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<h3 class="subsection"> 4.14.2 Physics using ODE </h3>
<p>The <samp>‘odedynam’</samp> plugin implements physics for Crystal Space using
the <small>ODE</small> library.
</p>
<a name="1"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"> Doing the Timed Physics Simulation </h4>
<p>To make sure the physics simulation proceeds correctly in time you must
tell <small>ODE</small> how much time has elapsed since previous frame so that
it can calculate the collisions and physical interactions that happened
during that time. The <code>iDynamics->Step()</code> function is responsable for
that. As a parameter it has a delta which is a floating point number that
represents the number of seconds to calculate. You should not make this
number too big because that will make the calculations less accurate. A
good number for accurate calculation is around <samp>‘0.01’</samp>. <samp>‘0.02’</samp>
is also good and makes calculations a bit faster. However, what should you
do if the elapsed number of seconds is bigger then that number? In that
case you should divide the elapsed time with the delta and perform that
number of steps one by one. It is also very important to make sure that
the delta you pass to the <code>Step()</code> function is constant. If this
number is variable then <small>ODE</small> will not behave well and you get stability
errors. Here below I present a possible code snippet that will ensure
that the delta is constant and also makes sure that no time is lost so
that the speed of physics simulation is constant even with variable
framerate:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">csRef<iVirtualClock> vc = ...;
csRef<iDynamics> dynamics = ...;
float delta = 0.01f;
float remaining_seconds = 0.0f;
...
void ProcessPhysicsEveryFrame ()
{
csTicks elapsed_time = vc->GetElapsedTicks ();
float seconds = float (elapsed_time) / 1000.0f;
seconds += remaining_seconds;
while (seconds >= delta)
{
ProcessForces (delta);
dynamics->Step (delta);
seconds -= delta;
}
remaining_seconds = seconds;
}
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>This snippet of code will make sure that <code>Step</code> is only called with
a constant delta. If there is a small time left after the loop (less then
delta) then that will be remembered (in <samp>‘remaining_seconds’</samp>) for the next
frame.
</p>
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