m
[1m15.1. Ôï Network Desktop ôçò Caldera[0m
Ç Caldera Inc., ðáñÜãåé ìéá Linux äéáíïìÞ ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé ìéá óåéñÜ
áðü åìðïñéêÜ ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíïõ ôçò ðëÞñçò
ëåéôïõñãéêÞò client õðïóôÞñéîçò Novell NetWare. Ç âáóéêÞ äéáíïìÞ
åßíáé ç åõñÝùò åêôéìþìåíç äéáíïìÞ Red Hat Linux êáé ç Caldera Ý÷åé
ðñïóèÝóåé óå áõôü ôá ðñïúüíôá "Network Desktop". Ç õðïóôÞñéîç NetWare
ðáñÝ÷åé Ýíá client ìå üëá ôá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ôïõ Novell NetWare client
âáóéóìÝíï óôçí ôå÷íïëïãßá ôçò Novell Corporation ìå ôçí ÜäåéÜ ôçò. O
client ðáñÝ÷åé ðëÞñç client ðñüóâáóç óôoõò Novell 3.x êáé 4.x
äéáêïìéóôÝò áñ÷åßùí êáé ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ üðùò ôï NetWare
Directory Service (NDS) êáé RSA encryption.
Ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜñåôå ðïëëÝò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ëåðôïìÝñåéåò
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðáñáããåëßåò áðü ôï: Caldera Inc Web Server
<http://www.caldera.com/>.
Áí äïõëåýåôå óå ðåñéâÜëëïí Netware 4.x êáé/Þ óå NDS ôüôå ôï Caldera
Netware Client åßíáé ç ìïíáäéêÞ äéáèÝóéìç ëýóç.
Áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá ìéá óçìáíôéêÞ åöáñìïãÞ ãéá õðïóôÞñéîç Novell ãéá ôï
Linux ôüôå ôï ðñïúüí ôçò Caldera ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé êÜôé ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ôï
åîåôÜóåôå êáëÜ.
[1m16. ÏñéóìÝíåò óõ÷íÝò åñùôÞóåéò[0m
[1mÐïý ìðïñþ íá âñù åìðïñéêü ëïãéóìéêü IPX ãéá Linux;[0m
Ç åôáéñßá Caldera ðñïóöÝñåé Ýíá ðëÞñåò õðïóôçñéãìÝíï Netware 3.x
êáé 4.x client êáé ìå ðëÞñç Üäåéá. Ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜñåôå
ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá áõôü áðü ôï Caldera Inc Web Server
<http://www.caldera.com/>.
[1mÔï ëïãéóìéêü IPX ëåéôïõñãåß ìå Arcnet/Token Ring/êëð.;[0m
Ôï ëïãéóìéêü ãéá IPX óôï Linux ëåéôïõñãåß ìå ArcNet êáé Token
Ring interfaces. Äåí Ý÷ù áêïýóåé áêüìç êáíÝíáí íá ôï Ý÷åé
äïêéìÜóåé ìå ôï AX.25. Ç ñýèìéóç åßíáé ßäéá ìå áõôÞ ôïõ
ethernet åêôüò áðü ôï üôé ðñÝðåé íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ìå êáôÜëëçëá
ïíüìáôá óõóêåõþí áíôß ãéá 'etho' êáé êáôÜëëçëåò äéåõèýíóåéò
hardware üðïõ åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï.
[1mÐþò ñõèìßæù ðåñéóóüôåñá áðü Ýíá IPX interface;[0m
Áí Ý÷åôå ðåñéóóüôåñá áðü Ýíá interface óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ðñÝðåé
íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç åíôïëÞ [4mipx_interface[24m ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå
÷åéñïêßíçôá ôï êáèÝíá, äåí ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç ñýèìéóç
`plug n play'.
[1mÐþò åðéëÝãù IPX äéåõèýíóåéò;[0m
Ôï IPX networking åßíáé ðáñüìïéï, áëëÜ ü÷é ßäéï ìå ôï IP
networking. Ìéá ìåãÜëç äéáöïñÜ åßíáé ï ôñüðïò ìå ôïí ïðïßï
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ïé äéåõèýíóåéò. Ôï ÉPX äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí
Ýííïéá ôïõ subnetworking êáé Ýôóé ôá åßäç ôùí óõó÷åôßóåùí ðïõ
Ý÷åôå ìåôáîý ôùí äéåõèýíóåùí ôïõ äéêôýïõ êáé ôá äßêôõá åßíáé
äéáöïñåôéêÜ. Ïé êáíüíåò åßíáé ó÷åäüí áðëïß:
· ÊÜèå äéåýèõíóç ÉPX äéêôýïõ ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ìïíáäéêÞ óå Ýíá
äßêôõï ìåãÜëçò ðåñéï÷Þò Áõôü ðåñéëáìâÜíåé äéåõèýíóåéò åóùôåñéêïý
äéêôýïõ. Ðïëëïß ïñãáíéóìïß ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí IPX óå Ýíá äßêôõï
ìåãÜëçò ðåñéï÷Þò ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷ïõí êÜðïéï åßäïò ðñüôõðçò
äéåõèõíóéïäüôçóçò ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå.
· ÊÜèå äéåýèõíóç ôïõ host óå Ýíá áôïìéêü äßêôõï ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé
ìïíáäéêÞ. Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé êÜèå host óå êÜèå IPX äßêôõï ðñÝðåé
íá Ý÷åé ìéá ìïíáäéêÜ ïñéóìÝíç äéåýèõíóç. Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ôïõ
äéêôýïõ ethernet áõôü äåí åßíáé äýóêïëï êáèþò êÜèå êÜñôá Ý÷åé
ìïíáäéêÞ äéåýèõíóç. Óôç ðåñßðôùóç ôïõ IPX/PPP áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé
ðñÝðåé íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå äéáèÝóåé ìïíáäéêÝò äéåõèýíóåéò
óå üëïõò ôïõò hosts óôï äßêôõï, Üó÷åôá áðü ðïéü ôÝëïò ôùí
óõíäÝóåùí åßíáé óõíäåäåìÝíá. Ç äéåýèõíóç ôïõ host äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé
íá åßíáé ìïíáäéêÞ óå Ýíá äßêôõï ìåãÜëçò ðåñéï÷Þò êáèþò ç
äéåýèõíóç ôïõ äéêôýïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óå óõíäõáóìü ìå ôç
äéåýèõíóç ôïõ host ãéá íá áíáãíùñßæåé ìïíáäéêÜ Ýíá host.
[1mÔé åßíáé ôá frame types, ðïéÜ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóù;[0m
ÕðÜñ÷åé ìéá ðïéêéëßá áðü frame types óå ÷ñÞóç ðÜíù óôá ïðïßá
ìðïñåßôå íá ôñÝîåôå IPX. Ôï ðéï óõíçèéóìÝíï áðü áõôÜ
ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôï ôìÞìá 'êïéíïß üñïé' áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ (êÜôù
áðü ôï `Frame Type entry').
Áí èÝëåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò óå Ýíá õðÜñ÷ùí äßêôõï
ôüôå ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ïôéäÞðïôå åßíáé Þäç óå ÷ñÞóç ãéá
íá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá åðéêïéíùíÞóåôå ìå ôïõò Üëëïõò hosts óôï
äßêôõï, áëëÜ áí ç åãêáôÜóôáóç åßíáé óå ïëïêáßíïõñéï äßêôõï
ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå áðü ìéá óåéñÜ ðñùôüêïëëá
ãéá íá ìåôáöÝñåé ôï IPX traffic. Óáò óõíéóôþ áí ñõèìßæåôå Ýíá
ïëïêáßíïõñéï äßêôõï êáé áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå íá ìåôáöÝñåôå êáé ôá äõï
IPX êáé IP traffic íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï yEthernet_II frame
type.
[1mÔá Windows95 ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìïõ ìðåñäåýïíôáé êáôÜ ôçí áõôüìáôç[0m
[1máíß÷íåõóç frame type;[0m
Íáé, ðñïöáíþò ìðïñåß íá óõìâáßíåé áõôü. Èá ìðïñïýóá íá êÜíù
Üó÷çìá ó÷üëéá, áëëÜ áíôß ãé' áõôü èá ðñïôåßíù ìüíï íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç ÷åéñïêßíçôç ñýèìéóç frame type áíôß ãéá ôçí
áõôüìáôç. Ðéèáíüôáôá åßíáé ï êáëýôåñïò ôñüðïò.
[1mÃéáôß ìïõ âãáßíåé ôï ìÞíõìá 'invalid argument' üôáí ñõèìßæù ôï IPX;[0m
Ôï ðéèáíüôåñï åßíáé üôé äåí ôñÝ÷åôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé
ôï IPX, Ýôóé åßôå ìåôáãëùôôßóôå îáíÜ ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ãéá íá ôï
õðïóôçñßæåé, Þ åëÝãîôå äéðëÜ üôé Ý÷åôå ðñÜãìáôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé
ôï lilo ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ôñÝîåôå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá.
[1mÃéáôß ìïõ âãáßíåé ôï ìÞíõìá 'package not installed', üôáí ñõèìßæù[0m
[1môï IPX;[0m
Ôï ðéèáíüôåñï åßíáé üôé äåí ôñÝ÷åôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé
ôï IPX, Ýôóé åßôå ìåôáãëùôôßóôå îáíÜ ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ãéá íá ôï
õðïóôçñßæåé, Þ åëÝãîôå äéðëÜ üôé Ý÷åôå ðñÜãìáôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé
ôï lilo ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ôñÝîåôå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá.
[1mÃéáôß ìïõ âãáßíåé ôï ìÞíõìá 'IPX support not in kernel' áðü ôï[0m
[4mpppd[24m[1m;[0m
¸÷åôå ðéèáíüôáôá ìåôáãëùôôßóåé ôï IPX óáí Ýíá module êáé äå
âåâáéùèÞêáôå üôé Þôáí öïñôùìÝíï ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå ôï [4mpppd[24m.
[1mÐþò êÜíù NFS export Ýíá mounted NCP filesystem;[0m
Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóù ôï NFS ãéá íá êÜíù export Ýíá NCP óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí ðñÝðåé íá ôï ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
[4mncpmount[24m -V. ÁõôÞ ç åðéëïãÞ óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ìüíï
Ýíá volume åíüò äéáêïìéóôÞ áñ÷åßùí áíôß ôçò óõíçèéóìÝíçò
ðñïóÜñôçóçò üëùí. ¼ôáí ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, ï NFS äáßìïíáò èá óáò
åðéôñÝøåé íá êÜíåôå export åêåßíï ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ìå ôï
óõíçèéóìÝíï ôñüðï.
[1mÃéáôß äå ëåéôïõñãåß ôï slist üôáí Ý÷ù Ýíá åóùôåñéêü äßêôõï ìå[0m
[1mmars_nwe;[0m
ÐñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå åíåñãïðïéÞóåé ôïí êïíôéíüôåñï äéáêïìéóôÞ. Áõôü
óçìáßíåé üôé ôï entry 401 óôï áñ÷åßï /etc/nwserv.conf, ðñÝðåé íá
åßíáé 0 åêôüò áí Ý÷åôå êÜðïéï ëüãï ãéá íá ìçí áðáíôÜôå ãéá íá
âñåßôå ôïõò êïíôéíüôåñïõò servers. Áí èÝëåôå áðëÜ íá êÜíåôå ôï
slist íá äïõëÝøåé êáé íá ìçí áðáíôÜôå óå êÜèå áßôçóç ðïõ äÝ÷åóôå
áðü ôïí êïíôéíüôåñï äéáêïìéóôÞ, óõìðåñéëÜâåôå ôï åóùôåñéêü óáò
äßêôõï êáé ôïí áñéèìü êüìâïõ óôï áñ÷åßï /etc/nwserv.stations êáé
èÝóôå ôï entry 401 óôï áñ÷åßï /etc/nwserv.conf óå 2.
[1mÔï ðáêÝôï ncpfs ëåéôïõñãåß ìå mars_nwe ;[0m
Ï êþäéêáò ôùí Martin êáé Volker áñ÷ßæåé óéãÜ óéãÜ íá óõãêëßíåé.
Ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ [4mmars_nwe[24m Ý÷ïõí ìéá åðéëïãÞ ôçí ïðïßá
åíåñãïðïéåßôå ãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé ìå ôï [4mncpfs[24m. ÐñÝðåé íá
åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï WITH_NAME_SPACE_CALLS óôï [4mmars_nwe[24m óôï áñ÷åßï
config.h>.
[1mÕðÜñ÷åé êáíÝíá äùñåÜí ëïãéóìéêü ãéá DOS ôï ïðïßï íá ëåéôïõñãåß ìå[0m
[1mmars_nwe;[0m
Ìéá åðéíïçìÝíç åñþôçóç áîßæåé ìéá åðéíïçìÝíç áðÜíôçóç. ×áßñïìáé
ðïõ ñùôÞóáôå, ï Ìartin Ý÷åé Ýíá ðáêÝôï ôï ïðïßï äéáíÝìåé
ðáñÜðëåõñá ìå ôï ðáêÝôï [4mmars_nwe[24m ðïõ ðñïóöÝñåé äùñåÜí DOS client
õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ôï [4mmars_nwe[24m äéáêïìéóôÞ. Ìðïñåßôå íá ôï âñåßôå
óôá ßäéá sites ðïõ âñÞêáôå êáé ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ, êáé èá ëÝãåôáé
mars_dosutils-0.01.tgz. ÐåñéëáìâÜíåé C ðçãáßï êþäéêá ãéá
ðñïãñÜììáôá üðùò ôá [4mslist.exe[24m, [4mlogin.exe[24m, [4mmap.exe[24m êëð. Ï
êþäéêáò ìðïñåß íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ìå Borland(tm) C.
[1m17. ÐíåõìáôéêÜ Äéêáéþìáôá.[0m
Tï IPX-HOWTO, Ýíáò ïäçãüò ãéá ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ôïõ IPX ðñùôïêüëëïõ ãéá
Linux. Copyright (c) 1995 Terry Dawson. Áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá åßíáé
äùñåÜí ëïãéóìéêü. Ìðïñåßôå íá ôï äéáíåßìåôå êáé/Þ íá ôï ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå
êÜôù áðü ôïõò üñïõò ôïõ General Public License üðùò åêäüèçêå áðü ôï
Free Software Foundation. Åßôå ôçò 2ç Ýêäïóçò ôçò ¶äåéáò, åßôå (óôçí
åðéëïãÞ óáò) êÜèå åðüìåíçò Ýêäïóçò. Áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá äéáíÝìåôáé ìå
ôç åëðßäá üôé èá åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï, áëëÜ ìå êáìßá ÅÃÃÕÇÓÇ. ×ùñßò ïýôå ôçí
õðïíïïýìåíç åããýçóç ôçò ÅÌÐÏÑÅÕÓÉÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ Þ ÁÑÌÏÄÉÏÔÇÔÇÔÁÓ ÃÉÁ ÊÁÐÏÉÏ
ÓÕÃÊÅÊÑÉÌÅÍÏ ÓÊÏÐÏ. Äåßôå ôçí GNU General Public Üäåéá ãéá
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò. Èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå ðÜñåé Ýíá áíôßôõðï ôçò
GNU General Public Üäåéáò ìå áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá. Áí ü÷é, ãñÜøôå óôï:
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA.
[1m18. ÄéÜöïñá êáé Åõ÷áñéóôßåò.[0m
Ïé David E. Storey <dave@tamos.gmu.edu> êáé Volker Lendecke
<lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> âïÞèçóáí ðïëý ðáñÝ÷ïíôáò ìïõ ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá
áõôü ôï êåßìåíï. Ïé Gilbert Callaghan <gilbert@pokey.inviso.com>,
David Higgins <dave@infra.com> êáé Chad Robinson
<chadr@brtgate.brttech.com> ðñïóÝöåñáí ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï ðþò íá
ñõèìßóïõìå ôï IPX/PPP. Ï Bennie Venter <bjv@Gil-galad.paradigm-
sa.com> óõíåßóöåñå äßíïíôáò ìåñéêÝò ÷ñÞóéìåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá
frame types. Ï Christopher Wall <vergil@idir.net Ýêáíå ìåñéêÝò
÷ñÞóéìåò ðñïôÜóåéò ãéá íá âåëôéþóïõìå ôçí áíáãíùóéìüôçôá êáé ôç äïìÞ
áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ. Ï Axel Boldt <boldt@math.ucsb.edu> ðñïóÝöåñå
ïñéóìÝíåò ÷ñÞóéìåò ðñïôÜóåéò êáé feedback. Ï Erik D. Olson
<eriko@wrq.com> ðñüóöåñå ÷ñÞóéìï feedback êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ðþò íá
ñõèìßóïõìå ôï PPP ãéá IPX. Ï Brian King <root@brian.library.dal.ca>
Ýäùóå ìéá åñþôçóç ãéá ôï ôìÞìá FAQ.
"NetWare" åßíáé Ýíá êáôá÷ùñçìÝíï trademark ôçò Novell Corporation
<http://www.novell.com/>. "Caldera" åßíáé Ýíá êáôá÷ùñçìÝíï trademark
ôçò Caldera Corporation <http://www.caldera.com/>.
÷áéñåôéóìïß Terry Dawson, VK2KTJ.
<terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au>
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