Linux Ethernet-Howto
by Paul Gortmaker
v2.7, 5 May 1999
¸ÍÁöÂù, jcmaeng@kldp.org
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ifconfig³ª route¿Í °°Àº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀûÀÎ ¸éÀº ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.
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1. ¼Ò °³AID CDATA main-intro(LABEL)LABEL
1.1 ÀÌ ¹®¼ÀÇ »õ ¹öÀüµéAID CDATA new-doc(LABEL)LABEL
1.2 Ethernet-HowtoÀÇ »ç¿ëAID CDATA using(LABEL)LABEL
1.3 µµ¿ÍÁÖ¼¼¿ä - À߾ȵǿä!AID CDATA help(LABEL)LABEL
2. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ ¾²·Á¸é ¹«½¼ Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¾ßÇϳª?AID CDATA what-card(LABEL)LABEL
2.1 ¾î¶² µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ°ÅÁö?
2.2 8 bit ´ë 16 bit Ä«µåAID CDATA 8-vs-16(LABEL)LABEL
2.3 32 Bit (VLB/EISA/PCI) ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
2.4 »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 100Mbs Ä«µå¿Í µå¶óÀ̹öµé
2.5 100VG ´ë 100BaseT
2.6 ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ÄÉÀ̺íÀÇ Á¾·ùAID CDATA cable-intro(LABEL)LABEL
3. Frequently Asked QuestionsAID CDATA faq(LABEL)LABEL
3.1 Alpha Drivers -- ±¸ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇϱâAID CDATA alfa(LABEL)LABEL
3.2 ¸Ó½Å´ç ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå »ç¿ëÇϱâAID CDATA two-card(LABEL)LABEL
3.3 (TTether= ¸í·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ÖÁö?
3.4 3.4 NE1000 / NE2000 Ä«µå(±×¸®°í ȣȯÁ¦Ç°)µéÀÇ ¹®Á¦AID CDATA ne2k-probs(LABEL)LABEL
3.5 SMC Ultra/EtherEZ ¿Í WD80*3 Ä«µåµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦AID CDATA 8013-probs(LABEL)LABEL
3.6 3Com Ä«µåµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦AID CDATA 3com-probs(LABEL)LABEL
3.7 ¾î¶² Ä«µå¿¡µµ ƯȵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº FAQµé.
3.7.1 ¸®´ª½º¿Í ISA Plug and Play ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
3.7.2 ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
3.7.3 (TTifconfig°¡ Ä«µå¿¡ ´ëÇØ À߸øµÈ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
3.7.4 PCI ¸Ó½ÅÀº Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾Æ³»Áö¸¸ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â Ž»ö¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ´Ù.
3.7.5 PCI ¸Ó½Å³»ÀÇ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ISA Ä«µåµéÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (0xffff)
3.7.6 Ä«µå°¡ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ º¸³»´Â°Í °°Àºµ¥ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹ÞÁö¸¦ ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
3.7.7 ºñµ¿±â Àü¼Û ¸ðµå (ATM) Áö¿ø
3.7.8 ±â°¡¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌ´õ³Ý Áö¿ø
3.7.9 FDDI Áö¿ø
3.7.10 Full Duplex Áö¿ø
3.7.11 SMP ¸Ó½Å»óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
3.7.12 Alpha/AXP PCI º¸µåµé »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
3.7.13 SUN/Sparc Çϵå¿þ¾î »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
3.7.14 ´Ù¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î»óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
3.7.15 Çãºê¾øÀÌ 10 ¶Ç´Â 100 BaseT ¿¬°áÇϱâ
3.7.16 SIOCSIFxxx: No such device
3.7.17 SIOCSFFLAGS: Try again
3.7.18 `ifconfig'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ 00:00:00:00:00:00 °ªÀÇ HW-addr·Î UNSPEC ¿¬°á
3.7.19 ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ RX ¿Í TX ¿¡·¯µé
3.7.20 (TT/dev/ ³»ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ³»¿ë¹°µé
3.7.21 ¸®´ª½º¿Í ``trailers''
3.7.22 Àú¼öÁØ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ
4. ¼º´É ÆÁµéAID CDATA perf(LABEL)LABEL
4.1 ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °³³äµé
4.2 ISA Ä«µåµé°ú ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ
4.3 TCP ¼ö½Å À©µµ¿ìÀÇ ¼³Á¤
4.4 NFS ¼º´É ¿Ã¸®±â
5. ƯÁ¤ ÆǸÅÀÚ/Á¦Á¶¾÷ü/¸ðµ¨º° Á¤º¸AID CDATA card-intro(LABEL)LABEL
5.1 3ComAID CDATA 3com(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.1 3c501AID CDATA 3c501(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.2 EtherLink II, 3c503, 3c503/16AID CDATA 3c503(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.3 Etherlink Plus 3c505AID CDATA 3c505(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.4 Etherlink-16 3c507AID CDATA 3c507(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.5 Etherlink III, 3c509 / 3c509BAID CDATA 3c509(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.6 3c515AID CDATA cork(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.7 3c523AID CDATA 3c523(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.8 3c527AID CDATA 3c527(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.9 3c529AID CDATA 3c529(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.10 3c562
5.1.11 3c575
5.1.12 3c579AID CDATA 3c579(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.13 3c589 / 3c589BAID CDATA 3c589(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.14 3c590 / 3c595AID CDATA vortex(LABEL)LABEL
5.1.15 3c592 / 3c597
5.1.16 3c900 / 3c905 / 3c905B
5.1.17 3c985
5.2 AcctonAID CDATA accton(LABEL)LABEL
5.2.1 Accton MPX
5.2.2 Accton EN1203, EN1207, EtherDuo-PCI
5.2.3 Accton EN2209 Parallel Port Adaptor (EtherPocket)
5.2.4 Accton EN2212 PCMCIA Card
5.3 Allied Telesyn/TelesisAID CDATA allied-telesis(LABEL)LABEL
5.3.1 AT1500AID CDATA at-1500(LABEL)LABEL
5.3.2 AT1700AID CDATA at1700(LABEL)LABEL
5.3.3 AT2450AID CDATA at2450(LABEL)LABEL
5.3.4 AT2500
5.3.5 AT2540FXAID CDATA at2540(LABEL)LABEL
5.4 AMD / Advanced Micro DevicesAID CDATA amd(LABEL)LABEL
5.4.1 AMD LANCE (7990, 79C960/961/961A, PCnet-ISA)AID CDATA lance(LABEL)LABEL
5.4.2 AMD 79C965 (PCnet-32)AID CDATA pcnet-32(LABEL)LABEL
5.4.3 AMD 79C970/970A (PCnet-PCI)AID CDATA pcnet-pci(LABEL)LABEL
5.4.4 AMD 79C971 (PCnet-FAST)
5.4.5 AMD 79C972 (PCnet-FAST+)
5.4.6 AMD 79C974 (PCnet-SCSI)
5.5 Ansel CommunicationsAID CDATA ansel(LABEL)LABEL
5.5.1 AC3200 EISA
5.6 Apricot
5.6.1 Apricot Xen-II On Board Ethernet
5.7 ArcnetAID CDATA arcnet(LABEL)LABEL
5.8 AT&T
5.8.1 AT&T T7231 (LanPACER+)
5.9 Boca ResearchAID CDATA boca(LABEL)LABEL
5.9.1 Boca BEN (ISA, VLB, PCI)AID CDATA boca-ben(LABEL)LABEL
5.10 CabletronAID CDATA ctron(LABEL)LABEL
5.10.1 E10**, E10**-x, E20**, E20**-xAID CDATA e10xx(LABEL)LABEL
5.10.2 E2100AID CDATA e2100(LABEL)LABEL
5.10.3 E22**AID CDATA e2200(LABEL)LABEL
5.11 Cogent
5.11.1 EM100-ISA/EISA
5.11.2 Cogent eMASTER+, EM100-PCI, EM400, EM960, EM964
5.12 Compaq
5.12.1 Compaq Deskpro / Compaq XL (Embedded AMD Chip)
5.12.2 Compaq Nettelligent/NetFlex (Embedded ThunderLAN Chip)
5.13 Danpex
5.13.1 Danpex EN9400
5.14 D-LinkAID CDATA d-link(LABEL)LABEL
5.14.1 DE-100, DE-200, DE-220-T, DE-250AID CDATA de-100(LABEL)LABEL
5.14.2 DE-520AID CDATA de-520(LABEL)LABEL
5.14.3 DE-528
5.14.4 DE-530AID CDATA de-530(LABEL)LABEL
5.14.5 DE-600AID CDATA de-600(LABEL)LABEL
5.14.6 DE-620AID CDATA de-620(LABEL)LABEL
5.14.7 DE-650AID CDATA de-650(LABEL)LABEL
5.15 DFIAID CDATA dfi(LABEL)LABEL
5.15.1 DFINET-300 and DFINET-400AID CDATA dfi-300(LABEL)LABEL
5.16 Digital / DECAID CDATA dec(LABEL)LABEL
5.16.1 DEPCA, DE100/1, DE200/1/2, DE210, DE422AID CDATA dec-200(LABEL)LABEL
5.16.2 Digital EtherWorks 3 (DE203, DE204, DE205)AID CDATA dec-ewrk3(LABEL)LABEL
5.16.3 DE425 EISA, DE434, DE435, DE500 AID CDATA dec-eisa(LABEL)LABEL
5.16.4 DEC 21040, 21041, 2114x, Tulip AID CDATA dec-21040(LABEL)LABEL
5.17 Farallon
5.17.1 Farallon Etherwave
5.18 Fujitsu
5.18.1 Fujitsu FMV-181/182/183/184
5.19 Hewlett PackardAID CDATA hp(LABEL)LABEL
5.19.1 27245AAID CDATA hp-27245a(LABEL)LABEL
5.19.2 HP EtherTwist, PC Lan+ (27247, 27252A)
5.19.3 HP-J2405A
5.19.4 HP-Vectra On Board Ethernet
5.19.5 HP 10/100 VG Any Lan Cards (27248B, J2573, J2577, J2585, J970, J973)
5.19.6 HP NetServer 10/100TX PCI (D5013A)
5.20 IBM / International Business MachinesAID CDATA ibm(LABEL)LABEL
5.20.1 IBM Thinkpad 300AID CDATA thinkpad-300(LABEL)LABEL
5.20.2 IBM Credit Card Adaptor for Ethernet
5.20.3 IBM Token Ring
5.21 ICL Ethernet Cards
5.21.1 ICL EtherTeam 16i/32
5.22 Intel Ethernet CardsAID CDATA intel(LABEL)LABEL
5.22.1 Ether Express
5.22.2 Ether Express PRO/10
5.22.3 Ether Express PRO/10 PCI (EISA)
5.22.4 Ether Express PRO 10/100BAID CDATA eepro100(LABEL)LABEL
5.23 Kingston
5.24 LinkSys
5.24.1 LinkSys Etherfast 10/100 Cards.
5.24.2 LinkSys Pocket Ethernet Adapter Plus (PEAEPP)
5.24.3 LinkSys PCMCIA Adaptor
5.25 Microdyne
5.25.1 Microdyne Exos 205T
5.26 Mylex
5.26.1 Mylex LNE390A, LNE390B
5.26.2 Mylex LNP101
5.26.3 Mylex LNP104
5.27 Novell Ethernet, NExxxx and associated clones.AID CDATA novell(LABEL)LABEL
5.27.1 NE1000, NE2000AID CDATA ne2k(LABEL)LABEL
5.27.2 NE2000-PCI (RealTek/Winbond/Compex)AID CDATA ne2k-pci(LABEL)LABEL
5.27.3 NE-10/100
5.27.4 NE1500, NE2100AID CDATA ne1500(LABEL)LABEL
5.27.5 NE/2 MCA
5.27.6 NE3200AID CDATA ne3200(LABEL)LABEL
5.27.7 NE3210AID CDATA ne3210(LABEL)LABEL
5.27.8 NE5500
5.28 Proteon
5.28.1 Proteon P1370-EA
5.28.2 Proteon P1670-EA
5.29 Pure Data
5.29.1 PDUC8028, PDI8023
5.30 Racal-Interlan
5.30.1 ES3210
5.30.2 NI5010
5.30.3 NI5210
5.30.4 NI6510 (not EB)AID CDATA ni65xx(LABEL)LABEL
5.30.5 EtherBlaster (aka NI6510EB)
5.31 RealTek
5.31.1 RealTek RTL8002/8012 (AT-Lan-Tec) Pocket adaptorAID CDATA aep-100(LABEL)LABEL
5.31.2 RealTek 8009
5.31.3 RealTek 8019
5.31.4 RealTek 8029
5.31.5 RealTek 8129/8139AID CDATA rtl8139(LABEL)LABEL
5.32 Sager
5.32.1 Sager NP943
5.33 Schneider & Koch
5.33.1 SK G16
5.34 SEEQ
5.34.1 SEEQ 8005
5.35 SMC (Standard Microsystems Corp.) AID CDATA smc(LABEL)LABEL
5.35.1 WD8003, SMC Elite
5.35.2 WD8013, SMC Elite16AID CDATA 8013(LABEL)LABEL
5.35.3 SMC Elite UltraAID CDATA ultra(LABEL)LABEL
5.35.4 SMC Elite Ultra32 EISAAID CDATA ultra32(LABEL)LABEL
5.35.5 SMC EtherEZ (8416)
5.35.6 SMC EtherPower PCI (8432)AID CDATA smc-pci(LABEL)LABEL
5.35.7 SMC EtherPower II PCI (9432)AID CDATA smc-pci-II(LABEL)LABEL
5.35.8 SMC 3008
5.35.9 SMC 3016
5.35.10 SMC-9000 / SMC 91c92/4
5.35.11 SMC 91c100
5.36 Texas Instruments
5.36.1 ThunderLANAID CDATA tlan(LABEL)LABEL
5.37 Thomas Conrad
5.37.1 Thomas Conrad TC-5048
5.38 VIA
5.38.1 VIA 86C926 Amazon
5.38.2 VIA 86C100A Rhine II (and 3043 Rhine I)
5.39 Western Digital
5.40 Winbond
5.40.1 Winbond 89c840
5.40.2 Winbond 89c940
5.41 XircomAID CDATA xircom(LABEL)LABEL
5.41.1 Xircom PE1, PE2, PE3-10B*
5.41.2 Xircom PCMCIA Cards
5.42 ZenithAID CDATA zenith(LABEL)LABEL
5.42.1 Z-NoteAID CDATA z-note(LABEL)LABEL
5.43 ZnyxAID CDATA zynx(LABEL)LABEL
5.43.1 Znyx ZX342 (DEC 21040 based)
5.44 Identifying an Unknown CardAID CDATA mystery(LABEL)LABEL
5.44.1 Identifying the Network Interface Controller
5.44.2 Identifying the Ethernet Address
5.44.3 Tips on Trying to Use an Unknown Card
5.45 Drivers for Non-Ethernet Devices
6. ÄÉÀ̺íµé, µ¿Ã༱, ²¿ÀÓ¼±AID CDATA cable(LABEL)LABEL
6.1 Thin Ethernet (thinnet)AID CDATA bnc(LABEL)LABEL
6.2 ²¿ÀÓ¼±AID CDATA utp(LABEL)LABEL
6.3 Thick Ethernet
7. ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Á¤°ú Ä«µå Á¡°ËAID CDATA utils(LABEL)LABEL
7.1 ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéAID CDATA config(LABEL)LABEL
7.1.1 WD80x3 Ä«µåµé
7.1.2 Digital / DEC Ä«µåµé
7.1.3 NE2000+ ¶Ç´Â AT/LANTIC Ä«µåµé
7.1.4 3Com Ä«µåµé
7.2 ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¡°Ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéAID CDATA diag(LABEL)LABEL
8. ±â¼úÀû Á¤º¸AID CDATA tech-intro(LABEL)LABEL
8.1 Programmed I/O vs. °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® vs. DMAAID CDATA data-xfer(LABEL)LABEL
8.1.1 Programmed I/O (e.g. NE2000, 3c509)
8.1.2 °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® (e.g. WD80x3, SMC-Ultra, 3c503)
8.1.3 Slave (normal) Direct Memory Access (e.g. ¸®´ª½º¿¡´Â ¾ø´Ù!)
8.1.4 Bus Master Direct Memory Access (e.g. LANCE, DEC 21040) AID CDATA master(LABEL)LABEL
8.2 Writing a DriverAID CDATA skel(LABEL)LABEL
8.3 Driver interface to the kernel
8.3.1 Probe
8.3.2 Interrupt handler
8.3.3 Transmit function
8.3.4 Receive function
8.3.5 Open function
8.3.6 Close function (optional)
8.3.7 Miscellaneous functions
8.4 Technical information from 3ComAID CDATA 3com-tech(LABEL)LABEL
8.5 Notes on AMD PCnet / LANCE Based cardsAID CDATA amd-notes(LABEL)LABEL
8.6 Multicast and Promiscuous ModeAID CDATA promisc(LABEL)LABEL
8.7 The Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF)AID CDATA bpf(LABEL)LABEL
9. ·¦Å¾/³ëÆ®ºÏ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿ÍÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ·AID CDATA notebook(LABEL)LABEL
9.1 SLIP »ç¿ëÇϱâ
9.2 PCMCIA Áö¿øAID CDATA pcmcia(LABEL)LABEL
9.3 µµÅ· ½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀÇ ISA ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå
9.4 Æ÷ÄÏ/Æз¯·¼ Æ÷Æ® ¾Æ´äÅ͵é.
10. Miscellaneous.AID CDATA misc(LABEL)LABEL
10.1 Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àμö ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ±âAID CDATA lilo(LABEL)LABEL
10.1.1 (TTether ¸í·É¾îAID CDATA ether(LABEL)LABEL
10.1.2 (TTreserve ¸í·É¾îAID CDATA reserve(LABEL)LABEL
10.2 ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇϱâAID CDATA modules(LABEL)LABEL
10.3 °ü·Ã ¹®¼
10.4 Disclaimer and CopyrightAID CDATA copyright(LABEL)LABEL
10.5 ³¡¸ÎÀ½
______________________________________________________________________
1. ¼Ò °³
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Paul Gortmaker, p_gortmaker@yahoo.com
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ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Paul Gortmaker¿¡°Ô ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.(Copyright (c) 1993-1999)
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¾Ê ¾Æ¿ä.''°°Àº ¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â ±ÛÀ» °Ô½ÃÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¸é ³î¶ö°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´º½º±×·ìÀ»
Àд »ç¶÷ µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °Ô½Ã¹°µéÀº ¹«½ÃÇÏ·ÁÇϹǷÎ, ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°í ¾µ¸ðÀÖ´Â
Á¤º¸µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹® Á¦¼³¸íµé¸¸ÀÌ `¸®´ª½º µµ»ç'µéÀÇ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
2. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ ¾²·Á¸é ¹«½¼ Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¾ßÇϳª?
ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¿¬°á·Î ÇÏ·Á´Â ÀÏ°ú
±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº Àü¼Û·®À» °®´ÂÁö¿¡ ´Þ·È´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´ÜÁö Àá±ñ¾¿ ftp¿Í WWW ¿¬°áÀ» ÇÏ·Á´Â ´ÜÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ¶ó¸é, ³°Àº 8
ºñÆ® ISA Ä«µå¸¸À¸·Îµµ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼¹ö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÁÖ°í ¹Þ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥ÀÌŸ·Î
ÀÎÇÑ CPU ºÎÇϸ¦ ÃÖ¼Ò·Î À¯ÁöÇϴ°ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷÎ, DEC tulip (21xxx)
ĨÀ̳ª AMD PCnet-PCI Ĩó·³ ¹ö½º ¸¶½ºÅ͸µ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â PCI Ä«µåÁß¿¡
Çϳª¸¦ °í¸£¸é µÈ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À§ÀÇ Áß°£Á¤µµ¿¡ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù¸é, ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â Àú°¡ÀÇ PCI
³ª 16 ºñÆ® ISA Ä«µåÁß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ °í¸£¸é µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
2.1. ¾î¶² µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ°ÅÁö?
16ºñÆ® ISA Ä«µåµé Áß¿¡¼´Â, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ¾ÈÁ¤µÇ¾î¼,
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Ä«µå¸¦ »ê´Ù¸é ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹®Á¦µµ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ»°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
SMC-Ultra/EtherEZ, SMC-Elite (WD80x3), 3c509, Lance, NE2000.
¿©±â¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÁö
À§ÀÇ °ÍµéÀÌ ¸ðµç ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµé Áß¿¡ °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÇ°í °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ
»ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼, °¡ Àå ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ µÈ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡Àº ¸î¸î °ª½Ñ ¸¶´õº¸µåµéÀº ISA Lance Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â
¹ö½º¸¶½ºÅ͸µ °ú ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¸î¸î Àú°¡ÀÇ NE2000 ȣȯǰµéÀº
ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ ¹ß°ßÇϱ⿡ ¾î·Á¿òÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â PCI µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ 3Com
Vortex/Boomerang (3c59x/3c9xx), DEC tulip (21xxx), ±×¸®°í Intel
EtherExpressPro 100. ¼ö¸¹Àº PCI-NE2000 ȣȯīµåµéµµ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹ÀÌ
¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸, PCI-NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µå¸¦ »ç´Â °ÍÀº ³·Àº °¡°ÝÀÌ ÇöÀçÀÇ °í¼º´É
µðÀÚÀÎ Ä«µåº¸ ´Ù Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é º°·Î ±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
2.2. 8 bit ´ë 16 bit Ä«µå
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ »õ 8 bit ISA ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ »ç·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯ ³ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¸î³âµ¿¾È ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ¹Ù²Ü¶§±îÁö ¸Å¿ì ³·Àº °¡°ÝÀÇ
±×µéÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀÌ Ã£¾Æº¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×µéÀ» ``È«-ÀÌ´õ³Ý''
½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÀαâÁ¦Ç° À¸·Î ¸¸µé°ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áö±ÝÀº PCI Ä«µåµéÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ̱â
¶§¹®¿¡, À§ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº Áö±Ý ÀÇ 16 bit ISA Ä«µåµé¿¡°Ôµµ ±×·¸´Ù.
¸î¸î 8 ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº ³·Àº °¡°Ý¿¡ Àû´çÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» º¸À̴µ¥, wd803, 3c503
±× ¸®°í ne1000ÀÌ ±×·¸´Ù. 3c501Àº ³·Àº ¼º´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇϸç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ 12³â
ÀÌ»óµÈ XT½ÃÀýÀÇ °ÍµéÀº ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±×µéÀ» Alan¿¡°Ô º¸³»ÁÖ±æ, ±×´Â
¼öÁýÇÑ´Ù..)
8 ºñÆ® wd8003 Ä«µå(fast ISA ¹ö½º »ó¿¡¼)·Î ºü¸¥ È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ´ë·«
500¿¡¼ 800kB/sÀÇ ´Ù¿î·Îµå ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, 8 ºñÆ® µ¥ÀÌŸ
Æнº´Â ¼º´É¿¡ Çظ¦ ³¢Ä¡Áø ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ Àü¼Û·®ÀÇ
´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¿ø°Ý »ç ÀÌÆ®·Î °¡´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, ¾îµò°¡¿¡ º´¸ñÇö»óÀÌ ÀÖÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÌ ½Å°æ¾µ ¼ÓµµÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐ ·ÎÄà ¼ºê³Ý
»ó¿¡¼ ½ÇÁ¦ È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾ÈÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
2.3. 32 Bit (VLB/EISA/PCI) ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
10Mbs ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã 32 ºñÆ® ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇ϶ó. 8MHz ISA ¹ö½º»óÀÇ 10Mbps ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ¿Ö
Á¤¸»·Î º´ ¸ñÁöÁ¡ÀÌ ¾Æ´ÑÁö´Â ``Programmed I/O vs. ...''¸¦ º¸¾Æ¶ó. ºü¸¥
¹ö½º»ó¿¡ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ À־ ±×°ÍÀÌ ´õ ºü¸¥ Àü¼ÛÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
¾Æ´Ï°í, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÁß»ç¿ëÀÚ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÁÁÀº, CPU ºÎÇÏÀÇ °¨¼Ò¸¦
ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
¹°·Ð Áö±ÝÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ 100Mbps ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼´Â 32 ºñÆ® ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º°¡ Àüü
´ë ¿ªÆøÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù. AMD´Â 32 ºñÆ® PCnet-VLB ¿Í PCnet-PCI
Ĩµé À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. LANCE / PCnet-ISA ÀÇ 32 ºñÆ® ¹öÀü¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â
``AMD PCnet-32''ºÎºÐÀ» º¸¶ó.
DEC 21xxx PCI `tulip' ĨÀº ÆÄ¿öÀ¯ÀúµéÀÇ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ´Ù.( ``DEC
21040''À» º¸¶ó) ¼ö¸¹Àº Á¦Á¶¾÷üµéÀÌ ÀÌ Ä¨À» »ç¿ëÇؼ Ä«µå¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ°í,
±×·¯ÇÑ À̸§ ¾ø´Â Ä«µåµéÀÇ °¡°ÝÀº º¸Åë ¾ÆÁÖ Àú·ÅÇÏ´Ù.
3ComÀÇ `Vortex' ¿Í `Boomeran' PCI Ä«µå¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÅÃÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÏ ´Â ±â°£¿¡ ºñ±³Çغ¼¶§ °¡°Ý´À ¸Å¿ì Àú·ÅÇÏ´Ù. ( ``3c590/3c595''¸¦
º¸¶ó)
IntelÀÇ EtherExpress Pro 10/100 PCI Ä«µå ¶ÇÇÑ ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ Àß µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù°í
¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. (``EtherExpress''¸¦ º¸¶ó)
¼ö¸¹Àº ȣȯǰ Á¦Á¶¾÷üµéÀº RealTek À̳ª Winbond Ĩ ±â¹ÝÀÇ PCI NE2000
È£ ȯǰÀ» ¸¸µé±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Ä«µåµéµµ v2.0.31 ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
¸®´ª½ºÀÇ ne2000 µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Àß Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Ä«µå°¡ ½Ã´ë°¡ Áö³
ne2000 µå¶óÀ̹ö ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ´õ ºü¸¥ ¹ö½º
ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º·Î ÀÎÇÑ °Í ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡´Â ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. v2.0.34 (±× ÀÌ»ó)¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ
Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇØ µ¶¸³µÈ PCIÆ¯ÈµÈ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÎ ne2k-pci.cµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö
Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ISA ne.c µå¶óÀ̹öº¸´Ù ¾ÆÁÖ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¼º´É Çâ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
2.4. »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 100Mbs Ä«µå¿Í µå¶óÀ̹öµé
ÇöÀç Áö¿øµÇ´Â 100Mbs Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. DEC 21140 Ĩ
±â¹ÝÀÇ Ä«µåµé; 3c595/3c90x Vortex Ä«µåµé; EtherExpressPro10/100B;
PCnet-FAST; SMC 83c170 (epic100) °ú HP 100VG ANY-LAN.
°¢°¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ÀÌ ¹®¼ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ¾÷ü¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °÷µµ È®ÀÎÇغ¸¶ó.
Linux and 100Mbs Ethernet
<http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/misc/100mbs.html>
Donald's 100VG Page
<http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/100vg.html>
Dan Kegel's Fast Ethernet Page <http://alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/fe/>
2.5. 100VG ´ë 100BaseT
100BaseT°¡ 100VGº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ°í, comp.os.linux¿¡ °Ô½ÃÇÑ
DonaldÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ Á¤º¸¾ÈÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ ³»¿ëÀº ±× »óȲÀ» ¸Å¿ì Àß ¿ä¾àÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
``»çÁ¤À» Àß ¸ð¸£´Â À̵éÀ» À§ÇØ ¸»Çϸé, 100Mbs ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ç¥ÁØÀº µÎ°¡Áö°¡
°æÀïÇÏ °í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº 100VG (100baseVG ¿Í 100VG-AnyLAN) °ú 100baseT
(100baseTx, 100baseT4 ±×¸®°í 100baseFx ÄÉÀ̺í ŸÀÔ)ÀÌ´Ù.
100VG°¡ ¸ÕÀú ½ÃÀå¿¡ ¼±º¸¿´°í, ³»°¡ ´À³¢±â¿¡µµ ±×°ÍÀÌ 100baseTxº¸´Ù ´õ
Àß ¸¸µé¾îÁø°Í °°´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°¡ À̱â±æ ¹Ù¶óÁö¸¸, È®½ÇÈ÷ ±×·¸°Ô µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. HP et al. Àº ¸î°¡Áö ¾ÈÁÁÀº ¼±ÅÃÀ» Çß´Ù.
1) Ç¥ÁØÀ» Áö¿¬½ÃÅ°°í IBM°ú Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© ÅäÅ« ¸µ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº
ÅäÅ« ¸µ ¼¥À» ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ ÀûÇÕÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº ±â¼ú¿¡
ÀÇÁ¸ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾ÆÁÖ °ªºñ½Ñ ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡·ê ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ `±× ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â
ÁÁÀº »ý°¢°°¾Æ º¸¿´´Ù' ±×·¯³ª ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »ó¿¡ µÎ°¡Áö ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ Å¸ÀÔÀÌ
°øÁ¸ÇÒ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú°í, ÅäÅ«¸µÀº ³Ê¹«
º¹ÀâÇϹǷÎ, IBMÀº 100BaseT¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù.
2) ´ÜÁö ISA ¿Í EISA Ä«µåµé¸¸ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. (PCI ¸ðµ¨Àº ÃÖ±Ù¿¡¾ß
¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù.) ISA ¹ö½º´Â 100mbs¿¡´Â ³Ê¹« ´À¸®°í, EISA ¸Ó½ÅµéÀº ¸Å¿ì
ÀûÀº ¼ö¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã ¿¡´Â VLB°¡ PCI¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ°í, ºü¸£¸ç,
Àú·ÅÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª "±¸½Ã´ë" Áö½ÄÀÎÀº ¼¹ö´Â ´õ °í°¡ÀÇ EISA
¹ö½º¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.
3) ³ª¿¡°Ô µ¥ÀÌŸºÏÀ» º¸³»Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ 100VG°¡ Ã߶ôÇÑ ÁøÂ¥
ÀÌÀ¯´Ù :-). ³ª´Â ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿äûÇßÁö¸¸, ³»°¡
¹ÞÀº°ÍÀ̶ó°í´Â AT&T¿¡¼ º¸³½ Regatta Ĩ¼ÂÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÈǸ¢ÇÑÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ
¼³¸íÇسõÀº ¸îÆäÀÌÁöÂ¥¸® ±×·²µíÇÑ Ä÷¯ ÆÊÇ÷¿ »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù.
2.6. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ÄÉÀ̺íÀÇ Á¾·ù
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼Ò±Ô¸ðÀÇ ``°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ'' ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
thinnet Áï thin ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ç¥ÁØ BNC
Ä¿³ØÅÍÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. BNC (±Ý¼ÓÁ¦ÀÇ ´©¸£°í µ¹·Á¼ Àá±×´Â)
Ä¿³ØÅ͸¦ °¡Áø thinnet, Áï thin ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÄÉÀÌºí¸µ, (RG-58 µ¿Ãà ÄÉÀ̺í) Àº
±â¼ú¿ë¾î·Î 10Base2¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³ÝÄ«µåµéÀº ´ÜÁö $10-$20¸¸ ´õÇϸé `ÄÞº¸' ¹öÀüÀ» ±¸ÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Ä«µåµéÀº ²¿ÀÓ¼±°ú thinnet ´ÜÀÚ¸¦ ³»ÀåÇÏ°íÀÖ¾î¼, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
³ªÁß¿¡ ¸¶À½À» ¹Ù²Û´ÙÇصµ ±¦Âú´Ù.
RJ-45 (´ëÇü ÀüÈ Àè)À» °¡Áø ²¿ÀÓ¼± ÄÉÀ̺í Ä¿³ØÅÍ´Â ±â¼ú¿ë¾î·Î
10BaseT¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶Ç UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)¶ó°íµµ
ºÒ¸®¿î´Ù.
¿¹ÀüÀÇ ¼³Ä¡¹°¿¡¼¸¸ ã¾Æº¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸ÇüÀÇ thick ÀÌ´õ³Ý (10mm
µ¿ÃàÄÉÀ̺í)Àº 10Base5¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. ¸î¸î Ä«µåµé¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â 15ÇÉ
DÇü Ç÷¯±× (AUI Ä¿³ØÅÍ)´Â thick ÀÌse2 ´ë½Å¿¡ 10BaseT°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
10Base2´Â 100Base°è¿·ÎÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾÷±×·¹À̵嵵 Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´õ³Ý°ú
¿ÜºÎ ´ÜÀÚ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÄÉÀÌºí¿¡ °üÇؼ´Â ``ÄÉÀ̺í, µ¿Ãà...'' ¸¦ º¸±â
¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
3. Frequently Asked Questions
ÀÌ°÷¿¡´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚÁÖ ¹°¾îº¸´Â
Áú¹®µé(FAQ)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î ƯÁ¤ Áú¹®µéÀº `Á¦Á¶¾÷üº°'¿¡ Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´äº¯À» ¿øÇÏ´Â Áú¹®µéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡°¡ Áú¹®ÇÑ °Í(±×¸®°í
´äº¯ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù!)ÀÌ°í, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©±â¼ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´äº¯À» ãÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì,Àû¾îµµ
¾Æ·¡°°ÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´º½º ¾ÆÄ«À̺갡 ÀÖ´Â °÷À» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Dejanews <http://www.dejanews.com>.
3.1. Alpha Drivers -- ±¸ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇϱâ
³»°¡ µè±â·Î´Â ³» Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °»½ÅµÇ°Å³ª ½ÃÇè¹öÀüÀÇ ¾ËÆÄ
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù °í Çϴµ¥ ¾îµð¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
`»õ' µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ °¡Àå ÃֽŹöÀüÀº DonaldÀÇ ftp »çÀÌÆ®
cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov ¾ÈÀÇ /pub/linux/ ¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±âÀÖ´Â
°ÍµéÀº ÀÚÁÖ ¹Ù²î¹Ç·Î, ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, WWW ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¸¦
»ç¿ëÇؼ
Don's Linux Home Page <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/>
¿¡ °¡¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ã£°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ´õ¿í ½±°Ô ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (WWW
ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î ãÀ¸¸é ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÅÇÀ» ½ºÆäÀ̽º³ª ±âŸµîµîÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¹ö¸°´Ù -
ftp¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é Àû¾îµµ ´Ù¿î¹ÞÀ» FTP URLÀº ¾Ë¾ÆµÖ¶ó.)
ÀÚ, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î ¾ËÆÄ µå¶óÀ̹ö, ¶Ç´Â ¾ËÆÄ ÀÌÀüÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¶ó¸é,
±× À̸§Ã³·³ ´Ù·ç±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ¹«¾ùÀ»
ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒÁö¶óµµ ºÒÆòÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ½ÃÇè Çغ¸Áö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç,
±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¿îµÇ´õ¶óµµ ºÒÆòÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó. ´ë½Å Àß ÀÛ¼ºµÈ
¹ö±× ¸®Æ÷Æ®¸¦ º¸³»°Å³ª, ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ º¸³»ÁØ´Ù¸é ´õ ÁÁ´Ù!
Ç¥ÁØ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º Æ®¸®¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ¸î¸î `»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ' ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ/¾ËÆÄ
µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. make config¸¦ ÇßÀ»¶§ °¡Àå
¸ÕÀú ¹°¾îº¸´Â °ÍÀº ``°³¹ßÁßÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÄÚµå/ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡
´ëÇØ Ç¥½Ã(Prompt for development and/or incomplete
code/drivers)''ÇÒ°ÍÀÎÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ËÆÄ/½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ
°ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ Áú¹®µéÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·Á¸é ¿©±â¿¡ `Y'¶ó°í ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3.2. ¸Ó½Å´ç ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå »ç¿ëÇϱâ
¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ µÎ°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϳª¿ä?
ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀûÀç°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö
Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÄÄÆÄ ÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. Áö±ÝÀÇ
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»µéÀº ¸ðµâ·¯ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀº ¹èÆ÷µÇ°í
ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº Ä¿³Îµé°ú °¢°¢ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ´ÜÀÏ
±âº» Ä¿³ÎÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ƯÁ¤ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °¢°¢ ÀÇ
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÉ ¶§ µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâ ÆÄÀϵ鿡 ÃæºÐÈ÷ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖµµ·Ï Çѹø ·ÎµåµÈ´Ù. (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î /lib/modules/¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.)
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î: PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, º¸Åë ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¸ðµç Ä«µåÀÇ
ºê·£µå ¸ðµ¨À» ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ISA Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì,
Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾Æ³»´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, º¸Åë ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾îµð¼ Ä«µå¸¦
ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â
/etc/conf.modules¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ µÎ°³ÀÇ ISA NE2000 Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, Çϳª´Â
0x300¿¡ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥°ÍÀº 0x240¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ /etc/conf.modulesÀÇ
³»¿ëÀ» º¸¸é,
alias eth0 ne
alias eth1 ne
options ne io=0x240,0x300
ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¸´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °ü¸®ÀÚ (ȤÀº Ä¿³Î)ÀÌ modprobe eth0
ȤÀº modprobe eth1¶ó°í Çϸé, ne.o µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ eth0³ª eth1¸¦ À§ÇÑ
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ne.o ¸ðµâÀÌ ÀûÀçµÉ¶§, io=0x240,0x300
¶ó´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ·ÎµåµÇ¾î, µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¾îµð¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»Áö
¾Ë·ÁÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. 0x´Â Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù - DOS ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø
300h°°Àº °ÍµéÀº ÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 0x240 ¿Í 0x300ÀÇ ¼ø¼¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀº
eth0 ¿Í eth1ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû Ä«µå ¼ø¼¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ISA ¸ðµâ
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ÀÌ ¿¹¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ ´Ù·ç±â À§ÇØ ÄÞ¸¶·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ
¿©·¯°³ÀÇ IO °ªÀ» ¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, 3c501.o ¸ðµâ°ú °°Àº ¸î¸î
(±¸ÇüÀÇ?) µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ Ä«µå¸¸À»
´Ù·ê¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ µÎ ÀåÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ã±â À§Çؼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸ðµâÀ»
µÎ¹ø ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ /etc/conf.modules ÈÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
alias eth0 3c501
alias eth1 3c501
options eth0 -o 3c501-0 io=0x280 irq=5
options eth1 -o 3c501-1 io=0x300 irq=7
ÀÌ ¿¹¿¡¼ -o ¿É¼ÇÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °°Àº À̸§À¸·Î µÎ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â
¶§¹®¿¡ °¢ ¸ðµâ °´Ã¼¸¶´Ù À¯ÀÏÇÑ À̸§À» ºÎ¿©Çϱâ À§Çؼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. irq=
¿É¼Çµµ ¶ÇÇÑ Ä«µåÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î IRQ ¼³Á¤À» Á¤ÇØÁÖ±â À§Çؼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (ÀÌ
¹æ¹ýÀº ÄÞ¸¶·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ I/O °ªµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ¸ðµâµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ ¾µ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤¸» ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ ¸ðµâÀÌ µÎ¹ø¾¿
·ÎµåµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ú È¿À²ÀûÀÌ´Ù.)
¸¶Áö¸· ¿¹·Î, 0x350¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 3c509 Ä«µå¿Í 0x280¿¡ ÀÖ´Â SMC Elite16
(WD8013) Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø À¯Àú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¼³Á¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
alias eth0 wd
alias eth1 3c503
options wd io=0x280
options 3c503 io=0x350
PCI Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, PCI Ä«µåÀÇ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Ã£¾Æ³¾¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡
¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¸Åë ÀûÀýÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§°ú °°ÀÌ ethN ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ
alias ÁÙ¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµâµéÀº º¸Åë /lib/modules/`uname -r`/net¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©±â¼ uname -r ¸í·ÉÀº Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü (¿¹: 2.0.34)À» µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
°Å±â¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡ ¸Â´Â °ÍÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ conf.modules
ÈÀÏ¿¡ Çѹø Á¦´ë·Î ¼³Á¤À» Çß´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Çؼ ½ÃÇèÇØ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
modprobe ethN
dmesg | tail
`N'Àº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
Ä¿³Î ¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î: ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä¿³Î¿¡
ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦
»ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
Ä«µå¸¸ÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ã¾ÆÁø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇ϶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ Ä«µåµéÀ»
ãÀ»¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÎÆýÃÀÇ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ÇÇÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù.
(¾Ë¾ÆµÑ°Í: 2.1.x ÈĹݴëÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼´Â, ºÎÆ® °Ë»öÀÌ ¾ÈÀü°ú ºÒ¾ÈÀüÀ¸·Î
³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í, ±×·¡¼ ¸ðµç ¾ÈÀü (¿¹: PCI¿Í EISA) °Ë»öÀº ¸ðµç °ü·ÃµÈ
Ä«µåµéÀ» ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾ÆÁÖ°Ô µÈ ´Ù. (¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø
½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ Àû¾îµµ ÇϳªÀÇ ISA Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì ¿¡´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °úÁ¤Áß Çϳª¸¦ Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.)
µÎ¹ø° (±×¸®°í »õ¹ø°, ±×¸®°í...) Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °Ë»öÇϴµ¥´Â µÎ°¡Áö
¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº º¸Åë LILO¸¦ ÅëÇØ Çϴ°Íó·³ ºÎÆýÿ¡
Ä¿³Î·Î Àμö¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µÎ¹ø° Ä«µå¸¦ ã´Â °ÍÀº ºÎÆýÿ¡
ether=0,0,eth1ó·³ °£´ÜÇÑ Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ eth0¿Í
eth1´Â ºÎÆýÿ¡ ã¾ÆÁö´Â ¼ø¼´ë·Î Á¤ÇØÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Ä«µå°¡ eth0´Â
0x300¿¡, ±×¸®°í eth1´Â 0x280¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=5,0x300,eth0 ether=15,0x280,eth1
ether= ¸í·ÉÀº À§¿¡¼ º¸¿©Áö´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ IRQ + I/O + À̸§À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°Ô
µÈ´Ù. Àüü ¹®¹ý°ú ƯÁ¤ Ä«µå ÀÎÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í LILO ÆÁµéÀ» º¸·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½À»
º¸¸é µÈ´Ù. ``ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àμö Àü´ÞÇϱâ...''
ÀÌ ºÎÆýÃÀÇ ÀμöµéÀº ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸Å¹ø ´Ù½Ã ÃijÖÀ»
ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. LILO ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÁß `append'´Â LILO ¸Å´º¾óÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
µÎ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº (±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù) Space.c ¸¦ ÆíÁýÇؼ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò Ç׸ñÀÇ
0xffe0 ºÎºÐÀ» ¿µÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ãÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 0xffe0 ºÎºÐÀº ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇؼ
°Ë»öÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù -- ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¿µÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù´Â °ÍÀº
ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»öÀ» ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©±â¼ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ Á¡Àº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸¾à ¸®´ª½º¸¦ µÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »çÀÌÀÇ
°ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³ÎÀ» IP Æ÷¿öµù °¡´ÉÀ¸·Î Çؼ
ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏ Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ±¸½Ä AT/286¿¡ `kbridge'°°Àº
¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀº ÇØ°á¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ³Ý ¼ÇÎ µµÁß¿¡ º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Donald°¡ ±×ÀÇ WWW »çÀÌÆ®¿¡
°®°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì´Ï ÇÏ¿ìÅõ¸¦ º¼¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¶ó.
Multiple Ethercards
<http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/misc/multicard.html>.
3.3. ether= ¸í·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ÖÁö?
À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ °Íó·³, ether= ¸í·ÉÀº ´ÜÁö Ä¿³Î¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾îÀÖ´Â
µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ¸¸ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ¿äÁò ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹èÆ÷ÆǵéÀº ¸ðµâ
Çü½ÄÀ¸·ÎµÈ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠether= ¸í·ÉÀº ´õÀÌ»ó °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëµÇÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.(¸î¸î ¿À·¡µÈ ¹®¼µéÀº ÀÌ º¯È¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© °»½ÅµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.) ¸¸ÀÏ
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâ¿¡ ¿É¼ÇµéÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¹Ýµå½Ã
/etc/conf.modules ÈÀÏÀ» °íÃľ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Áö±Ý ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ LILO
¼³Á¤ÈÀÏ ¿¡ ether=¸¦ Ãß°¡Çß´Ù¸é, ¹Ù²ï ¼³Á¤ ÈÀÏ·Î ½ÇÇàµÇµµ·Ï lilo¸¦
Àç½ÇÇàÇϱâ Àü±îÁö´Â È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í½ÉÇضó.
3.4. 3.4 NE1000 / NE2000 Ä«µå(±×¸®°í ȣȯÁ¦Ç°)µéÀÇ ¹®Á¦
Problem: PCI NE2000 ȣȯīµå°¡ v2.0.x·Î ºÎÆýà ãÁú ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
Reason: v2.0.30 ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ ne.c µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ´ÜÁö RealTek 8029 ±â¹Ý
ȣȯīµåµéÀÇ PCI ID ³Ñ¹ö¸¸À» ¾Ë°íÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î PCI NE2000
ȣȯīµå·Î ³ª¿Â, ´Ù¸¥ PCI ID ³Ñ¹ö¸¦ °¡Áø Ä«µåµéÀ» µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ã¾Æ ³»Áö
¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution: °¡Àå ½¬¿î ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î¹öÀü v2.0.31 (¶Ç´Â ±×
ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº ´Ù¼¸°¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ NE2000-PCI
Ĩµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ID ³Ñ¹ö¸¦ ¾Ë°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ºÎÆýÿ¡³ª ¸ðµâÀÌ ÀûÀçµÇ´Â
½Ã°£¿¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±×µéÀ» ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ 2.0.34 (¶Ç´Â ±×
ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å Çϸé, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¿À¸®Áö³¯ ISA/PCI µå¶óÀ̹öº¸´Ù ¾à°£
´õ ÀÛ°í º¸´Ù È¿À²ÀûÀÎ PCI¸¸ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Problem: PCI NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µå°¡ v2.0.x¿¡¼ ºÎÆýóª ne.o ¸ðµâÀ»
ÀûÀçÇÒ¶§ ne1000 (8ºñÆ® Ä«µå!) ¶ó°í ³ª¿À°í, ±×¸®°í³ª¼´Â ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason: ¸î¸î PCI ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº ¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÆøÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.(±×¸®°í ÁøÂ¥ 100% NE2000 ȣȯ ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù). ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ NE1000
Ä«µå·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ã¾Æ³»´Â °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution: À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇß´ø °Íó·³ v2.0.31 (¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å
Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö(µé) Àº ÇöÀç ÀÌ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¹ö±×¸¦ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
Problem: PCI NE2000 Ä«µå°¡ ¼º´É ÆÁ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ¼³¸íµÈ´ë·Î À©µµ¿ì »çÀÌÁ
ÁÙÀ϶§¿¡µµ Á¤¸» ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Reason: °³¹ßÇؼ ÆǸŵÈÁö ½Ê³âµµ ´õ µÈ ¿À¸®Áö³¯ 8390 ĨÀÇ ½ºÆå Ç¥¸¦
º¸¸é, ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ °¢ ¾²±â ÀÛ¾÷Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ĨÀÌ ´À¸° Àб⸦
¿äûÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â v1.2 Ä¿³Î ¶§ºÎÅÍ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·±
±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸»Çϱâ·Î´Â ±× `À߸ø µÈ
±â´É'À» ´Ù½Ã »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¸é °ª½Ñ PCI NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µåÀÇ ¼º´É¿¡
µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
Solution: ÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ´ÜÁö ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÇÑÅ×¼¸¸ ³ª¿Ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡,
±×·¸°Ô Èñ¸ÁÀûÀÌÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù. ¾²±â Àü¿¡ Àб⸦ ´Ù½Ã °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô °íÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº
linux/drivers/net/¾ÈÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö ÈÀÏ À» °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ÆíÁýÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
NE_RW_BUGFIX¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁÙÀÇ ÁÖ¼®À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ °í Ä¿³ÎÀ̳ª ¸ðµâÀ»
ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇØÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é,
¼º´ÉÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿Í Ä«µå/Ĩ¼Â Á¾·ù¸¦ ±â¼úÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô e-mailÀ» º¸³»ÁÖ±â
¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ( ne2k-pci.c µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
Problem: ne2k-pci.c µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ PCI NE2000 Ä«µå¿¡¼ timeout waiting for
Tx RDC¿Í °°Àº ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³»°í Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿Í/¶Ç´Â Ä«µå¿¡¼ PCI ¹ö½º·ÎÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ ÀÌ
µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ long word I/O optimizationÀ» ´Ù·ê¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution: ¿ì¼±, BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â PCI ¹ö½º
ŸÀֿ̹¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ÀÌ¶óµµ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¶ó. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é ISA/PCI
ne.c µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ (¾Æ´Ï¸é ne2k-pci.c¿¡¼ #define
USE_LONGIOºÎºÐÀ» ¾ø¾Ö°í) Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù.
Probem: ISA Plug and Play NE2000 (RealTek 8019°°Àº)ÀÌ ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason: ¿ø·¡ÀÇ NE2000 »ç¾ç¿¡´Â (±×¸®°í ¸®´ª½º NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹öµµ)
Ç÷¯±× ¾Ø Ç÷¹ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀº ¾ø´Ù.
Solution: PnP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ Ä«µå¿Í ÇÔ²² µû¶ó¿À´Â DOS
¼³Á¤ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ, Ä«µå¿¡ ƯÁ¤ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í IRQ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í
/etc/conf.modules¿¡ options ne io=0xNNN¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼
0xNNN´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä«µå¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ 16Áø¼ö I/O ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. (¿©±â¼´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é ºÎÆ®½Ã¿¡
ether=0,0xNNN,eth0 Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù). ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡
µé¾î°¡¼ PnP ´ë½Å¿¡ Legacy-ISA¿ë IRQ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸¾à
¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿ÍÀÇ È£È¯¼ºÀ» À§Çؼ PnP¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ »óÅ·Π³²°ÜµÖ¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù¸é isapnptools ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó. man isapnp¸¦ Ãļ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇغ¸¶ó. ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ
URLÀ» ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
ISA PNP Tools <http://www.roestock.demon.co.uk/isapnptools/>
Problem: NE*000 µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ºÎÆ® °Ë»ö½Ã¿¡ `not found (no reset
ack)'¶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
Reason: ÀÌ°ÍÀº À§ÀÇ º¯È¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Ãʱâ È®ÀÎÀÛ¾÷ ÈÄ¿¡ 8390Àº
°Ë»öµÈ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÖ°ÔµÇ°í ¸®¼ÂÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. Ä«µå°¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸®¼ÂÀÌ
µÉ¶§, ¸®¼ÂÀÌ ³¡³µ´Ù°í ¾Ë¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é,
µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ÇöÀç ¾î¶°ÇÑ NE Ä«µåµµ ¾ø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution: µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡°Ô ºÎÆýÿ¡ 0xbadÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â mem_end 16Áø¼ö
°ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÈÁÁÀº Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº 0xbadÀÇ ÀçÁ¤ÀǸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ Ä«µå¿¡ ¿µÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦
Á¦°øÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸®¼ÂµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Ä«µå°¡ 0x340¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾²¸é µÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=0,0x340,0,0xbad,eth0
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ ¸®¼ÂÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ Ä«µå Ž»öÀ»
°è¼ÓÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁØ°Íó·³ bad=0xbad ¿É¼ÇÀ» ³Ö¾îÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Problem: óÀ½ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¶§ NE*000 Ä«µå°¡ ¸Ó½ÅÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃŲ´Ù.
Reason: ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â 1.1.57Á¤µµÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ ÇöÀç¿¡±îÁö º¸°íµÇ°í
ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸î¸î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ·Î ¼³Á¤°¡´ÉÇÑ È£È¯ Ä«µåµé¿¡¼¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ãʱâȸ¦ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Solution: ¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°±âÀ§ÇØ ¿úºÎÆà (Áï,
loadlin À̳ª `¼¼¼Õ°¡¶ôÀλç - ctrl+alt+del:¿ªÀÚÁÖ')Çϱâ Àü¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â
DOS ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̳ª DOS µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù°í
º¸°íÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌ Ä«µåµéÀÌ ÇöÀç ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °Í °ú´Â
¾à°£ ´Ù¸£°Ô, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃʱâȵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Problem: 0x360¿¡¼ NE*000 ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ÀâÈ÷Áú ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason: NE2000 Ä«µå´Â 0x20ÀÇ I/O ÆøÀ» °®´Âµ¥, À̶§¹®¿¡ Æз¯·¼ Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ
ÁÖ¼ÒÀÎ 0x378¸¦ ħ¹üÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×ÀÚ¸®¿¡´Â µÎ¹ø° Ç÷ÎÇÇ ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯(¸¸ÀÏ
ÀÖ´Ù¸é)°¡ 0x370¿¡ ±×¸®°í µÎ¹ø° IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯°¡ 0x376--0x377°¡ ÀÖÀ»¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±× Æ÷Æ®(µé)°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µî·ÏÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
Ä¿³ÎÀº Ž»öÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 0x280, 0x340, 0x320°°Àº ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å±â°Å³ª
Æз¯·¼ ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ Áö¿ø ¾øÀÌ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇ϶ó.
Problem: ¹º°¡¸¦ ÇÁ¸°Æ®Çϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ `Á×¾î¹ö¸°´Ù' (NE2000)
Reason: À§¿Í °°Àº ¹®Á¦ÀÌÁö¸¸, I/O¿µ¿ªÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´õ ¿À·¡µÈ Ä¿³ÎÀ»
»ç¿ëÁßÀÌ´Ù. À§¿¡¼ ó·³ ÇØ°áÇÏ¸é µÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾²´Â °Íº¸´Ù »õ Ä¿³ÎÀ»
±¸Ç϶ó.
Problem: NE*000 ethercard probe at 0xNNN: 00 00 C5 ... not found.
(invalid signature yy zz)
Reason: ¿ì¼± ¸ÕÀú, 0xNNN ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ NE1000 ¶Ç´Â NE2000 Ä«µå°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?
±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Çϵå¿þ ¾î ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ Á¦´ë·ÎµÈ °Íó·³ ³ª¿À´Â°¡?
±×·¸´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇüÆí¾ø´Â NE*000 ȣȯīµå¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç
NE*000 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº Ä«µåÀÇ SA PROMÀÇ 14 ¿Í 15 ¹ø° ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡ 0x57°ªÀ»
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡Áø°ÍÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù -- ´ë½Å `yy zz'¸¦ °¡Áö °í
ÀÖ´Ù.
Solution: ¿©±â¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº À§ÀÇ `no reset
ack' ¹®Á¦¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ °Íó·³ 0xbad mem_end °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô
ÇÏ¸é ¼¸í È®ÀÎÀ» ÇÏÁö¾Ê°í Áö ³ª°¥ °ÍÀÌ°í, ¿µÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò°ªµµ
ÁÖ¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
µÎ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº(ÇØÄ¿µé¿¡°Ô ÇØ´çµÇ°ÚÁö¸¸) µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä¿³Î(¶Ç´Â ¸ðµâ)À» ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×
µå¶óÀ̹ö(/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/ne.c)´Â ¾à 42¹ø ¶óÀÎÁ¤µµ¿¡ "Hall
of Shame(ºÎ²ô·¯¿òÀÇ Àü´ç)" ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀº À߸øµÈ ȣȯǰµéÀ»
ã¾Æ³»´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, DFI Ä«µåµéÀº 14¿Í 15 ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡ 0x57¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å, PROMÀÇ Ã³À½ 3¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡ `DFI'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
Problem: ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ºÎÆÃÁß¿¡ `8390...' À̳ª `WD....' ¸Þ¼¼Áö ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼
¸ØÃç¹ö¸°´Ù.
Solution: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ NE2000 ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 0x340 °°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¶ó. ¾Æ´Ï¸é,
``ether='' Àμö¿Í ÇÔ²² ``reserve=''Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡
µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ °Ë»ö¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ º¸È£ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Reason: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ NE2000 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°Àº ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÁÁÀº ȣȯǰÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â NE2000Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»ö¿¡µµ °É¸°´Ù. NE2000À»
´Ù¸¥ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»ö¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ªµµ·Ï ´ú ¾²ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹Ù²Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀº
ºÎÆÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Problem: ºÎÆýÿ¡ SCSI Ž»öµµÁß ¸ØÃç¹ö¸°´Ù.
Reason: À̰͵µ À§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í °°À¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°Å³ª,
¾Æ´Ï¸é reserve/ether ºÎÆà ÀμöµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸéµÈ´Ù.
Problem: ºÎÆýÿ¡ »ç¿îµå Ä«µå¸¦ ã´ÂµµÁß¿¡ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¸ØÃß¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù.
Reason: ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Á¶¿ëÇÑ SCSI Ž»öµµÁßÀ̹ǷÎ, À§ÀÇ
¹®Á¦¿Í °°´Ù.
Problem: NE2000 ÀÌ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ã¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù - ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù.
Solution: ±×°ÍÀÌ Ã£¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ¿øÀÎÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡
`¸¶¹ýÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥'Àº ¾ø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀ»
ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¸¸ °¡Áö°í »õ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î »õ Ä¿³Î·Î ºÎÆÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. lilo¸¦
½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±î¸ÔÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö µîµî..À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÌÀüÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÎÆõɼö
ÀÖ´Ù. (ºÎÆýÿ¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¸¸µç ½Ã°£/³¯Â¥¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¶ó.) ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡
¸ðµç°ÍÀ» ´Ù Çß´Ù.System.map ÈÀϾÈÀÇ ne_probe¿Í °°Àº À̸§µéÀ»
È®ÀÎÇؼ, »õ Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á¤¸»·Î ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó.
2) ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼ÁöµéÀ» ÁÖÀÇÇؼ »ìÆ캸¶ó. ±×°÷¿¡ `NE*000 probe at 0xNNN:
not found (¾î¼±¸ Àú¼±¸)' °°Àº ne2k °Ë»ö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö,
¾Æ´Ï¸é Á¶¿ëÇÏ°Ô ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. °Å±â¿¡´Â Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ
µÚ¿¡ ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ´Ù½Ãº¸·Á¸é dmesg|more¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª, ºÎÆÃµÈ ÈÄ
·Î±×ÀÎ ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®°¡ ³ª¿ÂµÚ¿¡ Shift-PgUpÀ» ´·¯¼ ȸéÀ» À§·Î ½ºÅ©·ÑÇØ
°¡¸ç º¸¸éµÈ´Ù.
3) ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡, cat /proc/ioports¸¦ Ä¡°í Ä«µå°¡ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â ÀÔÃâ·Â°ø°£
ÀüºÎ°¡ ºñ¾îÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ 0x300¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ne2k
µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â 0x300-0x31f ¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ±× ¹üÀ§³»¿¡ ÇÑ Æ÷Æ®¶óµµ µî·ÏÇß´Ù¸é, ±× ÁÖ¼ÒÀÇ °Ë»öÀº µÇÁö
¾Ê°í ´ÙÀ½ °Ë»ö ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡ °è¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ lp
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ 0x378¸¦ °®°Å³ª µÎ¹ø° IDE ä³ÎÀÌ 0x376¸¦ °¡Áö¹Ç·Î ne
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ 0x360-0x380¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
4) cat /proc/interrupts¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ À§¿Í °°ÀÌ Çغ¸¶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
Ä«µå°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®¿¡ Ȥ½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö
È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, °Ë»öÀº ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ¿øÇÏ´Â
IRQ ¶óÀÎÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸ç ºÎÆýÃÇØ Å©°Ô ºÒÆòÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
5) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ¸»¾ø´Â ½ÇÆп¡ ´çȲÇØÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ÆíÁýÇؼ °Ë»öÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸îÁÙÀÇ printk()¸¦ Ãß°¡Ç϶ó. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î,
ne2k¿¡¼´Â linux/drivers/net/ne.c¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î¸îÁÙ¿¡ Ãß°¡/»èÁ¦(`+'
³ª `-' ·Î Ç¥±â) ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
______________________________________________________________________
int reg0 = inb_p(ioaddr);
+ printk("NE2k probe - now checking %x\n",ioaddr);
- if (reg0 == 0xFF)
+ if (reg0 == 0xFF) {
+ printk("NE2k probe - got 0xFF (vacant I/O port)\n");
return ENODEV;
+ }
______________________________________________________________________
±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ°í³ª¸é °¢°¢ÀÇ Æ÷Æ® ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®ÀÎ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í,
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ °Ë»öµÇ´ÂÁö ¾ÈµÇ´ÂÁö º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
6) ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ DonÀÇ ftp »çÀÌÆ®(ÇÏ¿ìÅõ³»¿¡ Àß ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù)¿¡¼
ne2k Á¡°Ë µµ±¸¸¦ °¡Á®¿Í¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸®´ª½º·Î ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»¼ö
ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. `-p 0xNNN' ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ» °÷ÀÌ
¾îµðÀÎÁö ¸»ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î 0x300°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ ºÎÆýÃÀÇ
°Ë»ö°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»öÀº ÀÌ·ç¾î ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.) Ä«µå¸¦
ã¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
______________________________________________________________________
Checking the ethercard at 0x300.
Register 0x0d (0x30d) is 00
Passed initial NE2000 probe, value 00.
8390 registers: 0a 00 00 00 63 00 00 00 01 00 30 01 00 00 00 00
SA PROM 0: 00 00 00 00 c0 c0 b0 b0 05 05 65 65 05 05 20 20
SA PROM 0x10: 00 00 07 07 0d 0d 01 01 14 14 02 02 57 57 57 57
NE2000 found at 0x300, using start page 0x40 and end page 0x80.
______________________________________________________________________
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®Áö½ºÅÍ °ª°ú PROM °ªµéÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ °ÍÀº
16ºñÆ® Ä«µåÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ðµç PROM °ªµéÀº µÎ¹èÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÁÖ¼Ò
(00:00:c0:b0:05:65)´Â óÀ½ Çà¿¡, ±×¸®°í µÎ°³ÀÇ 0x57 »çÀÎÀº PROMÀÇ
¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
0x300¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ Ä«µå°¡ ¾øÀ»¶§ÀÇ °á°ú Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
______________________________________________________________________
Checking the ethercard at 0x300.
Register 0x0d (0x30d) is ff
Failed initial NE2000 probe, value ff.
8390 registers: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
SA PROM 0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
SA PROM 0x10: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
Invalid signature found, wordlength 2.
______________________________________________________________________
0xff °ªµéÀº ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â I/O Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÀÐÀ»¶§ ¹ÝȯµÇ´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ °Ë»öµÈ
¿µ¿ª ¾È¿¡ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, 0xff ¾Æ´Ñ °ªµéÀ» º¸°Ô µÉ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
7) Á¦°øµÇ´Â DOS µå¶óÀ̹ö³ª ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ³ ÈÄ¿¡ DOS ºÎÆ®
Ç÷ÎÇÇ¿¡¼ (loadlinÀ¸·Î) ¸®´ª½º·Î ¿úºÎÆÃÀ» Çغ¸¶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ä«µå¸¦
ÃʱâÈÇÏ´Â Á» ´Ù¸¥(Áï ºñÇ¥ÁØÀûÀÎ) "¸¶¹ý"ÀÌ´Ù.
8) Russ NelsonÀÇ ne2000.com ÆÐŶ µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ º¼¼ö
ÀÖ´ÂÁö Çغ¸¶ó -- ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ´Ï¸é, »óȲÀº º°·Î ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
A:> ne2000 0x60 10 0x300
ÀμöµéÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® º¤ÅÍ, Çϵå¿þ¾î IRQ, ±×¸®°í I/O ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ msdos ¾ÆÄ«À̺꿡¼³ª pktdrv11.zipÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù --
ÇöÀç ¹öÀüÀº ¾Æ¸¶ 11ÀÌ»óÀϲ¨´Ù.
3.5. SMC Ultra/EtherEZ ¿Í WD80*3 Ä«µåµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦
Problem: ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù:
eth0: bogus packet size: 65531, status=0xff, nxpg=0xff
Reason: ÀÌ°ÍÀº °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.
Solution: À̹®Á¦ÀÇ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀº ISA ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÀåÄ¡µé¾È¿¡ ¸ÅÇÎÀÌ
¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº PCI ¸Ó½Åµé ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Ä«µåÀÇ RAM ´ë½Å¿¡ PCÀÇ RAM(¸ðµÎ 0xff °ª)À» ³¡±îÁö Àд´Ù.
½±°Ô °íÄ¥¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µéÀº º¸µå Ãæµ¹, ij½¬¸¦ °¡Áö°Å³ª ±×
¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ `shadow ROM'À» °¡´ÉÇÒ°Ô Çϴ°Í, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ISA ¹ö½º°¡
8Mhzº¸´Ù »¡¸£°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. À̵鵵 ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå»óÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®
½ÇÆÐ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àºµ¥, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µåÁß¿¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é Á¡°Ë
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇغ¸¶ó.
Problem: SMC EtherEZ °¡ ºñ°øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® (PIO) ¸ðµå¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason: Ultra µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ ¹öÀüµéÀº Ä«µå°¡ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¸ðµå¿¡¼¸¸
ÀÛµ¿Çϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
Solution: Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü 2.0 ÀÌ»ó¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â programmed
I/O¸ðµå¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÛµ¿µµ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. v2.0 À̳ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇ϶ó.
Problem: ±¸Çü wd8003 °ú/¶Ç´Â Á¡ÆÛ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ wd8013°¡ Ç×»ó IRQ¸¦
À߸ø ¾ò´Â´Ù.
Reason: ±¸Çü wd8003 Ä«µåµé°ú Á¡ÆÛ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ wd8013 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ IRQ ¼³Á¤À» ÀоîµéÀÏ EEPROMÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡
IRQ¸¦ ÀоîµéÀϼö ¾øÀ¸¸é, ±×´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î IRQ¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ
ÀÚµ¿ IRQ°¡ ¿µÀ» ¹ÝȯÇϸé, µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡°Ô´Â IRQ 5¸¦, 16ºñÆ®
Ä«µå¿¡°Ô´Â IRQ 10À» ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù.
Solution: ÀÚµ¿ IRQ °Ë»ö Äڵ带 ÇÇÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸ðµâ ¼³Á¤
ÈÀÏ¿¡(¶Ç´Â Ä¿³Î³»ÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÏ °æ¿ì ºÎÆýÿ¡ Àμö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ)
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå Á¡ÆÛ°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â IRQ°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö Àû¾î¼ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ¾Ë·Á¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù.
Problem: SMC Ultra Ä«µå°¡ wd8013·Î ÀâÈ÷´Âµ¥, IRQ¿Í °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÁÖ¼Ò°¡
À߸øµÇ°Ô ÀâÈù´Ù.
Reason: Ultra Ä«µå´Â wd8013°ú ¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇØ º¸¿©¼, ¸¸ÀÏ Ultra
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, wd µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ultra¸¦ wd8013À¸·Î
À߸ø ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ultraÀÇ °Ë»öÀº wdÀÇ °Ë»öº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀúÇϰԵȴÙ. ±×·¡¼
ÀÌ·±ÀÏÀº º¸Åë ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ultra´Â wd8013°ú ´Þ¸® IRQ¿Í ¸Þ¸ð¸®
ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ EEPROM¿¡ ÀúÀåÇϹǷÎ, °¡Â¥ °ªµéÀÌ º¸°íµÈ´Ù.
Solution: ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¸¸À» Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ´ã¾Æ ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÀ»
ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÑ ¸Ó½Å¿¡ wd ¿Í ultra Ä«µå¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í,
¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ultra ¸ðµâÀ» ¸ÕÀú ·ÎµåÇ϶ó.
3.6. 3Com Ä«µåµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦
Problem: 3c503ÀÌ IRQ NÀ» °í¸£´Âµ¥, ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡µéµµ IRQ NÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÑ´Ù.
(eg. CD ROM µå¶óÀ̹ö, ¸ðµ©, µîµî.) Ä¿³Î¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÌ°ÍÀ»
°íÄ¥¼ö´Â ¾øÀ»±î?
Solution: 3c503 µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â {5, 9/2, 3, 4}ÀÇ ¼ø¼´ë·Î ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â IRQ¸¦
Ž»öÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº°ÍÀ» °í¸¥´Ù.µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â Ä«µå°¡
ifconfigµÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ»¶§ °í¸£°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº IRQ °ªÀ»
Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¸ðµâ ÀÎÀÚµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡¿¡¼´Â IRQ9¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í, ÁÖ¼Ò´Â 0x300,<¹«½ÃµÈ °ª>, ±×¸®°í if_port
#1(¿ÜºÎ ´ÜÀÚ:external transceiver)·Î Á¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
io=0x300 irq=9 xcvr=1
¶ÇÇÑ, ¸¸ÀÏ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ºÎÆýÿ¡ LILO¿¡
ÀÎÀÚµéÀ» ³Ñ°ÜÁÜÀ¸·ÎÇؼ °°Àº °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=9,0x300,0,1,eth0
´ÙÀ½¿¡¼´Â IRQ3À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í, ±â¹Ý ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Ž»öÇϸç, <¹«½ÃµÈ °ª>, ±×¸®°í
±âº» if_port #0 (³»ºÎ ´ÜÀÚ:internal transceiver)·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=3,0,0,0,eth0
Problem: 3c503: ¼³Á¤µÈ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® X °¡ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ÀÚµ¿ IRQ¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÓ.
Reason: 3c503 Ä«µå´Â ´ÜÁö IRQ{5, 2/9, 3, 4}Áß¿¡ Çϳª¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
(À̵éÀº Ä«µå¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ¼±ÀÏ»ÓÀÌ´Ù.) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À§¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ
°ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ IRQ °ªÀ» ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº À§¿Í°°Àº ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ°ÔµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
º¸Åë, 3c503¿¡´Â ƯÁ¤ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® °ªÀ» Á¤ÇØÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. 3c503Àº
ifconfg½Ã¿¡ ÀÚµ¿IRQ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ, {5, 2/9, 3, 4}ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¸¦ IRQ°ªÀ¸·Î
°®°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution: À§¿¡ ³ª¿µÈ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ IRQ°ªµéÁß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª, IRQ ÇàÀ»
ÀüÇô »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°í ÀÚµ¿IRQ¸¦ ¾µ¼öÀÖ°Ô Ç϶ó.
Problem: Á¦°øµÇ´Â 3c503 µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº AUI (thicknet) Æ÷Æ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ±âº» thinnet Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
Solution: 3c503 AUI Æ÷Æ®´Â Ä¿³Î³»Àå µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ºÎÆýÿ¡,
¸ðµâÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¸ðµâ »ðÀԽÿ¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¼±ÅÃÀº ÇöÀç »ç¿ëµÇÁö
¾Ê´Â dev->rmem_start º¯¼öÀÇ ³·Àº ºñÆ®¿¡ ¿À¹ö·ÎµåµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
Ä¿³Î¿¡ ³»ÀåµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ®½ÃÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=0,0,0,1,eth0
¸ðµâ·Î ÀûÀçÇÒ¶§ AUI Æ÷Æ®¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁÖ·Á¸é, ´ÜÁö xcvr=1¸¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ I/O ¿Í
IRQ °ª°ú ÇÔ²² ¸ðµâ ¿É¼Ç Çà¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. To specify the AUI port
when loading as a module, just append xcvr=1 to the module options
line along with your I/O and IRQ values.
3.7. ¾î¶² Ä«µå¿¡µµ ƯȵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº FAQµé.
3.7.1. ¸®´ª½º¿Í ISA Plug and Play ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â(±×¸®°í ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀ¸·Î) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä«µå¿¡ µþ·Á¿À´Â (º¸Åë DOS)ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇؼ PnP ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í, I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í IRQ¸¦ Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â I/O
ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ºÎÆ®½Ã¿¡ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Å½»öµÇ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµâÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é /etc/conf.modules¾È¿¡ io=¿¡ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Àû¾îÁØ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ
BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼ IRQ¸¦ PnP ´ë½Å¿¡ Legacy-ISA·Î ¼³Á¤Çؾß
ÇÑ´Ù(¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¸»ÀÌ´Ù).
¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¸Åë DOS±â¹ÝÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ DOS¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ
ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. Á¦°øµÇ´Â Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ¹Ù·Î ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ DOS ºÎÆÃ
µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇصµ µÇ°í, °øÂ¥ÀÎ OpenDOS ¿Í FreeDOS¸¦ ´Ù¿î¹Þ¾Æ ¾µ¼öµµ
ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿ÍÀÇ È£È¯À» À§ÇØ PnP°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é
ºÎÆö§¸¶´Ù ¸®´ª½º°¡ Ä«µå¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§Çؼ isapnptools ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦
»ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Ž»öÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Ä«µåÀÇ
I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁְųª io= ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3.7.2. ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ìÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ Ä«µå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦
³»ÀåÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµâ½Ä Ä¿³ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ¸ðµâÀÇ
ÀûÀç ¿äûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°Å³ª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¸ðµâ ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ÇÑ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁÖÁö
¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡¼ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ¸ðµâ ±â¹ÝÀÇ
Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±× ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ
Ä«µåÀÇ ¸ðµâÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ISA Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ¸¸ÀÏ ¼³Á¤
À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼°¡ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ °üÇØ ¹°¾îº»´Ù¸é, I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¤Çؼ ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î(¿¹¸¦
µé¾î io=0x340) Ãß°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¼³Á¤ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¸ðµâ À̸§(±×¸®°í ¿É¼Çµé)À» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù --
´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº man modprobe¸¦ º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡¼ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ¹Ì¸® ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í
ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¹®¼¸¦ º¸°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ Ä«µå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Áö¿øÀÌ µé¾îÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ¸¸¾à µé¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡
´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Ä¿³ÎÀ» ±¸Çϰųª, ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀ» ¸¸µé¸é µÈ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Àڽſ¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¸¸À» °¡Áö°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ»
¸¸µé¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³ÎÀÇ Å©±âµµ ÁÙ°í (ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ» À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Áß¿äÇÑ RAMÀ» Àý¾à!) ¹Î°¨ÇÑ Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ ¸Á°¡Æ®¸±¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ÀåÄ¡¿¡
´ëÇÑ Å½»öÀ» ÁÙÀϼö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº µé¸®´Â °Íó·³ ±×¸®
º¹ÀâÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡ ³×
¶Ç´Â ¾Æ´Ï¿À·Î ´ë´ä¸¸ ÇØÁÖ¸é, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¾Ë¾Æ¼ ÇÑ´Ù.
±× ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖµÈ ¿øÀÎÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â I/O °ø°£ÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ»
´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Ä«µåµéÀº 16 ¶Ç´Â 32
¹ÙÀÌÆ®ÀÇ I/O °ø°£À» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ 0x300 ¿¡ 32
¹ÙÀÌÆ®ÀÇ °ø°£À¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â 0x300-0x31f¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°Ô
µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ±× ¹üÀ§³»¿¡ ¾îµð¶óµµ µî·ÏÀÌ µÇ¾î
ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ±× ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½»öÀº ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ¾Æ¹«¸»¾øÀÌ
´ÙÀ½ Ž»ö ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡¼ Ž»öÀ» °è¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ºÎÆà ÈÄ¿¡,
cat /proc/ioports¸¦ Ãļ Ä«µå°¡ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â I/O ÁÖ¼Ò °ø°£ ¸ðµÎ°¡
ºñ¾îÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ Á¡ÆÛ·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î
Ž»öÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¢ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ Å½»öÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò ¸ñ·ÏÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö
¼Ò½º³»ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¹® ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼ ½±°Ô ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡
¼³Á¤µÈ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ, ºÎÆýÿ¡(Ä¿³Î¿¡ ³»ÀåµÈ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ
°æ¿ì) ether=¸í·ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀº ´ÙÀ½ Àå¼Ò¿¡
¼³¸í µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ``ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àμöµé ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ±â...'' ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ
°æ¿ì¿¡´Â /etc/conf.modules³»¿¡ io= ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Ž»öµÇÁö
¾Ê´Â ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3.7.3. ifconfig °¡ Ä«µå¿¡ ´ëÇØ À߸øµÈ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±× ³»¿ëÀ» À߸ø Çؼ®ÇÑ °ÍÀÏ»ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹ö±×°¡
¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¼ýÀÚµéÀº ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº óÀ½
Á¤ÇØÁø I/O Æ÷Æ®¿Í »óÃæµÇ´Â ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ 8390ĨÀ» °¡Áø ¸î¸î 8390 ±â¹ÝÀÇ
Ä«µåµé(wd80x3, smc-ultra, µîµî)ÇÑÅ×¼ ÀϾÙ. ÀÌ°ÍÀº
dev->base_addr¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ªÀ¸·Î, ifconfig·Î º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ Àüü ¹üÀ§¸¦ º¸·Á¸é, cat
/proc/ioports¸¦ Çغ¸¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±â´ëÇß´ø ¼ýÀÚµéÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3.7.4. PCI ¸Ó½ÅÀº Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾Æ³»Áö¸¸ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â Ž»ö¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ´Ù.
¸î¸î PCI BIOSµéÀº Àü¿øÀ» Ä×À»¶§ ¸ðµç PCI Ä«µåµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏÁö´Â
¾Ê´Âµ¥, ƯÈ÷ BIOS ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ `PNP OS'°¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù¸é ±×·¸´Ù.
ÀÌ À߸øµÈ ºÎºÐÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¸î¸î ¸®¾ó¸ðµå µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í
ÀÖ´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ À©µµ¿ì °è¿À» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» disable·Î
Çϰųª, »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ¼³Á¤µÈ Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°ÔÇÏ´Â Äڵ带 °¡Áø
»õ·Î¿î µå¶ó À̹ö·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
3.7.5. PCI ¸Ó½Å³»ÀÇ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ISA Ä«µåµéÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù ( 0xffff
)
ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¸Åë ¼ö¸¹Àº 0xffff °ªµéÀ» ÀоîµéÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀϾÙ. PCI
¸Ó½Å³»¿¡¼´Â °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® Ä«µåµéÀº ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ PCI ROM BIOS/CMOS
SETUP ¼³Á¤À» Á¦´ë·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ISA ¹ö½º¿¡¼ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®
Á¢±ÙÀ» Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö
ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ú´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷À̳ª Áö¿ªÀÇ °í¼öµé¿¡°Ô
¹°¾îº¸¶ó. AMI BIOSÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, º¸Åë "Plug and Play"ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ°í ±×¾È¿¡
``ISA Shared Memory Size" ¿Í ``ISA Shared Memory Base" ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
wd8013 À̳ª SMC Ultra¿Í °°Àº Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î
`Disabled'¶ó°í µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» 16kB·Î Å©±â¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾îÁÖ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐ Ä«µåÀÇ
°øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾îÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.
3.7.6. Ä«µå°¡ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ º¸³»´Â°Í °°Àºµ¥ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹ÞÁö¸¦ ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
cat /proc/interrupts Çغ¸¶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ »ý¼ºÇÑ ½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®
À̺¥Æ®ÀÇ ÃѼýÀÚ°¡ ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä«µå¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ¶§¿¡µµ 0À̰ųª ´õÀÌ»ó Áõ°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ÄÄÇ»Åͳ»¿¡
¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®°¡ Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù(´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ
µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¼³Ä¡/»ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ°¡´Â ¾Æ´Ñ°¡´Â ½Å°æ¾µ ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾ø´Ù). µÎ
ÀåÄ¡Áß¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ IRQ¸¦ ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¶ó.
3.7.7. ºñµ¿±â Àü¼Û ¸ðµå (ATM) Áö¿ø
Werner Almesberger ´Â ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ÀÇ ATM Áö¿øÀ» ÀÛ¾÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â
Efficient Networks ENI155p º¸µå(Efficient Networks
<http://www.efficient.com/>) ¿Í Zeitnet ZN1221 º¸µå (Zeitnet
<http://www.zeitnet.com/>) ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ ÀÛ¾÷ÁßÀÌ´Ù.
Werner ´Â ENI155p¿ë µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Á»´õ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í, ZN1221¿ë µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â
ÇöÀç ¿Ï·áµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ/°»½ÅµÈ ÀÚ·á´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ URLÀ» È®ÀÎÇغ¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
¸®´ª½º ATM Áö¿ø <http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/>
3.7.8. ±â°¡¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌ´õ³Ý Áö¿ø
¸®´ª½º¿¡ ±â°¡¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌ´õ³Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀÌ ÀÖ³ª?
ÀÖ´Ù, ÇöÀç Àû¾îµµ µÎ°³°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Packet Engines G-NIC PCI ±â°¡ºñÆ®
ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¾Æ´äÅÍ¿ë µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â v2.0°ú v2.2 Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ
ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ë°ú Áö¿ø, ±×¸®°í µå¶óÀ̹ö ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®´Â ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó.
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/yellowfin.html
v2.2 Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â acenic.c µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â Alteon AceNIC ±â°¡ºñÆ®
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿Í 3Com 3c985 °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ Tigon ±â¹Ý Ä«µåµé¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â NetGear GA620 ¿¡¼µµ ÀÛµ¿ÇØ¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ÆÁ÷
È®ÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
3.7.9. FDDI Áö¿ø
¸®´ª½º¿¡ FDDI Áö¿øÀÌ ÀÖ³ª?
ÀÖ´Ù. Larry StefaniÀº Digital's DEFEA (FDDI EISA)¿Í DEFPA (FDDI PCI)
Ä«µåµé·Î v2.0¿ë µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº v2.0.24 Ä¿³Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî
ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç ´Ù¸¥ Ä«µåµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀº ¾ø´Ù.
3.7.10. Full Duplex Áö¿ø
Full Duplex °¡ 20MBps¸¦ ³»´Â°¡? ¸®´ª½º°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Áö¿øÇϴ°¡?
Cameron Spitzer´Â full duplex 10Base-T Ä«µåµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
½è´Ù: ``¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ full duplex ½ºÀ§Ä¡ Çãºê¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£°ÚÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿ùµîÈ÷´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ç¹æÇâ ¿¬°áÀÌ
°è¼ÓµÇµµ·Ï ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. full duplex 10BASE-2 ³ª 10BASE-5 °°Àº °Í(thin °ú
thick coax)Àº ¾ø´Ù. Full Duplex´Â ¾Æ´äÅÍÀÇ Ãæµ¹ °ËÃâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô
¸¸µêÀ¸·Î ½á ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ µ¿Ãà ÄÉÀ̺í·Î ÇÒ¼ö¾ø´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù; LANÀº
±×±æ·Î´Â °¡Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 10BASE-T (RJ45 ´ÜÀÚ)´Â º¸³»°í ¹Þ±âÀ§ÇØ
ºÐ¸®µÈ ¼±µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾ç¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
½ºÀ§Äª Çãºê´Â Ãæµ¹ ¹®Á¦¸¦ »ìÇÉ´Ù. Àü¼Û·üÀº 10MbpsÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´ÜÁö 10Mbps·Î º¸³»°í
¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ°í, µÎ¹èÀÇ ¼º´É Çâ»óÀº ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ
Áö¿øµÇ´ÂÁö ¾ÈµÇ´ÂÁöºz Ä«µå¿Í »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ µå¶óÀÌ ¹ö¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î
Ä«µåµéÀº ÀÚµ¿Ã³¸®¸¦ Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í, ¸î¸îÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö Áö¿øÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇϸç, ¶Ç
¾î¶²°ÍµéÀº Ä«µåÀÇ EEPROM ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇØÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡
ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ½É°¢ÇÑ/ °ÆÁ¤¸¹Àº(serious/heavy) »ç¿ëÀڵ鸸ÀÌ µÎ ¸ðµå°£ÀÇ
Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ ½Å°æ¾µ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
3.7.11. SMP ¸Ó½Å»óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿©ºÐÀÇ µ·À» ´ÙÁß ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼(MP) ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ¾²·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×¸¸Å ÁÁÀº ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¾ßÇÑ´Ù. v2.0 Ä¿³Î¿¡¼´Â Á¤¸» À̾߱âÀÇ
´ë»óÀÌ µÇÁöµµ ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, v2.2¿¡¼´Â µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¶È¶ÈÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ
±¸ÇüÀÇ Ä«µåµé(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ISA ¹ö½º PIO ¿Í °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® µðÀÚÀÎ) Àº MP
¸Ó½Å»ó¿¡¼ »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶±Ýµµ °í·ÁÇÏÁö¾Ê°í ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. °á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î
¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¶È¶ÈÇÑ Çö´ëÀû µðÀÚÀÎÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ »ç°í MP ÀÛ¾÷À» ´Ù·ê¼ö ÀÖ°Ô
ÀÛ¼ºµÈ (¶Ç´Â °»½ÅµÈ) µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. (ÇÙ½ÉÀº `Çö´ëÀû
µðÀÚÀÎ'ÀÌ´Ù - PCI NE2000Àº Çö´ëÀûÀÎ ¹ö½º»óÀÇ Àû¾îµµ 10³âÀÌ»óµÈ ±¸
µðÀÚÀÎÀÌ´Ù.) µå¶óÀ̹ö ¼Ò½º³»ÀÇ spin_lock ¸¦ ãÀ¸¸é, ÀÌ´Â ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡
MP ÀÛ¾÷À» ´Ù·ê¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÀÛ¼ºµÈ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ MP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ ÁÁÀº Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â
(±×¸®°í ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ ´ÂÁö) ´ÙÀ½À» º¸±â
¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
Ä¿³Î v2.0 ¿¡¼´Â, `Ä¿³Î³»¿¡'(Áï, Ä¿³Î µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°í, ¶Ç´Â ÀåÄ¡
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϴµ¥) ¾ðÁ¦³ª ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ä«µåÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼´Â (±×¸®°í ¿¬°üµÈ µå ¶óÀ̹ö¿¡¼µµ) ´ÜÀÏ
ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ (UP) ÀÛ¾÷°ú´Â ÀÛµ¿ÀÌ °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù´Â °Í ¸»°í´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾ú
´Ù. (ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ MP¹öÀüÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ¼Õ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù -
ÀÏÁ¤ ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ÜÁö ÇÏ ³ªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ Àüü Ä¿³Î¿¡ Å« ¶ôÀ» °Éµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµµ ¾Ë´Ù½ÃÇÇ µ¿ ½Ã¿¡ °°Àº °ÍÀ» µÎ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡
º¯°æÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù
ƯÁ¤ ½Ã°£¿¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ´Â »óȲÇÏ¿¡¼, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °è»êÀ» ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ MP
¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ µð½ºÅ©³ª ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©
µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ÀÐ°í ¾²´Â ÀÏ °°Àº ÀÔ/Ãâ·Â(I/O)À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³Î³» ¿¡
½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ ÀÔÃâ·Â ¿äûÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ
À§ÇØ ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÔÃâ·Â ¿äûÀÌ
³¡³ª±â¸¸À» ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀÌ º´¸ñ ÀÌ µÇ¾î ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ
½ÇÇàÁß¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, single-lock ÀÎ, ÀÔÃâ·ÂÀÌ ¸¹Àº MP ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº
±Þ¼Óµµ·Î ´ÜÀÏ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ ¸Ó½Å¿¡ °¡±õ°Ô ¶³¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ý°¢Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù È®½ÇÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (ƯÈ÷, ÆÄÀÏ/WWW ¼¹ö,
¶ó¿ìÅÍ, µîµî) v2.2 Ä¿³Î¿¡¼´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº grained lockingÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù
- ÀÌ°ÍÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¶æÇÑ´Ù. Àüü Ä¿³Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ big lock ´ë½Å¿¡, Çϳª ÀÌ»ó ÀÇ
ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ º¹Á¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÛÀº
¶ôµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. - Áï ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µåÀÇ
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ µð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̺꿡
´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Okay, with that all in mind here are the snags: The finer locking
means that you can have one processor trying to send data out through
an ethernet driver while another processor tries to access the same
driver/card to do something else (such as get the card statistics for
cat /proc/net/dev). Oops - your card stats just got sent out over the
wire, while you got data for your stats instead. Yes, the card got
confused by being asked to do two (or more!) things at once, and
chances are it crashed your machine in the process.
±×·¡¼, UP¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ´õÀÌ»ó ÃæºÐÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù - À̵éÀº ¼³Á¤
µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ ¹Þ°í, Àü¼ÛÇÏ°í, º¹»çÇÏ´Â ¼¼°¡Áö ÀÛ¾÷µéÀ» Ä«µå°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ÀÛµ¿À»
ÇÒÁ¤µµ·Î Á÷·ÄÈµÈ Ä«µåÀÇ Á¢±ÙÁ¦¾î ¶ôµéÀ» °»½ÅÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. The scary
part here is that a driver not yet updated with locks for stable MP
operation will probably appear to be working in a MP machine under
light network load, but will crash the machine or at least exhibit
strange behaviour when two (or more!) processors try to do more than
one of these three tasks at the same time.
The updated MP aware ethernet driver will (at a minimum) require a
lock around the driver that limits access at the entry points from the
kernel into the driver to `one at a time please'. With this in place,
things will be serialized so that the underlying hardware should be
treated just as if it was being used in a UP machine, and so it should
be stable. The downside is that the one lock around the whole ethernet
driver has the same negative performance implications that having one
big lock around the whole kernel had (but on a smaller scale) - i.e.
you can only have one processor dealing with the card at a time.
[Technical Note: The performance impact may also include increased
interrupt latencies if the locks that need to be added are of the
irqsave type and they are held for a long time.]
Possible improvements on this situation can be made in two ways. You
can try to minimize the time between when the lock is taken and when
it is released, and/or you can implement finer grained locking within
the driver (e.g. a lock around the whole driver would be overkill if a
lock or two protecting against simultaneous access to a couple of
sensitive registers/settings on the card would suffice).
However, for older non-intelligent cards that were never designed with
MP use in mind, neither of these improvements may be feasible. Worse
yet is that the non-intelligent cards typically require the processor
to move the data between the card and the computer memory, so in a
worst case scenario the lock will be held the whole time that it takes
to move each 1.5kB data packet over an ISA bus.
The more modern intelligent cards typically move network data directly
to and from the computer memory without any help from a processor.
This is a big win, since the lock is then only held for the short time
it takes the processor to tell the card where in memory to get/store
the next network data packet. More modern card designs are less apt to
require a single big lock around the whole driver as well.
3.7.12. Alpha/AXP PCI º¸µåµé »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
v2.0¿¡¼´Â, ´ÜÁö 3c509, depca, de4x5, pcnet32, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç 8390
µå¶óÀ̹öµé(wd, smc-ultra, ne, 3c503, µîµî.)¸¸ÀÌ DEC Alpha CPU ±â¹Ý
½Ã½ºÅÛµé»ó¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î `¾ÆÅ°ÅØó µ¶¸³Àû'À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù.
DonaldÀÇ WWW ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼µµ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´Ù¸¥ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÈ
PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀº º¹ÀâÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
´ÜÁö ´ÙÀ½À» µû¶ó ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
-multiply all jiffies related values by HZ/100 to account for the
different HZ value that the Alpha uses. (i.e timeout=2; becomes
timeout=2*HZ/100;)
-replace any I/O memory (640k to 1MB) pointer dereferences with the
appropriate readb() writeb() readl() writel() calls, as shown in this
example.
______________________________________________________________________
- int *mem_base = (int *)dev->mem_start;
- mem_base[0] = 0xba5eba5e;
+ unsigned long mem_base = dev->mem_start;
+ writel(0xba5eba5e, mem_base);
______________________________________________________________________
-replace all memcpy() calls that have I/O memory as source or target
destinations with the appropriate one of memcpy_fromio() or
memcpy_toio().
Details on handling memory accesses in an architecture independent
fashion are documented in the file linux/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt
that comes with recent kernels.
3.7.13. SUN/Sparc Çϵå¿þ¾î »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
½ºÆÅ »óÀÇ ¸ðµç ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Linux Sparc <http://www.geog.ubc.ca/sparc>
¾Ë¾ÆµÖ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¸î¸î ½ºÆÅ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Çϵå¿þ¾î´Â È£½ºÆ® ÄÄÇ»ÅͷκÎÅÍ MAC
ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Á®¿À¹Ç·Î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °°Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ MAC
ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »ó¿¡ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ
ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ³õ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ifconfig¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÑ MAC ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇϱâ À§ÇØ
hw ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.
PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ½ºÆÅ Ç÷§Æû¿¡ Æ÷ÆÃÇϴµ¥ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ AXP
Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í °°´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©±â¿¡´Â ½ºÆÅÀÌ ºò ¿£µð¾ÈÀ», ±×¸®°í AXP¿Í
ix86ÀÌ ¸®Æ² ¿£µð¾ÈÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ ¿£µð¾È¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦µµ ÀÖ´Ù.
3.7.14. ´Ù¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î»óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
¿©±â¿¡´Â ¸®´ª½º°¡ ½ÇÇàµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, Atari/Amiga (m68k) °°Àº ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥
Çϵå¿þ¾î Ç÷§ÆûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. SparcÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¢ ¸®´ª½º Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ È¨ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡
°¡´Â°ÍÀÌ ±× Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼ ÇöÀç Áö¿øµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº
¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. (±×·± »çÀÌÆ®µéÀ̶ó¸é ¸µÅ©¸¦ ȯ¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù - ¿©±â·Î º¸³»ÁÖ
¼¼¿ä!)
3.7.15. Çãºê¾øÀÌ 10 ¶Ç´Â 100 BaseT ¿¬°áÇϱâ
Çãºê¾øÀÌ 10/100BaseT (RJ45) ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀ» ÇÔ²² ¿¬°áÇÒ¼ö Àִ°¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀº 2 ¸Ó½ÅÀº ½±°Ô ÀÌÀ»¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±× ÀÌ»óÀº º°µµÀÇ
Àåºñµé/±âÁî¸ðµé(¿µÈ '±×·½¸°'¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â µ¿¹°À̸§ÀÎ°Í °°³×¿ä:¿ªÀÚÁÖ)ÀÌ
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó. ``Twisted Pair'' -- ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ¾î¶»°Ô Çؾß
ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸î°³ÀÇ ¼±°ú ÀåºñµéÀ» ±³Â÷ÇØ°¡¸ç
ÇÔ²² Çãºê¿¡ ¹°¸±¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. Çãºê¿¡¼ º¹Á¦µÊ ¾øÀÌ Ãæµ¹ ½ÅÈ£¸¦
º¸Á¤Çϴ°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
3.7.16. SIOCSIFxxx: No such device
³ª´Â ºÎÆýÿ¡ `SIOCSIFxxx: No such device' ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
`SIOCADDRT: Network is unreachable'À̶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¿¡ ÀÌ¾î¼ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
¹¹°¡ À߸øµÈ°Ç°¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡°¡ ºÎÆ®/¸ðµâ »ðÀԽÿ¡ Ž»öµÇÁö ¾Ê°í, ifconfig¿Í
route¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé, ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ÀåÄ¡°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. dmesg | more¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ
ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ »ìÆ캸°í ÀÌ´õ³ÝÄ«µå Ž»ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ¾ø´ÂÁö
º¸¶ó.
3.7.17. SIOCSFFLAGS: Try again
`ifconfig'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏÀÚ `SIOCSFFLAGS: Try again' À̶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù
-- Çê?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â IRQ¸¦ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ °¡Á®¼,
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ±× IRQ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸î¸î ÀåÄ¡µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ
IRQ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ¶§ Àâ¾Ò´Ù°¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ³¡³ª¸é Ç®¾îÁֹǷÎ, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇÒ´çÇϱâ
À§ÇØ ¸®ºÎÆÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é ¸î¸î »ç¿îµå Ä«µå, ½Ã¸®¾ó Æ÷Æ®,
Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö, µîµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cat /proc/interrupts
¶ó°í Ãļ ¾î´À ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®°¡ ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÁßÀΰ¡¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº `ifconfig'¸¦ ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ¿·ÈÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸
IRQ¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ IRQ ¶óÀÎÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ `³õ°í
°¡°Ô'ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ifconfig·Î `´Ù½Ã ½ÃµµÇÒ'¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3.7.18. `ifconfig'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ 00:00:00:00:00:00 °ªÀÇ HW-addr·Î UNSPEC
¿¬°á
¾Æ¹«·± Àμö¾øÀÌ ifconfig¸¦ Çϸé, LINK°¡ UNSPEC (10Mbs ÀÌ´õ³Ý ´ë½Å)ÀÌ°í
³» Çϵå¿þ¾î ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¸ðµÎ ¿µÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüº¸´Ù ³ôÀº »õ ¹öÀüÀÇ `ifconfig'
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀϾÙ. ÀÌ »õ¹öÀüÀÇ ifconfig´Â ±¸Çü
Ä¿³Î°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼Ó¼ºµéÀ» º¸°íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Ä¿³Îµµ
¾÷±×·¹À̵å Çϰųª, ifconfig¸¦ `´Ù¿î±×·¹À̵å'Çϰųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é °£´ÜÈ÷
¹«½ÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î,
ifconfig°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÐÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í Çؼ Á¤¸»·Î ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀº
¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ifconfig ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â
Ä¿³Îº¸´Ù ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹ÀÌ ±¸ÇüÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾û¶×ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò¾î³¾¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
3.7.19. ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ RX ¿Í TX ¿¡·¯µé
¾Æ¹«·± Àμöµé¾øÀÌ ifconfig¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé, º¸³»°í ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶ ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ¾öû³
¾çÀÇ ¿¡·¯¼ýÀÚ°¡ Àִ°ÍÀ» º»´Ù. ¸ðµÎ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â °Í °°Àºµ¥ --
¹«¾ùÀÌ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀΰ¡?
´Ù½Ã Àß º¸¶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº RX packets big number PAUSE errors 0 PAUSE
dropped 0 PAUSE overrun 0 ÀÌ´Ù. TX ¿ÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ º» Å« ¼ýÀÚµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶÀÇ ÃÑ ¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
¾ÆÁ÷µµ È¥¶õ½º·´´Ù¸é, ´ë½Å¿¡ cat /proc/net/dev¶ó°í Ã帶ó.
3.7.20. /dev/ ³»ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ³»¿ë¹°µé
³ª´Â /dev/eth0°¡ /dev/xxx¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀΰ¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µéÀº°Í°ú´Â ´Þ¸®, /dev/* ³»ÀÇ ÆÄÀϵéÀº »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº /dev/wd0, /dev/ne0¿Í °°Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ³»¿ëµéµµ Áö¿ï¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3.7.21. ¸®´ª½º¿Í ``trailers''
`ifconfig'`¸¦ ³» ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ¶§ Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô
ÇÒ¼ö´Â ¾ø³ª?
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
`Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯'´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ· ·¹À̾¼ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ º¹»ç¸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â `H' Å©±âÀÇ ÀÛÀº °íÁ¤ Å©±â Çì´õ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ
°ÍÀ¸·Î, ÆÐŶÀÇ ³¡¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ Çì´õ Á¤º¸¸¦ ³Ö°í, ÆäÀÌÁö°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ
Àü¿¡ ¸ðµç ÆÐŶÀÇ `H' ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌÁö¸¸,
½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°ÍÀ¸·Î µå·¯³µ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´©±º°¡°¡ `-Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯'ÀÇ
»ç¿ëÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼ö¿°¼ÒÀÇ ÇÇÀÇ Èñ»ý°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥ ¾Æ¹«·± µµ¿òµµ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇϳª, ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ½º½º·Î
¹®Á¦°¡ °íÃÄÁø´Ù¸é ±× ´©±º°¡´Â ±íÀº ¸¶¹ý°°Àº Áö½ÄÀ» ¾Ë¸±¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3.7.22. Àú¼öÁØ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ
¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ TCP/IP³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àú¼öÁØ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡¿¡
Á¢±ÙÇÏ·Á¸é ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß Çϳª?
______________________________________________________________________
int s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_PACKET,htons(ETH_P_ALL));
______________________________________________________________________
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¼ÒÄÏÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
recvfrom()¸¦ È£ÃâÇϸé sa_family³»ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ ŸÀÔ°ú sa_data ¹è¿³»ÀÇ
ÀåÄ¡À̸§À¸·Î sockaddr¸¦ ä¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ´©°¡ ¸®´ª½º¿ë SOCK_PACKETÀ»
óÀ½ °³¹ßÇß´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸ Á¤¸» ´ë´ÜÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº sendto()¸¦
È£ÃâÇؼ °¡°øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íµéµµ º¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ·çÆ®±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
4. ¼º´É ÆÁµé
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ³·Àº ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ãâ·ÂÀ̳ª Á»´õ ºü¸¥ ftp Àü¼Û¼Óµµ¸¦
¾ò°íÀÚÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿©±â¿¡ ¸î°¡Áö ÆÁµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
ttcp.c ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Àü¼Û¼Óµµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ÁÁ´Ù. ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº
ftp> get large_file /dev/null¸¦ Ä¡°í Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ¹öÆÛ Ä³½¬¸¦ º¸´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ large_file´Â 1MBº¸´Ù Å« ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ( `get'Àº
Àû¾îµµ µÎ¹øÀº ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ù¹ø° ½Ãµµ¶§ º¸³»´Â ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ¹öÆÛij½¬¿¡
ÀûÀç°¡ µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§ µð½ºÅ© ¿¡¼ ÆÄÀÏ·Î Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â
¼Óµµ¿¡´Â °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¹öÆÛ Ä³½¬ ¾È¿¡ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ
À̶§¹®¿¡ µé¾î¿À´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ /dev/null·Î º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
4.1. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °³³äµé
8 ºñÆ® Ä«µåÁ¶Â÷µµ ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦¾øÀÌ ÆÐŶÀ» back-to-backÀ¸·Î º¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¹®Á¦´Â Ä«µå°¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÆÐŶÀÌ µé¾î¿Ã¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÃæºÐÇÑ °ø°£À» ºü¸£°Ô ¸¸µé¼ö
¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀ» ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¸øÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ
ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ Ä«µåÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®³»¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀ» »¡¸® ºñ¿ìÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é,
Ä«µå´Â »õ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ Ä«µå´Â »õ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹ö¸®°Å³ª, ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶÀÇ ¸Ç À§¿¡¼
µ¤¾î¾²°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾î´À °ÍÀ̵ç ÀçÀü¼ÛÀ» ¾ß±â/¿ä±¸ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÎµå·¯¿î Àü¼Û
È帧À» ¹æÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ½É°¢ÇÑ ¼º´É ÀúÇϸ¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù!
´õ ¸¹Àº ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ³»ÀåÇÑ Ä«µåµéÀº ´õ ¸¹Àº ÆÐŶµéÀ» ``ÀúÀå''ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í,
ÆÐŶÀ» ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ back-to-back ÆÐŶ È帧À» Á¦¾îÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã¸»Çϸé, Ä«µå°¡ ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê±âÀ§ÇØ ¹öÆÛ³»ÀÇ ÆÐŶµéÀ»
¹Ð¾î³»µµ·Ï ¿äûÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº 8kBÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ 16ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº
16kBÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °®´Â ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ¹öÆÛ·Î 3kB¸¦
³²°ÜµÎ¸ç(µÎ°³ÀÇ Àü¼Û ¹öÆÛ), 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦ À§Çؼ ´ÜÁö 5kB¸¦ ³²°Ü³õ´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ °ø°£Àº ´ÜÁö Ç® »çÀÌÁîÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶ ¼¼°³(1500 bytes) Á¤µµÀÇ °ø°£ÀÏ
»ÓÀÌ´Ù.
4.2. ISA Ä«µåµé°ú ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ
À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ÆÐŶµéÀÌ Ä«µå¿¡¼ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£°Ô ¾ø¾îÁö¸é, ¼ö½Å
ÆÐŶ ¹öÆÛ ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ À۾Ƶµ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹ö¸®°Å³ª ³ÑÃĹö¸®´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀϾÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. Ä«µå¿¡¼ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®·Î ÆÐŶÀ» À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ºñÀ²Àº µÎ °³°¡
¸¸³ª´Â ºÎºÐ - ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ISA ¹ö½º ¼ÓµµÀÌ´Ù - ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ ¼Óµµ¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù.
(¸¸ÀÏ CPU°¡ 386sx-16À̶óµµ, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù)
±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ISA ¹ö½º Ŭ·°Àº ¾à 8MHzÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ¸ÞÀκ¸µå¿Í ÁÖº¯±â±âµéÀº
´õ ³ôÀº ÁÖÆļö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ISA ¹ö½º Ŭ·° ÁÖÆļö´Â º¸Åë
¸ÞÀκ¸µå/CPU Ŭ·° ÁÖÆļö¸¦ ³ª´« °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡¼
Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î ISA ¿Í PCI/ISA ¸ÞÀκ¸µå´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö
¾Ê¾Æ¼ ÃâÇϽà ±âº»°ªÀ¸·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 8ºñÆ® WD8003EP Ä«µå°¡ ²ÅÈù, 40MHz 486¿¡¼ TTCP ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î
ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼·Î´Ù¸¥ ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ°¡ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
______________________________________________________________________
ISA Bus Speed (MHz) Rx TTCP (kB/s)
------------------- --------------
6.7 740
13.4 970
20.0 1030
26.7 1075
______________________________________________________________________
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ 10Mb/s ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå·Îµµ, TCP/IP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ
1075kB/sÀÌ»óÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¸ðµç ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ºü¸¥
ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ°¡ ³ª¿Ã°Å¶ó°í´Â ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â
13MHzÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼Óµµ¿¡¼ Á¦´ë·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (¶ÇÇÑ, ¸î¸î PCI ½Ã½ºÅÛ
¿¡¼´Â ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ 8MHz·Î °íÁ¤½ÃÄÑ ³õ¾Æ¼, »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ¼Óµµ¸¦
¿Ã¸®Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
¶ÇÇÑ ´õ¿í ºü¸¥ Àü¼Û ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é, CPU Á¡À¯À²À» ³·Ãß¾î¼ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿Í
I/O »çÀÌŬ¿¡ Á»´õ ªÀº Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» °®°Ô ÇϸéµÈ´Ù. (ISA ¹ö½º»óÀÇ Çϵå
µð½ºÅ©¿Í ºñµð¿À Ä«µåµµ ¶ÇÇÑ Çâ»óµÈ ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ ´öºÐ¿¡ ¼º´ÉÀÌ
¿Ã¶ó°¡´Â °ÍÀ» °æÇèÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
8MHz°¡ ³Ñ´Â ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇϱ⿡ ¾Õ¼¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¹é¾÷ÇØ
µÎ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸° ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¸ðµç ISA ÁÖº¯±â±âµéÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î
ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö ½ÃÇèÇغ¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
4.3. TCP ¼ö½Å À©µµ¿ìÀÇ ¼³Á¤
´Ù½ÃÇѹø ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ RAMÀ» °¡Áø Ä«µå¿Í ´À¸° µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼Û·Î¸¦
°¡Áø Ä«µå¿Í ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¸Þ¸ð¸® »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. TCP ¼ö½Å À©µµ¿ì
¼³Á¤ÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀº 32kBÀε¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ»óÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Àß
¹Þ¾ÆÁ³´ÂÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö º¸±âÀ§ÇØ ¸ØÃß´Â°Í ¾øÀÌ 32kÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ´ýÇÁÇÒ¼ö
Àִ°Ͱ°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÏ ¼ºê³ÝÀÇ ºü¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼µµ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ route ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÌ À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë ¶ó¿ìÅͳª °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌµé µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͵éÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï
`¹öÆÛ¸µÀ» Çϱâ' ¶§¹®¿¡, ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼ ÀÌ À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±â´Â ÀÛ¾ÆÁ®¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¿ë¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
______________________________________________________________________
route add <whatever> ... window <win_size>
______________________________________________________________________
¿©±â¼ win_size ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÏ´Â À©µµ¿ìÀÇ
Å©±âÀÌ´Ù.(¹ÙÀÌÆ®·Î) 8MHz³ª ±× ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â ISA ¹ö½º»óÀÇ
8ºñÆ® 3c503 Ä«µå´Â 4kBÀÇ À©µµ¿ì Å©±â¿¡µµ Àß µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ³Ê¹« Å« À©µµ¿ì´Â
ÆÐŶ ¼Õ½ÇÀ̳ª ³ÑħÀ» ¾ß±â½ÃÅ°°í, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àü¼Û·®ÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ °¨¼Ò¸¦
°¡Á®¿Â´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ cat /proc/net/dev¶ó°í Ãļ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ »óŸ¦
È®ÀÎÇغ¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀº ¼Õ½ÇµÇ°Å³ª ³ÑÄ£ »óÅ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß´ÂÁö º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
4.4. NFS ¼º´É ¿Ã¸®±â
¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀº NFS Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡¼ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é¼ 8kB (Sun
°íÀ¯ÀÇ) NFS ÆÐŶ Å©±â¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ¶§, ±â´ëÇß´ø ¼º´Éº¸´Ù ´õ ³ª»Û°ÍÀ»
¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀº 8ºñÆ®¿Í 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ ¹öÆÛ Å©±âÀÇ
Â÷ÀÌÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶÀÇ ÃÖ´ë Å©±â´Â 1500 ¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌ´Ù. 8kBÀÇ NFS ÆÐŶÀº
´ë·« ÃÖ´ëÅ©±âÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶ 6°³¿Í °°´Ù. 8ºñÆ®¿Í 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå°¡ ÆÐŶÀ»
¼ö½ÅÇÒ ¶§´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ Ä«µåÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¿¡ ¼ ÆÐŶÀ»
Á¦½Ã°£¿¡ Á¦°ÅÇÏÁö ¸øÇؼ, ¹öÆÛ°¡ ³ÑÄ¥¶§ ÀϾÙ. »ç½Ç Àü¼Û·®´ç Á¤·®
ÀÌ»óÀÇ ISA ¹ö½º »çÀÌŬÀ» °¡Áø 8ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº ¾î´À°Í¿¡µµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÒ¼ö Àִ°ÍÀº 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø °æ¿ì NFS Àü¼Û ÆÐŶ
Å©±â¸¦ 2kB(¶Ç´Â 1kB)·Î ¼³Á¤Çϰųª, Ä«µå°¡ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ ´õ¿í »¡¸® ºñ¿ì°Ô Çϱâ
À§Çؼ ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â 8MHz¿¡¼ ±¸Çü WD8003E
Ä«µå°¡ (´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÇÏ ¾øÀÌ) 2kB NFS Å©±â¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, 4kB´Â
¼¼°¡Áö »ç½Ç¶§¹®¿¡ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ³·¾ÆÁüÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ±âº» Å©±â ¿É¼ÇÀ» 1kB Å©±â·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Àû¾îµµ
16ºñÆ® ISA Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº 4kB ( ¶Ç´Â 8kB±îÁö) Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
5. ƯÁ¤ ÆǸÅÀÚ/Á¦Á¶¾÷ü/¸ðµ¨º° Á¤º¸
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï¿¡¼´Â ÆǸÅÀÚ À̸§°ú Á¦Ç°¸íÀ» ¾ËÆĺª ¼ø¼·Î ¼ö¸¹Àº Ä«µåµéÀ»
³ª¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¢ Á¦Ç° ID ¿·¿¡´Â `Áö¿ø', `ºÎºÐÁö¿ø', 'Áö¿ø¾ÈµÊ'À»
º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Áö¿øµÈ´Ù´Â Àǹ̴ ±× Ä«µåÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
¹®Á¦¾øÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸Å¿ì ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
ºÎºÐÁö¿øÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼³¸í°¡¿îµ¥ Àû¾îµµ
ÇÑ°¡Áö ÀÌ»ó ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (1) µå¶óÀ̹ö ±×¸®°í/¶Ç´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡
¹ö±×°¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ³·Àº ¼º´ÉÀ̳ª, Á¢¼Ó ½ÇÆÐ ¶Ç´Â Å©·¡½¬µµ ¹ß»ýÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(2) µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ̰ųª Ä«µå°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡
´ëÇÑ »ç¿ë/Å×½ºÆ®°¡ ¸Å¿ì Àû¾î µå¶óÀ̹ö Á¦ÀÛÀÚ°¡ Çǵå¹éÀ» º°·Î ¹ÞÁö
¸øÇß´Ù. ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô (2)ÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ (1)ÀÎ °æ¿ìº¸´Ù ³´°í, ±× Ä«µå/µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡
´ëÇÑ °³º°ÀûÀÎ ¼³¸í¿¡¼ ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µÎ°¡Áö °æ¿ì
¸ðµÎ, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº make config½Ã¿¡ ``Prompt for development and/or
incomplete code/drivers?''ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ `Y'¶ó°í ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Áö¿ø¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÇöÀç ±× Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±¸Çϱâ Èûµé°Å³ª Æò¹üÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
°ü½ÉÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çϰųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÆǸÅÀÚµéÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ
Çϵå¿þ¾î ¹®¼¸¦ ¹èÆ÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
`Áö¿ø'°ú `ºÎºÐÁö¿ø'ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ´Ù¼Ò ÁÖ°üÀûÀ̸ç, ´º½º ±×·ì °Ô½ÃÆÇ°ú
¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ® ¸Þ¼¼ÁöµéÀ» ÅëÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ Çǵå¹éÀ» Á¶»çÇÑ°Í¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ °ÍÀÓÀ»
¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó. (ÇÑ»ç¶÷ÀÌ °¢ Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü¿¡¼ ¸ðµç Ä«µåµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ¸ðµç
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ Å×½ºÆ®ÇѴٴ°ÍÀº Àý´ë·Î ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù!!!) ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ä«µå
¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ºÎºÐÁö¿øÀ̶ó°í µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô
µ¿ÀÛÇѴٰųª(Á¤¸» ÁÁ±º), ¶Ç´Â Áö¿øÀ̶ó°í ÀûÈù Ä«µå°¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ» (±×¸® ÁÁÁö ¸øÇϱº) ¹ß°ßÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
status ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â, ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§ÀÌ ³ª¿µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ /etc/conf.modules ¸ðµâ ¼³Á¤ ÈÀϳ»ÀÇ alias eth0
driver_name ÇàÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâÀÇ À̸§À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.
5.1. 3Com
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Ä«µå°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö Àß ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ¾Æ¸¶ 3Com
Ä«µåÀϲ¨¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¾î¼Àºí¸® ³Ñ¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³¾¼ö
ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 3Com¿¡´Â °¡Àå ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë¼ö ÀÖ´Â `¾î¼Àºí¸® ³Ñ¹ö·Î 3Com
¾Æ´äÅÍ ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â(Identifying 3Com Adapters By Assembly Number)' (ref
24500002)¶ó´Â ¹®¼°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 3Com ¹®¼¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾ò´ÂÁö´Â ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó.
``Technical Information from 3Com''
¶ÇÇÑ 3ComÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¦Ç°µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ FTP »çÀÌÆ®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ftp.3Com.com¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À̹®¼¸¦ WWW ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î º¸°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, 3ComÀÇ WWW »çÀÌÆ®µµ º¼¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù.
5.1.1. 3c501
Status: ºÎºÐÁö¿ø, µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§: 3c501
ÀÌ ±¸¼®±â ½Ã´ëÀÇ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå´Â »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ³Ê¹« ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¾ÆÇÃÁ¤µµ´Ù.
Àü¿°º´À» ÇÇÇϴ°Íó·³ ÇÇÇ϶ó. ³ó´ãÀ¸·Î¶óµµ ÀÌ Ä«µå¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº ²ûÂïÇÏ°í, ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.
For those not yet convinced, the 3c501 can only do one thing at a time
-- while you are removing one packet from the single-packet buffer it
cannot receive another packet, nor can it receive a packet while
loading a transmit packet. This was fine for a network between two
8088-based computers where processing each packet and replying took
10's of msecs, but modern networks send back-to-back packets for
almost every transaction.
AutoIRQ works, DMA isn't used, the autoprobe only looks at 0x280 and
0x300, and the debug level is set with the third boot-time argument.
Once again, the use of a 3c501 is strongly discouraged! Even more so
with a IP multicast kernel, as you will grind to a halt while
listening to all multicast packets. See the comments at the top of the
source code for more details.
5.1.2. EtherLink II, 3c503, 3c503/16
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c503 (+8390)
The 3c503 does not have ``EEPROM setup'', so a diagnostic/setup
program isn't needed before running the card with Linux. The shared
memory address of the 3c503 is set using jumpers that are shared with
the boot PROM address. This is confusing to people familiar with other
ISA cards, where you always leave the jumper set to ``disable'' unless
you have a boot PROM.
These cards should be about the same speed as the same bus width
WD80x3, but turn out to be actually a bit slower. These shared-memory
ethercards also have a programmed I/O mode that doesn't use the 8390
facilities (their engineers found too many bugs!) The Linux 3c503
driver can also work with the 3c503 in programmed-I/O mode, but this
is slower and less reliable than shared memory mode. Also, programmed-
I/O mode is not as well tested when updating the drivers. You
shouldn't use the programmed-I/O mode unless you need it for MS-DOS
compatibility.
The 3c503's IRQ line is set in software, with no hints from an EEPROM.
Unlike the MS-DOS drivers, the Linux driver has capability to autoIRQ:
it uses the first available IRQ line in {5,2/9,3,4}, selected each
time the card is ifconfig'ed. (Older driver versions selected the IRQ
at boot time.) The ioctl() call in `ifconfig' will return EAGAIN if no
IRQ line is available at that time.
Some common problems that people have with the 503 are discussed in
``Problems with...''.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
Note that some old diskless 386 workstations have an on board 3c503
(made by 3Com and sold under different names, like `Bull') but the
vendor ID is not a 3Com ID and so it won't be detected. More details
can be found in the Etherboot package, which you will need anyways to
boot these diskless boxes.
5.1.3. Etherlink Plus 3c505
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c505
This is a driver that was written by Craig Southeren
geoffw@extro.ucc.su.oz.au. These cards also use the i82586 chip.
There are not that many of these cards about. It is included in the
standard kernel, but it is classed as an alpha driver. See ``Alpha
Drivers'' for important information on using alpha-test ethernet
drivers with Linux.
There is also the file /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/README.3c505 that
you should read if you are going to use one of these cards. It
contains various options that you can enable/disable.
5.1.4. Etherlink-16 3c507
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c507
This card uses one of the Intel chips, and the development of the
driver is closely related to the development of the Intel Ether
Express driver. The driver is included in the standard kernel
release, but as an alpha driver. See ``Alpha Drivers'' for important
information on using alpha-test ethernet drivers with Linux.
5.1.5. Etherlink III, 3c509 / 3c509B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This card is fairly inexpensive and has good performance for an ISA
non-bus-master design. The drawbacks are that the original 3c509
requires very low interrupt latency. The 3c509B shouldn't suffer from
the same problem, due to having a larger buffer. (See below.) These
cards use PIO transfers, similar to a ne2000 card, and so a shared
memory card such as a wd8013 will be more efficient in comparison.
The original 3c509 has a small packet buffer (4kB total, 2kB Rx, 2kB
Tx), causing the driver to occasionally drop a packet if interrupts
are masked for too long. To minimize this problem, you can try
unmasking interrupts during IDE disk transfers (see man hdparm) and/or
increasing your ISA bus speed so IDE transfers finish sooner.
The newer model 3c509B has 8kB on board, and the buffer can be split
4/4, 5/3 or 6/2 for Rx/Tx. This setting is changed with the DOS
configuration utility, and is stored on the EEPROM. This should
alleviate the above problem with the original 3c509.
3c509B users should use either the supplied DOS utility to disable the
plug and play support, and to set the output media to what they
require. The linux driver currently does not support the Autodetect
media setting, so you have to select 10Base-T or 10Base-2 or AUI.
Note that to turn off PnP entirely, you should do a 3C5X9CFG
/PNP:DISABLE and then follow that with a hard reset to ensure that it
takes effect.
Some people ask about the ``Server or Workstation'' and ``Highest
Modem Speed'' settings presented in the DOS configuration utility.
Donald writes ``These are only hints to the drivers, and the Linux
driver does not use these parameters: it always optimizes for high
throughput rather than low latency (`Server'). Low latency was
critically important for old, non-windowed, IPX throughput. To reduce
the latency the MS-DOS driver for the 3c509 disables interrupts for
some operations, blocking serial port interrupts. Thus the need for
the `modem speed' setting. The Linux driver avoids the need to
disable interrupts for long periods by operating only on whole packets
e.g. by not starting to transmit a packet until it is completely
transferred to the card.''
Note that the ISA card detection uses a different method than most
cards. Basically, you ask the cards to respond by sending data to an
ID_PORT (port 0x100 to 0x1ff on intervals of 0x10). This detection
method means that a particular card will always get detected first in
a multiple ISA 3c509 configuration. The card with the lowest hardware
ethernet address will always end up being eth0. This shouldn't matter
to anyone, except for those people who want to assign a 6 byte
hardware address to a particular interface. If you have multiple
3c509 cards, it is best to append ether=0,0,ethN commands without the
I/O port specified (i.e. use I/O=zero) and allow the probe to sort out
which card is first. Using a non-zero I/O value will ensure that it
does not detect all your cards, so don't do it.
If this really bothers you, have a look at Donald's latest driver, as
you may be able to use a 0x3c509 value in the unused mem address
fields to order the detection to suit your needs.
5.1.6. 3c515
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c515
This is 3Com's ISA 100Mbps offering, codenamed ``CorkScrew''. A
relatively new driver from Donald for these cards is included in the
v2.2 kernels. For the most up to date information, you should
probably look on the Vortex page:
Vortex <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html>
5.1.7. 3c523
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c523
This MCA bus card uses the i82586, and Chris Beauregard has modified
the ni52 driver to work with these cards. The driver for it can be
found in the v2.2 kernel source tree.
More details can be found on the MCA-Linux page at
http://glycerine.cetmm.uni.edu/mca/
5.1.8. 3c527
Status: Not Supported.
Yes, another MCA card. No, not too much interest in it. Better
chances with the 3c529 if you are stuck with MCA.
5.1.9. 3c529
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This card actually uses the same chipset as the 3c509. Donald
actually put hooks into the 3c509 driver to check for MCA cards after
probing for EISA cards, and before probing for ISA cards, long before
MCA support was added to the kernel. The required MCA probe code is
included in the driver shipped with v2.2 kernels. More details can be
found on the MCA-Linux page at:
http://glycerine.cetmm.uni.edu/mca/
5.1.10. 3c562
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c589 (distributed separately)
This PCMCIA card is the combination of a 3c589B ethernet card with a
modem. The modem appears as a standard modem to the end user. The only
difficulty is getting the two separate linux drivers to share one
interrupt. There are a couple of new registers and some hardware
interrupt sharing support. You need to use a v2.0 or newer kernel
that has the support for interrupt sharing.
Thanks again to Cameron for getting a sample unit and documentation
sent off to David Hinds. Look for support in David's PCMCIA package
release.
See ``PCMCIA Support'' for more info on PCMCIA chipsets, socket
enablers, etc.
5.1.11. 3c575
Status: Unknown.
A driver for this PCMCIA card is under development and hopefully will
be included in David's PCMCIA package in the future. Best to check
the PCMCIA package to get the current status.
5.1.12. 3c579
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
The EISA version of the 509. The current EISA version uses the same 16
bit wide chip rather than a 32 bit interface, so the performance
increase isn't stunning. Make sure the card is configured for EISA
addressing mode. Read the above 3c509 section for info on the driver.
5.1.13. 3c589 / 3c589B
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c589
Many people have been using this PCMCIA card for quite some time now.
Note that support for it is not (at present) included in the default
kernel source tree. The "B" in the name means the same here as it
does for the 3c509 case.
There are drivers available on Donald's ftp site and in David Hinds
PCMCIA package. You will also need a supported PCMCIA controller
chipset. See ``PCMCIA Support'' for more info on PCMCIA drivers,
chipsets, socket enablers, etc.
5.1.14. 3c590 / 3c595
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These ``Vortex'' cards are for PCI bus machines, with the '590 being
10Mbps and the '595 being 3Com's 100Mbs offering. Also note that you
can run the '595 as a '590 (i.e. in a 10Mbps mode). The driver is
included in the v2.0 kernel source, but is also continually being
updated. If you have problems with the driver in the v2.0 kernel, you
can get an updated driver from the following URL:
Vortex <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html>
Note that there are two different 3c590 cards out there, early models
that had 32kB of on-board memory, and later models that only have 8kB
of memory. Chances are you won't be able to buy a new 3c59x for much
longer, as it is being replaced with the 3c90x card. If you are buying
a used one off somebody, try and get the 32kB version. The 3c595 cards
have 64kB, as you can't get away with only 8kB RAM at 100Mbps!
A thanks to Cameron Spitzer and Terry Murphy of 3Com for sending cards
and documentation to Donald so he could write the driver.
Donald has set up a mailing list for Vortex driver support. To join
the list, just do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail linux-vortex-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
5.1.15. 3c592 / 3c597
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These are the EISA versions of the 3c59x series of cards. The
3c592/3c597 (aka Demon) should work with the vortex driver discussed
above.
5.1.16. 3c900 / 3c905 / 3c905B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These cards (aka `Boomerang', aka EtherLink III XL) have been released
to take over the place of the 3c590/3c595 cards.
The support for the Cyclone `B' revision was only recently added. To
use this card with older v2.0 kernels, you must obtain the updated
3c59x.c driver from Donald's site at:
Vortex-Page <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html>
If in doubt about anything then check out the above WWW page. Donald
has set up a mailing list for Vortex driver support announcements and
etc. To join the list, just do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail linux-vortex-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
5.1.17. 3c985
Status: Supported, Driver Name: acenic
This driver, by Jes Sorensen, is available in v2.2 kernels It supports
several other Gigabit cards in addition to the 3Com model.
5.2. Accton
5.2.1. Accton MPX
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Don't let the name fool you. This is still supposed to be a NE2000
compatible card, and should work with the ne2000 driver.
5.2.2. Accton EN1203, EN1207, EtherDuo-PCI
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is another implementation of the DEC 21040 PCI chip. The EN1207
card has the 21140, and also has a 10Base-2 connector, which has
proved troublesome for some people in terms of selecting that media.
Using the card with 10Base-T and 100Base-T media have worked for
others though. So as with all purchases, you should try and make sure
you can return it if it doesn't work for you.
See ``DEC 21040'' for more information on these cards, and the present
driver situation.
5.2.3. Accton EN2209 Parallel Port Adaptor (EtherPocket)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
A driver for these parallel port adapters is available but not yet
part of the 2.0 or 2.1 kernel source. You have to get the driver from:
http://www.unix-ag.uni-siegen.de/~nils/accton_linux.html
5.2.4. Accton EN2212 PCMCIA Card
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
David Hinds has been working on a driver for this card, and you are
best to check the latest release of his PCMCIA package to see what the
present status is.
5.3. Allied Telesyn/Telesis
5.3.1. AT1500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These are a series of low-cost ethercards using the 79C960 version of
the AMD LANCE. These are bus-master cards, and hence one of the faster
ISA bus ethercards available.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in ``AMD
LANCE''.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards can be
found in ``Notes on AMD...''.
5.3.2. AT1700
Status: Supported, Driver Name: at1700
Note that to access this driver during make config you still have to
answer `Y' when asked ``Prompt for development and/or incomplete
code/drivers?'' at the first. This is simply due to lack of feedback
on the driver stability due to it being a relatively rare card. If
you have problems with the driver that ships with the kernel then you
may be interested in the alternative driver available at:
http://www.cc.hit-u.ac.jp/nagoya/at1700/
The Allied Telesis AT1700 series ethercards are based on the Fujitsu
MB86965. This chip uses a programmed I/O interface, and a pair of
fixed-size transmit buffers. This allows small groups of packets to be
sent back-to-back, with a short pause while switching buffers.
A unique feature is the ability to drive 150ohm STP (Shielded Twisted
Pair) cable commonly installed for Token Ring, in addition to 10baseT
100ohm UTP (unshielded twisted pair). A fibre optic version of the
card (AT1700FT) exists as well.
The Fujitsu chip used on the AT1700 has a design flaw: it can only be
fully reset by doing a power cycle of the machine. Pressing the reset
button doesn't reset the bus interface. This wouldn't be so bad,
except that it can only be reliably detected when it has been freshly
reset. The solution/work-around is to power-cycle the machine if the
kernel has a problem detecting the AT1700.
5.3.3. AT2450
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCI version of the AT1500, and it doesn't suffer from the
problems that the Boca 79c970 PCI card does. DMA selection and chip
numbering information can be found in ``AMD LANCE''.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards can be
found in ``Notes on AMD...''.
5.3.4. AT2500
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: rtl8139
This card uses the RealTek 8139 chip - see the section ``RealTek
8139''.
5.3.5. AT2540FX
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
This card uses the i82557 chip, and hence may/should work with the
eepro100 driver. If you try this please send in a report so this
information can be updated.
5.4. AMD / Advanced Micro Devices
Carl Ching of AMD was kind enough to provide a very detailed
description of all the relevant AMD ethernet products which helped
clear up this section.
5.4.1. AMD LANCE (7990, 79C960/961/961A, PCnet-ISA)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
There really is no AMD ethernet card. You are probably reading this
because the only markings you could find on your card said AMD and the
above number. The 7990 is the original `LANCE' chip, but most stuff
(including this document) refer to all these similar chips as `LANCE'
chips. (...incorrectly, I might add.)
These above numbers refer to chips from AMD that are the heart of many
ethernet cards. For example, the Allied Telesis AT1500 (see
``AT1500'') and the NE1500/2100 (see ``NE1500'') use these chips.
The 7990/79c90 have long been replaced by newer versions. The 79C960
(a.k.a. PCnet-ISA) essentially contains the 79c90 core, along with all
the other hardware support required, which allows a single-chip
ethernet solution. The 79c961 (PCnet-ISA+) is a jumperless Plug and
Play version of the '960. The final chip in the ISA series is the
79c961A (PCnet-ISA II), which adds full duplex capabilities. All
cards with one of these chips should work with the lance.c driver,
with the exception of very old cards that used the original 7990 in a
shared memory configuration. These old cards can be spotted by the
lack of jumpers for a DMA channel.
One common problem people have is the `busmaster arbitration failure'
message. This is printed out when the LANCE driver can't get access to
the bus after a reasonable amount of time has elapsed (50us). This
usually indicates that the motherboard implementation of bus-mastering
DMA is broken, or some other device is hogging the bus, or there is a
DMA channel conflict. If your BIOS setup has the `GAT option' (for
Guaranteed Access Time) then try toggling/altering that setting to see
if it helps.
Also note that the driver only looks at the addresses: 0x300, 0x320,
0x340, 0x360 for a valid card, and any address supplied by an ether=
boot argument is silently ignored (this will be fixed) so make sure
your card is configured for one of the above I/O addresses for now.
The driver will still work fine, even if more than 16MB of memory is
installed, since low-memory `bounce-buffers' are used when needed
(i.e. any data from above 16MB is copied into a buffer below 16MB
before being given to the card to transmit.)
The DMA channel can be set with the low bits of the otherwise-unused
dev->mem_start value (a.k.a. PARAM_1). (see ``PARAM_1'') If unset it
is probed for by enabling each free DMA channel in turn and checking
if initialization succeeds.
The HP-J2405A board is an exception: with this board it's easy to read
the EEPROM-set values for the IRQ, and DMA.
See ``Notes on AMD...'' for more info on these chips.
5.4.2. AMD 79C965 (PCnet-32)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-32 -- a 32 bit bus-master version of the original
LANCE chip for VL-bus and local bus systems. chip. While these chips
can be operated with the standard lance.c driver, a 32 bit version
(pcnet32.c) is also available that does not have to concern itself
with any 16MB limitations associated with the ISA bus.
5.4.3. AMD 79C970/970A (PCnet-PCI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-PCI -- similar to the PCnet-32, but designed for PCI
bus based systems. Please see the above PCnet-32 information. This
means that you need to build a kernel with PCI BIOS support enabled.
The '970A adds full duplex support along with some other features to
the original '970 design.
Note that the Boca implementation of the 79C970 fails on fast Pentium
machines. This is a hardware problem, as it affects DOS users as well.
See the Boca section for more details.
5.4.4. AMD 79C971 (PCnet-FAST)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is AMD's 100Mbit chip for PCI systems, which also supports full
duplex operation. It was introduced in June 1996.
5.4.5. AMD 79C972 (PCnet-FAST+)
Status: Unknown, Driver Name: pcnet32
This should also work just like the '971 but this has yet to be
confirmed.
5.4.6. AMD 79C974 (PCnet-SCSI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-SCSI -- which is basically treated like a '970 from
an Ethernet point of view. Also see the above information. Don't ask
if the SCSI half of the chip is supported -- this is the Ethernet-
HowTo, not the SCSI-HowTo.
5.5. Ansel Communications
5.5.1. AC3200 EISA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ac3200
Note that to access this driver during make config you still have to
answer `Y' when asked ``Prompt for development and/or incomplete
code/drivers?'' at the first. This is simply due to lack of feedback
on the driver stability due to it being a relatively rare card.
This driver is included in the present kernel as an alpha test driver.
It is based on the common NS8390 chip used in the ne2000 and wd80x3
cards. Please see ``Alpha Drivers'' in this document for important
information regarding alpha drivers.
If you use it, let one of us know how things work out, as feedback has
been low, even though the driver has been in the kernel since v1.1.25.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
5.6. Apricot
5.6.1. Apricot Xen-II On Board Ethernet
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: apricot
This on board ethernet uses an i82596 bus-master chip. It can only be
at I/O address 0x300. By looking at the driver source, it appears
that the IRQ is also hardwired to 10.
Earlier versions of the driver had a tendency to think that anything
living at 0x300 was an apricot NIC. Since then the hardware address
is checked to avoid these false detections.
5.7. Arcnet
Status: Supported, Driver Name: arcnet (arc-rimi, com90xx, com20020)
With the very low cost and better performance of ethernet, chances are
that most places will be giving away their Arcnet hardware for free,
resulting in a lot of home systems with Arcnet.
An advantage of Arcnet is that all of the cards have identical
interfaces, so one driver will work for everyone. It also has built in
error handling so that it supposedly never loses a packet. (Great for
UDP traffic!)
Avery Pennarun's arcnet driver has been in the default kernel sources
since 1.1.80. The arcnet driver uses `arc0' as its name instead of the
usual `eth0' for ethernet devices. Bug reports and success stories
can be mailed to:
apenwarr@foxnet.net
There are information files contained in the standard kernel for
setting jumpers and general hints.
Supposedly the driver also works with the 100Mbs ARCnet cards as well!
5.8. AT&T
Note that AT&T's StarLAN is an orphaned technology, like SynOptics
LattisNet, and can't be used in a standard 10Base-T environment,
without a hub that `speaks' both.
5.8.1. AT&T T7231 (LanPACER+)
Status: Not Supported.
These StarLAN cards use an interface similar to the i82586 chip. At
one point, Matthijs Melchior (matthijs.n.melchior@att.com) was playing
with the 3c507 driver, and almost had something useable working.
Haven't heard much since that.
5.9. Boca Research
Yes, they make more than just multi-port serial cards. :-)
5.9.1. Boca BEN (ISA, VLB, PCI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance, pcnet32
These cards are based on AMD's PCnet chips. Perspective buyers should
be warned that many users have had endless problems with these VLB/PCI
cards. Owners of fast Pentium systems have been especially hit. Note
that this is not a driver problem, as it hits DOS/Win/NT users as
well. Boca's technical support number is (407) 241-8088, and you can
also reach them at 75300.2672@compuserve.com. The older ISA cards
don't appear to suffer the same problems.
Donald did a comparitive test with a Boca PCI card and a similar
Allied Telsyn PCnet/PCI implementation, which showed that the problem
lies in Boca's implementation of the PCnet/PCI chip. These test
results can be accessed on Don's www server.
Linux at CESDIS <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/>
Boca is offering a `warranty repair' for affected owners, which
involves adding one of the missing capacitors, but it appears that
this fix doesn't work 100 percent for most people, although it helps
some.
If you are still thinking of buying one of these cards, then at least
try and get a 7 day unconditional return policy, so that if it doesn't
work properly in your system, you can return it.
More general information on the AMD chips can be found in ``AMD
LANCE''.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards can be
found in ``Notes on AMD...''.
5.10. Cabletron
Donald writes: `Yes, another one of these companies that won't release
its programming information. They waited for months before actually
confirming that all their information was proprietary, deliberately
wasting my time. Avoid their cards like the plague if you can. Also
note that some people have phoned Cabletron, and have been told things
like `a D. Becker is working on a driver for linux' -- making it sound
like I work for them. This is NOT the case.'
Apparently Cabletron has changed their policy with respect to
programming information (like Xircom) since Donald made the above
comment several years ago -- send e-mail to support@ctron.com if you
want to verify this or ask for programming information. However, at
this point in time, there is little demand for modified/updated
drivers for the older E20xx and E21xx cards.
5.10.1. E10**, E10**-x, E20**, E20**-x
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
These are NEx000 almost-clones that are reported to work with the
standard NEx000 drivers, thanks to a ctron-specific check during the
probe. If there are any problems, they are unlikely to be fixed, as
the programming information is unavailable.
5.10.2. E2100
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: e2100 (+8390)
Again, there is not much one can do when the programming information
is proprietary. The E2100 is a poor design. Whenever it maps its
shared memory in during a packet transfer, it maps it into the whole
128K region! That means you can't safely use another interrupt-driven
shared memory device in that region, including another E2100. It will
work most of the time, but every once in a while it will bite you.
(Yes, this problem can be avoided by turning off interrupts while
transferring packets, but that will almost certainly lose clock
ticks.) Also, if you mis-program the board, or halt the machine at
just the wrong moment, even the reset button won't bring it back. You
will have to turn it off and leave it off for about 30 seconds.
Media selection is automatic, but you can override this with the low
bits of the dev->mem_end parameter. See ``PARAM_2''. Module users can
specify an xcvr=N value as an option in the /etc/conf.modules file.
Also, don't confuse the E2100 for a NE2100 clone. The E2100 is a
shared memory NatSemi DP8390 design, roughly similar to a brain-
damaged WD8013, whereas the NE2100 (and NE1500) use a bus-mastering
AMD LANCE design.
There is an E2100 driver included in the standard kernel. However,
seeing as programming info isn't available, don't expect bug-fixes.
Don't use one unless you are already stuck with the card.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
5.10.3. E22**
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: lance
According to information in a Cabletron Tech Bulletin, these cards use
the standard AMD PC-Net chipset (see ``AMD PC-Net'') and should work
with the generic lance driver.
5.11. Cogent
Here is where and how to reach them:
Cogent Data Technologies, Inc.
175 West Street, P.O. Box 926
Friday Harbour, WA 98250, USA.
Cogent Sales
15375 S.E. 30th Place, Suite 310
Bellevue, WA 98007, USA.
Technical Support:
Phone (360) 378-2929 between 8am and 5pm PST
Fax (360) 378-2882
Compuserve GO COGENT
Bulletin Board Service (360) 378-5405
Internet: support@cogentdata.com
5.11.1. EM100-ISA/EISA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: smc9194
These cards use the SMC 91c100 chip and may work with the SMC 91c92
driver, but this has yet to be verified.
5.11.2. Cogent eMASTER+, EM100-PCI, EM400, EM960, EM964
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
These are yet another DEC 21040 implementation that should hopefully
work fine with the standard 21040 driver.
The EM400 and the EM964 are four port cards using a DEC 21050 bridge
and 4 21040 chips.
See ``DEC 21040'' for more information on these cards, and the present
driver situation.
5.12. Compaq
Compaq aren't really in the business of making ethernet cards, but a
lot of their systems have embedded ethernet controllers on the
motherboard.
5.12.1. Compaq Deskpro / Compaq XL (Embedded AMD Chip)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
Machines such as the XL series have an AMD 79c97x PCI chip on the
mainboard that can be used with the standard LANCE driver. But before
you can use it, you have to do some trickery to get the PCI BIOS to a
place where Linux can see it. Frank Maas was kind enough to provide
the details:
`` The problem with this Compaq machine however is that the PCI
directory is loaded in high memory, at a spot where the Linux kernel
can't (won't) reach. Result: the card is never detected nor is it
usable (sideline: the mouse won't work either) The workaround (as
described thoroughly in http://www-c724.uibk.ac.at/XL/) is to load MS-
DOS, launch a little driver Compaq wrote and then load the Linux
kernel using LOADLIN. Ok, I'll give you time to say `yuck, yuck', but
for now this is the only working solution I know of. The little driver
simply moves the PCI directory to a place where it is normally stored
(and where Linux can find it).''
More general information on the AMD chips can be found in ``AMD
LANCE''.
5.12.2. Compaq Nettelligent/NetFlex (Embedded ThunderLAN Chip)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: tlan
These systems use a Texas Instruments ThunderLAN chip Information on
the ThunderLAN driver can be found in ``ThunderLAN''.
5.13. Danpex
5.13.1. Danpex EN9400
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
Yet another card based on the DEC 21040 chip, reported to work fine,
and at a relatively cheap price.
See ``DEC 21040'' for more information on these cards, and the present
driver situation.
5.14. D-Link
5.14.1. DE-100, DE-200, DE-220-T, DE-250
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Some of the early D-Link cards didn't have the 0x57 PROM signature,
but the ne2000 driver knows about them. For the software configurable
cards, you can get the config program from www.dlink.com. The DE2**
cards were the most widely reported as having the spurious transfer
address mismatch errors with early versions of linux. Note that there
are also cards from Digital (DEC) that are also named DE100 and DE200,
but the similarity stops there.
5.14.2. DE-520
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is a PCI card using the PCI version of AMD's LANCE chip. DMA
selection and chip numbering information can be found in ``AMD
LANCE''.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards can be
found in ``Notes on AMD...''.
5.14.3. DE-528
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
Apparently D-Link have also started making PCI NE2000 clones.
5.14.4. DE-530
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is a generic DEC 21040 PCI chip implementation, and is reported
to work with the generic 21040 tulip driver.
See ``DEC 21040'' for more information on these cards, and the present
driver situation.
5.14.5. DE-600
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de600
Laptop users and other folk who might want a quick way to put their
computer onto the ethernet may want to use this. The driver is
included with the default kernel source tree. Bjorn Ekwall
bj0rn@blox.se wrote the driver. Expect about 180kb/s transfer speed
from this via the parallel port. You should read the README.DLINK file
in the kernel source tree.
Note that the device name that you pass to ifconfig is now eth0 and
not the previously used dl0.
If your parallel port is not at the standard 0x378 then you will have
to recompile. Bjorn writes: ``Since the DE-620 driver tries to sqeeze
the last microsecond from the loops, I made the irq and port address
constants instead of variables. This makes for a usable speed, but it
also means that you can't change these assignements from e.g. lilo;
you _have_ to recompile...'' Also note that some laptops implement the
on-board parallel port at 0x3bc which is where the parallel ports on
monochrome cards were/are.
5.14.6. DE-620
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de620
Same as the DE-600, only with two output formats. Bjorn has written a
driver for this model, for kernel versions 1.1 and above. See the
above information on the DE-600.
5.14.7. DE-650
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: de650 (?)
Some people have been using this PCMCIA card for some time now with
their notebooks. It is a basic 8390 design, much like a NE2000. The
LinkSys PCMCIA card and the IC-Card Ethernet are supposedly DE-650
clones as well. Note that at present, this driver is not part of the
standard kernel, and so you will have to do some patching.
See ``PCMCIA Support'' in this document, and if you can, have a look
at:
Don's PCMCIA Stuff <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/pcmcia.html>
5.15. DFI
5.15.1. DFINET-300 and DFINET-400
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
These cards are now detected (as of 0.99pl15) thanks to Eberhard
Moenkeberg emoenke@gwdg.de who noted that they use `DFI' in the first
3 bytes of the prom, instead of using 0x57 in bytes 14 and 15, which
is what all the NE1000 and NE2000 cards use. (The 300 is an 8 bit
pseudo NE1000 clone, and the 400 is a pseudo NE2000 clone.)
5.16. Digital / DEC
5.16.1. DEPCA, DE100/1, DE200/1/2, DE210, DE422
Status: Supported, Driver Name: depca
There is documentation included in the source file `depca.c', which
includes info on how to use more than one of these cards in a machine.
Note that the DE422 is an EISA card. These cards are all based on the
AMD LANCE chip. See ``AMD LANCE'' for more info. A maximum of two of
the ISA cards can be used, because they can only be set for 0x300 and
0x200 base I/O address. If you are intending to do this, please read
the notes in the driver source file depca.c in the standard kernel
source tree.
This driver will also work on Alpha CPU based machines, and there are
various ioctl()s that the user can play with.
5.16.2. Digital EtherWorks 3 (DE203, DE204, DE205)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ewrk3
These cards use a proprietary chip from DEC, as opposed to the LANCE
chip used in the earlier cards like the DE200. These cards support
both shared memory or programmed I/O, although you take about a
50%performance hit if you use PIO mode. The shared memory size can be
set to 2kB, 32kB or 64kB, but only 2 and 32 have been tested with this
driver. David says that the performance is virtually identical between
the 2kB and 32kB mode. There is more information (including using the
driver as a loadable module) at the top of the driver file ewrk3.c and
also in README.ewrk3. Both of these files come with the standard
kernel distribution. This driver has Alpha CPU support like depca.c
does.
The standard driver has a number of interesting ioctl() calls that can
be used to get or clear packet statistics, read/write the EEPROM,
change the hardware address, and the like. Hackers can see the source
code for more info on that one.
David has also written a configuration utility for this card (along
the lines of the DOS program NICSETUP.EXE) along with other tools.
These can be found on most Linux FTP sites in the directory
/pub/Linux/system/Network/management -- look for the file ewrk3tools-
X.XX.tar.gz.
5.16.3. DE425 EISA, DE434, DE435, DE500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
These cards are based on the 21040 chip mentioned below. The DE500
uses the 21140 chip to provide 10/100Mbs ethernet connections. Have a
read of the 21040 section below for extra info. There are also some
compile-time options available for non-DEC cards using this driver.
Have a look at README.de4x5 for details.
All the Digital cards will autoprobe for their media (except,
temporarily, the DE500 due to a patent issue).
This driver is also Alpha CPU ready and supports being loaded as a
module. Users can access the driver internals through ioctl() calls -
see the 'ewrk3' tools and the de4x5.c sources for information about
how to do this.
5.16.4. DEC 21040, 21041, 2114x, Tulip
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
The DEC 21040 is a bus-mastering single chip ethernet solution from
Digital, similar to AMD's PCnet chip. The 21040 is specifically
designed for the PCI bus architecture. SMC's new EtherPower PCI card
uses this chip.
You have a choice of two drivers for cards based on this chip. There
is the DE425 driver discussed above, and the generic 21040 `tulip'
driver.
Warning: Even though your card may be based upon this chip, the
drivers may not work for you. David C. Davies writes:
``There are no guarantees that either `tulip.c' OR `de4x5.c' will run
any DC2114x based card other than those they've been written to
support. WHY?? You ask. Because there is a register, the General
Purpose Register (CSR12) that (1) in the DC21140A is programmable by
each vendor and they all do it differently (2) in the DC21142/3 this
is now an SIA control register (a la DC21041). The only small ray of
hope is that we can decode the SROM to help set up the driver.
However, this is not a guaranteed solution since some vendors (e.g.
SMC 9332 card) don't follow the Digital Semiconductor recommended SROM
programming format."
In non-technical terms, this means that if you aren't sure that an
unknown card with a DC2114x chip will work with the linux driver(s),
then make sure you can return the card to the place of purchase before
you pay for it.
The updated 21041 chip is also found in place of the 21040 on most of
the later SMC EtherPower cards. The 21140 is for supporting 100Base-?
and works with the Linux drivers for the 21040 chip. To use David's
de4x5 driver with non-DEC cards, have a look at README.de4x5 for
details.
Donald has used SMC EtherPower-10/100 cards to develop the `tulip'
driver. Note that the driver that is in the standard kernel tree at
the moment is not the most up to date version. If you are having
trouble with this driver, you should get the newest version from
Donald's ftp/WWW site.
Tulip Driver <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/tulip.html>
The above URL also contains a (non-exhaustive) list of various
cards/vendors that use the 21040 chip.
Also note that the tulip driver is still considered an alpha driver
(see ``Alpha Drivers'') at the moment, and should be treated as such.
To use it, you will have to edit arch/i386/config.in and uncomment the
line for CONFIG_DEC_ELCP support.
Donald has even set up a mailing list for tulip driver support
announcements, etc. To join it just type:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail linux-tulip-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
5.17. Farallon
Farallon sells EtherWave adaptors and transceivers. This device allows
multiple 10baseT devices to be daisy-chained.
5.17.1. Farallon Etherwave
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This is reported to be a 3c509 clone that includes the EtherWave
transceiver. People have used these successfully with Linux and the
present 3c509 driver. They are too expensive for general use, but are
a great option for special cases. Hublet prices start at $125, and
Etherwave adds $75-$100 to the price of the board -- worth it if you
have pulled one wire too few, but not if you are two network drops
short.
5.18. Fujitsu
Unlike many network chip manufacturers, Fujitsu have also made and
sold some network cards based upon their chip.
5.18.1. Fujitsu FMV-181/182/183/184
Status: Supported, Driver Name: fmv18x
According to the driver, these cards are a straight forward Fujitsu
MB86965 implementation, which would make them very similar to the
Allied Telesis AT1700 cards.
5.19. Hewlett Packard
The 272** cards use programmed I/O, similar to the NE*000 boards, but
the data transfer port can be `turned off' when you aren't accessing
it, avoiding problems with autoprobing drivers.
Thanks to Glenn Talbott for helping clean up the confusion in this
section regarding the version numbers of the HP hardware.
5.19.1. 27245A
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp (+8390)
8 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT, not recommended for all the 8 bit reasons.
It was re-designed a couple years ago to be highly integrated which
caused some changes in initialization timing which only affected
testing programs, not LAN drivers. (The new card is not `ready' as
soon after switching into and out of loopback mode.)
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
5.19.2. HP EtherTwist, PC Lan+ (27247, 27252A)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp+ (+8390)
The HP PC Lan+ is different to the standard HP PC Lan card. This
driver was added to the list of drivers in the standard kernel during
the v1.1.x development cycle. It can be operated in either a PIO mode
like a ne2000, or a shared memory mode like a wd8013.
The 47B is a 16 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT w/AUI, and the 52A is a 16 Bit
8390 based ThinLAN w/AUI. These cards have 32K onboard RAM for Tx/Rx
packet buffering instead of the usual 16KB, and they both offer LAN
connector autosense.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
5.19.3. HP-J2405A
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These are lower priced, and slightly faster than the 27247/27252A, but
are missing some features, such as AUI, ThinLAN connectivity, and boot
PROM socket. This is a fairly generic LANCE design, but a minor
design decision makes it incompatible with a generic `NE2100' driver.
Special support for it (including reading the DMA channel from the
board) is included thanks to information provided by HP's Glenn
Talbott.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
``Notes on AMD...''
5.19.4. HP-Vectra On Board Ethernet
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
The HP-Vectra has an AMD PCnet chip on the motherboard. DMA selection
and chip numbering information can be found in ``AMD LANCE''.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
``Notes on AMD...''
5.19.5. HP 10/100 VG Any Lan Cards (27248B, J2573, J2577, J2585,
J970, J973)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp100
This driver also supports some of the Compex VG products. Since the
driver supports ISA, EISA and PCI cards, it is found under ISA cards
when running make config on a kernel source.
5.19.6. HP NetServer 10/100TX PCI (D5013A)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
Apparently these are just a rebadged Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B
card. See the Intel section for more information.
5.20. IBM / International Business Machines
5.20.1. IBM Thinkpad 300
Status: Supported, Driver Name: znet
This is compatible with the Intel based Zenith Z-note. See ``Z-note''
for more info.
Supposedly this site has a comprehensive database of useful stuff for
newer versions of the Thinkpad. I haven't checked it out myself yet.
Thinkpad-info <http://peipa.essex.ac.uk/html/linux-thinkpad.html>
For those without a WWW browser handy, try
peipa.essex.ac.uk:/pub/tp750/
5.20.2. IBM Credit Card Adaptor for Ethernet
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ? (distributed separately)
People have been using this PCMCIA card with Linux as well. Similar
points apply, those being that you need a supported PCMCIA chipset on
your notebook, and that you will have to patch the PCMCIA support into
the standard kernel.
See ``PCMCIA Support'' in this document, and if you can, have a look
at:
Don's PCMCIA Stuff <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/pcmcia.html>
5.20.3. IBM Token Ring
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ibmtr
To support token ring requires more than only writing a device driver,
it also requires writing the source routing routines for token ring.
It is the source routing that would be the most time comsuming to
write.
Peter De Schrijver has been spending some time on Token Ring lately.
and has worked with IBM ISA and MCA token ring cards.
The present token ring code has been included into the first of the
1.3.x series kernels.
Peter says that it was originally tested on an MCA 16/4 Megabit Token
Ring board, but it should work with other Tropic based boards.
5.21. ICL Ethernet Cards
5.21.1. ICL EtherTeam 16i/32
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eth16i
Mika Kuoppala (miku@pupu.elt.icl.fi) wrote this driver, and it was
included into early 1.3.4x kernels. It uses the Fujitsu MB86965 chip
that is also used on the at1700 cards.
5.22. Intel Ethernet Cards
Note that the naming of the various Intel cards is ambiguous and
confusing at best. If in doubt, then check the i8xxxx number on the
main chip on the card or for PCI cards, use the PCI information in the
/proc directory and then compare that to the numbers listed here.
5.22.1. Ether Express
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eexpress
This card uses the intel i82586. Earlier versions of this driver (in
v1.2 kernels) were classed as alpha-test, as it didn't work well for
most people. The driver in the v2.0 kernel seems to work much better
for those who have tried it, although the driver source still lists it
as experimental and more problematic on faster machines.
The comments at the top of the driver source list some of the problems
(and fixes!) associated with these cards. The slowdown hack of
replacing all the outb with outb_p in the driver has been reported to
avoid lockups for at least one user.
5.22.2. Ether Express PRO/10
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro
Bao Chau Ha has written a driver for these cards that has been
included into early 1.3.x kernels. It may also work with some of the
Compaq built-in ethernet systems that are based on the i82595 chip.
5.22.3. Ether Express PRO/10 PCI (EISA)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ? (distributed separately)
John Stalba (stalba@ultranet.com) has written a driver for the PCI
version. These cards use the PLX9036 PCI interface chip with the Intel
i82596 LAN controller chip. If your card has the i82557 chip, then you
don't have this card, but rather the version discussed next, and hence
want the EEPro100 driver instead.
You can get the alpha driver for the PRO/10 PCI card, along with
instructions on how to use it at:
EEPro10 Driver <http://www.ultranet.com/~stalba/eep10pci.html>
If you have the EISA card, you will probably have to hack the driver a
bit to account for the different (PCI vs. EISA) detection mechanisms
that are used in each case.
5.22.4. Ether Express PRO 10/100B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
Note that this driver will not work with the older 100A cards. The
chip numbers listed in the driver are i82557/i82558. For driver
updates and/or driver support, have a look at:
EEPro-100B Page
<http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/eepro100.html>
To subscribe to the mailing list relating to this driver, do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail linux-eepro100-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
Apparently Donald had to sign a non-disclosure agreement that stated
he could actually disclose the driver source code! How is that for
sillyness on intel's part?
5.23. Kingston
Kingston make various cards, including NE2000+, AMD PCnet based cards,
and DEC tulip based cards. Most of these cards should work fine with
their respective driver. See Kingston Web Page
<http://www.kingston.com>
The KNE40 DEC 21041 tulip based card is reported to work fine with the
generic tulip driver.
5.24. LinkSys
LinkSys make a handful of different NE2000 clones, some straight ISA
cards, some ISA plug and play and some even ne2000-PCI clones based on
one of the supported ne2000-PCI chipsets. There are just too many
models to list here.
LinkSys are linux-friendly, with a linux specific WWW support page,
and even have Linux printed on the boxes of some of their products.
Have a look at:
http://www.linksys.com/support/solution/nos/linux.htm
5.24.1. LinkSys Etherfast 10/100 Cards.
Status: Supported, Driver Name: tulip
Note that with these cards there have been several `revisions' (i.e.
different chipset used) all with the same card name. The 1st used the
DEC chipset. The 2nd revision used the Lite-On PNIC 82c168 PCI Network
Interface Controller, and support for this was merged into the
standard tulip driver (as of version 0.83 and newer). More PNIC
information is available at:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/pnic.html
More information on the various versions of these cards can be found
at the LinkSys WWW site mentioned above.
5.24.2. LinkSys Pocket Ethernet Adapter Plus (PEAEPP)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de620
This is supposedly a DE-620 clone, and is reported to work well with
that driver. See ``DE-620'' for more information.
5.24.3. LinkSys PCMCIA Adaptor
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de650 (?)
This is supposed to be a re-badged DE-650. See ``DE-650'' for more
information.
5.25. Microdyne
5.25.1. Microdyne Exos 205T
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
Another i82586 based card. Dirk Niggemann dirk-n@dircon.co.uk has
written a driver that he classes as ``pre-alpha'' that he would like
people to test. Mail him for more details.
5.26. Mylex
Mylex can be reached at the following numbers, in case anyone wants to
ask them anything.
MYLEX CORPORATION, Fremont
Sales: 800-77-MYLEX, (510) 796-6100
FAX: (510) 745-8016.
They also have a web site: Mylex WWW Site <http://www.mylex.com>
5.26.1. Mylex LNE390A, LNE390B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lne390 (+8390)
These are fairly old EISA cards that make use of a shared memory
implementation similar to the wd80x3. A driver for these cards is
available in the current 2.1.x series of kernels. Ensure you set the
shared memory address below 1MB or above the highest address of the
physical RAM installed in the machine.
5.26.2. Mylex LNP101
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is a PCI card that is based on DEC's 21040 chip. It is
selectable between 10BaseT, 10Base2 and 10Base5 output. The LNP101
card has been verified to work with the generic 21040 driver.
See the section on the 21040 chip (``DEC 21040'') for more
information.
5.26.3. Mylex LNP104
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
The LNP104 uses the DEC 21050 chip to deliver four independent 10BaseT
ports. It should work with recent 21040 drivers that know how to share
IRQs, but nobody has reported trying it yet (that I am aware of).
5.27. Novell Ethernet, NExxxx and associated clones.
The prefix `NE' came from Novell Ethernet. Novell followed the
cheapest NatSemi databook design and sold the manufacturing rights
(spun off?) Eagle, just to get reasonably-priced ethercards into the
market. (The now ubiquitous NE2000 card.)
5.27.1. NE1000, NE2000
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
The ne2000 is now a generic name for a bare-bones design around the
NatSemi 8390 chip. They use programmed I/O rather than shared memory,
leading to easier installation but slightly lower performance and a
few problems. Some of the more common problems that arise with NE2000
cards are listed in ``Problems with...''
Some NE2000 clones use the National Semiconductor `AT/LANTic' 83905
chip, which offers a shared memory mode similar to the wd8013 and
EEPROM software configuration. The shared memory mode will offer less
CPU usage (i.e. more efficient) than the programmed I/O mode.
In general it is not a good idea to put a NE2000 clone at I/O address
0x300 because nearly every device driver probes there at boot. Some
poor NE2000 clones don't take kindly to being prodded in the wrong
areas, and will respond by locking your machine. Also 0x320 is bad
because SCSI drivers probe into 0x330.
Donald has written a NE2000 diagnostic program (ne2k.c) for all ne2000
cards. See ``Diagnostic Programs'' for more information.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
5.27.2. NE2000-PCI (RealTek/Winbond/Compex)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
Yes, believe it or not, people are making PCI cards based on the more
than ten year old interface design of the ne2000. At the moment nearly
all of these cards are based on the RealTek 8029 chip, or the Winbond
89c940 chip. The Compex, KTI, VIA and Netvin cards apparently also use
these chips, but have a different PCI ID.
The latest v2.0 kernel has support to automatically detect all these
cards and use them. (If you are using a kernel v2.0.34 or older, you
should upgrade to ensure your card will be detected.) There are now
two drivers to choose from; the original ISA/PCI ne.c driver, and a
relatively new PCI-only ne2k-pci.c driver.
To use the original ISA/PCI driver you have to say `Y' to the `Other
ISA cards' option when running make config as you are actually using
the same NE2000 driver as the ISA cards use. (That should also give
you a hint that these cards aren't anywhere as intelligent as say a
PCNet-PCI or DEC 21040 card...)
The newer PCI-only driver differs from the ISA/PCI driver in that all
the support for old NE1000 8 bit cards has been removed and that data
is moved to/from the card in bigger blocks, without any intervening
pauses that the older ISA-NE2000's required for reliable operation.
The result is a driver that is slightly smaller and slightly more
efficient, but don't get too excited as the difference will not be
obvious under normal use. (If you really wanted maximum
efficiency/low CPU use, then a PCI-NE2000 is simply a very poor
choice.) Driver updates and more information can be found at:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/ne2k-pci.html
If you have a NE2000 PCI card that is not detected by the most
current version of the driver, please contact the maintainer of the
NE2000 driver as listed in /usr/src/linux/MAINTAINERS along with the
output from a cat /proc/pci and dmesg so that support for your card
can also be added to the driver.
Also note that various card makers have been known to put `NE2000
Compatible' stickers on their product boxes even when it is completely
different (e.g. PCNet-PCI or RealTek 8139). If in doubt check the
main chip number against this document.
5.27.3. NE-10/100
Status: Not Supported.
These are ISA 100Mbps cards based on the National Semiconductor
DP83800 and DP83840 chips. There is currently no driver support, nor
has anyone reported that they are working on a driver. Apparently
documentation on the chip is unavailable with the exception of a
single PDF file that doesn't give enough details for a driver.
5.27.4. NE1500, NE2100
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These cards use the original 7990 LANCE chip from AMD and are
supported using the Linux lance driver. Newer NE2100 clones use the
updated PCnet/ISA chip from AMD.
Some earlier versions of the lance driver had problems with getting
the IRQ line via autoIRQ from the original Novell/Eagle 7990 cards.
Hopefully this is now fixed. If not, then specify the IRQ via LILO,
and let us know that it still has problems.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in ``AMD
LANCE''.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
``Notes on AMD...''
5.27.5. NE/2 MCA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ne2
There were a few NE2000 microchannel cards made by various companies.
This driver, available in v2.2 kernels, will detect the following MCA
cards: Novell Ethernet Adapter NE/2, Compex ENET-16 MC/P, and the Arco
Ethernet Adapter AE/2.
5.27.6. NE3200
Status: Not Supported.
This old EISA card uses a 8MHz 80186 in conjunction with an i82586.
Nobody is working on a driver for it, as there is no information
available on the card, and no real demand for a driver either.
5.27.7. NE3210
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne3210 (+8390)
This EISA card is completely different from the NE3200, as it uses a
Nat Semi 8390 chip. The driver can be found in the v2.2 kernel source
tree. Ensure you set the shared memory address below 1MB or above the
highest address of the physical RAM installed in the machine.
5.27.8. NE5500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
These are just AMD PCnet-PCI cards ('970A) chips. More information on
LANCE/PCnet based cards can be found in ``AMD LANCE''.
5.28. Proteon
5.28.1. Proteon P1370-EA
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Apparently this is a NE2000 clone, and works fine with Linux.
5.28.2. Proteon P1670-EA
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is yet another PCI card that is based on DEC's Tulip chip. It
has been reported to work fine with Linux.
See the section on the 21040 chip (``DEC 21040'') for more driver
information.
5.29. Pure Data
5.29.1. PDUC8028, PDI8023
Status: Supported, Driver Name: wd (+8390)
The PureData PDUC8028 and PDI8023 series of cards are reported to
work, thanks to special probe code contributed by Mike Jagdis
jaggy@purplet.demon.co.uk. The support is integrated with the WD
driver.
5.30. Racal-Interlan
Racal Interlan can be reached via WWW at www.interlan.com. I believe
they were also known as MiCom-Interlan at one point in the past.
5.30.1. ES3210
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: es3210
This is an EISA 8390 based shared memory card. An experimetal driver
is shipped with v2.2 kernels and it is reported to work fine, but the
EISA IRQ and shared memory address detection appears not to work with
(at least) the early revision cards. (This problem is not unique to
the Linux world either...) In that case, you have to supply them to
the driver. For example, card at IRQ 5 and shared memory 0xd0000,
with a modular driver, add options es3210 irq=5 mem=0xd0000 to
/etc/conf.modules. Or with the driver compiled into the kernel,
supply at boot ether=5,0,0xd0000,eth0 The I/O base is automatically
detected and hence a value of zero should be used.
5.30.2. NI5010
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ni5010
You used to have to go get the driver for these old 8 bit MiCom-
Interlan cards separately, but now it is shipped with the v2.2 kernels
as an experimental driver.
5.30.3. NI5210
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ni52
This card also uses one of the Intel chips. Michael Hipp has written
a driver for this card. It is included in the standard kernel as an
`alpha' driver. Michael would like to hear feedback from users that
have this card. See ``Alpha Drivers'' for important information on
using alpha-test ethernet drivers with Linux.
5.30.4. NI6510 (not EB)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ni65
There is also a driver for the LANCE based NI6510, and it is also
written by Michael Hipp. Again, it is also an `alpha' driver. For some
reason, this card is not compatible with the generic LANCE driver. See
``Alpha Drivers'' for important information on using alpha-test
ethernet drivers with Linux.
5.30.5. EtherBlaster (aka NI6510EB)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
As of kernel 1.3.23, the generic LANCE driver had a check added to it
for the 0x52, 0x44 NI6510EB specific signature. Others have reported
that this signature is not the same for all NI6510EB cards however,
which will cause the lance driver to not detect your card. If this
happens to you, you can change the probe (at about line 322 in
lance.c) to printk() out what the values are for your card and then
use them instead of the 0x52, 0x44 defaults.
The cards should probably be run in `high-performance' mode and not in
the NI6510 compatible mode when using the lance driver.
5.31. RealTek
5.31.1. RealTek RTL8002/8012 (AT-Lan-Tec) Pocket adaptor
Status: Supported, Driver Name: atp
This is a generic, low-cost OEM pocket adaptor being sold by AT-Lan-
Tec, and (likely) a number of other suppliers. A driver for it is
included in the standard kernel. Note that there is substantial
information contained in the driver source file `atp.c'.
Note that the device name that you pass to ifconfig was not eth0 but
atp0 for earlier versions of this driver.
5.31.2. RealTek 8009
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
This is an ISA NE2000 clone, and is reported to work fine with the
linux NE2000 driver. The rset8009.exe program can be obtained from
RealTek's WWW site at http://www.realtek.com.tw - or via ftp from the
same site.
5.31.3. RealTek 8019
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
This is a Plug and Pray version of the above. Use the DOS software to
disable PnP and enable jumperless configuration; set the card to a
sensible I/O address and IRQ and you should be ready to go. (If using
the driver as a module, don't forget to add an io=0xNNN option to
/etc/conf.modules). The rset8019.exe program can be obtained from
RealTek's WWW site at http://www.realtek.com.tw - or via ftp from the
same site.
5.31.4. RealTek 8029
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
This is a PCI single chip implementation of a NE2000 clone. Various
vendors are now selling cards with this chip. See ``NE2000-PCI'' for
information on using any of these cards. Note that this is still a
10+ year old design just glued onto a PCI bus. Performance won't be
staggeringly better than the equivalent ISA model.
5.31.5. RealTek 8129/8139
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: rtl8139
Another PCI single chip ethernet solution from RealTek. A driver for
cards based upon this chip was included in the v2.0.34 release of
linux. You currently have to answer `Y' when asked if you want
experimental drivers for v2.2 kernels to get access to this driver.
For more information, see:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/rtl8139.html
5.32. Sager
5.32.1. Sager NP943
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c501
This is just a 3c501 clone, with a different S.A. PROM prefix. I
assume it is equally as brain dead as the original 3c501 as well. The
driver checks for the NP943 I.D. and then just treats it as a 3c501
after that. See ``3Com 3c501'' for all the reasons as to why you
really don't want to use one of these cards.
5.33. Schneider & Koch
5.33.1. SK G16
Status: Supported, Driver Name: sk_g16
This driver was included into the v1.1 kernels, and it was written by
PJD Weichmann and SWS Bern. It appears that the SK G16 is similar to
the NI6510, in that it is based on the first edition LANCE chip (the
7990). Once again, it appears as though this card won't work with the
generic LANCE driver.
5.34. SEEQ
5.34.1. SEEQ 8005
Status: Supported, Driver Name: seeq8005
This driver was included into early 1.3.x kernels, and was written by
Hamish Coleman. There is little information about the card included
in the driver, and hence little information to be put here. If you
have a question, you are probably best off e-mailing
hamish@zot.apana.org.au
5.35. SMC (Standard Microsystems Corp.)
The ethernet part of Western Digital was bought out by SMC many years
ago when the wd8003 and wd8013 were the main product. Since then SMC
has continued making 8390 based ISA cards (Elite16, Ultra, EtherEZ)
and also added several PCI products to their range.
Contact information for SMC:
SMC / Standard Microsystems Corp., 80 Arkay Drive, Hauppage, New York,
11788, USA. Technical Support via phone: 800-992-4762 (USA) or
800-433-5345 (Canada) or 516-435-6250 (Other Countries). Literature
requests: 800-SMC-4-YOU (USA) or 800-833-4-SMC (Canada) or
516-435-6255 (Other Countries). Technical Support via E-mail:
techsupt@ccmail.west.smc.com. FTP Site: ftp.smc.com. WWW Site: SMC
<http://www.smc.com>.
5.35.1. WD8003, SMC Elite
Status: Supported, Driver Name: wd (+8390)
These are the 8-bit versions of the card. The 8 bit 8003 is slightly
less expensive, but only worth the savings for light use. Note that
some of the non-EEPROM cards (clones with jumpers, or old old old
wd8003 cards) have no way of reporting the IRQ line used. In this
case, auto-irq is used, and if that fails, the driver silently assings
IRQ 5. You can get the SMC setup/driver disks from SMC's ftp site.
Note that some of the newer SMC `SuperDisk' programs will fail to
detect the real old EEPROM-less cards. The file SMCDSK46.EXE seems to
be a good all-round choice. Also the jumper settings for all their
cards are in an ASCII text file in the aforementioned archive. The
latest (greatest?) version can be obtained from ftp.smc.com.
As these are basically the same as their 16 bit counterparts (WD8013 /
SMC Elite16), you should see the next section for more information.
5.35.2. WD8013, SMC Elite16
Status: Supported, Driver Name: wd (+8390)
Over the years the design has added more registers and an EEPROM. (The
first wd8003 cards appeared about ten years ago!) Clones usually go
by the `8013' name, and usually use a non-EEPROM (jumpered) design.
Late model SMC cards will have the SMC 83c690 chip instead of the
original Nat Semi DP8390 found on earlier cards. The shared memory
design makes the cards a bit faster than PIO cards, especially with
larger packets. More importantly, from the driver's point of view, it
avoids a few bugs in the programmed-I/O mode of the 8390, allows safe
multi-threaded access to the packet buffer, and it doesn't have a
programmed-I/O data register that hangs your machine during warm-boot
probes.
Non-EEPROM cards that can't just read the selected IRQ will attempt
auto-irq, and if that fails, they will silently assign IRQ 10. (8 bit
versions will assign IRQ 5)
Cards with a non standard amount of memory on board can have the
memory size specified at boot (or as an option in /etc/conf.modules if
using modules). The standard memory size is 8kB for an 8bit card and
16kB for a 16bit card. For example, the older WD8003EBT cards could
be jumpered for 32kB memory. To make full use of that RAM, you would
use something like (for I/O=0x280 and IRQ 9):
______________________________________________________________________
LILO: linux ether=9,0x280,0xd0000,0xd8000,eth0
______________________________________________________________________
Also see ``8013 problems'' for some of the more common problems and
frequently asked questions that pop up often.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
5.35.3. SMC Elite Ultra
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc-ultra (+8390)
This ethercard is based on the 83c790 chip from SMC, which has a few
new features over the 83c690. While it has a mode that is similar to
the older SMC ethercards, it's not entirely compatible with the old
WD80*3 drivers. However, in this mode it shares most of its code with
the other 8390 drivers, while operating slightly faster than a WD8013
clone.
Since part of the Ultra looks like an 8013, the Ultra probe is
supposed to find an Ultra before the wd8013 probe has a chance to
mistakenly identify it.
Donald mentioned that it is possible to write a separate driver for
the Ultra's `Altego' mode which allows chaining transmits at the cost
of inefficient use of receive buffers, but that will probably not
happen.
Bus-Master SCSI host adaptor users take note: In the manual that ships
with Interactive UNIX, it mentions that a bug in the SMC Ultra will
cause data corruption with SCSI disks being run from an aha-154X host
adaptor. This will probably bite aha-154X compatible cards, such as
the BusLogic boards, and the AMI-FastDisk SCSI host adaptors as well.
SMC has acknowledged the problem occurs with Interactive, and older
Windows NT drivers. It is a hardware conflict with early revisions of
the card that can be worked around in the driver design. The current
Ultra driver protects against this by only enabling the shared memory
during data transfers with the card. Make sure your kernel version is
at least 1.1.84, or that the driver version reported at boot is at
least smc-ultra.c:v1.12 otherwise you are vulnerable.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module you should
probably see ``Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules'' for module
specific information.
5.35.4. SMC Elite Ultra32 EISA
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc-ultra32 (+8390)
This EISA card shares a lot in common with its ISA counterpart. A
working (and stable) driver is included in both v2.0 and v2.2 kernels.
Thanks go to Leonard Zubkoff for purchasing some of these cards so
that linux support could be added for them.
5.35.5. SMC EtherEZ (8416)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc-ultra (+8390)
This card uses SMC's 83c795 chip and supports the Plug 'n Play
specification. It also has an SMC Ultra compatible mode, which allows
it to be used with the Linux Ultra driver. For best results, use the
SMC supplied program (avail. from their www/ftp site) to disable PnP
and configure it for shared memory mode. See the above information
for notes on the Ultra driver.
For v1.2 kernels, the card had to be configured for shared memory
operation. However v2.0 kernels can use the card in shared memory or
programmed I/O mode. Shared memory mode will be slightly faster, and
use less CPU resources as well.
5.35.6. SMC EtherPower PCI (8432)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
NB: The EtherPower II is an entirely different card. See below! These
cards are a basic DEC 21040 implementation, i.e. one big chip and a
couple of transceivers. Donald has used one of these cards for his
development of the generic 21040 driver (aka tulip.c). Thanks to Duke
Kamstra, once again, for supplying a card to do development on.
Some of the later revisons of this card use the newer DEC 21041 chip,
which may cause problems with older versions of the tulip driver. If
you have problems, make sure you are using the latest driver release,
which may not yet be included in the current kernel source tree.
See ``DEC 21040'' for more details on using one of these cards, and
the current status of the driver.
Apparently, the latest revision of the card, the EtherPower-II uses
the 9432 chip. It is unclear at the moment if this one will work with
the present driver. As always, if unsure, check that you can return
the card if it doesn't work with the linux driver before paying for
the card.
5.35.7. SMC EtherPower II PCI (9432)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: epic100
These cards, based upon the SMC 83c170 chip, are entirely different
than the Tulip based cards. A new driver has been included in kernels
v2.0 and v2.2 to support these cards. For more details, see:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/epic100.html
5.35.8. SMC 3008
Status: Not Supported.
These 8 bit cards are based on the Fujitsu MB86950, which is an
ancient version of the MB86965 used in the Linux at1700 driver. Russ
says that you could probably hack up a driver by looking at the
at1700.c code and his DOS packet driver for the Tiara card
(tiara.asm). They are not very common.
5.35.9. SMC 3016
Status: Not Supported.
These are 16bit I/O mapped 8390 cards, much similar to a generic
NE2000 card. If you can get the specifications from SMC, then porting
the NE2000 driver would probably be quite easy. They are not very
common.
5.35.10. SMC-9000 / SMC 91c92/4
Status: Supported, Driver Name: smc9194
The SMC9000 is a VLB card based on the 91c92 chip. The 91c92 appears
on a few other brand cards as well, but is fairly uncommon. Erik
Stahlman (erik@vt.edu) has written this driver which is in v2.0
kernels, but not in the older v1.2 kernels. You may be able to drop
the driver into a v1.2 kernel source tree with minimal difficulty.
5.35.11. SMC 91c100
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: smc9194
The SMC 91c92 driver is supposed to work for cards based on this
100Base-T chip, but at the moment this is unverified.
5.36. Texas Instruments
5.36.1. ThunderLAN
Status: Supported, Driver Name: tlan
This driver covers many Compaq built-in ethernet devices, including
the NetFlex and Netelligent groups. It also supports the Olicom 2183,
2185, 2325 and 2326 products.
5.37. Thomas Conrad
5.37.1. Thomas Conrad TC-5048
This is yet another PCI card that is based on DEC's 21040 chip.
See the section on the 21040 chip (``DEC 21040'') for more
information.
5.38. VIA
You probably won't see a VIA networking card, as VIA make several
networking chips that are then used by others in the construction of
an ethernet card. They have a WWW site at:
http://www.via.com.tw/
5.38.1. VIA 86C926 Amazon
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
This controller chip is VIA's PCI-NE2000 offering. You can choose
between the ISA/PCI ne.c driver or the PCI-only ne2k-pci.c driver. See
the PCI-NE2000 section for more details.
5.38.2. VIA 86C100A Rhine II (and 3043 Rhine I)
Status Supported, Driver Name: via-rhine
This relatively new driver can be found in current 2.0 and 2.1
kernels. It is an improvement over the 86C926 NE2000 chip in that it
supports bus master transfers, but strict 32 bit buffer alignment
requirements limit the benefit gained from this. For more details and
driver updates, see:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/via-rhine.html
5.39. Western Digital
Please see ``SMC'' for information on SMC cards. (SMC bought out
Western Digital's network card section many years ago.)
5.40. Winbond
Winbond don't really make and sell complete cards to the general
public -- instead they make single chip ethernet solutions that other
companies buy, stick onto a PCI board with their own name and then
sell through retail stores.
5.40.1. Winbond 89c840
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: winbond-840
This driver isn't currently shipped with the kernel, as it is in the
testing phase. It is available at:
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/test/winbond-840.c
5.40.2. Winbond 89c940
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
This chip is one of the two commonly found on the low price PCI ne2000
cards sold by lots of manufacturers. Note that this is still a 10+
year old design just glued onto a PCI bus. Performance won't be
staggeringly better than the equivalent ISA model.
5.41. Xircom
For the longest time, Xircom wouldn't release the programming
information required to write a driver, unless you signed your life
away. Apparently enough linux users have pestered them for driver
support (they claim to support all popular networking operating
systems...) so that they have changed their policy to allow
documentation to be released without having to sign a non-disclosure
agreement. Some people have said they they will release the source
code to the SCO driver, while others have been told that they are no
longer providing information on `obsolete' products like the earlier
PE models. If you are interested and want to check into this
yourself, you can reach Xircom at 1-800-874-7875, 1-800-438-4526 or
+1-818-878-7600.
5.41.1. Xircom PE1, PE2, PE3-10B*
Status: Not Supported.
Not to get your hopes up, but if you have one of these parallel port
adaptors, you may be able to use it in the DOS emulator with the
Xircom-supplied DOS drivers. You will have to allow DOSEMU access to
your parallel port, and will probably have to play with SIG (DOSEMU's
Silly Interrupt Generator).
5.41.2. Xircom PCMCIA Cards
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ????
Some of the Xircom PCMCIA card(s) have drivers that are available with
David Hinds PCMCIA package. Check there for the most up to date
indformation
5.42. Zenith
5.42.1. Z-Note
Status: Supported, Driver Name: znet
The built-in Z-Note network adaptor is based on the Intel i82593 using
two DMA channels. There is an (alpha?) driver available in the present
kernel version. As with all notebook and pocket adaptors, it is under
the `Pocket and portable adaptors' section when running make config.
Also note that the IBM ThinkPad 300 is compatible with the Z-Note.
5.43. Znyx
5.43.1. Znyx ZX342 (DEC 21040 based)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
You have a choice of two drivers for cards based on this chip. There
is the DE425 driver written by David, and the generic 21040 driver
that Donald has written.
Note that as of 1.1.91, David has added a compile time option that may
allow non-DEC cards (such as the Znyx cards) to work with this driver.
Have a look at README.de4x5 for details.
See ``DEC 21040'' for more information on these cards, and the present
driver situation.
5.44. Identifying an Unknown Card
Okay, so your uncle's cousin's neighbour's friend had a brother who
found an old ISA ethernet card in the AT case he was using as a cage
for his son's pet hampster. Somehow you ended up with the card and
want to try and use it with linux, but nobody has a clue what the card
is and there isn't any documentation.
First of all, look for any obvious model numbers that might give a
clue. Any model number that contains 2000 will most likely be a NE2000
clone. Any cards with 8003 or 8013 on them somewhere will be
Western/Digital WD80x3 cards or SMC Elite cards or clones of them.
5.44.1. Identifying the Network Interface Controller
Look for the biggest chip on the card. This will be the network
controller (NIC) itself, and most can be identified by the part
number. If you know which NIC is on the card, the following might be
able to help you figure out what card it is.
Probably still the most common NIC is the National Semiconductor
DP8390 aka NS32490 aka DP83901 aka DP83902 aka DP83905 aka DP83907.
And those are just the ones made by National! Other companies such as
Winbond and UMC make DP8390 and DP83905 clone parts, such as the
Winbond 89c904 (DP83905 clone) and the UMC 9090. If the card has some
form of 8390 on it, then chances are it is a ne1000 or ne2000 clone
card. The second most common 8390 based card are wd80x3 cards and
clones. Cards with a DP83905 can be configured to be an ne2000 or a
wd8013. Never versions of the genuine wd80x3 and SMC Elite cards have
an 83c690 in place of the original DP8390. The SMC Ultra cards have an
83c790, and use a slightly different driver than the wd80x3 cards.
The SMC EtherEZ cards have an 83c795, and use the same driver as the
SMC Ultra. All BNC cards based on some sort of 8390 or 8390 clone will
usually have an 8392 (or 83c692, or ???392) 16 pin DIP chip very close
to the BNC connector.
Another common NIC found on older cards is the Intel i82586. Cards
having this NIC include the 3c505, 3c507, 3c523, Intel EtherExpress-
ISA, Microdyne Exos-205T, and the Racal-Interlan NI5210.
The original AMD LANCE NIC was numbered AM7990, and newer revisions
include the 79c960, 79c961, 79c965, 79c970, and 79c974. Most cards
with one of the above will work with the Linux LANCE driver, with the
exception of the old Racal-Interlan NI6510 cards that have their own
driver.
Newer PCI cards having a DEC 21040, 21041, 21140, or similar number on
the NIC should be able to use the linux tulip or de4x5 driver.
Other PCI cards having a big chip marked RTL8029 or 89C940 or 86C926
are ne2000 clone cards, and the ne driver in linux version v2.0 and up
should automatically detect these cards at boot.
5.44.2. Identifying the Ethernet Address
Each ethernet card has its own six byte address that is unique to that
card. The first three bytes of that address are the same for each card
made by that particular manufacturer. For example all SMC cards start
with 00:00:c0. The last three are assigned by the manufacturer
uniquely to each individual card as they are produced.
If your card has a sticker on it giving all six bits of its address,
you can look up the vendor from the first three. However it is more
common to see only the last three bytes printed onto a sticker
attached to a socketed PROM, which tells you nothing.
You can determine which vendors have which assigned addresses from
RFC-1340. Apparently there is a more up to date listing available in
various places as well. Try a WWW or FTP search for EtherNet-codes or
Ethernet-codes and you will find something.
5.44.3. Tips on Trying to Use an Unknown Card
If you are still not sure what the card is, but have at least narrowed
it down some, then you can build a kernel with a whole bunch of
drivers included, and see if any of them autodetect the card at boot.
If the kernel doesn't detect the card, it may be that the card is not
configured to one of the addresses that the driver probes when looking
for a card. In this case, you might want to try getting
scanport.tar.gz from your local linux ftp site, and see if that can
locate where your card is jumpered for. It scans ISA I/O space from
0x100 to 0x3ff looking for devices that aren't registered in
/proc/ioports. If it finds an unknown device starting at some
particular address, you can then explicity point the ethernet probes
at that address with an ether= boot argument.
If you manage to get the card detected, you can then usually figure
out the unknown jumpers by changing them one at a time and seeing at
what I/O base and IRQ that the card is detected at. The IRQ settings
can also usually be determined by following the traces on the back of
the card to where the jumpers are soldered through. Counting the `gold
fingers' on the backside, from the end of the card with the metal
bracket, you have IRQ 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 10, 11, 12, 15, 14 at fingers
4, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 respectively. Eight bit
cards only have up to finger 31.
Jumpers that appear to do nothing usually are for selecting the memory
address of an optional boot ROM. Other jumpers that are located near
the BNC or RJ-45 or AUI connectors are usually to select the output
media. These are also typically near the `black box' voltage
converters marked YCL, Valor, or Fil-Mag.
A nice collection of jumper settings for various cards can be found at
the following URL:
Ethercard Settings <http://www.slug.org.au/NIC/>
5.45. Drivers for Non-Ethernet Devices
There are a few other drivers that are in the linux source that
present an ethernet-like device to network programs, while not really
being ethernet. These are briefly listed here for completeness.
dummy.c - The purpose of this driver is to provide a device to point a
route through, but not to actually transmit packets.
eql.c - Load Equalizer, enslaves multiple devices (usually modems) and
balances the Tx load across them while presenting a single device to
the network programs.
ibmtr.c - IBM Token Ring, which is not really ethernet. Broken-Ring
requires source routing and other uglies.
loopback.c - Loopback device, for which all packets from your machine
and destined for your own machine go. It essentially just moves the
packet off the Tx queue and onto the Rx queue.
pi2.c - Ottawa Amateur Radio Club PI and PI2 interface.
plip.c - Parallel Line Internet Protocol, allows two computers to send
packets to each other over two joined parallel ports in a point-to-
point fashion.
ppp.c - Point-to-Point Protocol (RFC1331), for the Transmission of
Multi-protocol Datagrams over a Point-to-Point Link (again usually
modems).
slip.c - Serial Line Internet Protocol, allows two computers to send
packets to each other over two joined serial ports (usually via
modems) in a point-to-point fashion.
tunnel.c - Provides an IP tunnel through which you can tunnel network
traffic transparently across subnets
wavelan.c - An Ethernet-like radio transceiver controlled by the Intel
82586 coprocessor which is used on other ethercards such as the Intel
EtherExpress.
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comp.dcom.lans.ethernetÀÇ FAQ¿¡´Â ÄÉÀ̺íÀ̳ª ±×·±°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¸¹Àº
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6.1. Thin Ethernet (thinnet)
Thin ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» º°·Î ºñ½ÎÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
solid-core RG58A¸¦ ¸¸µç ´Ù¸é, 0.27/mÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Ç¥ÁØ RG58AU´Â
0.45/mÀÌ´Ù. ²¿ÀÎ BNC Ä¿³ØÅÍ´Â °³´ç 2°¡ µÇÁö¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹°Ç°µéµµ °¡°ÝÀº
ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. °¢ ÄÉÀ̺íÀÇ ³¡¿¡´Â 50¿ÈÂ¥¸® ÅÍ¹Ì³× ÀÌÅÍ·Î ¸·¾ÆÁÖ¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥,
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½ÖÀ¸·Î °³´ç 2ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ `»Ñ¸®'°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÉÀ̺íÀº ¾µ¼ö
¾ø´Ù -- `T' Ä¿³ØÅÍ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
thinnetÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â µÎ°¡Áö ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ù°´Â ±× ¼Óµµ°¡ 10Mb/sec
±îÁö Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖ´Ù ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù - ²¿ÀÓ¼±Àº 100Mb/sec ±îÁö µÈ´Ù. µÎ¹ø°
´ÜÁ¡Àº ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸Ó½ÅµéÀÌ Å« ·çÇÁ¸¦ ¸¸µé¸ç ¿¬°á½ÃÄ×´Ù¸é, ¸î¸î
¸ÛûÀÌ°¡ ±× Ƽ(T Ä¿³ØÅÍ:¿ªÀÚÁÖ) ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» ¶¼¾î³»¼ ·çÇÁ¸¦
±úÆ®¸®°í, 50¿È Å͹̳×ÀÌÅÍÀÇ ¿ë·®´ë½Å ¹«ÇÑ´ëÀÇ Àü±âÀúÇ× (°³¹æÇü
ȸ·Î)À¸·Î Àüü ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Àüü ¼ºê³ÝÀ»
Á×ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í Ä«µå¿¡¼ Ƽ Á¶°¢À» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ ´õ¶óµµ, ¿À·§µ¿¾È Ƽ¿¡¼
ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó. ¹°·Ð ½ÇÁ¦ Ƽ¿¡¼ ÄÉÀ̺í À»
¶¼¾î³»¸é¼ ¸Ó½ÅÀ» ¹æÇØÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 8-) ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µÎ ¸Ó½ÅÀ¸·Î
±¸¼ºµÈ ÀÛÀº ³×Æ® ¿öÅ©·Î ÇÑ´ÙÇصµ, ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Ƽ¿Í 50¿È Å͹̳×ÀÌÅÍ°¡
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. -- ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Àý´ë·Î ÄÉ À̺í°ú Ä«µå¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù!
¶ÇÇÑ ´Ü ÇÑ°¡´Ú ¼±¸¸ Ä«µå¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¸î¸î ¸ÚÁø ÄÉÀ̺í
½Ã½ºÅÛµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â µÎ°¡´Ú ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» ³³ÀÌ µû·Î µû·Î ³ª´©°í
¿ÜºÎ ²®Áú·Î ½Î¿©Á® ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, Ÿ¿øÇüÀÇ ±³Â÷ºÎºÐÀº ³³À¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
·çÇÁÀÇ µ¹¾Æ¿À´Â ÁöÁ¡¿¡´Â, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â BNC Ä¿³ØÅÍ°¡ ³ª´©¾î
Áø´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº µÎ¼±ÀÇ ÄÉÀ̺í°ú BNC T¸¦ °¡Áø °Í°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ
°æ¿ì¿¡´Â, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ƼÀÇ ÇÑÂÊ¿¡¼ ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç,
³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
6.2. ²¿ÀÓ¼±
²¿ÀÓ¼± ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î 50ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Â Çãºê°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í, ÄÉÀÌºí¸¸ÀÇ °¡°Ýµµ
thinnetº¸ ´Ù ³ô´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Àüȼ±À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸ç ¼ö¸¹Àº ºÒ¸¸À»
¹«½ÃÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×·±°ÍÀº ÀÌÁ¦ °ÅÀÇ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥¸»·Î Çϸé, ¸ðµç 100Mb/sec ÀÌ´õ³Ý °èȹµéÀº ²¿ÀÓ¼±À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í,
±â¾÷¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ´Â »õ·Î¿î °ÍµéÀº ²¿ÀÓ¼±À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Russ NelsonÀº
`»õ·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀº Ä«Å×°í¸® 5 ¼±À» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß µÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀº ¿©·¯
ºÐÀÇ ¼³Ä¡ÀÚµéÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ³¶ºñÇϱ⸸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, 100Base-¹«¾ùÀ̵ç
Ä«Å×°í¸® 5°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ´Ù.'¶ó°í ´õÇß´Ù.
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2 µ¥ÀÌŸ Ãâ·Â(-)
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6 µ¥ÀÌŸ ÀÔ·Â (-)
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±ØÀÇ ¹Ù²Þ¾øÀÌ, `A'ÀÇ ÀÔ·ÂÀº `B'ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀÌ µÇ°í `A'ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº `B'ÀÇ
ÀÔ·ÂÀÌ µÇ°Ô ¸¸µé¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 1A¸¦ 3B·Î(AÀÇ +Ãâ·ÂÀ» BÀÇ +ÀÔ·ÂÀ¸·Î)
±×¸®°í 2A¸¦ 6B·Î(AÀÇ -Ãâ·ÂÀ» BÀÇ -ÀÔ·ÂÀ¸·Î) ¿¬°áÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ ¼±Àº
¹Ýµå½Ã ²¿ÀÓ¼±À̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ä«µå/Ç÷¯±× `A'ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº Ä«µå/Ç÷¯±× `B'ÀÇ
ÀÔ·ÂÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ 3A¸¦ 1B¿¡(AÀÇ +ÀÔ·ÂÀ» BÀÇ +Ãâ·ÂÀ¸·Î)
±×¸®°í ¶Ç 6A¸¦ 2B¿¡(AÀÇ -ÀÔ·ÂÀ» BÀÇ -Ãâ·ÂÀ¸·Î) ¿¬°áÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ
µÎ¹ø°°Íµµ ²¿ÀÓ¼±À̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ä«µå/Ç÷¯±× `A'ÀÇ ÀÔ·ÂÀº Ä«µå/Ç÷¯±×
`B'ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¼öÁ¤ Äڵ带 »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±× ³¡À» ÂÉ°³¼,
»õ Ç÷¯±×¾È¿¡ Rx ¿Í TX ²¿ÀÓ¼±ÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°í, ²¿¾Æ³»¸®¸é, `³Î'
ÄÉÀ̺íÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¹ÀâÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇÑ Ä«µåÀÇ Tx ½ÅÈ£¸¦
µÎ¹ø° ±×¸®°í ±× ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Rx ·Î º¸³»·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
10BaseT°¡ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ½ÂÀεDZâÀü¿¡, À§¿Í °°Àº ¼±±¸Á¶·Î, RJ-45 Ä¿³ØÅ͸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿ö Å© Æ÷¸ËµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. SynOpticsÀÇ LattisNet°ú
AT&TÀÇ StarLANÀÌ ±× ¿¹´Ù. ¸î¸î °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, (Ãʱâ 3C503 Ä«µå°°Àº) Ä«µå°¡
´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ Çãºê¿Í Åë½ÅÇϱâ À§Çؼ Á¡ÆÛ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ÀÌ·± ±¸Çü ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Çü½ÄÀ» À§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Ä«µåµéÀº Ç¥ÁØ 10BaseT
³×Æ®¿öÅ©/Çã ºêµé°ú ÇÔ²² Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. (¸¸ÀÏ ±× Ä«µåµéÀÌ AUI
Æ÷Æ®µµ °®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, AUI ¿Í 10BaseT ´ÜÀÚ·Î ¿¬°áÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ
ÀÌÀ¯µµ ¾ø´Ù.)
6.3. Thick Ethernet
Thick ÀÌ´õ³ÝÀº °¡Àå ¾µ¸ð¾øÀ¸¸ç, ´ÜÁö ±âÁ¸ ¼³ºñµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È£È¯À» À§ÇØ
³²°ÜÁ® »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº 3Â¥¸® N-to-BNC Ä¿³ØÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ thick
°ú thin ÀÌ´õ³ÝÀ» ÇÔ²² ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© È®Àå½Ãų¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ
thicknetÀ» È®ÀåÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°æ¿ì¿¡ ¿ø·¡ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ (ÇÏÁö¸¸
ºñ½Ñ) ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ¸®ÇÇÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
7. ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Á¤°ú Ä«µå Á¡°Ë
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡, ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î·Î ¼³Á¤À» ÇÏ°í EEPROM¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù¸é,
¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¸Åë DOS·Î ºÎÆÃÇؼ, ÆǸÅÀÚ°¡ Á¦°øÇÑ DOS ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇؼ
Ä«µåÀÇ IRQ, I/O, mem_addrµîÀ» Á¤ÇÒ·Á ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, ¿îÁÁ°Ôµµ
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ü Çѹø¸¸ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä«µå¿ë DOS
¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå Á¦Á¶¾÷üÀÇ WWW »çÀÌÆ®¸¦
ã¾Æº¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. »çÀÌÆ®ÀÇ À̸§À» ¸ð¸¥´Ù¸é, ÃßÃøÇغ¸¶ó. Áï.
`www.ÆǸÅÀÚ.com', ¿©±â¼ `ÆǸÅÀÚ'´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå Á¦Á¶¾÷ü À̸§À»
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Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.
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Donald´Â ¸®´ª½ºÇÏ¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â Á¶±Ý ÀÛÀº Ä«µå Á¡°Ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ»
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°á°ú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ¸ÚÁø ¸Þ´º¹æ½ÄÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ±â´ëÇÏÁö´Â ¸»¶ó. ±×µé
´ëºÎºÐÀº »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ ±× ¼Ò½º Äڵ带 Àоî¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
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/proc/net/dev¸¦ Ãļ ¸î°¡Áö Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò¾î³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. -- Àû¾îµµ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä«µå°¡ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ã¾ÆÁ³´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, À̵é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» root·Î »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í(Æ÷Æ® ÀÔÃâ·ÂÀ»
Çã¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ), ¾Æ ¸¶µµ ±×·¸°Ô Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ¿ì¼±Àº ifconfig eth0 down¸¦
Ãļ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ ´Ý¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
7.1. ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé
7.1.1. WD80x3 Ä«µåµé
wd80x3 Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¸®´ª½º ftp »çÀÌÆ®»ó¿¡¼
wdsetup-06a.tar.gz ¾ÈÀÇ wdsetup¸¦ ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº
½ÇÁ¦·Î À¯ÁöµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿À·£µ¿¾È °»½ÅµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Á¦´ë·Î
ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÁÖÁÁ°í, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â DOS
¹öÀüÀ» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ DOS ¹öÀüÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, SMCÀÇ ftp
»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ SMC ¼³Ä¡/µå¶óÀ̹ö µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ÀÌ
À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â EEPROM Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
¿À·¡µÈ, ±¸Çü wd8003 Ä«µéµé, ±×¸®°í ¸î¸î wd8013 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº Ä«µå¼³Á¤½Ã
Á¡ÆÛ¸¦ »ç¿ë Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
7.1.2. Digital / DEC Ä«µåµé
Digital EtherWorks 3 Ä«µå´Â DOS ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÎ NICSETUP.EXE¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ
¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. David C. Davies°¡ ¸¸µç EtherWorks 3¿ë ¿©·¯
ÅøµéÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö¿Í ÇÕÃÄÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Áö¿ª ¸®´ª½º FTP »çÀÌÆ®ÀÇ
/pub/linux/system/Network/management µð·º Å丮¾È¿¡ ewrk3tools-
X.XX.tar.gz¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ÈÀϵéÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
7.1.3. NE2000+ ¶Ç´Â AT/LANTIC Ä«µåµé
¸î¸î Nat Semi DP83905 Á¦Ç°µé (AT/LANTIC ¿Í NE2000+ °°Àº)Àº
¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (ÀÌ Ä«µåµéµµ wd8013 Ä«µå¸¦ ¿¡¹Ä·¹ÀÌÆ®ÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó!) ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov¿¡ ÀÖ´Â DonaldÀÇ
ftp ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ÀÌ Ä«µå¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ /pub/linux/setup/atlantic.c
ÈÀÏÀ» °¡Á®¿Ã¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Kingston DP83905 Ä«µå¿ë ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº
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Çϱâ Àü¿¡´Â ÆǸÅÀÚÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»çÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ URLÀ»
µû¶ó°¡¼ 20XX12.EXE¿Í INFOSET.EXE ¸¦ °¡Á®¿À¶ó. Kingston Software
<http://www.kingston.com/download/etherx/etherx.htm>
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸ÀÏ À߸øµÈ ¼³Á¤°ªÀ» ÁÖ¸é ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î,
NE2000+Ä«µåÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº Á¶½É Ç϶ó. ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¿¹·Î EEPROM ³»ÀÇ ºÎÆ®
·ÒÀÌ(¸¶Ä¡ ROMÀÌ ¾ø´Â°Íó·³ VGA Ä«µå ¼³Á¤ ³»¿ë°ú Ãæµ¹À» ÀÏÀ¸Å³¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ Ä×À» ¶§ »à¼Ò¸®°¡ ³ª°í ȸ鿡´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ
³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î º¹±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸Ó½Å¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦
Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í, ºÎÆÃÇؼ CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. `Display Adapter' Ç׸ñÀ» `Not
Installed'·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í ±âº» ºÎÆà µå¶óÀÌ ºê¸¦ `A:'(¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ç÷ÎÇÇ
µå¶óÀ̺ê)·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù. ¶Ç `Wait for F1 if any Error'¸¦ `Disabled' ·Î
¹Ù²Û´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϸé ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ °£¼·¾øÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦
ºÎÆð¡´ÉÇÑ DOS Ç÷ΠÇǸ¦ ¸¸µé°í (`format a: /s /u') À§ ¾ÆÄ«À̺ê
20XX12.EXE¿¡¼ default.exe ¸¦ Ç÷ÎÇÇ·Î º¹»çÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± ÈÄ¿¡ echo
default > a:autoexec.bat¶ó°í Ä¡¸é ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÌ ÀÌ Ç÷ÎÇÇ·Î ºÎÆÃÇßÀ»¶§
ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇؼ Ä«µå¸¦ ±âº»¼³Á¤À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î³õ´Â´Ù. ¸Ó½ÅÀ» ²ô°í,
ne2000+ Ä«µå¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¼³Ä¡ÇÑÈÄ, »õ ºÎÆ® Ç÷ÎÇǸ¦ ³Ö°í, ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ÄÒ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷
¿©ÀüÈ÷ »à¼Ò ¸®°¡ ³ª°ÚÁö¸¸, °á±¹¿¡´Â Ç÷ÎÇÇ·Î ºÎÆÃµÇ¸é¼ Ç÷ÎÇÇ¿¡ ºÒÀÌ
µé¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ç÷ÎÇÇ°¡ ¸ØÃ⶧±îÁö ÇÑ 1-2ºÐÀ» ±â´Ù¸°
ÈÄ, default.exe ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ³¡³µ´Ù°í ¾Ë ·ÁÁö¸é ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦
³»¸°´Ù. ´Ù½Ã Ä×À» ¶§, Á¦´ë·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â ȸéÀ» º¸°ÔµÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ CMOS
¼³Á¤À» µ¹·Á³õÀºµÚ, Ä«µåÀÇ EEPROM ¼³Á¤À» ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¸é
µÈ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ DOS Ç÷ÎÇǸ¦ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸é, default.exe ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ
ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â DOS ºÎÆà µð½ºÅ© ´ë½Å¿¡, À§ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷µéÀÌ ¸®´ª½º
ºÎÆ® µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ÀÚµ¿ ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â DonaldÀÇ atlantic ÇÁ·Î±×·¥(¿Ã¹Ù¸¥
¸í·ÉÇà Àüȯ°ú ÇÔ²²)À» ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
7.1.4. 3Com Ä«µåµé
3Com Etherlink III °è¿ÀÇ Ä«µåµé(Áï, 3c5x9)Àº DonaldÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¼³Á¤
À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov¿¡
ÀÖ´Â /pub/linux/setup/3c5x9setup.c ÈÀÏÀ» ±¸Çؼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ä«µåµéÀ»
¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (DOS 3c5x9B ¼³Á¤ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼´Â Etherlink III °è¿ÀÇ
»õ·Î¿î ``B'' ½Ã¸®Áî¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¿É¼ÇµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó.)
7.2. ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¡°Ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé
Donald°¡ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¡°Ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀº ÀÌ URL¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Ethercard Diagnostics
<ftp://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/linux/diag/index.html>
Allied Telesis AT1700 -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/at1700.c¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
Cabletron E21XX -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov»óÀÇ /pub/linux/diag/e21.c¸¦
ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
HP PCLAN+ -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov»óÀÇ /pub/linux/diag/hp+.c¸¦
ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
Intel EtherExpress -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/eexpress.c¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
NE2000 Ä«µåµé -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov»óÀÇ /pub/linux/diag/ne2k.c¸¦
ã¾Æº¸¶ó. °Å±â¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ NE2000-PCI ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀ» À§ÇÑ
PCI ¹öÀüµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
RealTek (ATP) Pocket adaptor -- cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov»óÀÇ
/pub/linux/diag/atp-diag.c¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç Ä«µåµé -- cat /proc/net/dev ¿Í dmesg ¶ó°í Ä¡°í Áú¹®¿¡¼
Ä«µå¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ °¡Áø À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö º¸¶ó.
8. ±â¼úÀû Á¤º¸
ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Ä«µå°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛµ¿Çϴ°¡¸¦ Á¶±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ ´õ ÀÌÇØÇÏ±æ ¿øÇϰųª,
ÇöÀç µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ³î°Å³ª ÇöÀç Áö¿øµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Ä«µåÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸¸µé·Á°í ÇÏ´ÂÀ̵鿡°Ô ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ë ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ
Ä«Å×°í¸®¿¡ ºüÁ®µé±â ½È´Ù¸é ÀÌ ÀåÀ» ³Ñ¾î°¡µµ µÈ´Ù.
8.1. Programmed I/O vs. °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® vs. DMA
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹éÅõ¹é ÆÐŶµéÀ» º¸³»°í ¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¼±À» ÅëÇØ ´õ
¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ³ÖÀ»¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¸ðµç Çö´ëÀûÀÎ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå´Â ¹éÅõ¹é ÆÐŶµéÀ»
¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ DP8390 µå¶óÀ̹öµé (wd80x3, SMC-Ultra, 3c503,
ne2000, µîµî)Àº ¹éÅõ¹é ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¸Å¿ì Àß º¸³»°í(ÇöÀçÀÇ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®
´ë±â½Ã°£¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù) 3c509¿Í AT1500 Çϵå¿þ¾î´Â ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¹éÅõ¹é
ÆÐŶµéÀ» º¸³»´Âµ¥ ÀüÇô ¹® Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
ISA ¹ö½º´Â 5.3MB/sec (42Mb/sec)ÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ °¡Áú¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 10Mbps
ÀÌ´õ³Ý¿¡´Â ÃæºÐÇØ º¸ÀδÙ. 100Mbps Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ´ë¿ªÆøÀÇ
ÀÌÁ¡À» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â ´õ ºü¸¥ ¹ö½º°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù.
8.1.1. Programmed I/O (e.g. NE2000, 3c509)
Pro: ¾î¶°ÇÑ °Á¦ÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÀÚ¿øÀÇ »ç¿ëµµ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶±ÝÀÇ I/O
·¹Áö½ºÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, 16M Á¦ÇÑÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Con: º¸Åë Àü¼Û·üÀÌ °¡Àå ´À¸®°í, CPU´Â Ç×»ó ±â´Ù·Á¾ßÇϸç, ³¢¾îµç ÆÐŶ¿¡
´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀº º¸Åë Èûµé°Å³ª ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
8.1.2. °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® (e.g. WD80x3, SMC-Ultra, 3c503)
Pro: °£´ÜÇÏ°í, programmed I/O º¸´Ù ºü¸£¸ç, ÆÐŶµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀÛÀ§ Á¢±ÙÀÌ
Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¾îµð¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ³Ä¸é, ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ µé¾î¿Â IP ÆÐŶµéÀÌ
Ä«µå¿¡¼ º¹»çµÇ¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀÇ Ã¼Å©¼¶À» °è »êÇÏ°í, ±×·ÎÀÎÇØ µ¿±ÞÀÇ PIO
Ä«µå¿¡ ºñÇØ CPU Á¡À¯À²ÀÌ Àû¾îÁø´Ù.
Con: ¸Þ¸ð¸® °ø°£À» »ç¿ëÇϸç (DOS »ç¿ëÀڵ鿡°Ô´Â ¸Å¿ì Å«°ÅÁö¸¸,
¸®´ª½º»ó¿¡¼´Â Ưº°È÷ ¹®Á¦ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù), ±×¸®°í ¿©ÀüÈ÷ CPU¸¦ Àâ¾ÆµÐ´Ù.
8.1.3. Slave (normal) Direct Memory Access (e.g. ¸®´ª½º¿¡´Â ¾ø´Ù!)
Pro: ½ÇÁ¦ µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼Û½Ã¿¡´Â CPU ¸¦ ³õ¾ÆÁØ´Ù.
Con: °æ°è¼± »óŸ¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¹öÆÛµéÀ» Àç¹èÄ¡Çϸç, DMA
¸®Áö½ºÅ͵éÀ» ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç ±â¼úµéÁß¿¡ °¡Àå ´À¸®´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ
DMA ä³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸç, Àú¼öÁØ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¹öÆÛÀÇ Á¤·ÄÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
8.1.4. Bus Master Direct Memory Access (e.g. LANCE, DEC 21040)
Pro: µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼ÛÁß¿¡´Â CPU°¡ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ì¸ç, ¹öÆÛµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¹è¿ÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ISA ¹ö½º»ó¿¡¼ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶±ÝÀ̳ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é CPU½Ã°£À» ÀüÇô
ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹ö½º ¸¶½º Å͸µ ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº
ÇöÀç `Ä«ÇǺ극ÀÌÅ©' ±¸Á¶¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ä«µå°¡ Å« ÆÐŶµéÀ» Ä¿³Î
³×Æ®¿öÅ· ¹öÆÛ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ³Ö´Â Àå¼ÒÀÌ°í, ÀÛÀº ÆÐŶµéÀº CPU°¡ º¹»çÇÔÀ¸·Î¼
ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÁøÇàµÇ´Â ij½Ã¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
Con: (ISA ¹ö½º Ä«µåµé¿¡¸¸ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù) Ä«µå¿¡´Â Àú¼öÁØ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¹öÆÛ¿Í
DMAä³ÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Any bus-master will have problems with other bus-
masters that are bus-hogs, such as some primitive SCSI adaptors. A few
badly-designed motherboard chipsets have problems with bus-masters.
And a reason for not using any type of DMA device is using a 486
processor designed for plug-in replacement of a 386: these processors
must flush their cache with each DMA cycle. (This includes the
Cx486DLC, Ti486DLC, Cx486SLC, Ti486SLC, etc.)
8.2. Writing a Driver
The only thing that one needs to use an ethernet card with Linux is
the appropriate driver. For this, it is essential that the
manufacturer will release the technical programming information to the
general public without you (or anyone) having to sign your life away.
A good guide for the likelihood of getting documentation (or, if you
aren't writing code, the likelihood that someone else will write that
driver you really, really need) is the availability of the Crynwr (nee
Clarkson) packet driver. Russ Nelson runs this operation, and has been
very helpful in supporting the development of drivers for Linux. Net-
surfers can try this URL to look up Russ' software.
Russ Nelson's Packet Drivers <http://www.crynwr.com/crynwr/home.html>
Given the documentation, you can write a driver for your card and use
it for Linux (at least in theory). Keep in mind that some old
hardware that was designed for XT type machines will not function very
well in a multitasking environment such as Linux. Use of these will
lead to major problems if your network sees a reasonable amount of
traffic.
Most cards come with drivers for MS-DOS interfaces such as NDIS and
ODI, but these are useless for Linux. Many people have suggested
directly linking them in or automatic translation, but this is nearly
impossible. The MS-DOS drivers expect to be in 16 bit mode and hook
into `software interrupts', both incompatible with the Linux kernel.
This incompatibility is actually a feature, as some Linux drivers are
considerably better than their MS-DOS counterparts. The `8390' series
drivers, for instance, use ping-pong transmit buffers, which are only
now being introduced in the MS-DOS world.
(Ping-pong Tx buffers means using at least 2 max-size packet buffers
for Tx packets. One is loaded while the card is transmitting the
other. The second is then sent as soon as the first finished, and so
on. In this way, most cards are able to continuously send back-to-back
packets onto the wire.)
OK. So you have decided that you want to write a driver for the Foobar
Ethernet card, as you have the programming information, and it hasn't
been done yet. (...these are the two main requirements ;-) You should
start with the skeleton network driver that is provided with the Linux
kernel source tree. It can be found in the file
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/skeleton.c in all recent kernels. Also
have a look at the Kernel Hackers Guide, at the following URL: KHG
<http://www.redhat.com:8080/HyperNews/get/khg.html>
8.3. Driver interface to the kernel
Here are some notes on the functions that you would have to write if
creating a new driver. Reading this in conjunction with the above
skeleton driver may help clear things up.
8.3.1. Probe
Called at boot to check for existence of card. Best if it can check
un-obtrsively by reading from memory, etc. Can also read from I/O
ports. Initial writing to I/O ports in a probe is not good as it may
kill another device. Some device initialization is usually done here
(allocating I/O space, IRQs,filling in the dev->??? fields etc.) You
need to know what io ports/mem the card can be configured to, how to
enable shared memory (if used) and how to select/enable interrupt
generation, etc.
8.3.2. Interrupt handler
Called by the kernel when the card posts an interrupt. This has the
job of determining why the card posted an interrupt, and acting
accordingly. Usual interrupt conditions are data to be rec'd, transmit
completed, error conditions being reported. You need to know any
relevant interrupt status bits so that you can act accordingly.
8.3.3. Transmit function
Linked to dev->hard_start_xmit() and is called by the kernel when
there is some data that the kernel wants to put out over the device.
This puts the data onto the card and triggers the transmit. You need
to know how to bundle the data and how to get it onto the card (shared
memory copy, PIO transfer, DMA?) and in the right place on the card.
Then you need to know how to tell the card to send the data down the
wire, and (possibly) post an interrupt when done. When the hardware
can't accept additional packets it should set the dev->tbusy flag.
When additional room is available, usually during a transmit-complete
interrupt, dev->tbusy should be cleared and the higher levels informed
with mark_bh(INET_BH).
8.3.4. Receive function
Called by the kernel interrupt handler when the card reports that
there is data on the card. It pulls the data off the card, packages it
into a sk_buff and lets the kernel know the data is there for it by
doing a netif_rx(sk_buff). You need to know how to enable interrupt
generation upon Rx of data, how to check any relevant Rx status bits,
and how to get that data off the card (again sh mem, PIO, DMA, etc.)
8.3.5. Open function
linked to dev->open and called by the networking layers when somebody
does ifconfig eth0 up - this puts the device on line and enables it
for Rx/Tx of data. Any special initialization incantations that were
not done in the probe sequence (enabling IRQ generation, etc.) would
go in here.
8.3.6. Close function (optional)
This puts the card in a sane state when someone does ifconfig eth0
down. It should free the IRQs and DMA channels if the hardware
permits, and turn off anything that will save power (like the
transceiver).
8.3.7. Miscellaneous functions
Things like a reset function, so that if things go south, the driver
can try resetting the card as a last ditch effort. Usually done when
a Tx times out or similar. Also a function to read the statistics
registers of the card if so equipped.
8.4. Technical information from 3Com
If you are interested in working on drivers for 3Com cards, you can
get technical documentation from 3Com. Cameron has been kind enough to
tell us how to go about it below:
3Com's Ethernet Adapters are documented for driver writers in our
`Technical References' (TRs). These manuals describe the programmer
interfaces to the boards but they don't talk about the diagnostics,
installation programs, etc that end users can see.
The Network Adapter Division marketing department has the TRs to give
away. To keep this program efficient, we centralized it in a thing
called `CardFacts.' CardFacts is an automated phone system. You call
it with a touch-tone phone and it faxes you stuff. To get a TR, call
CardFacts at 408-727-7021. Ask it for Developer's Order Form, document
number 9070. Have your fax number ready when you call. Fill out the
order form and fax it to 408-764-5004. Manuals are shipped by Federal
Express 2nd Day Service.
There are people here who think we are too free with the manuals, and
they are looking for evidence that the system is too expensive, or
takes too much time and effort. So far, 3Com customers have been
really good about this, and there's no problem with the level of
requests we've been getting. We need your continued cooperation and
restraint to keep it that way.
8.5. Notes on AMD PCnet / LANCE Based cards
The AMD LANCE (Local Area Network Controller for Ethernet) was the
original offering, and has since been replaced by the `PCnet-ISA'
chip, otherwise known as the 79C960. Note that the name `LANCE' has
stuck, and some people will refer to the new chip by the old name.
Dave Roberts of the Network Products Division of AMD was kind enough
to contribute the following information regarding this chip:
`Functionally, it is equivalent to a NE1500. The register set is
identical to the old LANCE with the 1500/2100 architecture additions.
Older 1500/2100 drivers will work on the PCnet-ISA. The NE1500 and
NE2100 architecture is basically the same. Initially Novell called it
the 2100, but then tried to distinguish between coax and 10BASE-T
cards. Anything that was 10BASE-T only was to be numbered in the 1500
range. That's the only difference.
Many companies offer PCnet-ISA based products, including HP, Racal-
Datacom, Allied Telesis, Boca Research, Kingston Technology, etc. The
cards are basically the same except that some manufacturers have added
`jumperless' features that allow the card to be configured in
software. Most have not. AMD offers a standard design package for a
card that uses the PCnet-ISA and many manufacturers use our design
without change. What this means is that anybody who wants to write
drivers for most PCnet-ISA based cards can just get the data-sheet
from AMD. Call our literature distribution center at (800)222-9323 and
ask for the Am79C960, PCnet-ISA data sheet. It's free.
A quick way to understand whether the card is a `stock' card is to
just look at it. If it's stock, it should just have one large chip on
it, a crystal, a small IEEE address PROM, possibly a socket for a boot
ROM, and a connector (1, 2, or 3, depending on the media options
offered). Note that if it's a coax card, it will have some transceiver
stuff built onto it as well, but that should be near the connector and
away from the PCnet-ISA.'
A note to would-be card hackers is that different LANCE
implementations do `restart' in different ways. Some pick up where
they left off in the ring, and others start right from the beginning
of the ring, as if just initialised.
8.6. Multicast and Promiscuous Mode
Another one of the things Donald has worked on is implementing
multicast and promiscuous mode hooks. All of the released (i.e. not
ALPHA) ISA drivers now support promiscuous mode.
Donald writes: `I'll start by discussing promiscuous mode, which is
conceptually easy to implement. For most hardware you only have to set
a register bit, and from then on you get every packet on the wire.
Well, it's almost that easy; for some hardware you have to shut the
board (potentially dropping a few packet), reconfigure it, and then
re-enable the ethercard. OK, so that's easy, so I'll move on
something that's not quite so obvious: Multicast. It can be done two
ways:
1. Use promiscuous mode, and a packet filter like the Berkeley packet
filter (BPF). The BPF is a pattern matching stack language, where
you write a program that picks out the addresses you are interested
in. Its advantage is that it's very general and programmable. Its
disadvantage is that there is no general way for the kernel to
avoid turning on promiscuous mode and running every packet on the
wire through every registered packet filter. See ``The Berkeley
Packet Filter'' for more info.
2. Using the built-in multicast filter that most etherchips have.
I guess I should list what a few ethercards/chips provide:
Chip/card Promiscuous Multicast filter
----------------------------------------
Seeq8001/3c501 Yes Binary filter (1)
3Com/3c509 Yes Binary filter (1)
8390 Yes Autodin II six bit hash (2) (3)
LANCE Yes Autodin II six bit hash (2) (3)
i82586 Yes Hidden Autodin II six bit hash (2) (4)
1. These cards claim to have a filter, but it's a simple yes/no
`accept all multicast packets', or `accept no multicast packets'.
2. AUTODIN II is the standard ethernet CRC (checksum) polynomial. In
this scheme multicast addresses are hashed and looked up in a hash
table. If the corresponding bit is enabled, this packet is
accepted. Ethernet packets are laid out so that the hardware to do
this is trivial -- you just latch six (usually) bits from the CRC
circuit (needed anyway for error checking) after the first six
octets (the destination address), and use them as an index into the
hash table (six bits -- a 64-bit table).
3. These chips use the six bit hash, and must have the table computed
and loaded by the host. This means the kernel must include the CRC
code.
4. The 82586 uses the six bit hash internally, but it computes the
hash table itself from a list of multicast addresses to accept.
Note that none of these chips do perfect filtering, and we still need
a middle-level module to do the final filtering. Also note that in
every case we must keep a complete list of accepted multicast
addresses to recompute the hash table when it changes.
8.7. The Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF)
The general idea of the developers is that the BPF functionality
should not be provided by the kernel, but should be in a (hopefully
little-used) compatibility library.
For those not in the know: BPF (the Berkeley Packet Filter) is an
mechanism for specifying to the kernel networking layers what packets
you are interested in. It's implemented as a specialized stack
language interpreter built into a low level of the networking code. An
application passes a program written in this language to the kernel,
and the kernel runs the program on each incoming packet. If the kernel
has multiple BPF applications, each program is run on each packet.
The problem is that it's difficult to deduce what kind of packets the
application is really interested in from the packet filter program, so
the general solution is to always run the filter. Imagine a program
that registers a BPF program to pick up a low data-rate stream sent to
a multicast address. Most ethernet cards have a hardware multicast
address filter implemented as a 64 entry hash table that ignores most
unwanted multicast packets, so the capability exists to make this a
very inexpensive operation. But with the BPF the kernel must switch
the interface to promiscuous mode, receive _all_ packets, and run them
through this filter. This is work, BTW, that's very difficult to
account back to the process requesting the packets.
9. ·¦Å¾/³ëÆ®ºÏ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿ÍÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ·
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ·¦Å¾À» ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »ó¿¡ ¿Ã¸®´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â ¿©·¯°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº SLIP ÄÚµå(±×¸®°í ½Ã¸®¾ó ¶óÀÎ ¼Óµµ·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼öµµ
ÀÖ´Ù; PCMCIA ½½·ÔÀÌ ³»ÀåµÈ ³ëÆ®ºÏÀ» °¡Áú¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ISA ÀÌ´õ³Ý
Ä«µå°¡ ²ÅÇôÀÖ´Â µµÅ· ½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀ» °¡Áø ·¦Å¾À» °¡Áú¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù; ¾Æ´Ï¸é º´·Ä
Æ÷Æ® ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¾Æ´äÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
9.1. SLIP »ç¿ëÇϱâ
ÀÌ°ÍÀº °¡Àå Àú·ÅÇÑ ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ´Ù, ÇÏÁö¸¸ °¡Àå ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¸Å¿ì ³ôÀº
Àü¼Û·üÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö´Â ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. SLIPÀº Á¤¸»·Î ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©±â¼´Â ´õÀÌ»ó ³íÇÏ Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. NET-2 ÇÏ¿ìÅõ¸¦ º¸±â
¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
9.2. PCMCIA Áö¿ø
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡Áø Çϵå¿þ¾î°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë¾Æ³»º¸°í (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Ä«µå
Á¦Á¶»ç, PCMCIA Ĩ ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯ Á¦Á¶¾÷ü) ·¦Å¾ »ç¿ëÀڵ鿡°Ô ¹°¾îº¸¶ó. ¸»ÇÒ
ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾ø°ÚÁö¸¸, ¸ðµç°ÍÀÌ °£´ÜÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í´Â ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. »ç¼ÒÇÑ
°ÍµéÀ̳ª, Ä¿³Î ÆÐÄ¡ µî¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á®¶ó. ¾î´À³¯¿£°¡´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ `make
config'¶ó°í Ãij־î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù 8-)
ÇöÀç, µ¥ÀÌŸºÏ TCIC/2¿Í ÀÎÅÚ i82365 µÎ°³ÀÇ PCMCIA Ĩ¼ÂÀÌ Áö¿øµÇ°í
ÀÖ´Ù.
tsx-22.mit.edu¾ÈÀÇ /pub/linux/packages/laptops/¿¡´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±× °÷¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾µ¸¸ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡´Â PCMCIA ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå µå¶óÀ̹öµé ºÎÅÍ PCMCIA ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯
Ĩ°ú Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥±îÁö ´Ù·é´Ù. ÀÌµé µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ °ÍÀº
À̵éÀº º¸Åë ƯÁ¤ PCMCIA Ĩ(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÀÎÅÚ 82365³ª TCIC/2)°ú °ü·ÃµÈ
°ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µåµé¿¡ À־Â, ¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ DOS»ó¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦
¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í, DOS Ä¿¸Çµå ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼ loadlin¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¸®´ª½º·Î ºÎÆÃÇؼ
¼º°øÇß´Ù.
PCMCIA Áö¿øÀ» ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸®´ª½º »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ Ã£´Â °ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ±× °úÁ¤ÀÌ
ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. David Hinds´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏ´Â °³Ã´ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÃÖ½Å
PCMCIA Áö¿ø ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â ´ÙÀ½Àå¼Ò¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
PCMCIA Package <ftp://cb-iris.stanford.edu/pub/pcmcia>
pcmcia-cs-X.Y.Z.tgz °°Àº ÈÀϵéÀ» ã¾Æ¶ó. ¿©±â¼ X.Y.Z´Â ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ ¹öÀü
¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ tsx-11.mit.edu¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Àß ¾÷·ÎµåµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
À¯Àú ·¹º§¿¡¼ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â DonaldÀÇ PCMCIA ÀÌ³Êºí·¯°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú David
HindsÀÇ Ä¿³Î ·¹º§ ÇعýÀ» Àß ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó. ¾Æ¸¶ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ
°³¹ßÇÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â DavidÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ °¡Àå ÁÁ´Ù°í ¿©±æ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
9.3. µµÅ· ½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀÇ ISA ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå
º¸Åë 250 Á¤µµÇÏ´Â ·¦Å¾¿ë µµÅ· ½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀº µÎ°³ÀÇ Ç® »çÀÌÁî ISA ½½·Ô°ú,
µÎ°³ÀÇ ½Ã¸® ¾ó, ±×¸®°í ÇϳªÀÇ Æз¯·¼ Æ÷Æ®¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µµÅ·
½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀº ·¦Å¾ ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ Àü¿øÀ» ¼Ò¸ð½ÃÅ°¸ç, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÂªÀº ISA Ä«µå¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¸î¸î µµÅ·½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀº º°µµÀÇ ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ Ãß°¡ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ºñ½ÎÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ Ãß°¡Çؼ Ç® ½ºÇǵåÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¼º´ÉÀ»
Áñ±æ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
9.4. Æ÷ÄÏ/Æз¯·¼ Æ÷Æ® ¾Æ´äÅ͵é.
`Æ÷ÄÏ' ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¾Æ´äÅ͵鵵 ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ ¸ÂÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ü,
¾Ë¾ÆµÑ Á¡Àº Àü¼Û ¼Óµµ°¡ Æз¯·¼ Æ÷Æ® ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ÇÑ°èÄ¡(¾Æ¸¶ 200kB/s°¡
ÃÖ°íÁö?)À̳»·Î ¹Û¿¡´Â ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ °¡Àå ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» ±¸¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Àü¿ø °ø±ÞÀåÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº °¡²û
·¦Å¾ÀÇ Å°º¸µå·ÎºÎÅÍ Àü¿øÀ» ²ø¾îµéÀÌ´Â ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» »ç°Å³ª ¸¸µé¾î¼
¾Æ´äÅÍ°¡ ´Þ¸° º®µ¹·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÇÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»°ÍÀÌ´Ù. (´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó ``keyboard
power'')
µÎ°³ÀÇ Áö¿øµÇ´Â Æ÷ÄÏ ¾Æ´äÅÍ¿¡ °üÇؼ´Â ``DE-600 / DE-620'' ¿Í
``RealTek'' ¸¦ º¸¶ó
10. Miscellaneous.
°ü·ÃµÈ ÀÚ·áµéÀÌÁö¸¸ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î´À°÷¿¡µµ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ·áµéÀº ¿©±â¿¡ ½Æ´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£°í, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ü½É°Å¸®°¡ ¾Æ´ÒÁöµµ
¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ¾î·µç ¿©±â¿¡ ³Ö¾îµÐ´Ù.
10.1. Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àμö ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ±â
ºÎÆýÿ¡ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ³Ñ°ÜÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µÎ°¡Áö ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Ä¿³Î ¸í·É¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.(
ether ¿Í reserve). ÀÌ°ÍÀº LILO³ª loadlin, ¶Ç´Â ¼±ÅÃÀû ÀμöµéÀ»
¹Þ¾ÆµéÀϼö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÆà À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¿¡¼ µµ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸í·É¾î°¡ `blah' ÀÌ°í 3°³ÀÇ Àμö¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù¸é(123, 456,
±×¸®°í 789¶ó¸é), LILO¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
LILO: linux blah=123,456,789
ºÎÆýà Àμöµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸´Â (±×¸®°í ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸®½ºÆ®), ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ
Àå¼Ò¸¦ º¸¶ó. BootPrompt-HOWTO
<http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html>
10.1.1. ether ¸í·É¾î
ether= Àμö´Â Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÀûÀçµÈ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ether= Àμö´Â ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡´Â Àý´ë ¾Æ¹« È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Çü½ÄÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
ether=IRQ,BASE_ADDR,PARAM_1,PARAM_2,NAME
¸ðµç ÀμöµéÀº ¼±ÅÃÀÌ´Ù. ù¹ø° ¼ýÀÚ¾Æ´Ñ Àμö°¡ À̸§À¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áø´Ù.
IRQ: ¸»±×´ë·Î´Ù. IRQ °ª `0' (º¸Åë ±âº»°ª)Àº ÀÚµ¿IRQ¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. IRQ
¼³Á¤ÀÌ base_addrº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀº ¿ª»çÀû »ç°ÇÀÌ´Ù -- ÀÌ°ÍÀº
´Ù¸¥°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù²ð¶§¸é ¾î´À¶§µçÁö °íÃÄÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
BASE_ADDR: À̰͵µ ¸»±×´ë·Î´Ù. `0'°ª (º¸Åë ±âº»°ª)Àº ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåÀÇ
Ä«µåº° ƯÁ¤ ÁÖ¼Ò°ªÀ» °Ë»öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
PARAM_1: ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ø·¡ WD80*3°ú °°Àº °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸® ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿¡¼ ¸Þ¸ð¸®
½ÃÀÛÀ» ÀçÁ¤ÀÇ Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸î¸î µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ÀÌ °ªÀÇ ³·Àº
4ºñÆ®¸¦ µð¹ö±× ¸Þ¼¼Áö ·¹º§ ¼³Á¤Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ë ÇÑ´Ù. 0 -- default, 1-7 --
level 1..7, (7Àº ÃÖ´Ù ¸Þ¼¼Áö) 8 -- level 0 (¸Þ¼¼Áö ¾øÀ½). ¶ÇÇÑ,
LANCE µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ÀÌ °ªÀÇ ³·Àº 4ºñÆ®¸¦ DMA ä³Î ¼±Åÿ¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö
¾ÊÀ¸¸é auto-DMAÀÌ´Ù.
PARAM_2: 3c503 µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ¸·Î ³»Àå°ú ¿ÜÀå Æ®·£½Ã¹ö¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. 0
-- default/internal, 1 -- AUI external. Cabletron E21XX Ä«µåµµ
PARAM_2ÀÇ ³·Àº 4ºñÆ®¸¦ Ãâ·Â ÀåÄ¡ ¼±Åÿ¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é
ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ã´Â´Ù.
NAME: ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ °ªÀ¸·Î ÂüÁ¶¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. Ç¥ÁØ Ä¿³ÎÀº
¹ö½º¿¡ ²ÈÇôÀÖ´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿¡°Ô´Â `eth0', `eth1', `eth2' ±×¸®°í
`eth3'¶ó´Â À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, Æз¯·¼ Æ÷Æ® `Æ÷ÄÏ' ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¾Æ´äÅÍ¿¡°Ô´Â
`atp0'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. arcnet µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â `arc0'¶ó´Â À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±âº»
¼³Á¤Àº °Ë»öÇس»´Â ´ÜÀÏ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿¡ `eth0'¶ó´Â À̸§À» ºÙÀδÙ.
¿©·¯°³ÀÇ Ä«µåµéÀº LILO ÀÎÀÚµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò°ªÀ» ¼³Á¤Çؾ߸¸
»ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 1.0 Ä¿³ÎÀº LANCE-±â¹ÝÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì·Î
´Ù·é´Ù. LILO Àμö°¡ ¹«½ÃµÇ°í, LANCE Ä«µåµéÀº Ç×»ó `eth0'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â
`eth<n>' À̸§À¸·Î ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î LANCE°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀº
`eth<n+1>'·Î Á¤ÇØÁö°í, º¸Åë `eth0'´Â `ether=0,-1,eth0' ¿Í °°ÀÌ
°Ë»öÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. (±×·¸´Ù, ÀÌ°Ç ¹ö±×´Ù.)
10.1.2. reserve ¸í·É¾î
ÀÌ µÎ¹ø° lilo ¸í·É¾îµµ À§ÀÇ `ether='ó·³ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î
lilo.conf ¾È¿¡ ºÎÆ®½Ã ¼±ÅÃÇϴ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ À̸§À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
reserve=IO-base,extent{,IO-base,extent...}
¸î¸î ¸Ó½Å¿¡¼ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ƯÁ¤ ¿µ¿ª³»¿¡¼ ÀåÄ¡°Ë»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ(ÀÚµ¿ °Ë»ö) ÀåÄ¡
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ º¸Á¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾û¼ºÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁø
Çϵå¿þ¾î, Áï À߸ø Àνĵǰųª, ÀÌÀüÀÇ °Ë»ö¿¡¼ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¹Ù²ï Çϵå¿þ¾î,
¶Ç´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ÃʱâÈ ½ÃÅ°±æ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î°¡ ºÎÆÃÁß ¸Ó½ÅÀ» ¾ó°Ô
¸¸µé±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù (¸î¸î ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé ó·³).
º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Â ºÎÆýà Àμö ÁÖ¼ÒµéÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ I/O Æ÷Æ® ¿µ¿ªÀÌ °Ë»öµÇÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥¼
»ý±â´Â ¹®Á¦¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¿µ¿ªÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ÀåÄ¡°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ±× ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼
ã¾ÆÁø°Íó·³, Ä¿³ÎÀÇ Æ÷Æ® µî·Ï Å×À̺í¾È¿¡ º¸Á¸µÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀº
¸ðµç ¸Ó½Åµé¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶õ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ¹®Á¦°¡
Àְųª Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ƯÁ¤ ¿µ¿ª³»ÀÇ I/O Æ÷Æ®µéÀº ÀåÄ¡ °Ë»öÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸î¸î
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº NE2000À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°°Å³ª, ´Ù¸¥ ¸î¸î ÀåÄ¡µéÀ»
º»·¡ÀÇ °Í°ú ´Ù¸£°Ô ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ ´Ù¸¥ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ
ºÎÆ® ÀμöµéÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, Á¤È®ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ º¸Á¸µÈ ¿µ¿ª³»ÀÇ
ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °Ë»öÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¡¼ reserve°¡ ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÆ® Àμö ¿Í ÇÔ²²
°¡Àå ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Â ¿µ¿ªÀ» Á¤ÇÏ ¸é
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±× ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ °Ë»öÀ» Á¤ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº Á¤È®ÇÑ ÁÖ¼Ò °¡ ÁÖ¾îÁö¸é Æ÷Æ® µî·Ï Å×À̺íÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ºÎÆ® ¶óÀÎÀº
LILO: linux reserve=0x300,32 ether=0,0x300,eth0
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ 0x300-0x31f¸¦
°Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
º¸Åë ºÎÆýà ¸í·ÉÀº ÀÎÀÚ¸¦ 11°³ ±îÁö¹Û¿¡ ÁÙ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
reserve Å°¿öµå´ç 5°³¸¸À» Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ reserve ¸í·ÉÀº Ưº°È÷
º¹ÀâÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ ÀÖÀ»À» °æ¿ì¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
10.2. ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇϱâ
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡ ÀûÀçµÇ´Â Ä¿³ÎÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ µå¶ó¾Æ¹ö¸¸À»
±×¾È¿¡ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´ë½Å µ¶¸³ÀûÀÌ°í µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀûÀç°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµâ·Î½á
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀÌ ¹öµéÀº °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ º¸Åë
modprobe(8) ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ ÀûÀçÇϰųª, ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶² °æ¿ì ¿¡´Â modprobe¸¦
È£ÃâÇÏ´Â `kerneld' (2.0¿¡¼) À̳ª `kmod'¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Àû ÀçµÈ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀº ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¼³Á¤À» À§ÇØ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ÚÁø ±×·¡ÇÈ ¼³Á¤
ÅøµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é ¸ÕÀú ±×µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÃÇèÇغÁ¶ó. ÀÌ
¾Æ·¡¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ¹«¾ù ¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇϸç, ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ù²Ù´ÂÁö¿¡
´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
¾î¶°ÇÑ ¸ðµâµéÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í, °¢ ¸ðµâ¿¡´Â ¾î¶² ¿É¼ÇÀÌ Áö¿øµÇ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Á¦¾î Á¤º¸µéÀº º¸Åë /etc/conf.modules ÈÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÈÀÏ¿¡¼
°ü½ÉºÐ¾ß(ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ)ÀÇ µÎ ÁÖ¿ä ¿É¼ÇÀº alias¿Í optionsÀÌ´Ù.
modprobe ¸í·ÉÀº ¸ðµâÁ¤º¸¿¡ °üÇؼ ÀÌ ÈÀÏÀ» Âü°íÇÑ´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦ ¸ðµâ ÀÚ½ÅÀº º¸Åë /lib/modules/`uname -r`/net µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù.
¿©±â¼ uname -r ¸í·ÉÀº Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüÀ» µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù (¿¹. 2.0.34). ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
±×°÷¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¸ðµâÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ conf.modules ÈÀÏ¿¡ °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú ÇÒ ÀÏÀº eth0 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©
ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾î¶² µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ »ç¿ëµÉÁö modprobe¿¡°Ô
¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ alias ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
smc-ultra.o µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ISA SMC EtherEZ Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ eth0¿¡ aliasÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÁÙÀ» Ãß°¡
ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
alias eth0 smc-ultra
¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ƯÁ¤ ¸ðµâ (¶Ç´Â ¸ðµâ º°¸í:module
alias)¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â options ÁÙÀÌ´Ù. À§ÀÇ
¿¹Á¦¸¦ À̾¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ options Çà ¾øÀÌ ´ÜÁö alias ÇุÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ
°æ¿ì, Ä¿³ÎÀº ISA Ä«µå ¸¦ ÀÚµ¿ °Ë»öÀ¸·Î ã´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸ç
¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô °æ°íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù (dmesg¸¦ º¸¶ó). ÀÌ °æ°í¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö·Á¸é, ¸ðµâ¿¡°Ô
Ä«µå°¡ ¹«½¼ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â ÇàÀ» Ãß°¡ÇØÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿¹Á¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì 16Áø¼ö ÁÖ¼Ò 0x280¶ó°í Àû°í ÀÖ´Ù.
options smc-ultra io=0x280
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ISA ¸ðµâµéÀº insmod ¸í·ÉÇà Áß¿¡ io=0x340 ¿Í irq=12 °°Àº
Àμö¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä«µåÀÇ Å½»öÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÎÀÚµéÀ»
ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í ¾Æ´Ï¸é Àû¾îµµ °ÇÏ°Ô ÃßõÇÑ´Ù. PCI ¿Í EISA
ÀåÄ¡µé°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ISA ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» ÀÚµ¿ °Ë»öÇÒ Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÇÑ
¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÇÇؾ߸¸
ÇÑ´Ù.
°¢ ¸ðµâµéÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ¸ðµç ¿É¼ÇµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ´ÙÀ½ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¼¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù.
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/networking/net-modules.txt
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ Ä«µå¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ã¾Æ¼ Àо±æ
±ÇÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç 8390 ±â¹ÝÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹öµé°ú PLIP µå¶óÀ̹öó·³ ÇϳªÀÇ ¸ðµâ·Î
¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» Á¦¾îÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµâÀ» À§ÇØ ¸î¸î ¸ðµâµéÀº ÄÞ¸¶·Î
±¸ºÐµÈ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ °ªµéÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î,
______________________________________________________________________
options 3c503 io=0x280,0x300,0x330,0x350 xcvr=0,1,0,1
______________________________________________________________________
À§¿¡¼´Â card 2¿Í 4´Â ¿ÜºÎ ´ÜÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ ÇϳªÀÇ ¸ðµâÀÌ 4°³ÀÇ 3c503
Ä«µå¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. `='À̳ª ÄÞ¸¶ ÁÖº¯¿¡ °ø¹éÀÌ À־ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
¶Ç ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ °ÍÀº »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ ¸ðµâÀº Á¦°ÅÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ifconfig eth0 down (ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå Á×À̱â)¸¦
»ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ´Ù.
lsmod ¸í·ÉÀº ¹«½¼ ¸ðµâÀÌ ÀûÀçµÇ¾ú°í, ¾î´À°ÍÀÌ »ç¿ëÁßÀÎÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¸ç,
rmmod´Â ±×µéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
10.3. °ü·Ã ¹®¼
ÀÌ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀº °¡Ä¡ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÚ¿øµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â comp.os.linux
´º½º±×·ìÀÇ °Ô½Ã¹°À» ÀúÀåÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸µéÀº Donald ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
¸¸µç ÀÛÀº ÈÀϵ鿡¼ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦
¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í³ª¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
NET-2 ÇÏ¿ìÅõ¸¦ Àо°íÀÚ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Àڽſ¡°Ô ¾à°£À̶óµµ
ÇØÄ¿´Ù¿î ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù ¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª µå¶óÀ̹ö ¼Ò½º ÈÀϵé·ÎºÎÅÍ
Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸µéÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¾È¿¡´Â ½ÇÁ¦ Äڵ尡 ½ÃÀ۵DZâ
Àü¿¡ º¸Åë ¾î¶² Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ°ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸®´ª½º ¼¼°è¿¡¼ Á¤º¸¸¦ ã´Â °ÍµéÀº º°·Î Ưº°ÇÑ °Íµµ
¾Æ´Ï´Ù.(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 10BaseT°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÌ°í, AUI°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ̸ç, Çãºê°¡ ÇÏ´Â
ÀÌÀº ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö µîµî.) ³ª´Â comp.dcom.lans.ethernet°ú/¶Ç´Â
comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.networking ´º½º±×·ìÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ±æ ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù.
dejanews.com¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ´º½º±×·ì ¾ÆÄ«À̺êµé Àº ¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â
Á¤º¸ÀÚ¿øÀϼö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº RTFM(¸ðµç ´º½º±×·ì FAQµéÀ» °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ´Â)·ÎºÎÅÍ ´º½º±×·ì FAQ¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ã¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× URLÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
Usenet FAQs <ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/>
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ URL¿¡¼ ÈçÈ÷ `Ethernet-HomePage'¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °÷À»
º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Ethernet-HomePage <http://wwwhost.ots.utexas.edu/ethernet/ethernet-
home.html>
10.4. Disclaimer and Copyright
ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â º¹À½¼º°¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ã£À»¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ½Ã´ë¿¡
¸Â´Â Á¤º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» »©°í´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ
ÀϾµçÁö ¾Æ¹«µµ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå³ª ´Ù¸¥
¾î¶² Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡¼ ¿¬±â°¡ ³´Ù°í Çصµ(...°ÅÀÇ ºÒ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù!) ¿ì¸®´Â
¾Æ¹«·± Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áï, ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Á¤º¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀϾî³
¾î¶° ÇÑ ¼Õ½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ÀúÀÚ´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Paul Gortmaker¿¡°Ô ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Copyright (c) 1993-1997 ÀÌ
¸Å´º¾óÀÇ »çº»À» ¸¸µé°í ¹èÆ÷ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Çã¿ëµÇ¸ç ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸ðµç »çº»µé¿¡°Ôµµ
Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹®¼ÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÆÇÀ» º¹»çÇÏ°í ¹èÆ÷ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »çº»°ú °°ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ¸ç, ¿øº»°ú
Á¤È®È÷ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀúÀÛ±Ç ³»¿ëÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±× ¸ðµç °á°ú¹°Àº
ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Çã¿ëÁ¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼ ¹èÆ÷µÇ¾î Áø´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹®¼¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÑ °ÍÀÇ º¹»ç¿Í ¹èÆ÷´Â, À§ÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÆÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Á¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼ Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¹ø¿ªÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í·ÁÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ù°, ´Ù¸¥ Ãâ·Â Æ÷¸ËÀ» »ý¼ºÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î SGML ¼Ò½º (ÇÏ¿ìÅõ ¸ÞÀÎ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ FTP·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)¸¦
¹ø¿ªÇ϶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¹ø¿ªÇÑ ¿À¸®Áö³¯ ¿µ¹® SGML ¼Ò½ºÀÇ »çº»À» °£Á÷Ç϶ó!
°»½ÅµÈ ÇÏ¿ìÅõ°¡ ³ª¿À¸é, ±× ¹öÀüÀÇ »õ SGML ¼Ò½º¸¦ °¡Á®¿Í¼, °£´ÜÈ÷ diff
-u old.sgml new.sgml¶ó°í Ä¡¸é ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾ú´ÂÁö Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ°í
¿©·¯ºÐÀº SGML ¼Ò½º¸¦ ÀüºÎ ´Ù½ÃÀаí Àç¹ø¿ªÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ½±°Ô ¹Ù²Ù¾î¼
ÇÕÄ¥¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÃâÆÇµÈ ¹®¼¿¡ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ±æ ¿øÇϸé, ¿¬¶ôÇؼ (e-mailÀ»
ÅëÇؼ) °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå ÃֽŠÀÇ Á¤º¸µéÀ» ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡´Â ¸®´ª½º
ÇÏ¿ìÅõ ¹®¼ÀÇ Ã¶Áö³ ¹öÀüµéÀÌ ÃâÆǵǾî¼, ÀÌ¹Ì °»½ÅµÈ ¹öÀü¿¡´Â ´äÇØÁ®
ÀÖ´Â Áú¹®µé·Î °³¹ßÀÚµéÀ» ½Ã´Þ¸®°Ô ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
10.5. ³¡¸ÎÀ½
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ ±Û¿¡¼ ¿ÀŸ³ª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é öÁö³ Á¤º¸µéÀ» ã¾Æ³»°Ô µÇ¸é,
e-mailÀ» º¸³» Áֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Å©°í, ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î º¸±â´Â ½±´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸³Â´Â µ¥, ´ÙÀ½ ¹öÀü¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é,
ÁÖÀú¸»°í ´Ù½Ã º¸³»±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×°Ç ¾Æ¸¶µµ ³»°¡ ¹ÞÀº ½ºÆÔ°ú ¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â
¸ÞÀÏÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ ÀÒ¾î¹ö·ÈÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Thanks!
Paul Gortmaker, p_gortmaker@yahoo.com
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