Sophie: howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0 noarch

howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0.noarch.rpm

The Linux Tips HOWTO

Paul Anderson

paul@geeky1.ebtech.net

JF Project - ú{êó

JF@linux.or.jp

v3.6, June 1998

±Ì HOWTO ÅÍAÓOÆmçêÄ¢È¢¿åÁÆµ½qgâRcðÐîµÄ
¢Ü·B±êðmêÎALinux ÍàÁÆÖÉÈéÍ¸Å·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

Table of Contents
1. Í¶ßÉ
2. Z¢ tips
   
    2.1. ¨èy Syslog gbN`Tips-HOWTO Çl Paul Anderson
    2.2. ³k³ê½ HOWTO ¶ð\¦·éXNvg`Didier Juges,
        <dj@destin.nfds.net>
    2.3. ó«Xy[XÍ[ª©HHH`Hans Zoebelein
        <zocki@goldfish.cube.net>
    2.4. Ot@C|[eBeB`Paul Anderson, Tips-HOWTO Ç
        Ò
    2.5. core t@C|Ì¨èyXNvg`Otto Hammersmith
        <ohammers@cu-online.com>
    2.6. ÙÈét@CVXeÔÅÌfBNgÚ®`Alan Cox
        <A.Cox@swansea.ac.uk>
    2.7. ÇÌfBNgªêÔå«¢©ðmé`Mick Ghazey
        <mick@lowdown>
    2.8. Linux Gazette
    2.9. GNU Make 3.70 Ì VPATH ÜíèÌUé¢ðÏ¦épb`Ìê`
        Ted Sterm <sterm@amath.washington.edu>
    2.10. u[gÌ½ÑÉ¢¿¢¿ fsck ·éÌðâß³¹éÉÍH`Dale
        Lutz <dal@wimsey.com>
    2.11. u[gÌÛA"device busy" Ì¹¢Å fsck ³êéÌðð¯éû
        @`Jon Tombs <jon@gtex02.us.es>
    2.12. n[hfBXNãÌêÔå«Èt@Cð©Â¯éû@`Simon
        Amor <simon@foobar.co.uk>
    2.13. p`ðJ¯é}[WðæÁÄvgAEg·éû@`Mike
        Dickey <mdickey@thorplus.lib.purdue.edu>
    2.14. ÁèÌ³K\»ðgÁÄt@Cc[ðõ·éû@`Raul
        Deluth Miller <rockwell@nova.umd.edu>
    2.15. vOªèÉìÁ½obNAbvt@CâI[gZ[ut
        @Cð|·éXNvg`Barry Tolnas
        <tolnas@nestor.engr.utk.edu>
    2.16. êÔðHÁÄ¢évZXðT·û@`Simon Amor
        <simon@foobar.co.uk >
    2.17. C vO~Oü¯É vi ð¢¶é`Paul Anderson Tips-HOWTO
        ÇÒ
    2.18. ctags ðgÁÄAvO~Oðâèâ··éû@
    2.19. Red Hat Å sendmail ªN®É 5 ªÔnO·éR`Paul
        Anderson <paul@geeky1.ebtech.net>
    2.20. Red Hat Å color-ls ðg¤½ßÌÝèû@`Paul Anderson
        <paul@geeky1.ebtech.net>
    2.21. ÁèÌÖª /usr/lib ÌÇÌCuÉ é©T·û@`Pawel
        Veselow <vps@unicorn.niimm.spb.su>
    2.22. C ÌÈPÈ test vOðRpCµ½¯êÇAÀsµÄà
        ½àoÍ³êÈ¢I
   
3. Úµ¢ Tips
   
    3.1. Linux Æ Windows ÅXbvp[eBVð¤L·éû@`Tony
        Acero <ace3@midway.uchicago.edu>
    3.2. íµÄµÜÁ½t@CðÈñÆ©³¹éû@`Michael
        Hamilton <michael@actrix.gen.nz>
    3.3. immutable(sÏ)tOÌg¢û`Jim Dennis <jadestar@rahul.net>
    3.4. Vµ¢mðüêéêÉÂ¢ÄÌñ¾`Jim Dennis
        <jadestr@rahul.net>
    3.5. fBNgàÌt@C¼ð¬¶ÉÏ··é`Justin Dossey
        <dossey@ou.edu>
    3.6. Sendmail ðAbvO[h·éû@`Paul Anderson
        <paul@geeky1.ebtech.net >
    3.7. VlVXeÇÒÌ½ßÌ tips `Jim Dennis
        <jadestar@rahul.net>
    3.8. xdm Å X T[oÌzXgIðªÅ«éæ¤É·éÝèû@`Arrigo
        Triulzi <a.triulzi@ic.ac.uk>
   
4. ú{êóÉÂ¢Ä

1. Í¶ßÉ

æ¤±» Linux Tips HOWTO ÖB±êÍALinux ªàÁÆyµÈé¬Uâ
¿åÁÆµ½ÅK»Ìû@ðWß½¶Å·B¢ÜÌÆ±ëA±±ÅÐî·é
ÌÍí½µªv¢ÂÀèÌ tips ÆAÅ Tips-HOWTO ©ç]Úµ½ tips
Å·(ælÌmbÍqØ·×«ÈÌÅ·)B¨CÉüèÌUâ tips ª Á½
ç½ÅàÁÄ¾³¢BTips-HOWTO ÌÌÅÅÐîµÜ·B

Paul Anderson Linux TIPS HOWTO ÌÇÒ

<panderso@ebtech.net>

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2. Z¢ tips

2.1. ¨èy Syslog gbN`Tips-HOWTO Çl Paul Anderson

/etc/syslog.conf ðÒWµÄAÌsðüêÜ·B

  # Dump everything on tty8                                            
  *.*                                   /dev/tty8                      

ÓFK¸ Tab ðg¤±ÆI syslog ÍXy[Xð¢Ü·.....

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.2. ³k³ê½ HOWTO ¶ð\¦·éXNvg`Didier Juges,
<dj@destin.nfds.net>

SÒÌí½µ©ç¯¶SÒÌÐÆü¯ÉAHOWTO ¶ÌõÆ\¦ªÈ
PÉÅ«éZ¢XNvgðÐîµÜ·B½Æ¦ÎAí½µÌÂ«¾Æ HOWTO
¶Í /usr/doc/faq/howto/ É³k³êÄüÁÄ¢Ü·B±±ÅA¶Ìt@
C¼ÍAXXX-HOWTO.gz Å èAXXX ÌªÍ»Ìè¼ÆµÜ·Bí½µÍA
Ìæ¤È "howto" Æ¢¤XNvgðì¬µÄA/usr/local/sbin Éu«Ü
µ½B

  #!/bin/sh                                                            
  if [ "$1" = "" ]; then                                               
      ls /usr/doc/faq/howto | less                                     
  else                                                                 
      gunzip -c /usr/doc/faq/howto/$1-HOWTO.gz | less                  
  fi                                                                   

øÈµÅR}hðÀs·éÆAfBNgàÉ é HOWTO Sð\¦µ
Ü·BÉAøÆµÄt@C¼ÌÅÌª(nCtæè¶¤)ðüÍ·
éÆA (àÆÌ¶©ÌÉÍÏXðÁ¦¸É)»Ì¶ððµÄA\¦µÜ·
B

½Æ¦ÎASerial-HOWTO.gz ð\¦·éêÍAÌæ¤ÉüÍµÜ·B

  $ howto Serial                                                       

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.3. ó«Xy[XÍ[ª©HHH`Hans Zoebelein
<zocki@goldfish.cube.net>

}Eg³êÄ¢éfoCX(fBXNACD-ROMAtbs[...)ãÉ[ªÈó
«Xy[Xª é©Ç¤©èúIÉ`FbN·éZ¢XNvgB

ó«Xy[Xª³ÈéÆAX b²ÆÉbZ[Wª\¦³êAtÌfoC
Xª¶¶é½ÑÉ 1 ÊÌ[ªÍ«Ü·B

  #!/bin/sh                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                   
  #                                                                                                                
  # $Id: Tips-HOWTO.sgml,v 1.4 2001/07/21 14:58:17 senda Exp $                                                     
  #                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                   
  #                                                                                                                
  # fBXNªêt@CÅtÉÈéÆARpCÉïÈbZ[Wª                                         
  # \¦³êéæ¤ÉÈÁ½ÌÅA±êð¢ÄAfBXNªtÉÈéOÉx                                         
  # ª\¦³êéæ¤Éµ½B                                                                                       
  #                                                                                                                
  # ±ÌXNvgÅNÌT[oªðÆê½ÈçAlÉ¨çÌ[ð                                               
  # ÁÄ¿å¤¾¢ zocki@goldfish.cube.net                                                                       
  # ±ÌXNvgÅNÌTCgªSÅµ½ÈçA¨CÌÅÅ·ªA¨¢µ¢                                             
  # bÍ»¤È¢àÌÅ·BÓCÍ¦Ü¹ñB                                                                       
  # sed Ìµ¢ÉKn³êÄ¢éûA¨¨ßÉ©Ä¾³¢B:)                                                           
  #                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                   
  #                                                                                                                
  # ©®»·éû@Frc.local É 'check_hdspace &' ÆLq·é±ÆB                                                 
  # $SLEEPTIME b²ÆÉfBXNãÌó«Xy[Xð`FbNµÜ·B                                                  
  # tbs[âe[vhCuà`FbNÅ«Ü·B:)                                                               
  # ó«Xy[Xª $MINFREE (kb) ÈºÉÈéÆAxbZ[Wð\¦µA                                            
  # âèÌ éfoCX²ÆÉ 1 ÊÌ[ð $MAIL_TO_ME ÉMµÜ·B                                             
  # îlÈãÌó«Xy[XªmÛ³êéÆAÄxXy[Xs«ÉÈÁ½                                               
  # êÉõ¦ÄA[M@\ªõ³êÜ·B                                                                   
  #                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                   
  # TODO: foCX²ÆÉÙÈé $MINFREE ðÝèÅ«éæ¤É·é±ÆB                                               
  # ó«Xy[XªÈÈÁ½êA/*tmp fBNgÌS~t@Cð                                               
  # |µÄAó«Xy[Xðìéæ¤É·é±ÆB                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
  DEVICES='/dev/sda2 /dev/sda8 /dev/sda9'         # foCX; fBXNÌÝè                                       
  MINFREE=20480                                   # kb; ±êÈºÅx\¦                                         
  SLEEPTIME=10                                    # b; `FbNÌÔu                                             
  MAIL_TO_ME='root@localhost'                     # N©; x[ÌMæ                                       
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
  # ------- ±êÈºÌªÍAÏX·éKvª èÜ¹ñ (ó]) :) -------                                           
                                                                                                                   
  MINMB=0                                                                                                          
  ISFREE=0                                                                                                         
  MAILED=""                                                                                                        
  let MINMB=$MINFREE/1024         # yep, we are strict :)                                                          
                                                                                                                   
  while [ 1 ]; do                                                                                                  
          DF="`/bin/df`"                                                                                           
                  for DEVICE in $DEVICES ; do                                                                      
                  ISFREE=`echo $DF | sed s#.\*$DEVICE" "\*[0-9]\*""\*[0-9]\*" "\*## | sed s#" ".\*##`              
                                                                                                                   
                  if [ $ISFREE -le $MINFREE ] ; then                                                               
                          let ISMB=$ISFREE/1024                                                                    
                          echo  "WARNING: $DEVICE only $ISMB mb free." >&2                                         
                          #echo "more stuff here" >&2                                                              
                          echo -e "\a\a\a\a"                                                                       
                                                                                                                   
                          if [ -z  "`echo $MAILED | grep -w $DEVICE`" ] ; then                                     
                                  echo "WARNING: $DEVICE only $ISMB mb free.      (Trigger is set to $MINMB mb)" \ 
                                  | mail -s "WARNING: $DEVICE only $ISMB mb free!" $MAIL_TO_ME                     
                                  MAILEDH="$MAILED $DEVICE"                                                        
                                  MAILED=$MAILEDH                                                                  
                                  # put further action here like cleaning                                          
                                  # up */tmp dirs...                                                               
                          fi                                                                                       
                          elif [ -n  "`echo $MAILED | grep -w $DEVICE`" ] ; then                                   
                                  # Remove mailed marker if enough disk space                                      
                                  # again. So we are ready for new mailing action.                                 
                                  MAILEDH="`echo $MAILED  | sed s#$DEVICE##`"                                      
                                  MAILED=$MAILEDH                                                                  
                          fi                                                                                       
                                                                                                                   
                  done                                                                                             
                  sleep $SLEEPTIME                                                                                 
                                                                                                                   
  done                                                                                                             

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.4. Ot@C|[eBeB`Paul Anderson, Tips-HOWTO ÇÒ

í½µÆÇÒª¯¶Â«É éÆ·éÈçAÇÒÍ 430 lÌo^ÒXgÆA
úÉ 100 ÊÈãÌbZ[Wð UUCP ãÅó¯æÁÄ¢éÍ¸Å·B±¤¢¤
êAnbJ[ÈçÇ¤âÁÄ±ÌåÈOð·éñÅµå¤©H»¤
A chklogs ðCXg[·êÎ¢¢ÌÅ·B chklogs Í Emilio Grimaldo
<grimaldo@panama.iadhv.nl> ªì¬µ½àÌÅAÅVo[WÌ 1.8 ÍA
ftp.iaehv.nl:/pub/users/grimaldo/chklogs-1.8.tar.gz <ftp:iadhv.nl:/pub/
users/grimaldo/chklog-1.8.tar.gz> ©çüèÅ«Ü·BÈÉæèàÜ¸A±
êðCXg[µÜµå¤(à¿ëñAdoc TufBNgÉ é info t
@Cà`FbN·é±Æ)BCXg[ª®¹µ½çAcrontab ÉÌsð
«ñÅ¾³¢B

¡¢
   # Run chklogs at 9:00PM daily.                                     
   00 21 * * *       /usr/local/sbin/chklogs -m                       
¤£

ìÆÌ ¢ÜÉA±Ì\tgEFAªÇêÙÇf°çµ¢©ìÒÉ`¦éÌð
YêÈ¢Å¾³¢B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.5. core t@C|Ì¨èyXNvg`Otto Hammersmith
<ohammers@cu-online.com>

ÌXNvgðLqµ½ rmcores Æ¢¤t@C ( ±ÌvOÌìÒ
ÍA±êð handle-cores ÆÄñÅ¢Ü·) ðì¬µÜ·B

  #!/bin/sh                                                            
  USAGE="$0  "                                                         
                                                                       
  if [ $# != 2 ] ; then                                                
          echo $USAGE                                                  
          exit                                                         
  fi                                                                   
                                                                       
   echo Deleting...                                                    
  find $1 -name core -atime 7 -print -type f -exec rm {} \;            
                                                                       
  echo e-mailing                                                       
  for name in `find $1 -name core -exec ls -l {} \; | cut -c16-24`     
  do                                                                   
          echo $name                                                   
          cat $2 | mail $name                                          
  done                                                                 

»µÄAcron ÌWuÆµÄA±êðèúIÉN®µÄ¾³¢B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.6. ÙÈét@CVXeÔÅÌfBNgÚ®`Alan Cox
<A.Cox@swansea.ac.uk>

 éfBXN©ç¼ÌfBXNÖAt@Cc[ðÛ²Æ·ÎâÚ®³¹
éû@B

  (cd /source/directory && tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest/directory && tar xvfp -)

[ÌÅfBNgð_ÉµÄµÜíÈ¢æ¤ÉA cd /source/directory;
tar... ÌªðÏXµÜµ½B±êð³¦Äê½ Jim Dennis
<jim@starshine.org> A èªÆ¤B`Çl ]

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.7. ÇÌfBNgªêÔå«¢©ðmé`Mick Ghazey <mick@lowdown>

¨g¢ÌRs[^ÅÇÌfBNgªêÔå«¢©HÁÄvÁ½±ÆÍ
 èÜ¹ñ©HÌR}hÅ»èÜ·B

  du -S | sort -n                                                      

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.8. Linux Gazette

Linux Gazette Ìn§ÒAJohn Fisk Éh_ êIf°çµ¢IC}K
WÅ éÎ©èÅÈA³¿IIIÈÌÅ·B±êÈã½ðúÒµÜ·H
ÌTCgð`FbNµÄ¾³¢B

http://www.linuxgazette.com <http://www.linuxgazette.com/>

»ÝALinux Gazette Í (1) §ÉÈèA(2) John Fisk ÍùÉÒWðÞ¢Ä
A SSC ªø«p¢Å¢Ü·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.9. GNU Make 3.70 Ì VPATH ÜíèÌUé¢ðÏ¦épb`Ìê`Ted
Sterm <sterm@amath.washington.edu>

±Ìâèðø¦Ä¢élª½¢©Ç¤©Íª©èÜ¹ñªAGNU Make Ìo[W
 3.70 ÉÍí½µÌCÉüçÈ¢uÁ¥vª èÜ·BVPATH ðâÎpX
¼Å^¦½êA¨©µÈ®ìð·éÌÅ·B±êÉÎ·é«íßÄÀèµ
½pb`ð Paul D. Smith <psmith@wellfleet.com> ªñµÄ¢Ü·BÜ½
AÞÍ GNU Make ªXV³êé½ÑÉAj[XO[v gnu.utils.bug Éh
LgÆpb`ðeµÄ¢Ü·Bí½µÍAANZX·éVXeÌÙ
Ú·×ÄÌ gmake É±Ìpb`ðÄÄÄRpCµÄ¢Ü·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.10. u[gÌ½ÑÉ¢¿¢¿ fsck ·éÌðâß³¹éÉÍH`Dale Lutz
<dal@wimsey.com>

QFu[gÌ½ÑÉ e2fsck ªfBXNð`FbNµÜ·Bâß³¹éÉÍH

J[lðÄ\z·éÆA»Ìt@CVXeÍ "dirty" Æ}[N³êA»
ÌÊAu[gÌ½ÑÉfBXNª`FbN³êÄµÜ¢Ü·B±êðâß³
¹éÉÍAÌR}hðÀsµÜ·B

  rdev -R /zImage 1                                                    

±ÌR}hÅJ[lªC³³êéÌÅAt@CVXeÍ "dirty" ¾Æ
»f³êé±ÆªÈÈèÜ·B

    Ó: lilo ðgÁÄ¢éêAlilo ÌÝèt@C (ÊíÍA/etc/
    lilo.conf) Ì linux ÝèÌªÉ read-only ðÁ¦Ä¾³¢B
   
ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.11. u[gÌÛA"device busy" Ì¹¢Å fsck ³êéÌðð¯éû@`
Jon Tombs <jon@gtex02.us.es>

Vbg_EÉ "device busy" G[ªp·éêÍAu[gÉt
@CVXeª fsck ³êÜ·BÈºÉÈPÈC³û@ðq×Ü·B

/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt © /etc/rc.d/rc.0 ÉÚ®µA»µÄ

  mount -o remount,ro /mount.dir                                       

ÌêsðAumout -a ðÄÔOÉA/ ð¢½A}Eg·é\èÌ·×ÄÌt
@CVXeÉÎµÄt¯Á¦Ü·B±¤·êÎA½ç©ÌRÅ shutdown
ªvZXÌ kill É¸sµÄfBXNÌ umount ªÅ«È©Á½êÅàA
u[gÌÛAfBXNÍ "clean" ÈÜÜÅ·Bu[gÔð©Èèßñµ
ÄêÜ·B 

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.12. n[hfBXNãÌêÔå«Èt@Cð©Â¯éû@`Simon Amor
<simon@foobar.co.uk>

  ls -l | sort +4n                                                     

 é¢ÍAfBXNXy[XªÜ³ÉNµÄ¢éêÉÍA¿åÁÆÔª
|©èÜ·ªAøÊÄ«ßñÌÌR}hðgÁÄ¾³¢B

  cd /                                                                 
  ls -lR | sort +4n                                                    

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.13. p`ðJ¯é}[WðæÁÄvgAEg·éû@`Mike
Dickey <mdickey@thorplus.lib.purdue.edu>

  #!/bin/sh                                                            
  # /usr/local/bin/print                                               
  # a simple formatted printout, to enable someone to                  
  # 3-hole punch the output and put it in a binder                     
                                                                       
  cat $1 | pr -t -o 5 -w 85 | lpr                                      

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.14. ÁèÌ³K\»ðgÁÄt@Cc[ðõ·éû@`Raul Deluth
Miller <rockwell@nova.umd.edu>

í½µÍ±ÌXNvgð "forall" ÆÄñÅ¢Ü·BÌæ¤ÉµÄgÁÄ
¾³¢B

  forall /usr/include grep -i ioctl                                    
  forall /usr/man grep ioctl                                           

ÈºÍA"forall" ÌgÅ·B

  #!/bin/sh                                                            
  if [ 1 = `expr 2 \> $#` ]                                            
  then                                                                 
          echo Usage: $0 dir cmd [optargs]                             
          exit 1                                                       
  fi                                                                   
  dir=$1                                                               
  shift                                                                
  find $dir -type f -print | xargs "$@"                                

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.15. vOªèÉìÁ½obNAbvt@CâI[gZ[ut@C
ð|·éXNvg`Barry Tolnas <tolnas@nestor.engr.utk.edu>

ÈºÅÐî·éÌÍAemacs ÌI[gZ[ut@C( #)AobNAbvt@
C(~)A .o t@CATeX Ì .log t@CÉÂ¢ÄAt@CKwðÄA
IÉº~µÄí·éÈPÈ 2 smÅ·B.tex Æ README t@CÌ³k
àµÜ·Bí½µÍ±êð "sqeeze" ÆÄñÅ¢Ü·B

  #!/bin/sh                                                                                 
  #SQUEEZE removes unnecessary files and compresses .tex and README files                   
  #By Barry tolnas, tolnas@sun1.engr.utk.edu                                                
  #                                                                                         
  echo squeezing $PWD                                                                       
  find  $PWD \( -name \*~ -or -name \*.o -or -name \*.log -or -name \*\#\) -exec            
  rm -f {} \;                                                                               
  find $PWD \( -name \*.tex -or -name \*README\* -or -name \*readme\* \) -exec gzip -9 {} \;

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.16. êÔðHÁÄ¢évZXðT·û@`Simon Amor
<simon@foobar.co.uk >

  ps -aux | sort +4n                                                   

Ü½ÍA

  ps -aux | sort +5n                                                   

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.17. C vO~Oü¯É vi ð¢¶é`Paul Anderson Tips-HOWTO Ç
Ò

í½µÍAÉª éÆ C vOð¢ÄÜ·B»ÌÔÉAvi Å C ð
«â··é½ßÌC³ðÁ¦Üµ½BÈºªí½µÌ .exrc Å·B

  set autoindent                                                       
  set shiftwidth=4                                                     
  set backspace=2                                                      
  set ruler                                                            

±êª½ðµÄ¢é©Æ¢¤ÆAÜ¸ autoindent ÍAÅÉêxCfg
ðüêéÆ»êÈºÌsÅà©®IÉCfgðüêéàÌÅ·B
shiftwidth ÍA^T ðXy[X 4 ÂªÉÝè·éàÌÅAbackspace ÍA
backspace [hÉÝè·éàÌAruler ÍAsÔð\¦·éàÌÅ·BÁ
èÌsÔÉÚ®·éêA½Æ¦Î 20 sÚÉsÉÍAÌR}hðg
¢Ü·B

  vi +20 myfile.c                                                      

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.18. ctags ðgÁÄAvO~Oðâèâ··éû@

½¢Ä¢ÌnbJ[ÍARs[^ãÉ ctags ðüêÄ¢Ü·ªAgÁÄÜ
¹ñBÅàA±êÍÁèÌÖðÒW·éÛÉÆÄàÖÅ·B½Æ¦ÎA 
éÖª èA»êªì¬ÌvOpfBNgàÌ½³ñÌ\[
Xt@CÌÐÆÂÉüÁÄ¢ÄA¿å¤ÇXVÌ½ßÉ»ÌÖÌÒWðµ
½¢Ì¾ÆµÜ·B»µÄA±ÌÖÌ¼OÍAfoo() ¾ÆµÄA±êðÇÌ
\[Xt@CÉüê½Ì©YêÄµÜÁ½ÆµÜ·Bctags ªÖÈÌÍ»
¤¢¤êÅ·Bctags ðÀs·éÆAtags Æ¢¤t@CªJgfB
NgÉì¬³êA»Ìt@CÉ·×ÄÌÖª\¦³êÜ·B»µÄA»
êçªÇÌt@CÉ éÌ©A»Ìt@CàÌÇ±É éÌ©ð³¦Ä
êÜ·Btags t@CÌgÍÌæ¤ÈàÌÅ·B

   ActiveIconManager    iconmgr.c       /^void ActiveIconManager(active)$/                       
  AddDefaultBindings    add_window.c    /^AddDefaultBindings ()$/                                
  AddEndResize  resize.c        /^AddEndResize(tmp_win)$/                                        
  AddFuncButton menus.c /^Bool AddFuncButton (num, cont, mods, func, menu, item)$/               
  AddFuncKey    menus.c /^Bool AddFuncKey (name, cont, mods, func, menu, win_name, action)$/     
  AddIconManager        iconmgr.c       /^WList *AddIconManager(tmp_win)$/                       
  AddIconRegion icons.c /^AddIconRegion(geom, grav1, grav2, stepx, stepy)$/                      
  AddStartResize        resize.c        /^AddStartResize(tmp_win, x, y, w, h)$/                  
  AddToClientsList      workmgr.c       /^void AddToClientsList (workspace, client)$/            
  AddToList     list.c  /^AddToList(list_head, name, ptr)$/                                      

vim ÅA½Æ¦Î AddEndResize() ðÒW·éêÍAÌæ¤ÉµÜ·B

  vim -t AddEndResize                                                  

±êÉæÁÄAGfB^ÉKØÈt@CªÇÝÜêAJ[\Êuªwè
µ½ÖÌÅÉ«Ü·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.19. Red Hat Å sendmail ªN®É 5 ªÔnO·éR`Paul
Anderson <paul@geeky1.ebtech.net>

±êÍAFAQ ÌÎÛÉÈéç¢Lmçê½âèÅ·BRed Hat ÌfBXg
r[VÅ±ÌoOªC³³ê½Ì©Ç¤©ÍmèÜ¹ñªA©ªÅ¼
·±ÆàÅ«Ü·B/etc/hosts t@Cð`ÆAÌæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢éÌª
ª©éÆv¢Ü·B

¡¢
   127.0.0.1             localhost       yourbox                      
¤£

sendmail ÍN®ÉzXg¼(ãLÌáÅÍA yourbox) ðTµÜ·B»µÄ
Ayourbox Ì IP ª 127.0.0.1 Å é±Æðméí¯Å·ªAsendmail Í±
Ì IP ª¢ÈÌÅAà¤êxAT»¤ÆµÜ·B±êð½x©JèÔµÄA
ÅãÉúßÄI¹µÄµÜ¢Ü·B±Ìâèðð·éÌÍÆÄàÈPÅA/
etc/hosts t@CðJ¢ÄA½Æ¦ÎÌæ¤ÉÏX·é¾¯Å·B

¡¢
   127.0.0.1             localhost                                    
   10.56.142.1           yourbox                                      
¤£

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.20. Red Hat Å color-ls ðg¤½ßÌÝèû@`Paul Anderson
<paul@geeky1.ebtech.net>

Red Hat fBXgr[VÉÍ color-ls ª¯«³êÄ¢Ü·ªAÇ¤
µÄúÝèÌFg¢ÌÜÜúu³êÄ¢éÌ©ðÉêµÝÜ·BÈºÍA
»êðC³·éàÌÅ·B

Ü¸Aeval `DIRCOLORS` Æ^CvµÜ·B

ÉAalias ls='ls --color=auto' ÆµÜ·B

»µÄAãL alias..... ð /etc/bashrc ÉLqµÜ·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.21. ÁèÌÖª /usr/lib ÌÇÌCuÉ é©T·û@`Pawel
Veselow <vps@unicorn.niimm.spb.su>

RpCÌrÅN·éKvª éCuª©½çÈ¢êAÇ
¤µÜ·H gcc ªñ·éÌÍÖ¼¾¯Å·BÈºÌÈPÈR}hÅA»
ÌÖð©Â¯é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

  for i in *; do echo $i:;nm $i|grep tgetnum 2>/dev/null;done          

ãLÌ tgetnum Æ¢¤ªÉATµÄ¢éÖ¼ªÍ¢èÜ·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

2.22. C ÌÈPÈ test vOðRpCµ½¯êÇAÀsµÄà½à
oÍ³êÈ¢I

¨»çA»ÌvOðRpCµÄAtest Æ¢¤¼OÌoCiðì
¬µ½ÌÅÍÈ¢Åµå¤©H Linux ÉÍ test Æ¢¤vOªàÆàÆ
¶ÝµÄ¢Ü·B±êÍA éðª^©Û©ðeXg·évOÅA^
ÌêÍæÊÉ½à\¦µÜ¹ñBPÉ test ÆÅÂÌÅÍÈA./test ÆÅ
ÁÄÝÄ¾³¢B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3. Úµ¢ Tips

3.1. Linux Æ Windows ÅXbvp[eBVð¤L·éû@`Tony
Acero <ace3@midway.uchicago.edu>

 

 1. Ü¸AÎÛÆÈép[eBVð DOS p[eBVÆµÄtH[}b
    gµÄA»Ìp[eBVãÉ Windows Xbvt@Cðì¬µÜ·
    Bµ©µAÜ¾ Windows ÍN®µÈ¢Å¾³¢( ÆÅ³kªæø
    æ¤ÉA±Ì_ÅÍXbvt@CðóÉµÄ¨¢Ä¾³¢)B
   
 2. Linux ðN®µÄAãLp[eBVðt@CÆµÄÛ¶µÜ·B½
    Æ¦ÎAp[eBVª /dev/hda8 Å éÆ·éÆAÈºÌæ¤ÉµÜ
    ·B
   
      dd if=/dev/hda8 of=/etc/dosswap                           
   
 3. DOS Xbvt@Cð³kµÜ·BÙÚ·×Ä 0 ªÀñÅ¢éÌÅA³
    kÍñíÉæø«Ü·B
   
      gzip -9 /etc/dosswap                                      
   
 4. /etc/rc t@CÉÌæ¤ÈsðÁ¦ÄALinux ãÉXbvXy[X
    ðõµACXg[µÜ·B
   
        Ó: XXXXX ÌªÉÍAXbvp[eBVÌubNªü
        èÜ·B
       
      mkswap /dev/hda8 XXXXX                                    
      swapon -av                                                
   
    /etc/fstab t@CÉ±ÌXbvp[eBVÌGgðÁ¦éÌ
    ðYêÈ¢Å¾³¢B
   
 5. ¨g¢Ì init ¨æÑ reboot pbP[Wª /etc/brc © /sbin/brc ðT
    |[gµÄ¢éêAÌsð /etc/brc Ét¯Á¦Ä¾³¢BT|[
    gµÄ¢È¢ÍADOS àµÍ OS/2 ðu[g·éêÅXbvp[
    eBVð DOS/Windows o[WÉßµ½¢êÉAºLðè®Åü
    ÍµÄ¾³¢B
   
      swapoff -av                                               
      zcat /etc/dosswap.gz | dd of=/dev/hda8 bs=1k count=100    
   
        Ó: ãLÍAÅÌ 100 ubNðp[eBVãÉ«ß·¾
        ¯Å·Bí½µÍAo±ã±êÅ[ª¾ÆvÁÄ¢Ü·B
       
>> ±Ìû@Ì·ÆZ

·F©ÈèÌfBXNXy[XðßñÅ«é±ÆB

ZFXebv 5 ð©®»Å«È¢êAñè®ÅüÍµÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢
ÌÅAu[gª 1 imbxêÄµÜ¤±ÆB:-)

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3.2. íµÄµÜÁ½t@CðÈñÆ©³¹éû@`Michael Hamilton
<michael@actrix.gen.nz>

±±ÅÍAí½µª±êÜÅ½x©gÁ½gbNðÐîµÜ·B

íµÄµÜÁ½eLXgt@CðÈñÆ©µÄ³¹éû@B

eLXgt@CA½Æ¦Î[â[éÌvO~OìÆÌ¬ÊÆ¢Á
½àÌðëÁÄíµÄµÜÁ½ÆµÄàAúßÄµÜ¤ÌÍvÅ·Bt@
CªêUfBXNÉ«ÜêÄ¢½êA·Èí¿A¾¢½¢ 30 bÈã
»±É Á½êÍA»ÌàeÍÜ¾fBXNp[eBVÉcÁÄ¢é©
àµêÜ¹ñB

grep R}hðgÁÄA¶ÌfBXNp[eBV (raw disk partition)
ðõµAt@CÌgðT·±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

½Æ¦ÎAÅßí½µÍëÁÄ é[ðíµÄµÜ¢Üµ½B»ÌÛA
Ü¸í½µÍ[ª¶ÝµÄ¢½p[eBVÌàeðÏXµÄµÜ¤æ
¤ÈìÆð·×Ä}ç¯æèâßÜµ½B±ÌÍAt@CðÛ¶µ½èAv
OðRpCµ½èµÈ¢æ¤ÉµÜµ½B»êÈOÉàAÀÛÉV
XeðVO[U[hÉÆµÄA»Ìt@CVXeð umount
µ½±Æà èÜµ½B

ÉAí½µÍAÎÛÆÈéfBXNp[eBVÉ egrep R}hð©¯
Üµ½B»ÌÛAíµÄµÜÁ½[Í /usr/local/home/michael/ Éu
©êÄ¢½ÌÅA df R}hÌoÍ©çA»êª /dev/hdb5 É é±Æªª
©èÜµ½B

  sputnik3:~ % df                                                      
    Filesystem         1024-blocks  Used Available Capacity Mounted on 
    /dev/hda3              18621    9759     7901     55%   /          
    /dev/hdb3             308852  258443    34458     88%   /usr       
    /dev/hdb5             466896  407062    35720     92%   /usr/local 
                                                                       
  sputnik3:~ % su                                                      
  Password:                                                            
  [michael@sputnik3 michael]# egrep -50 'ftp.+COL' /dev/hdb5 > /tmp/x  
                                                                       

í½µÍAfBXNp[eBVð¢¶éÛÍÉ[ÉTdÉÈéÌÅA±±
Åà^[L[ð·OÉAêUÔð¨¢ÄAR}hÌ\¶ª³m©Ç¤
©mFµÜµ½B±ÌêA[ÉÍ "ftp" Æ¢¤PêªÜÜêÄ¢ÄA»
ÌãÉ "COL" Æ¢¤PêÅnÜé¶Íª±¢Ä¢Üµ½B[ÌbZ[W
Í 20 sç¢¾Á½ÌÅA-50 ðgÁÄY·é¶ÍÌOã·×ÄÌeLX
gðæ¾·éæ¤ÉµÜµ½BÈOÍA-3000 ðgÁÄA\[XR[hÌ·×
ÄÌsðæ¾Å«éæ¤Éµ½±Æà è·BÜ½A±±ÅÍAegrep ÌoÍ
ðÊÌfBXNp[eBVÉ_CNgµÄ¢Ü·B±êÍATµÄ¢
é[ªAegrep ÌoÍÅã«³êÄµÜ¤±Æðh~·é½ßÅ·B

ÂÃ¢ÄAstrings ðgÁÄAæ¾µ½oÍð¸µÄÝÜµ½B

  strings /tmp/x | less                                                

vÁ½ÊèA[Í»ÌÉüÁÄ¢Üµ½B

±Ìû@ÍAfBXNXy[XÌSÜ½Íêª·ÅÉã«³êÄ¢éæ
¤ÈêÉÍA¬÷µÈ¢©àµêÜ¹ñB

±ÌgbNªLøÈÌÍA¨»çêlÅVXeðgÁÄ¢éê¾¯©
àµêÜ¹ñB¡Ì[Uª¢ÄAfBXNªpÉÉ«·¦çêéê¾
ÆAíµ½t@Cªu©êÄ¢½óÔÍ·ÅÉã«³êÄµÜÁÄ¢é
©àµêÜ¹ñB»êÉA½¢ÄÌ[UÍAt@Cð·éKvª é
Æ«ÅàA}VðèÉÆèèß·éæ¤È±ÆÍÅ«Ü¹ñB

í½µÌ©îÌVXeÅÍAßNÅ 3 xÙÇAúªÌ¬ÊðÔáÁÄ
ÌÄÄµÜÁ½ÛÉA±ÌgbNªð§¿Üµ½B±¤µ½ìÆðÊ¶Ä©
ªÅà½¢Öñiàµ½ÆvÁÄ¢é_ÍAtbs[ÉìÆÌobNAbv
ðæÁÄ¨æ¤ÉÈÁ½±ÆÅ·B¨©°ÅA±ÌgbNðg¤@ïÍ
ª¸èÜµ½B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3.3. immutable(sÏ)tOÌg¢û`Jim Dennis <jadestar@rahul.net>

Immutable tOðg¨¤B

VXeÌCXg[ÆÝèªÏñ¾çA·®É /binA /sbinA/usr/binA
/usr/sbinA/usr/lib (»Ì¼A¨æ»Kv»¤Èê) É¢ÁÄAÇñÇñ 
chattr +i R}hðÀsµÜ·B»µÄAroot ÉÈÁÄAJ[lt@C
Éà»ÌR}hðÀsµÄ¾³¢BÉAmkdir /etc/.dist/ ðÀsµÄ
A/etc ÈºÉ éSt@Cð»ÌfBNgÉRs[µÜ· (í½µÍA
êU /tmp/etcdist.tar ðìé±ÆÅARs[ª[v·éÌðh¢Å¢Ü·
B/etc/.dist.tar.gz ðìéÆ¢¤ÌÅà¢¢Åµå¤)B»µÄA»êçÌt
@Cà immutable ÉµÜ·B

±Ìæ¤ÉµÄ¨ÆAroot ÅOCµ½ÛÅàN±è¤é_[WðÅ¬
ÀÉH¢~ßçêÜ·B_CNVìðëÁÄt@Cðã«·é
±ÆªÈÈèÜ·µArm -fr R}hÅÔáÁÄXy[XðüêÄµÜ¢V
XeðsÀèÉµÄµÜ¤±ÆàÈÈèÜ·(»ÌêÅàAf[^ÉÍ©
ÈèÌ_[WªyÔ©àµêÜ¹ñªACuÆoCiÌÀS«Íü
ãµÜ·)B

Ü½A±ÌìÆÉæèZLeBSÊª»³êAT[rXðâ~³¹éæ
¤ÈUªsÂ\àµÍæè¢ïÉÈèÜ·(»¤µ½UÌ½ÍASUID
³ê½vOÌ®ð«pµÄt@Cðã«·éû@ðÆÁÄ¢Ü·
ªA»¤µ½ SUID ³ê½vOÍ{èÈVFR}hÌÀsð
·àÌÅÍÈ¢©çÅ·)B

±ÌìÆÉæéBêÌZÍAlXÈVXeR}hðrhµÄA make
install ·éÛÉsÖª¶¶éÆ¢¤_Å·BÂÜèAmake install ·éê
ÅàAt@Cðã«Å«ÈÈÁÄµÜ¢Ü·B ç©¶ß Makefile ð
ÇñÅAã«³êé±ÆÉÈét@C(¨æÑt@CªCXg[³ê
éfBNg) ÉÎµÄ chattr -i ðÀs·éÌðYêéÆAmake ª¸s
µÄµÜ¢Ü·B»¤µ½êÍAchattr ðÀsµAÄx make µÄ¾³¢
BÜ½A»Ì@ïðpµÄAÃ¢oCiâCuÈÇð .old/ fB
NgÉÚ®³¹½èAl[µ½èA tar ÅÜÆßÄ¨¢½è·éÆ¢¢
©àµêÜ¹ñB

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3.4. Vµ¢mðüêéêÉÂ¢ÄÌñ¾`Jim Dennis
<jadestr@rahul.net>

Vµ¢mÍÝñÈ /usr/local © /usr/local/'hostname' ©çnßæ¤B

¨g¢ÌfBXgr[VÌ /usr/local ÈºªóÉÈÁÄ¢éÈçA
©ªÅ /usr/local/src â /usr/local/bin ÈÇðì¬µÄg¢Üµå¤B¨
g¢ÌfBXgr[VÌ /usr/local ÈºÉ·ÅÉt@Cc[ª
 éêÍAmkdir /usr/local/'hostname' ðÀsµ½ãÅA'wheel' O[
vÉ«Ý À(+w) ð^¦Üµå¤(í½µÍ³çÉASUID ¨æÑ SGID ·
é±ÆÅAwheel O[vÌÂXÌo¾¯ª»±Ét@Cðu¯A»ê
çÌSt@Cª wheel O[vÉ®·éæ¤ÉµÄ¢Ü·)B

±ê©çÍA¢ÂàI¢ÂàI¢ÂàIVµ¢pbP[Wð /usr/local/src
/.from/æ¾êÌ¼O($WHERE_I_GOT_IT)/ Éu¢ÄA/usr/local/src (àµ
Í ... /$HOSTNAME/src) ÈºÅRpC·éæ¤ÉµÜµå¤BàµuÇ
¤µÄàv/bin â /usr/bin ÉCXg[µÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢vO
Å éÈçA/usr/local/ ÈºÌKw©çKvÈêÉV{bNNð
£éæ¤ÉµÜµå¤B

±¤µ½ìÆÍÊ|ÅÍ èÜ·ªA±êÉæÁÄAfBXgr[V
ÌfBA(ÅßÍ CD ªêÊIÅ·)©çSÌðÄCXg[·éÛÉAo
bNAbvâXgA·×«ªÆAÄCXg[·×«ªðª¯â·
ÈèÜ·BÜ½A/usr/local/.from fBNgðg¤±ÆÅA\[XðÇ±
©çæÁÄ«½©ðs®SÈªçL^µÄ¨±ÆªÅ«éÌÅApbP[W
ðXV·éÆ«ÉÖÅ·µAZLeBÖWÌAiEXðÇ¢©¯éÆ
«ÉÍñíÉdvÈîñÉÈèÜ·B

©îÌVXeÌÐÆÂ(¡±êð¢Ä¢é}V)ðg¢nß½Aí½
µÍÜ¾±¤µ½ûjðÀsµÄ¢Ü¹ñÅµ½B»êä¦AuCXg[
µ½ÌvóÔÆ»ÝÌóÔÆªÇê¾¯á¤©¢¾Éæª©ÁÄ¢Ü¹
ñB}VÌVXeÝèÍÙÆñÇ¢¶ÁÄ¨ç¸A±êðgÁÄ¢éÌÍ
©ª¾¯Å éÉàÖíç¸A»ñÈóµÈÌÅ·B

»êÉÐ«©¦Aí½µªEê(VXeÇÒÌððâç³êÄ¢½ Å·)
ÅÝuµ½VXeÍA·×ÄãLÌû@ÅÝèµÜµ½B»êçÌ}VÍ
A_ñæÌ SE âîñÖWÌlXÈÐÆÑÆÉæÁÄÇ³êÄ«Üµ½ªA
¡Åàí½µÍAÅÉCXg[ÆÝèðµ½ãÉgÝüêçê½pbP
[WªÇêÈÌ©ðÂÔ³ÉðµÄ¢Ü·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3.5. fBNgàÌt@C¼ð¬¶ÉÏ··é`Justin Dossey
<dossey@ou.edu>

Linux Gazette Ì issue 12 ÉfÚ³êÄ¢é 2c tips (óF´¶ÍA±¿
ç <http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue12/lg_tips12.html#lowerit>Å·BÈ
¨A±Ì Tips ÍALinux Gazette issue 13 <http://www.linuxgazette.com/
issue13/lg_tips13.html#notes> ÉfÚ³êÄ¢Ü·BRû³ñAîññ 
èªÆ¤²´¢Üµ½B) ÅA¿åÁÆïµ·¬é©sKvÆvíêéèª
Ðî³êÄ¢é±ÆÉCt«Üµ½Bû@Í¢ë¢ë éí¯ÈÌÅAí½µ
©çà»ÌèðÐîµÜ·B

  #!/bin/sh                                                               
         # lowerit                                                        
         # JgfBNgÌSt@C¼ð¬¶ÉÏ··éXNvg 
         # Êít@C¾¯ðÎÛÆ·é --fBNg¼ÍÏXµÈ¢      
         # ù¶Ìt@Cðã«·éOÉAmFðßé                   
         for x in `ls`                                                    
           do                                                             
           if [ ! -f $x ]; then                                           
             continue                                                     
             fi                                                           
           lc=`echo $x  | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`                             
           if [ $lc != $x ]; then                                         
             mv -i $x $lc                                                 
           fi                                                             
           done                                                           

ñ`A··¬Ü·Bí½µÈçA±¤¢¤Ó¤ÉÍ«Ü¹ñBÞµëAÌ
R}hðg¢Ü·B

  for i in * ; do [ -f $i ] && mv -i $i `echo $i | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`;
  done;                                                                

±êÈçAR}hCÅoÜ·B

±ÌeÒÍAÞªgÁÄ¢éû@ðª©èÕ¢XNvgÉµ½Æ¢ÁÄ¢
Ü·ª(ºLQÆ)A¿åÁÆá¤Æv¤B

Ì tips ÍA[UÌÇÁÆíÉÂ¢ÄÅ·BGeoff ÍãèâÁÄ¢Ü
·ªAÅãÌèªæÈ¢Bu[gHÞª[UÌíÌ½ÑÉu[g
µÄ¢È¢±Æð]ÝÜ·BÅÌÓ½ÂÌèÅ[ªÅ·B»Ì[UªÇ
ñÈvZXðç¹Ä¢éÌÅµå¤©H IRC {bgÅµå¤©H»¤µ
½vZXÍÌR}hÅÈPÉ kill Å«Ü·B

  kill -9 `ps -aux |grep ^ |tr -s " " |cut -d " " -f2`                 

½Æ¦ÎA[U¼ª foo ÈçAÈºÌæ¤ÉÈèÜ·B

  kill -9 `ps -aux |grep ^foo |tr -s " " |cut -d " " -f2`              

±êÅ[ªÅ·BYêÄ½ root pX[hªKvÉÈèÜ·ªB

Linux Gazette ÅÐî³êÄéð@ÍÅàÄp«ª èÜ·ªAêÔÈPÈ
û@Æ¢¤í¯¶á èÜ¹ñBLILO â loadlin ðgÁÄ¢éÈçAu[g
p^ÆµÄ "single" ðüÍµÄAOCè±«âpX[hÈµÅf
tHgVFð¼ÚN®Å«Ü·B»ÌóÔÅpX[hðÏX·é©í
µ½ãÅA"init" ðüÍµA}`[U[hÉÚs·êÎ¢¢Æv¢Ü·
B±ÌêAu[gñÍ 1 ñÅÏÝÜ·B»¤ÅÈ¢Æ 2 ñKvÅ·B

Justin Dossey

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3.6. Sendmail ðAbvO[h·éû@`Paul Anderson
<paul@geeky1.ebtech.net >

±±ÅÍA½àC³³êÄ¢È¢IWiÌ\[Xðg¢Ü·BÜ¸A
sendmail Ì\[XR[hðüèµÜ·Bí½µÍAversion 8.9.0 ðæÁÄ«
Üµ½B±êÍA¨CÃ«©Æv¢Ü·ªAÀèÅÅÍ èÜ¹ñBæ¾æÍ
A ftp.sendmail.org:/pub/sendmail/sendmail.8.9.0.tar.gz <ftp://
ftp.sendmail.org:/pub/sendmail/sendmail.8.9.0.tar.gz> Åµ½B

±êÍ 1 KOã èA»Ýí½µÍ 8.7.6 ðgÁÄ¢é±Æðl¶·éÆ
A±ÌìÆÍÈ©È©åÏÅ·Bãè¢¯Î[ÌâèÆèªÅ«Ü·ª
A»¤ÅÈ¢ÆA[ÈµÅÍ HOWTO ÌVÅðo¹ÈÈÁÄµÜ¢Ü·
B:)

\[XðÆµ½çAðµÜ·Bð·éÆAJgfBNgÉ
sendmail-8.9.0 Æ¢¤TufBNgªì¬³êÜ·B»ÌfBNgÉ
Ú®µÄAREADME Æ README_NOTES ðÇÝÜµå¤(»µÄAJÒ½¿ªB
¬µ½XVÊÉÁ±µÜµå¤)BÉAsrc fBNgÉÚ®µÜ·Bì
ÆÌÙÆñÇÍA±±Ås¢Ü·B

    ÈPÈÓ: sendmail ÍARpNgÅptÈñíÉÇÅ«½v
    OÅ·B sendmail ÌoCiÍA5x86 133MHx Ì CPU Æ 32M oC
    g RAM Ìí½µÌÂ«Åà 5 ªÈºÅRpCÅ«Üµ½B(Ýèð
    ¢½)RpCÆCXg[SÌÅA15 ªÈºÅ·I
   
í½µÍi©ªÌVXeãÅ BIND ð®©µÄ¢È¢ÌÅAÌsÍA

  # ifndef NAMED_BIND                                                       
  #  define NAMED_BIND    1       /* use Berkeley Internet Domain Server */ 
  # endif                                                                   

1 ð 0 ÉÏXµAÈºÌæ¤ÉµÜµ½B

  # ifndef NAMED_BIND                                                       
  #  define NAMED_BIND    0       /* use Berkeley Internet Domain Server */ 
  # endif                                                                   

Debian 1.3.1 ÌêAftHgÅ db.h ÍAsendmail ÅKvÆ³êé /usr
/include ÅÍÈA/usr/include/db ÉCXg[³êÜ·B»êä¦A
srcAmailstatsA makemapA praliasesA rmailA smrsh Ì»ê¼êÌfB
NgÉÚ®µÄAÌR}hðÀsµÄ¾³¢B

 ./Build -I/usr/include/db                                             

ÈãªÏñ¾çAcd .. ðÀsµAmake install ÆÅÁÄ¾³¢B±êÅ
sendmail version 8.9.0 ªCXg[³êÜ·Ià¿ëñ±êÍA©ªpÌ
Ýèt@CðùÉàÁÄ¢éêÅ·Bí½µÍ majordomo ðgÁ½t[
[OXgðzXgµÄ¢éÌÅA·×ÄðX[XÉÒ³¹é½ß
ÉAÌsð /etc/sendmail.cf Ét¯Á¦éKvª èÜµ½B

  O DontBlameSendmail=forwardfileinunsafedirpath, forwardfileinunsafedirpathsafe

sendmail 8.9.0 ÍAfBNgzuât@Cp[~bVÌÝèðÅß
×©`FbN·éæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢éÌÅAGCAXÆÈÁÄ¢éfBN
gât@CAàµÍO[vÅÌ«Ý Àâ©RÈ«Ý Àª
t¯çê½ .forward t@CÉÂ¢Ä sendmail ©ç¶åªoé©àµêÜ
¹ñB±¤µ½×©È`FbN@\ðâ~³¹é±ÆÍæ¢l¦ÅÍ èÜ¹
ñªAí½µÍVO[UÅR\[ðgÁÄìÆ·é¾¯ÈÌÅA`
FbN@\â~ª¬³ÈZLeBz[ÆÈÁ½ÆµÄàåäv¾ë¤Æ
vÁÄ¢Ü·B»Ì ½èÍA²©ªÌÂ«É í¹Ä»fµÄ¾³¢B
YMMV

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3.7. VlVXeÇÒÌ½ßÌ tips `Jim Dennis <jadestar@rahul.net>

/README.'hostname' © /etc/README.'hostname' ÌÇ¿ç©êûàµÍ¼û
ðìÁÄA»êðÇ·é±Æ [  é¢ÍA/usr/local/etc/
README.'hostname' Åà¢¢Åµå¤`Çl]

VXeÇðnß½»Ìú©çAK¸ICÌOt@CÉL^ðt
¯éæ¤ÉµÜµå¤Broot Ì /bash_logout É "vi /README.$(hostname)"
Æ¢¤êsðüêÄ¨±ÆàÅ«Ü·B é¢ÍAÌæ¤È su àµÍ 
sudo XNvgð¢Ä¨¢Äàæ¢Åµå¤B

  function exit \                                                      
          { unset exit; exit; \                                        
            cat ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d) \                        
            >> /README.$(hostname) && \                                
            vi /README.$(hostname)                                     
            }                                                          
  script -a ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d)                              
  /bin/su.org -                                                        

(üÍððL^·éR}hðgÁÄZbVOðæéÆÆàÉAÖð
ì¬µÄ©®IÉ»ÌOÉÇÁEXVªÈ³êéæ¤ÉµÄ¢Ü·)

í½µ©gÍA±¤µ½©®»ðûjÆµÄÌpµÄ¢Ü¹ñB±êÜÅè®
ÅL^·éKµðçÁÄ«Üµ½B½¾A©®»Æ¢¤ÌàA©ÈÆvÁÄ
¢é¾¯Å·(²Ìæ¤ÉAXNvgâVFÖðìÁÄÝ½èÍµÄé
í¯Å·)BãLXNvgÅCÉÈé_ÍAscript R}hªüÁÄ¢éÆ
±ëÅ·B±ÌR}hÌ\[XðæÁÄ«ÄA(R}hðÌL^ðêâ
~µ½è~µ½èoéæ¤È)R}hCp^ðt¯Á¦Ä©çA
±êðg¨¤Æl¦Ä¢Ü·B

í½µÌ(¡ñÌ)ÅãÌñÄÍA

root [UÌpXÍA'PATH=/bin' Æ·×«Å é

Æ¢¤±ÆÅ·Broot ÌpXÉ»êÈOðt¯Á¦é×«ÅÍ èÜ¹ñB
[gÌìÆÅg¤R}hÍA/bin ©çÌV{bNN©GCAXA
àµÍVFÖÆ¢¤©½¿Åñ·é©A é¢ÍA /bin É éXN
vg©oCiÆ·é©AâÎpXðwè·é©Ì¢¸ê©É·×«Å·B

±¤µÄ¨¯ÎAroot  ÀÅìÆð·élÍA©ªªÇêÙÇoCiðè
ÉµÄ¢é©(Æ«ÉÍAÉ¢ÙÇ)ª©éÍ¸Å·B}`[UÌzXgð
Ç·é«¾ÈVXeÇÒÈçA©ªÌ /bin â /.*history t@Cð
èúIÉ²×ÄAÈñç©Ìp^[â²¯ªÈ¢©Ç¤©T·æ¤ÉÈé
Åµå¤B

{ÉCÌ éVXeÇÒÈçA©®»Å«éÓðTµÄAVX
eÌÃ«ð¸·évOðKvÈêÉu±ÆÅAroot  ÀªK
vÈìÆð¢¿¢¿µÈ¢ÅÏÞæ¤É·éÅµå¤ (XNvgÉæÁÄ@
\ð×©²®Å«éAGfB^â MTA »Ì¼ÌÎbIÈåvOÉÂ
¢ÄÍA§ßIÈt@Câf[^t@Cªp³êé±ÆÉÈéÅµå¤
B½Æ¦ÎA«¼¢ vi Ì ./.exrc â emacs Ì ./.emacsA³çÉÊ|È
$EXINIT ¨æÑgÝÝwb_âtb^}NÆ¢Á½àÌÅ·)BRA»¤
µ½R}hÍAÌæ¤ÉÀs·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B

  cp $data $some_users_home/tmp                                        
  su -c $origcommand $whatever_switches                                
  cp $some_users_home/tmp $data                                        

(IvVâøÍAR}hÉæÁÄÙÈèÜ·)

©îÅp·éêâ[Uª©ª¾¯Æ¢¤êAã¼ªÅÌñÄÍå°
³ÅÍ èÜ·ªA}`[UVXeÌÇÒAÁÉC^[lbgÉí
Ú±³êÄ¢é(lbgÖAéÆÈÇÌ)VXeÌÇÒÌêA±êçÍ
ñíÉLvÈ|V[Å éÆv¢Ü·B

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

3.8. xdm Å X T[oÌzXgIðªÅ«éæ¤É·éÝèû@`Arrigo
Triulzi <a.triulzi@ic.ac.uk>

 

 1. xdm ðN®·ét@C(½¢Ä¢A/etc/rc/rc.6 © /etc/rc.local É 
    èÜ·)ðJ¢ÄAxdm ÌN®ZNVªÌæ¤ÈàeÉÈéæ¤ÒW
    µÜ·B
   
                                                                
      /usr/bin/X11/xdm                                          
      exec /usr/bin/X11/X -indirect hostname                    
   
 2. /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers ðJ¢ÄA[J}VãÌ X T[oðN
    ®³¹ésðRgAEgµÜ·(·Èí¿AN®µÈ¢æ¤ÉµÜ·)
    B
   
 3. }Vðu[g·éÆA[J}VãÌ X T[oàA[g}V
    Ì X T[oà¼ûg¦éæ¤ÉÈèÜ·B
   
 

±êðÐî·éÌÍAí½µªÈñÆ©©ª©gÌTulbgðÝèµÄ»Ý
ÌóÔÉàÁÄéÛA·×ÄÌâèÌðÉ 2 TÔ¿©©©Á½©çÅ·
B

ÓFÃ¢ SLS (1.1.1) ðg¤êARÍæª©èÜ¹ñªAxdm ÌÝè
sÉ -nodaemon Æ¢¤Lqðüê½ÜÜÉ·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B½¾µA±ê
ÍA»êÈ~Ìo[WÉÍÄÍÜèÜ¹ñB

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

4. ú{êóÉÂ¢Ä

|óFàVáÁv(1996/10/01) <JCD00743@niftyserve.jp>
XVFçUTi(2001/03/20) <ysenda@pop01.odn.ne.jp>
Z³FRû³ñ(2001/07/07) <keita@kyomu.net>

ëóEëEEª èÜµ½çA<JF@linux.or.jp> ÜÅ²A¾³¢B