Sophie: howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0 noarch

howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0.noarch.rpm

  From VMS to Linux HOWTO
  ÒFGuido Gonzato,  <guido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it>, and Mike
  Miller,  <miller5@uiuc.edu>
  v1.1.3 1999N917ú
  |óFÂì ³K  <masayuki@shikoku.ne.jp>
  ú{êóF 1999N106úì¬

  ±Ì¶ÍAVMS ðgÁÄ¢ÄAt[ UNIX N[Å é Linux ÖØè
  Ö¦æ¤Æl¦Ä¢élBÌè¯ÉÈêÎÆv¢¢½àÌÅ·B Linux
  ÖÌÚsª(]ÞçÍ)yÉÅ«éæ¤AR}hâc[ÌärÈÇð·è
  ñÅ¢Ü·B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ú

  1. Cg_NV
     1.1 Èº Linux ÈÌ©H
     1.2 R}hât@CìÌär

  2. V[gCg_NV
     2.1 t@C
     2.2 fBNg
     2.3 vO
     2.4 NCbNcA[

  3. t@CÌÒW
  4. TeX
  5. vO~O
     5.1 Fortran
     5.2 make Ìg¢©½
     5.3 VFXNvg
     5.4 C

  6. OtBbNX
  7. [ÆC^[lbgc[
  8. xÈbè
     8.1 p[~bVÆL 
     8.2 }`^XNFvZXÆWu
     8.3 ÄxAt@CÉÂ¢Ä
     8.4 v^[L[

  9. Ýè
  10. ðÉ§ÂvO
     10.1 t@CÌuEY less
     10.2 Linux ÅÌtÔÉæéobNAbv
     10.3 A[JCuFtar Æ gzip

  11. À¶ÅÌá
  12. ±êÈµÅÍâÁÄä¯È¢é
  13. Linux Å VMS Ìe[vðÇÞÉÍ
     13.1 Í¶ßÉ
     13.2 îb
     13.3 Ú×
     13.4 ubNTCYÉÂ¢ÄÌðà

  14. IèÉ
     14.1 Copyright
     14.2 Disclaimer
     14.3 ú{êÅÓ«

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Cg_NV

  1.1.  Èº Linux ÈÌ©H

   È½Í UNIX ªïµ¢Æ·¢ÄAVMS ©çÌÚsð¿ã¤¿åµÄ¢Ü¹ñ
  ©HäSzÈBôû³ê½ UNIX N[ÌêÂÅ é Linux Í VMS ðµ
  ¤ÙÇïµÈ¢µAÀÛAyµ¢àÌÅ·æBM¶IÈ VMS t@Í¯Ó
  µÈ¢©àµêÈ¢¯ÇAåûÌÓ©ÍA Linux ÌÙ¤ªÍé©ÉÍÅ
  \¾Æ¢¤±ÆÅ·B

  Linux Æ VMS Í¼ÒÆà·Îçµ¢Iy[eBOVXeÅAÇ¿çð
  gÁÄà¯¶dªÅ«Ü·ªALinux ÉÍ VMS ðãÖ·éÉ½éÛ¾Á½
  Á¥ª èÜ·B»ÌãAVMS ÅÍÜ¾À»µÄ¢Ü¹ñªALinux Í VAX
  ð½®«\ðàÂÅVÌ Pentium PC Å®¢Ä¢Ü·BVsÌ«\O
  tBbNJ[hðÚµ½ Linux @Å X11 ðp·êÎA¬OtBbN
  [NXe[VªÅ« ªéAÆ¢¤¨Ü¯à èÜ·B«\ÍÙÚáO
  ÈOtBbNXêp@ð½¬Ü·©çB

   È½ÍåwÌ¤Ò©w¶ÅAVMS ðgÁÄÌæ¤ÈdðµÄ¢éñ
  ¶áÈ¢Åµå¤©B

  o  TeX/LaTeX ðgÁÄ_¶ð

  o  Fortran vO~O

  o  }â\Ìì¬

  o  C^[lbgÌp

  o  »Ì¼ ...

  Í©çA È½Ì VMS ÅÌo±à¥Ü¦ÄA±¤¢Á½dð Linux ÅÍ
  ÇñÈÉâéÌ©à¾µÄ¢«Ü·B

  OñðF

  o  Linux Æ X Window System ª³µCXg[³êÄ¢é±ÆB

  o  ZpãÌ×©ÈÊ|ðÝÄêéÇÒª¢é±Æ (¿âÍÉÅÍÈ
     AÇÒÌûÉµÄ¾³¢Ë ;-) B

  o  VF - DCL Æ¯¶àÌ - Í bash ðg¢Ü·(VXeÇÒÉmFµ
     Ä¾³¢)B

  ±Ì HOWTO ¶ÍALinux ÉÂ¢Ä\ªà¾µ½àÌ¶áÈÄAÅÉ
  mÁÄ¨×«ÅáÀÌ¿ÉÂ¢Äq×½àÌÅ·B]ÁÄALinux ðg¢
  ±È·½ßÉÍA³çÉwÎÈ¯ÎÈèÜ¹ñ (xÈ bash ÌÁ¥AvO
  ~OA³K\» ÈÇ...)B±êÈ~AuÚ×ÉÂ¢ÄÍ man y[WðQ
  ÆÌ±ÆvÆ¢¤Ó¡ÅARMP(please Read the Man Pages for further
  details) Æ¢¤}[Nðg¢Ü·B

  ±Ì ftp TC g <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/LDP>©çüèÂ
  \È Linux Documentation Project Ì¶ªdvÈîñ¹ÆÈéÅµå¤B
  SÒü¯ÆµÄALarry Greenfield Ìu Linux User Guide vð¨Eßµ
  Ü·B

  ³ AÍ¶ßÜµå¤

  1.2.  R}hât@CìÌär

  ±êÍAVMS Æ Linux Åæg¤R}hÌär\Å·B¶@ª©ÈèÙ
  ÈÁÄ¢Ü·B | Ú×ÍÍÈ~ðä¾³¢B

       VMS                             Linux                   Notes
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       @COMMAND                        command                 Àst@CÅ é±Æ
       COPY file1 file2                cp file1 file2
       CREATE/DIR [.dirname]           mkdir dirname           êxÉêñÀs
       CREATE/DIR [.dir1.dir2]         mkdirhier dir/name
       DELETE filename                 rm filename
       DIFF file1 file2                diff -c file1 file2
       DIRECTORY                       ls
       DIRECTORY [...]file             find . -name file
       DIRECTORY/FULL                  ls -al
       EDIT filename                   vi filename,            ½ªCÉüçÈ¢Åµå¤
                                       emacs filename,         EDT Ý·
                                       jed filename            ¯ã--  Ì¨CÉüè
       FORTRAN prog.for                g77 prog.f,             LINK ÌÀsÍsv
                                       f77 prog.f,
                                       fort77 prog.f
       HELP command                    man command             u command vðwèµÜ·
                                       info command            ¯ã
       LATEX file.tex                  latex file.tex
       LOGIN.COM                       .bash_profile,          uBµvt@C
                                       .bashrc                 ¯ã
       LOGOUT.COM                      .bash_logout            ¯ã
       MAIL                            mail,                   ¨e
                                       elm,                    ¸ÁÆ¢¢
                                       pine                    ³çÉ¢¢
       PRINT file.ps                   lpr file.ps
       PRINT/QUEUE=laser file.ps       lpr -Plaser file.ps
       PHONE user                      talk user
       RENAME file1 file2              mv file1 file2          ¡t@CwèÍsÂ
       RUN progname                    progname
       SEARCH file "pattern"           grep pattern file
       SET DEFAULT [-]                 cd ..
       SET DEFAULT [.dir.name]         cd dir/name
       SET HOST hostname               telnet hostname,        ³mÉÍ¯¶¶áÈ¢
                                       rlogin hostname
       SET FILE/OWNER_UIC=joe          chown joe file          ÜÁ½á¤
       SET NOBROADCAST                 mesg
       SET PASSWORD                    passwd
       SET PROT=(perm) file            chmod perm file         ÜÁ½á¤
       SET TERMINAL                    export TERM=            ¶@ªá¤
       SHOW DEFAULT                    pwd
       SHOW DEVICE                     du, df
       SHOW ENTRY                      lpq
       SHOW PROCESS                    ps -ax
       SHOW QUEUE                      lpq
       SHOW SYSTEM                     top
       SHOW TIME                       date
       SHOW USERS                      w
       STOP                            kill
       STOP/QUEUE                      kill,                   vZXp
                                       lprm                    v^[L[p
       SUBMIT command                  command &
       SUBMIT/AFTER=time command       at time command
       TEX file.tex                    tex file.tex
       TYPE/PAGE file                  more file
                                       less file               ¸ÁÆ¢¢

  à¿ëñR}h¼ªáÁÄé¾¯¶á èÜ¹ñB±¯Üµå¤B

  2.  V[gCg_NV

  {ÉÍ¶ßÄAOC·éOÉÇ¤µÄàmÁÄ¨×«±Æð«Ü
  ·BbNXµÄA»ñÈÉ½È¢©çB

  2.1.  t@C

  o  VMS Åt@C¼Ít@C¼.g£q;o[WÔÅµ½ªA Linux
     ÅÍo[WÔÍ èÜ¹ñ(±êÍ©ÈèÉ¢§ñÅ·B ``Linux
     ÅÌÔÉæéobNAbv''ðQÆµÄ¾³¢)Bt@C¼ÍÊí
     255 ¶ÈàAD«È¾¯hbgÅæØé±ÆªÅ«Ü·Bá¦
     ÎAThis.is_a_FILEname.txt Ìæ¤ÉB

  o  Linux ÅÍå¶Æ¬¶ðæÊµÜ·B FILENAME.txt Æ filename.txt
     ÍÊÈt@CÆµÄµ¢Ü·B ls ÍR}hÅ·ªALS Íá¢Ü·B

  o  hbgÅnÜét@CÍuBµvt@CÅ è(ÊíAfBNgê
     ÉÍ\¦³êÜ¹ñ) `_u ~ vÅIét@CÍobNAbvt@
     CÅ·B

  ±êÍVMS ÌR}hð Linux Éu«·¦½àÌÅ·B

       VMS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------

       $ COPY file1.txt file2.txt              $ cp file1.txt file2.txt
       $ COPY [.dir]file.txt []                $ cp dir/file.txt .
       $ COPY [.dir]file.txt [-]               $ cp dir/file.txt ..
       $ DELETE *.dat;*                        $ rm *dat
       $ DIFF file1 file2                      $ diff -c file1 file2
       $ PRINT file                            $ lpr file
       $ PRINT/queue=queuename file            $ lpr -Pprintername file
       $ SEARCH *.tex;* "geology"              $ grep geology *tex

  fBNgðÜÞ¼ÌáÉÂ¢ÄÍÈºÅà¾µÜ·BANZXÛìAL
   A»Ì¼ÌxÈbèÈÇÉÂ¢ÄÍA``xÈbè''ÌÍð©Ä¾³
  ¢B

  2.2.  fBNg

  o  ¯¶m[hÌuãÉ éêAVMS ÅÌfBNg¼Í
     [top.dir.subdir] Ì`®ÆÈèÜ·ªALinux ÅÍ /top/dir/subdir/ Ì
     `®ÉÈèÜ·BÜ½AfBg[c[ÌæªÉ ½éfBNg
     ð[gfBNgÆÄÑ / Å\µA»ÌºÉ /bin,/usr, /tmp,
     /etc ÈÇÌ¼ÌfBNgª»ÌºÉÊuµÜ·B

  o  /home fBNgÌºÉÍ[UÉpÓ³ê½uz[fBNg
     vª èÜ·Bá¦Î /home/guido â /home/warner Ìæ¤ÉBOC
     µÄA©ªÌz[fBNgÅìÆµÜ·ªA±êÍ SYS$LOGIN Æ
     ¯¶Å·ËBu~vÍz[fBNgÖÌV[gJbgÅAcd ~/tmp
     Æ cd /home/guido/tmp Í¯¶fBNgðwµÜ·B

  o  fBNgÆt@CÍ¯¶½¼¥É]¢Ü·B³çÉAefBNg
     ÉÍñÂÌÁÊÈGgª¶ÝµÜ·BêÂÍ . ÅA±êÍ»ÝÌ
     fBNg©ÌðwµÜ·( [] Æ¯¶)Bà¤êÂÍ .. ÅAefB
     NgðwµÜ·( [-] Æ¯¶)B

  ÊÈáð¦µÜ·B

       VMS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------

       $ CREATE/DIR [.dirname]                 $ mkdir dirname
       $ CREATE/DIR [.dir1.dir2.dir3]          $ mkdirhier dir1/dir2/dir3
          n/a                                  $ rmdir dirname
                                               (if dirname is empty)
                                               $ rm -R dirname
       $ DIRECTORY                             $ ls
       $ DIRECTORY [...]file.*;*               $ find . -name "file*"
       $ SET DEF SYS$LOGIN                     $ cd
       $ SET DEF [-]                           $ cd ..
       $ SET DEF [top.dir.subdir]              $ cd /top/dir/subdir
       $ SET DEF [.dir.subdir]                 $ cd dir/subdir
       $ SHOW DEF                              $ pwd

  ANZXÛìAL A»Ì¼ÌxÈbèÉÂ¢ÄÍ``xÈbè''ðä
  ¾³¢B

  2.3.  vO

  o  R}hâRpCµ½vOA¨æÑVFXNvg ( VMS Ì
     uR}ht@CvÆ¯¶)ÉÍA.EXE â .COM Ìæ¤Èg£qÍsv
     ÅAD«È¼OðÂ¯é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B ls -F Å©éÆAÀsÂ\È
     t@CÉÍAX^XNu * vªÂ¢Ä¢Ü·B

  o  ÀsÂ\t@CðN®·éÉÍAt@C¼ð^CvµÄ¾³¢( RUN
     PROGRAM.EXE â @COMMAND ¶á èÜ¹ñ)BxFt@CªÀspXÉ
      é±ÆªsÂÅ·BÊíApXÉÍ /bin,/usr/bin,/usr/X11R6/bin
     ÈÇªÜÜêÄ¢Ü·BvOðìÁ½çApXÌÊÁ½fBNg
     ÉÚµÄ¾³¢B (Ýèû@Í``Ýè''ðä¾³¢) Jg
     fBNgªpXÉÜÜêÄ¢È¢ÈçAÖíèÌèiÆµÄAtp
     XwèÅvOðÀs·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·Bá¦
     ÎA/home/guido/data/myprog â ./myprog Ìæ¤ÉB

  o  VMS ÅÍ /OPTION= Ì`ÅR}hXCb`ðwèµÜ·ªA Linux ÅÍ
     -switch â --switch Ìæ¤ÉwèµÜ·B switch Í¶â¶Ìg
     ¹AÜ½ÍPêÈÇÅ·BÁÉA½ÌR}hÉ¤ÊÌ -R XCb`(Ä
     AIÉ)Í VMS Å [...] Æ¯¶øÊª èÜ·B

  o  êsÅ¡ÌR}hðÀs·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B

       $ command1 ; command2 ; ... ; commandn

  Linux ð³çÉg¢â·µÄ¢éÌª I/O _CNgÆpCvÈñÅ·
  ªA VMS ÅÍµ¢É©Á½èA é¢Í»êÉCG·éàÌª èÜ¹
  ñ(ÅßÌ DCL ÅÍ _CNgÆpCvðT|[gµ½æ¤Å·ªAcO
  ÈªçÍ»Ìo[WðÁÄ¢Ü¹ñ)B VMS ÅÌ_CNgÍAR
  }hÌXCb`ÆµÄâIÉT|[g³êÄ¢é©(½ÌR}hÉ 
  é /OUTPUT= XCb`ðv¢oµÄ¾³¢)AÂ¬Ìæ¤ÈÊ|ÈâèûÅ
  À»Å«Ü·B

       $ DEFINE /USER SYS$OUTPUT OUT
       $ DEFINE /USER SYS$INPUT IN
       $ RUN PROG

  Linux ÅÍ±ñÈÉÈPÉÈèÜ·B

       $ prog < in > out

  pCvÍ VMS ÅÍpÅ«Ü¹ñªAUNIX ÅÍdvÈððÁÄ¢Ü·B
  ±êªT^IÈáÅ·B

       $ myprog < datafile | filter_1 | filter_2 >> result.dat 2> errors.log &

  vO myprog Ít@C datafile ð( < ðoRµÄ)üÍÆµÄæè
  ÝAoÍÍvO filter_1 ÌüÍÉ( | ðoRµÄ)n³êÜ·Bv
  O filter_1 ÌoÍÍAÄÑvO filter_2 Én³êAÅIIÈ
  oÍÍ t@C result.dat É( >> ðoRµÄ)ÇL³êÜ·BÜ½G[
  oÍÍt@C errors.log É( 2> ðoRµÄ)_CNg³êÜ·BÈã
  ÌÍobNOEhÅ³êÜ·(R}hCÌÅãÉ & ðÂ¯
  Ä¢é½ß)BæèÚµ¢à¾Í``Examples''ðä¾³¢B

  }`^XNAuL[vÈÇÉÂ¢ÄÍ``xÈbè''ðä¾³
  ¢B

  2.4.  NCbNcA[

  ±±ÜÅÅ Linux ð·õªÅ«Üµ½BOC¼ÆpX[hð³m
  ÉüÍµÄÝÄ¾³¢Bá¦ÎAOC¼ª john ÅpX[hª
  My_PassWd ÈçµÄ John â my_passwd ÈÇÆüÍµÈ¢±ÆB UNIX Í
  å¶Æ¬¶ðæÊ·éÌÅ·©çB

  êUOCµ½çA}V¼:$ Ìæ¤Èvvgª\¦³êé±ÆÅ
  µå¤BvvgðÏXµ½èAvOð©®IÉÀs³¹½¢ê
  ÍA.profile â .bash_profile ÈÇÌuBµvt@CðC³µÜ
  ·B(``Ýè''ðä¾³¢) ±êçÌt@CÍ LOGIN.COM Æ¯¶«ð
  µÜ·B

  ALT-F1(ALT L[Æ F1 L[ð¯ÉµÜ·)AALT-F2, ... ALT-F6 ÌÇê
  ©ð¹Îu¼zR\[(ó : Èº VC ÆÄÔ)vðØèÖ¦é±Æª
  Å«Ü·BæÊSÌðg¤AvP[Vª VC ðèLµÄàA¼Ì VC É
  ØèÖ¦é±ÆÅìÆð±¯é±ÆªÅ«Ü·BÊÈ VC ðJ¢ÄOCµ
  ÄÝÄ¾³¢B

  X Window System (ÈºAX ÆÈª)ðN®Å«é±ÆÆv¢Ü·B X Í DEC
  EChEÉ½OtBbNÂ«Å·B- ÀÛADEC EChEÍ X ©ç
  h¶µ½àÌÅ·B startx ÆÅÁÄbÒÂÆAxterm © »êÉ½[
  G~[^ªN®µA{^o[à\¦³êé±ÆÅµå¤(½ªN®³ê
  é©Í Linux ÌÝèÉàæèÜ·ª)BfXNgbvðNbN(}EXÌ¼
  ûÌ{^ðµÄ¾³¢Ë)·êÎj[ð\¦µÜ·B

  X Â«ÅeLXg[h(uR\[v)É·éÉÍACTRL-ALT-F1(Rg
  [L[Æ ALT L[Æ F1 ð¯ÉµÜ·)ACTRL-ALT-F2A... CTRL-ALT-
  F6 ÌÇê©ðµÄÝÄ¾³¢BR\[©ç X ÉA·éÉÍ ALT-
  F7 L[Å·BX ðI¹·éÉÍAj[Ìw¦É]¤©A CTRL-ALT-BS ð
  µÜ·B

  ÌR}hÍz[fBNgàÌSÄÌt@C(Bµt@CàÜ
  Þ)ðêµÜ·B

       $ ls -al

  ±±Å SHIFT-Page Up L[ð·ÆæÊãûÉXN[·éÅµå¤B ls
  Ìwvð©½¯êÎA

       $ man ls

  Æ^CvµÜµå¤Bu q vÅwvæÊ©ç²¯é±ÆªÅ«Ü·BcA
  [ÌÅãÉ exit ÅZbVðI¹µÜµå¤Bàµ PC Ìd¹ðØéÌÈ
  çACTRL-ALT-DEL ð¯ÉµÄAbãÉd¹ðØÁÄ¾³¢(µÄ
  Linux ÌÒÉd¹ðØÁÄÍ¢¯Ü¹ñæIt@CVXeªóêé¨
  »êª èÜ·©ç)B

  ·ÅÉ½ç©ÌìÆðJnµæ¤ÆvíêÄéûA``xÈbè''ð©Ä©ç
  ÉµÜµå¤B

  3.  t@CÌÒW

  Linux ÉÍ EDT Í èÜ¹ñªA½³ñÌGfB^[ªg¦Ü·BÜ½A
  ±ê¾¯ÍÛØ³êÄ¢é±ÆÅ·ªASÄÌ UNIX ÉÍ vi GfB^[ªÂ
  ¢Ä¢Ü· - YêÈ¢Å¾³¢ËBÅàVXeÇÒªàÁÆ¢¢G
  fB^[ðCXg[µÄéÉá¢È¢¯ÇB¨»çAÅà|s[È
  GfB^[Í emacs Å èA½Í EDT ðG~[gÅ«Ü·Bjed à
  EDT ðG~[gÅ«éGfB^[Å·B

  ±êçñÂÌGfB^[ÍAAEDT ÉÍÈ¢ñÂÌÁ¥ * ¶@²@\Æ©
  ®Cfg@\ * ª éÌÅAvO\[XÌÒWÉÍå¢ÉLpÅ
  ·B³çÉAGfB^[ãÅRpCÅ«Ä(R}hÍ ESC-X compile
  )A¶@G[Ì ésÉJ[\ðòÎµÜ·B³¦È¢ EDT ðÄÑg¤C
  ÉÍÈçÈ¢Æf¾Å«Ü·B

  emacs ð§¿ã°ÄAESC-X edt-emulation-on Æ^CvµÄ©Ä¾³¢B
  ALT-X â ESC-X Í emacs ÅR}hðÀs·éÉµÜ·B EDT Ì
  CTRL-Z Ìæ¤ÈàÌÅ·Bemacs Æ EDT ÌR}hÌá¢ðµ°ÄÝÜ
  µå¤B

  o  R}hðÀsµæ¤ÆµÄACTRL-Z ð³È¢æ¤É (àµâÁ¿áÁ
     ½çAemacs Íâ~µÜ·BÅà fg ÅAµÜ·)B

  o  ICwvðg£µ½àÌà èÜ·BCTRL-H ? © CTRL-H T ð
     µÄÝÄ¾³¢B`[gAªnÜèÜ·B

  o  t@CÌÛ¶Í CTRL-X CTRL-S Å·B

  o  I¹Í CTRL-X CTRL-C Å·B

  o  VKÉt@CðÒW·éÈç CTRL-X CTRL-F ÅACTRL-X B ÅÒWob
     t@ðØÖ¦é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

  àµ jed ª éÈç (VXeÇÒÉ¿áñÆÝè³êÄ¢é©qËÄ
  ¾³¢)A§¿ã°½Æ«ÉG~[Vªæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢é¤Å
  ·BÊÉL[pbhªg¦ÄACTRL-H CTRL-P © CTRL-? Åwvª\¦³
  êéÆv¢Ü·Bemacs Æ¯¶û@ÅR}hðÀsÅ«AÁ¦ÄAIWi
  Ì EDT ÉÍÈ¢A È½DÝÌL[oChÉ·é±ÆàÂ\Å·B×©
  ¢±ÆÍVXeÇÒÉqËÄ¾³¢B

  ±êçÌãíèÉASáÁ½ì«ðàÂGfB^[ðgpµÄà¢¢ÌÅ
  ·BfÌÜÜÌ emacs àêÂÌIðÅ·B|s[ÈGfB^[Å é
  joe Í emacs (ôªìªÈPÉÈÁÄ¢é)â DOS GfB^[ÈÇðG~
  [gµÜ·Bjmacs © jstar ðÄÑoµA CTRL-X H © CTRL-J Åwv
  ð\¦³¹é±ÆàÅ«Ü·Bemacs â jed ÍÃ«Ç« EDT æèÍÅ·B

  4.  TeX

  TeX Æ LaTeX ÍÇ¿çà VMS ÅÆ¯¶Å· - ¬¢Æ±ëÍá¢Ü·æ :-)
  BÅà .dvi â .ps t@Cðµ¤c[ÉÍDê½àÌª èÜ·B

  o  TeX ©ç TeX t@CðN®·éÉÍA( ¢àÏíç¸) tex file.tex
     Ìæ¤ÉµÜ·B

  o  .dvi t@Cð .ps t@CÉÏ··éÉÍAdvips -o filename.ps
     filename.dvi ÆµÜ·B

  o  X Â«Å .dvi ðæÊÉ\¦·éÉÍAxdvi filename.dvi & ÆµÜ·B
     NbN·êÎgå\¦µÜ·Bxdvi Ì¨ûÈÆ±ëÍATeX t@C
     ðGfB^[ÅÏXµÄ TeX ðÊµÄâêÎA©®IÉ .dvi t@Cð
     Vµ¢àÌÉ\¦µÈ¨·_Å·B

  o  y[WSÌ©AIðªðóü·éÌÉÅKÈc[ÍA»ÝÌÆ±ë gv
     Å·B

  o  .ps t@Cðóü·éÉÍAlpr mypaper.ps R}hðg¢Ü·Bàµ
     |XgXNvgv^[(©Ç¤©ÍVXeÇÒÉ·¢Ä¾³
     ¢)Èç lpr -Pps mypaper.ps ÆµÜ·Bv^[L[ÌÚµ¢îñ
     ÍA``v^[L[''ðä¾³¢B

  5.  vO~O

  Linux ÍvOðìéÉÍÇ¢Â«¾Æv¢Ü·BvOðÈPÉf
  ì¬·é½ßÌ½Ìc[ªµÁÄ¢Ü·Bá¦ÎAÒW - Û¶ - R
  pC - ÄÒWÆ¢Á½P²ÈìÆÉ ¹µÈÄàAOqÌ emacs
  â jed ÈÇÌGfB^[ðg¦Îv¬ÉìÆÅ«Ü·B
  5.1.  Fortran

   Üèå·È¢ÌÅ·ªA±Ì¶ð¢Ä¢é_ÅpÅ«é(t[)R
  pC[Æ VMS ÆÅÍ®SÝ·ÅÍ èÜ¹ñ - ôÂ©Ì}Ci[Èx
  Ì¶ª\z³êÜ·( VMS ÌRpCÍñWÌg£ðsÈÁÄ¢éÌÅ
  ·)BÚ×Í /usr/doc/g77/DOC © /usr/doc/f2c/f2c.ps ðä¾³¢B

  VXeÇÒÍAg77 lCeBuRpC(·®êàÌÅ·ªA0.5.21 Å
  ÅÍÜ¾ DEC Fortran ÆÝ·«Í èÜ¹ñ)©AFortran ©ç C ÖÌg
  X[^Å é f2c (^lCeBuRpCÌtgGh) ÌÇ¿
  ç©ðCXg[µÄ¢éÍ¸Å·BÌo±ÅÍAyaf77 ªÅàDê½
  Êðo·pbP[WÌêÂ¾Æv¢Ü·B

  g77 Å Fortran vOðRpC·éÉÍA\[XðÒWµÄA .f
  g£qðÂ¯ÄÛ¶µ½ãA

       $ g77 myprog.f

  ðÀsµÜ·B

  ftHgÅÍAa.out Ì¼ÅÀst@Cª¶¬³êÜ·(¼É½àN
  µÈ¯êÎ)BÙÈÁ½Àst@C¼ÉµÄAÅK»IvVðÂ¯éÉ
  ÍA

       $ g77 -O2 -o myprog myprog.f

  ÆµÜ·B

  ÅK»ÉÍÓI VXeÇÒÉRpCÉÂ¢ÄÌhLgðê
  ÇµÄàç¢AâèªÈ¢©Ç¤©mFµÄ¾³¢B

  Tu[`ðRpC·éÉÍA

       $ g77 -c mysub.f

  Æ·êÎAmysub.o ª¶¬³êÜ·B±ÌTu[`ðN·éÉÍA

       $ g77 -o myprog myprog.f mysub.o

  ÆµÄ¾³¢B

  ½³ñÌTu[`ª ÁÄACuÉÜÆß½¢ÈçA

  $ cd subroutines/
  $ cat *f >mylib.f ; g77 -c mylib.f

  Ìæ¤ÉµÜ·B

  ±êÅ È½ÌvOÉNÂ\È mylib.o ª¶¬³êÜ·BÅã
  ÉAOCu libdummy.so ðN·éÉÍA

       $ g77 -o myprog myprog.f -ldummy

  ÆµÜ·B

  f2c ð¨¿ÈçAg77 ÌÖíèÉ f77 © fort77 ÌÝðg¤±ÆÅµå
  ¤B

  ÈºÅÍA³çÉg¢â·¢vO~Oc[ make ðÐîµÜ·B

  5.2.  make  Ìg¢©½

  [eBeB make ÍA¡Ì\[Xt@CÉª©ê½vOÌR
  pCÉg¤c[Å·BVMS ÅÌ MMS Æ MMK ÉµÜ·ªA\¶ÍÙ
  ÈÁÄ¢Ü·B

  \[Xt@C file_1.f , file_2.f , file_3.f Æ CvOÌ\
  [X myprog.f ª éÆµÜµå¤B±êçÌvOðèìÆÅRpC
  ·éÆÈéÆA\[Xt@CÌÇê©êÂðÏXµ½êA»êÆË¶Ö
  WÉ ét@CªÇê©ðl¦ÄAêÂêÂÄRpCµÈ¯êÎÈèÜ
  ¹ñB

  ªªÏÉÈéOÉu makefile vðìé×«Å·B±êÍ\[Xt@CÝ
  ÌË¶ÖWðLqµ½eLXgt@CÅ· - \[XªÏX³ê½çAÏX
  ³ê½t@CÉË¶·ét@C¾¯ðÄRpCµÄêÜ·B

  äXÌáÅÍA±ñÈÉ makefile ðìèÜ·B

  ______________________________________________________________________

  # makefile ÌáÅ·B
  # <TAB> Æ¢Ä éÆ±ëÅÍ <TAB> L[ðµÄ¾³¢I
  # åØÈ±ÆÅ·FXy[XÍ_Å·æB

  myprog: myprog.o file_1.o file_2.o file_3.o
  <TAB>g77 -o myprog myprog.o file_1.o file_2.o file_3.o

  # myprog ÍlÂÌIuWFNgt@CÉË¶µÜ·B

  myprog.o: myprog.f
  <TAB>g77 -c myprog.f
  # myprog.o Í»ê©gÌ\[Xt@CÉË¶µÜ·B

  file_1.o: file_1.f
  <TAB>g77 -c file_1.f
  # file_1.o Í»ê©gÌ\[Xt@CÉË¶µÜ·B

  file_2.o: file_2.f file_1.o
  <TAB>g77 -c file_2.f file_1.o
  # file_2.o Í»ê©gÌ\[Xt@CÆIuWFNgt@CÉË¶µÜ·B

  file_3.o: file_3.f file_2.o
  <TAB>g77 -c file_3.f file_2.o
  # file_3.o Í»ê©gÌ\[Xt@CÆIuWFNgt@CÉË¶µÜ·B

  # end of makefile.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ±êð Makefile Ì¼ÅÛ¶µAmake Æ^Cv·êÎRpCÅ«Ü·B
  ãíèÉAt@C¼ð myprog.mak ÆµÄÛ¶µ½ÈçAmake -f
  myprog.mak ÅRpCÅ«Ü·Bà¿ëñ RMP(óFman y[WðQÆÌ
  Ó)B

  5.3.  VFXNvg

  VFXNvgÍ VMS R}ht@CÆ¯¶àÌÅ·ªAæèÍÈ\
  ¶ðõ¦Ä¢Ü·B

  XNvgðÉÍAµÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢±ÆSÄðR}hÅLqµÄA
  WÌ ASCII t@CÉÛ¶µÜ·BÀsÅ«éæ¤É·é½ßÉAchmod
  +x <XNvgt@C¼> R}hðÀsµÄ¨¢Ä¾³¢BXNvg
  t@C¼ð^Cv·êÎÀsÅ«Ü·B

  bash ÅXNvgðÉÍALÍÈ@\ðÔµ½ðà{ªKvÉÈéÌ
  ÅA Üè[Í¾yµÜ¹ñB±±ÅÍ½ïIÅA(]ÞçÍ)ðÉ§
  ÂTv©çôÂ©Ìî{IÈ[ðÇÝÆÁÄ¾³¢B

  TvFsample.sh

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  # sample.sh
  # RgsÅ·B
  # ÅÌsÍÁ³È¢ÅAK¸»±ÉÈ¯êÎÈè¹ñB
  echo "This system is: `uname -a`" # use the output of the commad
  echo "My name is $0" # built-in variables
  echo "You gave me the following $# parameters: "$*
  echo "First parameter is: "$1
  echo -n "What's your name? " ; read your_name
  echo notice the difference: "hi $your_name" # quoting with "
  echo notice the difference: 'hi $your_name' # quoting with '
  DIRS=0 ; FILES=0
  for file in `ls .` ; do
    if [ -d ${file} ] ; then # if file is a directory
      DIRS=`expr $DIRS + 1`  # this means DIRS = DIRS + 1
    elif [ -f ${file} ] ; then
      FILES=`expr $FILES + 1`
    fi
    case ${file} in
      *.gif|*jpg) echo "${file}: graphic file" ;;
      *.txt|*.tex) echo "${file}: text file" ;;
      *.c|*.f|*.for) echo "${file}: source file" ;;
      *) echo "${file}: generic file" ;;
    esac
  done
  echo "there are ${DIRS} directories and ${FILES} files"
  ls | grep "ZxY--!!!WKW"
  if [ $? != 0 ] ; then # exit code of last command
    echo "ZxY--!!!WKW not found"
  fi
  echo "enough... type 'man bash' if you want more info."
  ______________________________________________________________________

  5.4.  C

  Linux ÍAC ÅvOðJ·éÉÍ·Îçµ¢Â«Å·BC ÉÂ¢ÄÍ
  ²¶m¾Æv¢Ü·ÌÅA±±ÅÍKChCÉÂ¢Äq×Üµå¤BèÔ
  Ì hello.c ð Linux ÌêÆà¾¦é gcc ÅRpC·éÉÍA g77 Æ
  ¯¶\¶ðg¢Ü·B

       $ gcc -O2 -o hello hello.c

  vOÉCuðN·éÉÍAXCb` -l<libname> ðÁ¦Ü
  ·Bá¦ÎAwCuÆÅK»IvVðt¯ÄN·éÉÍA

       $ gcc -O2 -o mathprog mathprog.c -lm

  Ìæ¤ÉµÜ·B

  ( -l<libname> XCb`ÍA /usr/lib/lib<libname>.a ðêÉNµë
  Æ¢¤±ÆÅA]ÁÄ -lm Í /usr/lib/libm.a Æ¯¶Ó¡ÉÈèÜ·)B
  vOª¡Ìt@C©ç\¬³êéêÍAOqµ½æ¤É make 
  [eBeBªKvÆÈéÅµå¤BRAmakefile ÉLq³ê½\[X
  t@CÆ gcc ðg¢Ü·B

  man y[WÌZNV 3 ÉLÚ³êÄ¢é C ÌÖÉÂ¢ÄÌwvðÄ
  Ño·±ÆªÅ«Ü·Bá¦ÎÌæ¤ÉµÜ·B

       $ man 3 printf

  gpÂ\ÈCuÍRÙÇ èÜ·ªAÅàAeLXg[hÅeíÌ
  øÊðo·½ßÌ ncurses ÆAOtBbNX`æpÌ svgalib ÈÇðÅ
  Ég¢½¢ÌÅÍÈ¢Å·©B

  6.  OtBbNX

   épÂ\ÈOtBbNXpbP[WÌÅà gnuplot ÍA»ÌÍ
  È@\Æg¢â·³ÅËoµÄ¢Ü·BX ðN®µÄAgnuplot Æ^CvµÄ
  ÝÄ¾³¢B ç©¶ßAñÂÌt@C - 2D-data.dat (ês½èñÂ
  Ìf[^)Æ 3D-data.dat (ês½èOÂÌf[^)- ªõ³êÄ¢éàÌ
  ÆµÜ·B

  2 ³OtÌáF

       gnuplot> set title "my first graph"
       gnuplot> plot '2D-data.dat'
       gnuplot> plot '2D-data.dat' with linespoints
       gnuplot> plot '2D-data.dat', sin(x)
       gnuplot> plot [-5:10] '2D-data.dat'

  3 ³OtÌá (X ÌesÌlÍósÅ·)F

       gnuplot> set parametric ; set hidden3d ; set contour
       gnuplot> splot '3D-data.dat' using 1:2:3 with linespoints

  PêñÌf[^t@C(á¦ÎAnñÈÇ)Í 2-D OtÆµÄvbg
  Å«Ü·B

       gnuplot> plot [-5:15] '2D-data-1col.dat' with linespoints

   é¢Í 3-D OtÆµÄà(ãLÌæ¤Éf[^t@CÉósðÜßé
  ±ÆÅ)vbgÂ\Å·B

  gnuplot> set noparametric ; set hidden3d
  gnuplot> splot '3D-data-1col.dat' using 1 with linespoints

  Otðóü·éF|XgXNvgv^ðgÁÄ¢éÌÈçA lpr
  -Pps file.ps ÆµÜ·B

       gnuplot> set term post
       gnuplot> set out '| lpr -Pps'
       gnuplot> replot

  àÆÉß·ÉÍ set term x11 Æ^CvµÜ·B¬µÈ¢Å¾³¢ËBÅ
  ãÌóü¨Í gnuplot ðI¹µ½¾¯óü³êéÅµå¤B

  æèÚµ¢îñÍAhelp Æ^Cv·é©A /usr/lib/gnuplot/demos/ fB
  Ngðä¾³¢B

  7.  [ÆC^[lbgc[

  C^[lbgÍ UNIX @Åa¶µ½àÌÈÌÅALinux pÉàfGÅg¢â
  ·¢AvP[VªLxÉñ³êÄ«Üµ½B±êçÍÙñÌêÅ
  ·F

  o  Mail : dq[ÌóMÉÍ elm © pine ðg¢Ü· - ¼ûÆàI
     Cwvª èÜ·BZ¢bZ[WÉÍA mail ðg¤Æ¢¢Å
     µå¤B mail -s "hello mate" user@somewhere < msg.txt ÈÇÆµÜ
     ·B½ªAxmail ©»Ìæ¤ÈvOðDÞÆv¢Ü·B

  o  Newsgroups : tin Æ slrn ÍÇ¿çàA¼ÏIÅ©¾Èì«ðñµÜ
     ·B

  o  ftp : ¨ÜèÌLN^x[XÌ ftp ÍÊÉµÄAtXN[Å
     Ì ncftp â xftp Ìæ¤ÈOtBJÈ ftp NCAgªCXg
     [³êÄ¢È¢©AVXeÇÒÉqËÄÝÄ¾³¢B

  o  WWW : æÝ©¯é netscape  é¢Í xmosaic Achimera »êÉ arena
     ÍOtBJÈ web uEUÅ·BLN^x[XÈç lynx ª è
     Ü·B±Á¿Ìûª¬¢µAøÊIÅ·B

  óFÈºÉú{êpÂ\Èc[Ì¼OÆ url ðñµÄ¨«Ü·B

  mail [_

  o  mew        <http://www.mew.org/index.html>

  o  mutt-ja    <http://kondara.sdri.co.jp/~kikutani/mutt.html>

  o  cmail      <http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~fuku/cmail/index.html>

  o  MH-JP     <http://www.chem.eng.himeji-
     tech.ac.jp/~hayashi/internet/mh-plus.html>

  o  wonderlust  <http://www.gohome.org/wl/index.html>

  news [_

  o  mnews  <ftp://ftp.mei.co.jp/free/news/readers/>

  o  semi-gnus ( MUA )  <http://www.mdcnet.co.jp/~keiichi/semi-gnus-
     faq-ja.shtml>

  o  t-gnus  <http://www.jpl.org/elips/INSTALL-SEMI-ja.html>

  web uEU

  o  lynx  <http://lynx.browser.org/index.html>

  o  w3m   <http://ei5nazha.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~aito/w3m/>

  o  w3-mode on xemacs  <http://www.cs.indiana.edu/elisp/w3/docs.html>

  o  mmm  <http://pauillac.inria.fr/~furuse/jmmm/030/index.html>

  8.  xÈbè

  ±ÌÍÍµè²í¢àeÉÓêÜ·B±±Åq×éÁ¥ðw×ÎAu Linux
  ÉÂ¢Ä½©ðmè¾½vÆ¾¦éÆv¢Ü·æB

  8.1.  p[~bVÆL 

  t@CÆfBNgÉÍAVMS Æ¯¶æ¤Ép[~bV(Ûì)ÆL
   ª¶ÝµÜ·BÂ³êÄ¢È¯êÎAvOðç¹½èAt@C
  ðC³µ½èA é¢ÍfBNgÉANZX·é±ÆàÅ«Ü¹ñBt@
  Cª È½Ì ÀºÉÈ¢©çÅ·BÂ¬Ìáð©ÄÝÜµå¤B

       $ ls -l /bin/ls
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         27281 Aug 15  1995 /bin/ls*

  ÅÌtB[hÍAt@C ls Ìp[~bVð\¦µÄ¢Ü·(I[
  iÍ root ÅO[vÍ bin)BL ÉÍ I[i (owner) AO[v
  (group) A»Ì¼ (other) ÌRíÞª èÜ· (VMS Ì owner,group,world
  ÉÄÜ·Ë)Bp[~bVÉÍ ÇÝæèÂ (read) A«ÝÂ
  (write AíÂàÜÞ)AÀsÂ (execute) ÌRíÞª èÜ·B

  ¶©çEÉ©Ä¢«Üµå¤B- Ít@CÌíÞÅ·( - ÍêÊt@C
  Ad ÍfBNgAl ÍNð¦µÜ·)B rwx Ít@CÌLÒ
  ÉÎ·ép[~bV( read, write, execute )Å·BÌ r-x Ít@C
  LÒÌ®·éO[vÉÎ·ép[~bV(read, execute) ÅAÅã
  Ì r-x Í»êÈOÌ[UÉÎ·ép[~bVð(read, execute)ð\µ
  Ä¢Ü·B

  t@CÌp[~bVðÏX·éÉÍA

       $ chmod <whoXperm> <file>

  ÆµAwho ÉÍ u (userAI[iÌ±Æ)Ag (group)  é¢Í o (other) ð
  wèµAX ÉÍ + © - ÌÇ¿ç©ðwèµÜ·BÜ½A perm ÉÍ r
  (read), w (write),  é¢Í x (execute) ðwèµÜ·Bá¦ÎA
       $ chmod u+x file

  ÍAt@CÌLÒÉÀsÂð^¦éàÌÅ Achmod +x file ÆZkÅ
  «Ü·B

       $ chmod go-wx file

  ±êÍAt@CÌLÒÈO©ç«ÝÂÆÀsÂðæèÁµÜ·B

       $ chmod ugo+rwx file

  ±êÍSÄÌ[UÉÇÝÝÂA«ÝÂAÀsÂð^¦Ä¢Ü
  ·B

  p[~bVÍAZkµÄÅ¦·±Æª èÜ·Brwxr-xr-x ÍèÁæ
  èA755 ÆwèÅ«Ü·(e¶ÍrbgÉÎµÜ·B--- Í0A--x Í
  1A-w- Í 2 ÈÇÌæ¤É)B

  fBNgÉÎ·é rx ÍA cd ðgÁÄ»ÌfBNgÉÚ®Å«é±
  ÆðÓ¡µAw ÍfBNgàÌt@CÌí(à¿ëñAt@CÌp
  [~bVÉ]¢Ü·ª)âA»ÌfBNg©ÌðíÅ«é±ÆðÓ
  ¡µÜ·B±êçÌ±ÆÍAÙñÌêÅ· - RMPB

  t@CÌLÒðÏX·éÉÍF

       $ chown username file

  vñ·êÎAÌ\ÉÈèÜ·B

       VMS                             Linux                   Notes
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       SET PROT=(O:RW) file.txt        $ chmod u+rw file.txt
                                       $ chmod 600 file.txt
       SET PROT=(O:RWED,W) file        $ chmod u+rwx file
                                       $ chmod 700 file
       SET PROT=(O:RWED,W:RE) file     $ chmod 755 file
       SET PROT=(O:RW,G:RW,W) file     $ chmod 660 file
       SET FILE/OWNER_UIC=JOE file     $ chown joe file
       SET DIR/OWNER_UIC=JOE [.dir]    $ chown joe dir/

  8.2.  }`^XNFvZXÆWu

  vOÌÀsÉÂ¢Ä³çÉà¾µÜµå¤B±êÜÅgÁÄ«½uob
  `L[vÍ Linux ÉÍ¶Ý¹¸AáÁ½û@ÅµíêÜ·BÄÑAT^I
  ÈR}hCð¦µÜ·B

       $ command -s1 -s2 ... -sn par1 par2 ... parn < input > output &

  -s1, ..., -sn ÍvOXCb`ÅApar1, ..., parn ÍvOÉn
  ³êéøÅ·B

  }`^XNªÇÌæ¤É©©Ä¢«Üµå¤BtHAOhâ
  obNOhÅ®vOðuvZXvÆÄÑÜ·B

  o  vZXðobNOhÅN®·éÉÍF

       $ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output] &
       [1] 234

  VFÍvZXÌuWuNov(ÅÌÅ·FÈºðQÆ)ÆvZXÌ
  PID (vZXID) ðÊmµÜ·BevZXÍ PID ÅêÓÉ¯ÊÅ«Ü·B

  o  vZXª¢Â®¢Ä¢é©²×éÉÍF

       $ ps -ax

  ¡»ÝÀsvZXÌêðoÍµÜ·B

  o  vZXðI¹·éÉÍF

       $ kill <PID>

  vZXð³KÌèiÅI¹³¹éû@ª»çÈÄàA È½ÍvZXð
  I¹³¹éKvª éÆv¢Ü· ... ;-) XAÈºÌÇ¿ç©ÅÌÝI¹
  ³¹éêª éÅµå¤(óFÍVOiÔÅA9 Í kill VOi
  A15 ÍI¹VOiÆµÄè`³êÄ¢Ü·B killall ÈçvZX¼ð
  wèµÄI¹³¹é±ÆªÅ«Ü·)B

       $ kill -15 <PID>
       $ kill -9 <PID>

  t¯Á¦éÆAVFÍvZXÌI¹âêâ~AÜ½AvZXðobN
  OhÖÚµ½èAtHAOhÖßµ½è·é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B±Ìæ
  ¤ÈÂ«ºÅAvZXðuWuvÆÄÑÜ·B

  o  Wuª¢Â é©²×éÉÍF

       $ jobs

  WuÍVFÉæÁÄÌÔ³ê½ÔÅ¯Ê³êAPID ÅÍ¯Ê³êÜ¹
  ñB

  o  tHAOhvZXðI¹·éÉÍF

       $ CTRL-C

  (¢ÂàøÊª éÆÍÀèÜ¹ñ)

  o  tHAOhvZXðêâ~·éÉÍF

       $ CTRL-Z

  (¯ã)

  o  â~óÔÉ évZXðobNOhÉÚ·ÉÍ(»êÍWuÆÈ
     é)F

       $ bg <job>

  o  WuðtHAOhÉß·ÉÍF

       $ fg <job>

  o  WuðIç¹éÉÍF

       $ kill <%job>

  8.3.  ÄxAt@CÉÂ¢Ä

  t@CÉÂ¢ÄÌ³çÉÚµ¢îñÅ·B

  o  stdin, stdout, stderr: UNIX É¨¢ÄASÄÌVXeR|[lg
     Ít@CÆµÄæèµ¢Ü·BR}hâvOÍA stdin (W
     üÍ - ÊíÍL[{[h)ÆÄÔut@Cv©çüÍð¾ÄAstdout
     (WoÍ - ÊíÍæÊ)ÆÄÔut@CvÖoÍµAG[bZ[W
     Í stderr (ÊíÍæÊ)ÆÄÔut@CvÖoÍµÜ·B

     < Æ > ðg¦ÎAüoÍðÊÈt@CÉ_CNgÅ«Ü·B³ç
     ÉA>> Íã«·éãèÉt@CðÇLµÜ·B 2> ÍG[bZ[
     W( stderr )ð_CNgµÜ·B2>&1 Í stderr ð stdout É_C
     NgµA1>&2 Í stdout ð stderr É_CNgµÜ·B/dev/null
     ÍubNz[ÆÄÎêA±±É_CNg·éÆAÇñÈàÌàÁ
     ¦ÄµÜ¢Ü·B

  o  wildcards: '*' ÍÙÚ¯¶«Å·Bp@F * ÍABµt@Cð
     SÄÌt@CÉ}b`µÜ·B.* ÍSÄÌBµt@CÉ}b`µÜ
     ·B*.* Í¶ñÉ . ðÜÞ¶É}b`µÜ·Bp*r Íupetervâ
     upipervÉ}b`µÜ·B*c* ÍupickedvÆupeckvÉ}b`µÜ·B
     u%vÍu?vÉÈèÜ·(óFê¶ÌÝÉ}b`)BChJ[hÆ
     µÄ¼ÉA[] ª èÜ·Bp@F[abc]* Í a © b © c ÅnÜé¶ñ
     É}b`µÜ·B*[I-N,1,2,3] ÍÅãª I, J, K, L, M, N, 1, 2, 3 Å
     Iét@CÉ}b`µÜ·B

  o  mv ( RENAME ) Í¡Ìt@CÉÎµÄg¦Ü¹ñB mv *.xxx *.yyy
     ÍvÁ½ÊèÉ®©È¢Åµå¤B

  o  cp -i Æ mv -i Ít@Cªã«³êé±ÆðxµÄêÜ·B

  8.4.  v^[L[

  VMS Åà»¤¾Á½æ¤ÉAóüvÍL[CO³êÜ·BvgR}
  hðs·éêAv^¼ðwèµÄà\¢Ü¹ñBáF

       $ lpr file.txt          # this goes to the standard printer
       $ lpr -Plaser file.ps   # this goes to the printer named 'laser'

  v^L[ðµ¤½ßÉAÌæ¤ÈR}hª èÜ·B

       VMS                                     Linux
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       $ PRINT file.ps                         $ lpr file.ps
       $ PRINT/QUEUE=laser file.ps             $ lpr -Plaser file.ps
       $ SHOW QUEUE                            $ lpq
       $ SHOW QUEUE/QUEUE=laser                $ lpq -Plaser
       $ STOP/QUEUE                            $ lprm <item>

  9.  Ýè

  VXeÇÒªA·ÅÉôÂ©ÌÝèt@C - .xinitrc,
  .bash_profile, .inputrc Ìæ¤È - ðõµÄ¢é±ÆÅµå¤B±ê
  çÌt@CÍÒWÂ\¾Æv¢Ü·B

  o   .bash_profile © .profile : OCµ½Æ«ÉVFªÇÝÝÜ
     ·BLOGIN.COM Ìæ¤ÈàÌÅ·B

  o   .bash_logout: OAEgÌÉVFªÇÝÝÜ·B LOGOUT.COM Ì
     æ¤ÈàÌÅ·B

  o   .bashrc: ñOCVFªÀsµÜ·B

  o   .inputrc: L[Ìèt¯âVFÌ®ìðJX^}CYµÜ·B

  Tvð¦µÜµå¤B±êÍªgÁÄ¢é .bash_profile ÌêÅ
  ·(ÈªµÄ¢Ü·)B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # $HOME/.bash_profile

  # sKvÉpXðÄè`µÈ¢±ÆB
  echo $PATH | grep $LOGNAME > /dev/null
  if [ $? != 0 ]
  then
    export PATH="$PATH:/home/$LOGNAME/bin"  # add my dir to the PATH
  fi

  export PS1='LOGNAME:\w\$ '
  export PS2='Continued...>'

  # aliases

  alias bin="cd ~/bin" ; alias cp="cp -i" ; alias d="dir"
  alias del="delete" ; alias dir="/bin/ls $LS_OPTIONS --format=vertical"
  alias ed="jed" ; alias mv='mv -i'
  alias u="cd .." ; alias undel="undelete"

  # ðÉ§ÂÖ

  inst() # JgfBNgÉ .tar.gz A[JCuðCXg[·éB
  {
    gzip -dc $1 | tar xvf -
  }
  cz() #  .zip A[JCuÌàeðê·éB
  {
    unzip -l $*
  }
  ctgz() # .tar.gz A[JCuÌàeðê·éB
  {
    for file in $* ; do
      gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
    done
  }
  tgz() # zip É .tgz A[JCuð¶¬·éB
  {
    name=$1 ; tar -cvf $1 ; shift
    tar -rf ${name} $* ; gzip -S .tgz ${name}
  }
  ______________________________________________________________________

  »µÄA±êÍ .inputrc Å·B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # $HOME/.inputrc
  # Last modified: 16 January 1997.
  #
  # ±Ìt@CÍ bash ÅÇÜêAVFÅgíêéL[Ìèt¯ðè`µ½àÌÅ·B
  # ÈºÅÍAENDAHOMEADELETE ÆANZg¶L[ÍÅèÅ·B
  # æèÚµ¢îñÍ man readline ðä¾³¢B

  "\e[1~": beginning-of-line
  "\e[3~": delete-char
  "\e[4~": end-of-line

  set bell-style visible
  set meta-flag On
  set convert-meta Off
  set output-meta On
  set horizontal-scroll-mode On
  set show-all-if-ambiguous On

  # (F1 .. F5) are "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"

  "\e[[A": "info "
  ______________________________________________________________________

  10.  ðÉ§ÂvO

  10.1.  t@CÌuEY less

  ±Ìt@CuEUðúg¤Í¸Å·©çAg¢±È¹éæ¤AµRc
  ð¨³¦µÜµå¤BêÔÅÉAless ªv[eLXgÈOÌ³kt@
  CâA[JCuà\¦Å«éæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢é±ÆðVXeÇÒÉmF
  µÄ¨¢Ä¾³¢B

  ÅßÌo[WÌ TYPE Ìæ¤É, less àt@Cð¼ûüÉuEYµ
  Ü·BÜ½AL[üÍÉæèíÞÌR}hðó¯t¯Ü·BÅàðÉ§Â
  àÌÍF

  o  ÅÉAq ð¹ÎI¹µÜ·B

  o  h Åg£wvð\¦µÜ·B

  o  g Åt@CÌæªÉÚ®µÜ·BG Ít@CÌöÖÌÚ®Å·BÔ
     +g ÍÔÅwèµ½sÖÌÚ®(á¦ÎA125g Í125sÖÚ®)Al+%
     ÍlÅ¦µ½Åt@Cðªµ½sÉÚ®µÜ·B

  o  /pattern ÍupatternvðOûõµAn ÍÉ}b`·é¶ñðTµ
     Ü·B?pattern Æ N ÍãûõÅ·B

  o  m+¶ Í»ÝÌÊuð}[NµÜ·(á ma)B'+¶ Í}[Nµ½ÊuÉ
     WvµÜ·B

  o  !command ÍVFÌR}hðÀsµÜ·B

  10.2.  Linux ÅÌtÔÉæéobNAbv

  ßµ¢±ÆÉALinux ÅÍÜ¾t@CÌo[WÔªT|[g³êÄ¢
  Ü¹ñªAñÊèÌû@Å±Ì§ñð·é±ÆªÅ«Ü·BêÂÚÌû@
  Í RCS ( Revision ControlSystem )ðg¤±ÆÅA±êÍÏXOt@Cð
  Û¶µÄ¨±ÆªÅ«Ü·B RCS Íu RCS MINI-HOWTO vÅðà³êÄ¢
  Ü·B( <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/RCS.html>) (óFRCS
  MINI-HOWTO ú{êó <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/RCS.html>Í±±)

  ñÂÚÌû@ÍAtÔµÄobNAbv·é±ÆÌÅ«éGfB^ðg¤±Æ
  Å·Bemacs â jed Èç OK Å·Bemacs ÍA .emacs ÉÌR[hðÇÁ
  µÜ·B

       (setq version-control t)
       (setq kept-new-versions 15) ;;; or any other value
       (setq kept-old-versions 15)
       (setq backup-by-copying-when-linked t)
       (setq backup-by-copying-when-mismatch t)

  jed Ì 0.98.7 È~Ìo[Wð¨¿ÌûÍA
  <http://ibogeo.df.unibo.it/guido/slang/backups.sl>©çüèÅ«épb`
  ð ÄêÎÂ\ÉÈèÜ·B

  10.3.  A[JCuFtar Æ gzip

  UNIX ÅÍAt@Cð³kµÄA[JCuÉ[ßé±ÆªLsÈíêÄ¢
  Ü·Btar Ít@CðWßÄAA[JCuðìèÜ·BVµ¢A[JCuÌ
  ìèûF

       $ tar -cvf <archive_name.tar> <file> [file...]

  A[JCu©çt@Cðæèo·ÉÍF

       $ tar -xpvf <archive_name.tar> [file...]

  A[JCuÌàeðê·éÉÍF

       $ tar -tf <archive_name.tar> | less

  fBXNXy[Xðßñ·é½ßÉAcompress © gzip ðgÁÄt@Cð
  ³kµÜ·B compress ÍàÍâ®ÈÌÅg¤×«Å èÜ¹ñB

       $ compress <file>
       $ gzip <file>

  ±êÉæÁÄ .Z (compress)â .gz (gzip) ÈÇÌg£qt«Ìt@Cª¶
  ¬³êÜ·B±êçÌvOÅÍA[JCuÍìçê¸At@CÍÂÊ
  É³k³êÜ·BL··éÉÍF

       $ compress -d <file.Z>
       $ gzip -d <file.gz>

  RMP.

  unarj, zip â unzip [eBeBÈÇàgpÂ\Å·Bg£q .tar.gz
  © .tgz ªÂ¢½t@C( gzip Å³kµA tar ÅA[JCuÉµ½à
  Ì)ÍAUNIX ÅÍ©ÈèêÊIÅ·B .tar.gz A[JCuÌàeðê·é
  ÉÍA

       $ tar -ztf <file.tar.gz> | less

  ÆµÜ·B .tar.gz A[JCu©çt@Cðæèo·ÉÍA

       $ tar -zxf <file.tar.gz>

  ÆµÜ·B

  11.  À¶ÅÌá

  UNIX ÌjÆÈéACfAÍAPÈR}hðpCvâ_CNgÉæè
  µÄA{É¡GÈìÆÅ³¦sÈ¦éæ¤É·é±ÆÅ·BÈºÌáð
  ä¾³¢BÅà¬Ý¢Á½âèÉÂ¢ÄÌÝà¾µÜµå¤B¼Ì±ÆÉ
  Â¢ÄÍA±êÜÅÌÍâ man y[WðQlÉµÄÝÄ¾³¢B

  âè : ls ðg¤Æt@CÌêªXN[µÄAæÊ©çÁ¦ÄµÜ
  ¤B

  ð F

       $ ls | less

  âè : PêÌXgðÜñ¾t@Cª èÜ·B»êðtÅ\[gµA
  óüµ½¢ÌÅ·ªB

  ðF

  $ cat myfile.txt | sort -r | lpr

  âè : f[^t@CàÉ¯¶f[^ðÜÞsªôÂà èÜ·B»êðØ
  èlßéû@Í èÜ·©B

  ðF

       $ sort datafile.dat | uniq > newfile.dat

  âè : umypaper.txtv©umypaper.texv©A»êÉ½¼OÌt@Cª
   éÌÅ·ªAÇ±É éÌ©v¢o¹Ü¹ñB©Â¯éû@ÍH

  ðF

       $ find ~ -name "mypaper*"

  à¾ F find ÍfBNgc[(±ÌáÅÍA~ È~)ÌSÄÌt@C
  ðê·é·²ÖÈR}hÅ·B-name ðg¢tB^[ð©¯ÄoÍ
  ·é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

  âè : uentropyvðÜñ¾t@CªfBNgÉ èÜ·B SEARCH
  R}hÌæ¤É»êªÇÌt@CÉ é©T·û@Í èÜ·©H

  ðû@FÍ¢A±Ìæ¤ÉµÜ·B

       $ grep -l 'entropy' *

  âè : Ç±©ÉuentropyvðÜñ¾eLXgt@Cª éÆv¤ñÅ·
  ªA»êªÇ±ÌÈñÄ¢¤t@C©mè½¢BVMS ÅÍ search entropy
  [...]*.*;* ðg¢Üµ½ªAgrep ÅÍTufBNgÈºðÄAIÉT·
  ±ÆªÅ«Ü¹ñB¢¢l¦ èÜ·©H

  ðF

       $ find . -exec grep -l "entropy" {} \; 2> /dev/null

  à¾Ffind . ÍJgfBNg©çnßÄASÄÌt@Cêðo
  ÍµA -exec grep -l "entropy" Íet@CðÎÛÉÀsµÜ· ({} Éæ
  è\³êé)B\ ÍR}hðI¹³¹Ü·BRA±Ì\¶ªÊ|¾Æ´¶
  éÅµå¤ËB

  ãíèÉAÌæ¤ÈXNvgt@CðÆÇ¢Åµå¤B (óF
  Í find . -type f |xargs grep 'entropy' Ìæ¤ÉµÄ¢Ü·)
  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  # rgrep: ÄAIÈ grep
  if [ $# != 3 ]
  then
    echo "Usage: rgrep --switches 'pattern' 'directory'"
    exit 1
  fi
  find $3 -name "*" -exec grep $1 $2 {} \; 2> /dev/null
  ______________________________________________________________________

  à¾F search Ìæ¤È grep Æ find ÆðgÝí¹êÎA¼ûÌ¢EÅÅ
  àg¢â·¢àÌÉÈéÆv¢Ü·B

  âè : 2 sÌwb_[ÅnÜéf[^t@Cª èAesÉÍsvÈXy
  [XÅæØçê½ n ÂÌf[^ª èÜ·BesÌ 2 ÔÚÆ 5 ÔÚÌf[
  ^ª~µ¢ÌÅ·ªAFortran ÅvOð¢½ûª¢¢Åµå¤©H

  ð : ¢¢¦A±Á¿Ìûª¢B

       $ awk 'NL > 2 {print $2, "\t", $5}' datafile.dat > newfile.dat

  à¾FR}h awk ÍÀÛÍvO¾êÅAf[^t@CÌ 3 sÚ©
  çJnµÄAesÌ 2 ÔÚÆ 5 ÔÚð^uÅæØÁÄvgµÜ·B awk
  ðwÑÈ³¢ --- ½ÌÔðßñÅ«Ü·æB

  âè : FTP TCg©ç_E[hµ½ ls-lR.gz Ìàeð²×½¢BTu
  fBNgÉuv xxxx vÌsªÜÜêÄ¢Ü·Bxxxx ÍfBNg
  àeð KB PÊÌTCYÅ\µ½àÌÅ·B±Ì xxxx ÌWvðsÈ¢½¢Ì
  Å·ªB

  ðF

       $ zcat ls-lR.gz | awk ' $1 == "total" { i += $2 } END {print i}'

  à¾Fzcat Í .gz t@CÌàeðoÍµAawk ÉpCvµÜ·Bawk Í
  man y[WÉJÉÌÁÄ¢Ü·æ ;-)

  âèFf[^t@CÌlðvZ·é Fortran vO myprog ª èÜ
  ·BSÌt@CðÇÝÜ¹ÄÊðoÍµ½¢ÌÅ·ªAf[^t@C
  ¼ð¢¿¢¿ÅÂÌªÊ|Å·BVMS ÅÍ·¢R}ht@CðÆv
  ¢Ü·ªALinux ÅÍÇ¤·êÎ¢¢ÌÅµå¤H

  ð: ·²Z¢XNvgÅÅ«Ü·æBmyprog ªíÉu mydata.dat v
  ðÇÝAÊðWoÍ( stdout )É\¦·éæ¤ÉµÄ¨¢ÄAÌXN
  vgð«Ü·B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  # myprog.sh: ½ÌÙÈét@CÉÎµÄ¯¶R}hðÀsµÜ·B
  # gpû@F myprog.sh *.dat
  for file in $*  # for all parameters (e.g. *.dat)
  do
    # t@C¼ð result.dat ÉÇÁµÄ¢«Ü·B
    echo -n "${file}:    " >> results.dat
    # »ÝÌøð  mydata.dat ÉRs[µÄAmyprog ðÀsµÜ·B
    # »µÄAoÍð results.dat ÉÇÁµÜ·B
    cp ${file} mydata.dat ; myprog >> results.dat
  done
  ______________________________________________________________________

  âè : ÌeLXgt@CàÌugeologyvðSÄugeophysicsvÉu«·
  ¦½¢ÌÅ·ªAèìÆÅµÈ¯êÈçÈ¢ÌÅµå¤©H

  ð:¢¢¦A±ÌVFXNvgð¢Ä¾³¢B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  # $* Ì $1 ð $2 Éu«·¦Ü·B
  # gpû@Freplace "old-pattern" "new-pattern" file [file...]
  OLD=$1          # XNvgÌÅÌp[^
  NEW=$2          # 2 ÔÚÌp[^
  shift ; shift   # ÅÌñÂÌp[^ðÌÄéBÍt@C¼Å·B
  for file in $*  # p[^ÆµÄ^¦çê½SÄÌt@CÅ[vµÜ·B
  do
  #  OLD ð NEW Éu·µÄAe|t@CÉÛ¶µÜ·B
    sed "s/$OLD/$NEW/g" ${file} > ${file}.new
  # e|t@CðIWit@C¼Él[µÜ·B
    /bin/mv ${file}.new ${file}
  done
  ______________________________________________________________________

  âè : ôÂ©f[^t@Cª ÁÄA»Ì·³Í»çÈ¢ñÅ·ªAÅã
  ©ç 1 ÂOÌsÆ 2 ÂOÌsðí·éÉÍ A¦[Æ...èìÆÅ·©H

  ð: à¿ëñAm[BXNvgð¢Ä¾³¢B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  # prune.sh Í n-1ÔÚÆ n-2 ÔÚÌsðt@C©çíµÜ·B
  # gpû@F prune.sh file [file...]
  for file in $*   # SÄÌp[^Å[vµÜ·B
  do
    LINES=`wc -l $file | awk '{print $1}'`  # t@CÌsÔ
    LINES=`expr $LINES - 3`                 # LINES = LINES - 3
    head -n $LINES $file > $file.new        # Å KINES sðoÍµÜ·B
    tail -n 1 $file >> $file.new            # ÅIsðÁ¦Ü·B
  done
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ±êçÌáª È½Ì»¡ð»»èÜ·æ¤É...

  12.  ±êÈµÅÍâÁÄä¯È¢é

  o  R}hÌâ®FR}hðsµÄérÅ <TAB> ð¹ÎAR}h
     CÌâ®ðµÄêÜ·Bá¦ÎAless this_is_a_long_name Æ^C
     vµÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢Æ«Aless thi<TAB> ÆÅÂ¾¯Å\ªÅ·(¯¶P
     êÅnÜét@Cª¼Éà éÈçAB³ðð·é½ßÌ¶ð
     âÁÄ¾³¢)B

  o  obNXN[FSHIFT--Page Up (DFÌL[)ð¹ÎAy[Wª
     obNXN[µÜ·B È½Ì PC ÌrfIeÊÉàæèÜ·
     ªB

  o  æÊÌZbgFmore â cat ÅoCit@CðJ¢ÄµÜÁ½çA
     æÊãÍS~¾ç¯ÌóÔÉÈéÅµå¤B±êð¼·ÉÍA reset ©A
     ¶ñ echo CTRL-V ESC c RETURN ðæÊð©¸É^CvµÄ¾³¢B

  o  eLXgÌ£èt¯FR\[[hÈçðä¾³¢B X Å
     ÍAxterm EChEÅNbNÆhbOÉæèeLXgðIðµÄA
     ^Ì{^( 2 {^}EXÈçAñÂÌ{^ð¯É)ðµÄ£è
     t¯Ü·B

  o  }EXÌgpFR\[pÌ}EXhCo gpm ªCXg[³êÄ
     ¢é©AVXeÇÒÉqËÄ¾³¢BNbNÆhbOÉæèe
     LXgðIðµAE{^ðNbNµÄeLXgð£èt¯Ü·B±ê
     ÍÙÈé VC ÔÅà®ìµÜ·B

  13.  Linux Å VMS Ìe[vðÇÞÉÍ

  (±ÌÍÍ Mike Miller ÉæÁÄ©ê½àÌÅ·)

  13.1.  Í¶ßÉ

  XAVMS }VÅ«ñ¾e[v( é¢ÍAVMS Æ *nix VXeÅÇ
  ÝæèÂ\Èæ¤Éì¬µ½àÌ)ðÇÝÝ½¢±Æª éÅµå¤BTµ
  ÄA±êª DECFILES11A e[vÈçÜÁ½ÈPÅ·B

  Linux mini-HOWTO ÌêÆµÄ±êðÇñ¾±Æª é©àmêÜ¹ñªA
  ±±ÅÌîñÍÇÌ *nix VXeÅàKpÂ\¾ÆM¶Ü· - 
  ÍALinuxAHPA Sun »êÉ DEC *nix VXeãÅsÈ¢Üµ½BªmÁ
  Ä¢éåÈvbgtH[Ë¶_ÍAÙÈéVXeÉfoCX¼ªá¤
  ±ÆÆAfoCX¼ðwè·é mt ÌIvVÅ·(á¦ÎALinux ÅÍ mt
  -f AHPUX 9Èç mt -t)B

  x - ±êÍ Exabyte 8mm SCSI e[vuÌÝÅµÜµ½B¼ÌtH[
  }bg`®(Ü¾ 9 gbNÍ éÌ©µç)ÅÇÝÞ±ÆªÅ«½çA
  Émç¹Ä¾³¢B±±ÉÁ¦Ä¨«Ü·B

  13.2.  îb

  VMS Ìu copy vR}hÅì¬³ê½e[v( é¢ÍAÆà© copy Å
  ì¬³ê½ÌÆ¯¶æ¤Éìçê½àÌ)ðÇÞÆ«ÉAÀÛÌf[^t@C
  Ée[vãÉ éOÂt@C - wb_[Af[^AgC[Ì±Æ
  ðmÁÄ¨Kvª èÜ·Bwb_[ÆgC[Í VMS ãÉ Á½Æ«
  Ìt@Cîñði[µ½àÌÉÖW èÜ·Bf[^ÍAà¿ëñf[^Ì
  ±ÆÅ·Bß¢ß¢Ìt@CÍ dd R}hÅe[v©çæèo·±ÆªÅ
  «Ü·Bmt R}hÅe[vÌÊuð ¿±¿ÉÚ®³¹é±ÆªÅ«Ü
  ·B

  áFA±µÄt@Cª«ÜêÄ¢é VMS Ìe[vª èÜ·BÅÌ
  ñÂÍAVMS VXeÅÌIWiÌ¼Oª ce66-2.evt Æ ce66-3.evt Å
  ·Be[vxÍ c66a2 Å·B

  àµ±êçÌR}hðÀsµ½ÈçA

       > dd if=$TAPE bs=16k of=header1
       > dd if=$TAPE bs=16k of=data1
       > dd if=$TAPE bs=16k of=trailer1
       > dd if=$TAPE bs=16k of=header2
       > dd if=$TAPE bs=16k of=data2
       > dd if=$TAPE bs=16k of=trailer2

  UÂÌt@C - header1, data1, trailer1, header2, data2 Æ trailer2
  ðæèo¹Ü·B±±ÅÌ\¶ÍAif="üÍt@C", bs="ubNTCY"
  »µÄAof="oÍt@C"Å·BTAPE Í È½Ìe[vuÌu¼ÌÉ
  ¶ÄÏX³êé±ÆÅµå¤B - á¦ÎALinux ÅÌêÔÚÌ SCSI e[v
  Í /dev/nts0 Å·B

  ÅÌt@C¶áÈ 2 ÔÚÌt@CðÇÝ½¢Æ«ÉAwb_[ÉÂ
  ¢ÄÍCÉ¹¸ÉæÄA³çÉIWiÌt@C¼ðg¢½¯êÎA±
  Ìæ¤ÉµÜ·B

       > mt -f $TAPE fsf 4
       > dd if=$TAPE bs=16k of=ce66-2.evt
       > mt -f $TAPE fsf 1

  4 ÍÅÌt@C©ç 3 ÂÌt@CÆAÌwb_ÌêÂðXLbv·
  é½ßÉ é±ÆÉÓµÄ¾³¢BñÂÚÌ mt Í 2 ÔÚÌt@CÌ
  gC[ðXLbvµÄAÌt@C - 3 ÔÚÌ VMS wb_[ Ìæª
  Ée[vÌÊuðÚµÜ·Bmt ðgÁÄAãû( bsf )ÉXLbvµ½èAª
  «ßµ½è ( rewind )Aª«ßµÄA[h( offline, rewoffl )·é±
  ÆàÜ½Å«Ü·B

  13.3.  Ú×

  wb_[ÆgC[t@CÍAubNTCYÈÇÌt@CîñðÛ¶
  ·é½ßÉ VMS Ågíêéå¶Ì ASCII f[^ðÜñ¾àÌÅ·B»êç
  ÍÜ½t@C¼àÜñÅ¨èA©®Åt@CðÇÝñ¾èAÁèÌt@
  CðT[`·éXNvgðìéÌÉÖÅ·Be[v{[ÌêÔÚ
  Ìwb_[ÍA»êÈ~Ìwb_[ÆÍí¸©ÉÙÈÁÄ¢Ü·B

  ãLÌáÅ header1 É·ée[vãÌÅÌt@CÍAßÌS¶
  ªuVOL1vÅnÜèA»ÌãÉ{[¼ª±«Ü·BáÅÍAheader1 Í
  VOL1C66A2 ÅnÜèÜ·BÅIéA±µ½Xy[Xª±«Ü·B»Ìã
  ÉAt@Cwb_[Å é±Æð¦·u HDR1 vª èÜ·BHDR1 É±
  ¶ñª VMS t@C¼Å·BáÅÍAHDR1CE66-2.EVT Å·BÌtB[
  hÍAÄÑ{[¼ÆÈèÜ·B

  e[vãÌÅÌt@CÈOÌt@CÉÍAêªÉ VOL1 tB[hÍ 
  èÜ¹ñB VOL1 tB[hªÈ¢±Æð¯ÎAwb_[Ì\¢ÍÅÌ
  t@CÆ»êÈOÌt@Cà¯¶Å·B¼ÉÖÈtB[hÍVÔÚÌ
  tB[hÅAu DECFILES11A vÅIéÅµå¤B±êÍ DEC Files11A K
  iÉKµÄ¢ée[vÉÍA±ÌtB[hª éÍ¸Å·B
            tB[h ÅÌwb_[          Ìwb_[
            =========   ==================     ==================
                1       VOL1 + {[¼    HDR1 + t@C¼
                2       3HDR1 + t@C¼     {[¼
                3       {[¼

                6                              ...DECFILES11A
                7      ...DECFILES11A

  wb_[âgC[Ì®SÈtH[}bgÌÚ×ÉÂ¢ÄÍADEC FILES11A
  hLgðä¾³¢(IWâOCÌÇÌãÉ èÜ· - gßÉ
  ¢é VMS MòÒÉqËÄ¾³¢ :-)B

  13.4.  ubNTCYÉÂ¢ÄÌðà

  áÅÍA16k ÌubNTCYðg¢Üµ½B*nix VXeÅÍAfBXN
  ãÌt@CÉÖAÃ¯½ubNTCYÍ èÜ¹ñªAVMS ÅÌet@C
  ÉÍAÅLÌubNTCYª èÜ·B±êÍAe[vðÇÞ±Æ³¦ï
  µÈ¯êÎAubNTCYÍALinux EÉ¨¢Äåµ½âèÅÍÈ¢±Æ
  Ó¡µÜ·BàµubNTCYðZoµÄe[vðÇÞ±Æªïµ¯ê
  ÎAmt -f $TAPE setblk 0 ðgÁÄAn[hEFAubNTCYðÝè·
  é±ÆªÅ«Ü·Bsetblk IvVÌ³mÈ`®(ÆAgpÂ\©Ç¤
  ©)Í mt Ìo[WÆA È½ªgp·éÁèÌ *nix ÌíÞÉËèÜ
  ·B

  ( setblk ÉÂ¢ÄwEµÄê½ Wojtek Skulski É´Ó (
  <mailto:skulski@nsrlc6.nsrl.rochester.edu>))

  14.  IèÉ

  14.1.  Copyright

  Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
  their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
  distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
  as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
  redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
  like to be notified of any such distributions.

  ÁÉfçÈ¢ÀèALinux HOWTO hLgÍ»ê¼êÌÒÌì¨Å
  ·BLinux HOWTO hLgÍASÄÌRs[É¨¢Ä copyright ªÛ
  ³êÄ¢éÀèAÇÌæ¤È¨I é¢ÍdqIÈfBAÉæÁÄàAS
   é¢Í»Ìêð¡»µAzz·é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B¤pÌÄzzÉÂ¢
  ÄàÂâ§ãð³êÄ¢Ü·ªA»Ìæ¤È¢©ÈézzÉÖµÄàAÒ
  ÍÊm³êé±Æð]ñÅ¢Ü·B

  All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
  any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
  That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
  additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
  may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
  HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

  SÄÌ|óAh¶IÈì¨A é¢Í¢¸ê©Ì Linux HOWTO ¶Ìàe
  ðæèüêÄWIÈì¨Í±Ì copyright ÌºÅÛì³êéKvª è
  Ü·BÂÜèA¢¸ê©Ì HOWTO ðàÆÉµ½ì¨ðìÁÄà»ÌzzÉ
  §ÀðÇÁµÄÍ¢¯Ü¹ñB éðÌºÅÍA±êçÌK¥ÉÎ·éáO
  ªFßçêéêª èÜ·BºLÌAhXÌ Linux HOWTO ÌR[fBl
  [^[ÉAðæÁÄ¾³¢B

  In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
  as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
  on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
  redistribute the HOWTOs.

  v·éÉA½¿ÍÂ\ÈÀè½ÌoHðÊ¶Ä±ÌîñÌyð£i·é
  ±Æð]ñÅ¢Ü·Bµ©µA½¿Í HOWTO Ì¶Ìì ðÛ·é±
  Æà]ñÅ¢Ü·µAÜ½»êç HOWTO Ì¶ðÄzz·éÇñÈvæ
  à½¿Émç¹Ä¢½¾¯êÎKrÉv¢Ü·B

  If you have questions, please contact Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO
  coordinator, at  <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu> via email.

  ^âª êÎALinux HOWTO ÌR[fBl[^Å é Tim Bynum
  <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu> ÜÅ e-mail ÅAµÄ¾³¢B

  14.2.  Disclaimer

  This work was written following the experience we had at the Settore
  di Geofisica of the Universita' di Bologna (Italy), where a VAX 4000
  has been superseded and replaced by Linux-based Pentium PCs. Most of
  my colleagues are VMS users, and some of them have switched to Linux.

  ±ÌdÍASettore di Geofisica of the Universita' di Bologna (Italy)
  É¨¢Ä VAX 4000 ð Linux x[XÌ Pentium PC Év[Xµ½o±É
  îÃ¢Ä¢½àÌÅ·BÌ¯»ÌÙÆñÇÍ VMS [UÅA»Ì¤¿Ì
  lª Linux É]üµÜµ½B

  ``From VMS to Linux HOWTO'' was written by Guido Gonzato,
  <mailto:guido ``at'' ibogeo.df.unibo.it>, and Mike Miller,
  <mailto:miller5@uiuc.edu> who contributed the section on reading VMS
  tapes.  Many thanks to my colleagues and friends who helped me define
  the needs and habits of the average VMS user, especially to Dr. Warner
  Marzocchi.

  u From VMS to Linux HOWTO vÍ Guido Gonzato
  <mailto:guido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it> ÆAMike Miller
  <mailto:miller5@uiuc.edu> (ÞÍ VMS Ìe[vðÇÞÉÍ ÌÍÅñ^µÜ
  µ½)Éæè©ê½àÌÅ·BÌ¯»Å èFlÌ Dr. Warner Marzocchi
  É½åÈé´ÓÌOðù°½¢BÞÍ½ÏIÈ VMS [UªßÄ¢éàÌ
  âAâÁÄµÜ¢ª¿È±ÆÉÂ¢ÄÉAhoCXµÄêÜµ½B

  Please help me improve this HOWTO. I'm not a VMS expert and never will
  be, so your suggestions and bug reports are more than welcome.

  ±Ì HOWTO ðüP·éè¯ðµÄ¾³¢BÍ ¡ãÆà VMS ÌGLX
  p[gÅÍÈ¢ÌÅA È½ÌñÄâoO|[gð½}µÜ·B

  Enjoy,

  Guido =8-)

  14.3.  ú{êÅÓ«

  |óÉ ½ÁÄºLÌF³ñ©çAhoCXâRgð¢½¾«Üµ½BÇ
  ¤à èªÆ¤²´¢Üµ½B

  ²ìr³ñ
  ²¡ºê³ñ
  JçG³ñ
  äLõ³ñ
  é³½³ñ
  Rè@gg³ñ
  Akihiro Koda³ñ
  åXÛp³ñ
  eJ½³ñ
  C³ñ