Sophie: howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0 noarch

howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0.noarch.rpm

  From DOS/Windows to Linux HOWTO
  By Guido Gonzato,  <mailto:REMOVE_MEguido@ibo-
  geo.df.unibo.it>(Remove ``REMOVE_ME'')
  v1.3.2, 22 February 1999
  {ì_j,  <mailto:hmiyano@webjapan.com>
  v1.3.2, 28 April 2000

  ±Ì HOWTO Í SÄÌ Linux (t[Ì UNIX N[) Éæè·¦æ¤Æ
  Sµ½ (à¤·®ßÌàÌÉÈé?) DOS Æ Windows [UÉù°Ü·B±
  ÌhLgÌÚIÍÇÒÌ DOS â Windows Ìm¯ð Linux ÅÌÂ«É
  ó·è`¢ð·é±ÆÆAñÂÌ OS ÔÅÌt@Câ\[XÌð·ÉÂ¢
  ÄÌqgðñ·é±ÆÅ·B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ú

  1. Í
     1.1 Linux Í È½ÉÁÄÜ·©?
     1.2 àÁÆ³¦Ä¾³¢
        1.2.1 Cg_NV
        1.2.2 Íð¾é
     1.3 æèß

  2. ¹Á©¿ÈlBÖ
  3. bash ðgÁÄÝé
  4. t@CÆvO
     4.1 t@C: \õm¯
     4.2 V{bNN
     4.3 p[~bVÆL 
     4.4 t@C: R}hð|ó·é
        4.4.1 á
     4.5 vOÌN®: }`^XNÆZbV
     4.6 [gRs[^ãÅvOðÀs·é

  5. fBNgðg¤
     5.1 fBNg: \õm¯
     5.2 fBNgÌp[~bV
     5.3 fBNgÉÖµÄ : DOS Æ Linux ÅÌR}hÌÎ
        5.3.1 á

  6. tbs[An[hfBXN
     6.1 DOS X^CÅfoCXðÇ·é
     6.2 UNIX X^CÅfoCXðÇ·é
     6.3 obNAbv

  7. Windows Í?
  8. VXeð©ªDÝÉd§Äé
     8.1 VXeú»t@C
     8.2 vOú»t@C

  9. lbg[LO: RZvg
  10. ¿åÁÆ¾¯vO~O
     10.1 VFXNvg: ob`t@CÌ»Å
     10.2 C ¾êð È½É

  11. cèÌ 1%
     11.1 tar Æ gzip ðg¤
     11.2 AvP[VÌCXg[
     11.3 mÁÄ¨×«qg
     11.4 Ç±ÅAvP[Vð©t¯é©
     11.5 DOS/Win ÅÍÅ«È©Á½±Æ
     11.6 DOS/Windows ãÅ UNIX ðÌ±
     11.7 ægíêég£qÆÖA·évO
     11.8 t@CÌÏ·
     11.9 t[ÌItBX»i

  12. ¡ÌÆ±ëÍ±êÅIíè
     12.1 ì 
     12.2 ÆÓ

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Í

  1.1.  Linux Í È½ÉÁÄÜ·©?

  DOS Ì¢E (Windows ðÜÞ) ©ç Linux ÖÆæè·¦½¢ñÅ·©?  ¼Ä
  Å·BLinux Í DOS â Windows 9xA³çÉ Windows NT æèàZpIÉDê
  Ä¢Ü·BÅàÓµÄ¾³¢BLinux Í È½ÌðÉ§½È¢©àµêÜ
  ¹ñBÈºÍ DOS/Windows Æ Linux Ìî{IÈá¢Å·B

  o  Windows ãÅÍ Microsoft Office â½ÌQ[ªg¦Ü·µAÈPÈ
     CXg[âÝèªÂ\Å·Bµ©µsÀèÅptH[}Xà«¢
     µAæNbVµÜ·B

  o  Linux ãÅÍ StarOfficeA½Ìêå\tgEFAA»µÄÈßÌQ[
     ª®«Ü·BCXg[âÝèÍïµà èÜ·ªAâÌæ¤É
     ÅÅ_ÌÈ¢ptH[}XÅANbV·é±ÆÍÙÆñÇ èÜ
     ¹ñB

   È½ÉÆÁÄ½ªKvÈÌ©Í È½©gªßé±ÆÅ·Bt¯Á¦Ä¨
  ÆALinux Í È½Ép[ð^¦ÄêÜ·ªA¤Üg¦éæ¤ÉÈé
  ÜÅÍ éöxÌÔªKvÅ·B¾©çA¤pÌ\tgªKvÈêªÙÆ
  ñÇ¾Á½èAVµ¢R}hâTOðo¦½è·éÌª¾Á½èµ½çá
  ¤àÌðTµÄ¾³¢BÅÅÂÜ¸¢ÄúßÄµÜ¤Vç³ñ½¿ª½
  ³ñ¢é±ÆðSÉu¢Ä¨¢Ä¾³¢B

  Linux ðàÁÆÈPÉg¦éæ¤É·é½ßÌìÆÍisÅ·ªAhL
  gð½³ñÇñÅÈÆà Linux ðgíÈ¢©¬èAnûµ½
  [UÉÈé±ÆðúÒµÈ¢Å¾³¢BLinux Í·®ÉÍÊðêÜ¹
  ñBµ©µÈªçAàµà È½ª Linux ÉÁÄ¢é^CvÌlÈçK¸
  Linux ÉÉyð©t¯é±ÆðªÛØµÜ·B¿ÈÝÉ Linux Æ
  DOS/Windows Í¯¶}VãÅK¹É¯Å«Ü·B

  ±Ì HOWTO ðÇÞ¤¦ÅÌð:

  o  î{IÈ DOS R}hÆ»ÌTOðmÁÄ¢é±Æ

  o  Linux ÆAÅ«êÎ X Window System ( X11 Æª·) ª«¿ñÆ È½Ì
     PC ÉCXg[³êÄ¢é±Æ

  o  VF (COMMAND.COM É) Í bash ðgpµÄ¢é±Æ

  ÁÉLÚªÈ¢ÀèA¶ÍàÌSÄÌîñÍÃ««« DOS ðÎÛÆµÄ¢Ü
  ·B¶ÍàÉÍ Windows Ìîñª¿çÙçÆ èÜ·ªAWindows Æ Linux
  ÍADOS ª¨eÈªçàÇ±ÆÈ UNIX ÆÄ¢éÌÆá¢ASÙÈé
  àÌ¾Æ¢¤±ÆðSÉ~ßÄ¨¢Ä¾³¢B

  Ó! ±ÌhLgÍ®SÈüåÅàÝèKChÅà èÜ¹ñB

  ±ÌhLgÌÅVÅÍÈºÌTCg©ç¢Â©Ì`®ÅüèÂ\Å·
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/howto>(ú{êó:
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF>)B

  1.2.  àÁÆ³¦Ä¾³¢

   È½Í Linux ÆKvÈvOð PC ÉCXg[µÜµ½B[U
  AJEgà©ªpÌàÌðì¬µ (Ü¾âÁÄÈ©Á½ç¡·® adduser
   È½Ì¼O ·é±Æ!)ALinux ªN®µÄ¢Ü·B[Ul[ÆpX
  [hð^CvµAXN[ð©ÂßÄvÁÄ¢Ü·BuÓÞA½µ½ç¢¢
  ñ¾ë?v

  â]µÈ¢Å¾³¢B È½Í±ê©ç DOS/Win ÅsÁÄ«½æ¤È±Æ
  âA»ÌÙ©FXÈ±Æð·éõªÙÆñÇÅ«½ÌÅ·Bàµ È½ª
  Linux ÅÍÈ DOS/Win ðN®µÄ¢½ÈçAÈºÌæ¤È±ÆðµÄ¢é
  ±ÆÉÈèÜ·B

  o  vOÌN®At@CÌì¬ERs[E{EíEóüEl[
     

  o  fBNgÌ CDAMDARDA»µÄ DIR ðs¤

  o  tbs[ÌtH[}bgÆtbs[ÖÌRs[â»Ìt

  o  VXeð©ªDÝÉd§Äé

  o  lbgT[tB·é

  o  .BAT t@CâvOðD«È¾êÅLq·é

  o  cèÌ 1%

      È½Í±êçÌdªADOS ãÅs¤ÌÆ½´¶Å Linux ãÅàÅ«
     é±ÆðmÁÄìÔÅµå¤BDOS ãÅÊÌ[UÍA100 ]è éR
     }hÌÅàµµ©g¢Ü¹ñBLinux Åà éöxÍ»êÆ¯¶±
     Æª¾¦Ü·B

  1.2.1.  Cg_NV

  Vµ¢àÌðo¦éÌÉêÔæ¢û@ÍÆÉ©µÄÝé±ÆÅ·BºÐ
  Linux ÅÀ±µ½èAVñ¾èµÄÝÄ¾³¢B root ÅOCµÈ¢À
  è (À±µ½èVñ¾èµÄà) VXeÉ_[Wð^¦é±ÆÍ èÜ¹
  ñ©çB

  v_

  o  Ü¸nßÉAÇ¤âÁÄÀSÉ Linux ðVbg_E·é©BàµeL
     Xg[hÌæÊª©¦Ä¢éóÔÈç <CTRL-ALT-DEL> ðµVXe
     ªu[g·éÌðÒ¿A»ê©ç PC ÌXCb`ðØèÜ·Bàµà X
     Window System ãÉ¢éêÍ <CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE> µÄ©ç <CTRL-
     ALT-DEL> µÜ·BâÎÉ¢«Èè PC ÌXCb`ðØÁ½èAZbgµ
     ½èµÈ¢¾³¢Bt@CVXeÉ_[Wð^¦éÂ\«ª è
     Ü·B

  o   DOS â Windows Æá¢ALinux ÉÍgÝÝÌZLeBJjY
     ª èÜ·Bt@CÆfBNgÉÍp[~bVª èA»Ì
     ÊÆµÄÊÌ[UÅÍANZXÅ«È¢àÌà èÜ· (``p[~b
     VÆL ''ðQÆ)B½ÎÉ DOS â Windows ÅÍn[hfBXNÌ
     SÄÌàeðíÅ«½èµÄµÜ¢Ü·B

  o  urootv(VXeÇÒ) Í}VãÌSÄÌ¶ÆðÂ©³ÇéÁÊÈ
     [UÅ·Bàµà©ªÌ PC ðg¤ÈçA È½à root ÉÈé±Æª
      èÜ·B root Å®«ñéÌÍ ë¯ Å·BDOS/Win Ìæ¤ÉA³³¢
     È~XÅàVXeÉ[È_[Wð^¦½èAjóµ½èÅ«ÄµÜ
     ¢Ü·BâÎÉKvÆ¢¤Æ«ÈOÍ root Å®«ñçÈ¢±ÆB

  o   Linux Ì¡G³ÍA»ÌÙÆñÇÇñÈ±ÆÅàÝèÅ«ÄµÜ¤Æ±ë
     ©çÜ·BÙÆñÇSÄÌÁ¥âAvP[VÍÐÆÂ©»êÈã
     ÌÝèt@CÉæÁÄ©ªÌD«Èæ¤ÉÏXÅ«Ü·B¡G³Íp
     [ðèÉüêé½ßÉx¥¤ãÅ·B

  o  _CNgÆpCvÍ DOS ÅÍI}PÌæ¤È@\Å·ªALinux ãÅ
     ÍñíÉdvÅAàÁÆÍ¢àÌÅ·BÈPÈR}hð©ÉµÄ¡G
     È^XNð±È·±ÆàÅ«Ü·B±êçÌg¢ûðo¦é±Æð
     §µÜ·B

  1.2.2.  Íð¾é

  Linux ÅÍð¾éÉÍ½³ñÌû@ª èÜ·BàÁÆàdvÈû@Í:

  o  hLgðÇÞ --- ±êÍ{Å·B È½ªÇñÅ¢é HOWTO Í
     Linux ÖÌCg_NVÆµÄg¦é©àµêÜ¹ñªA È½ª
     {ÉÇñ¾ûªæ¢{ª èÜ·BMatt Welsh Ì uLinux
     Installation and Getting Startedv(
     <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/LDP/gs/gs.html>)ALarry Greenfield Ì
     uLinux User Guidev(
     <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide>)A
     »µÄ Linux FAQ (
     <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/faqs/linux-faq/Linux-FAQ> :
     ú{êó  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Linux-FAQ.html>) Å·B
     ÈÆà±êçÌàÐÆÂðÇÞÜÅÍ¤µëß½¢v¢ðµÄ¢Ä
     ¾³¢B

  o  }VÉCXg[³ê½pbP[WÌhLgÍAÙÆñÇÌê
      /usr/doc/ ÈºÌTufBNgàÅ©t©èÜ·B

  o  VFÌuàR}hvÉÂ¢Ämè½¢ÈçAhelp Æ^Cv·é©A
     àÁÆæ¢ÌÍ man bash â info bash Å·B

  o  R}hÉÂ¢Äµè½¢ÈçAman command Æ^Cv·é±ÆÅA
     command Ì}jA(umanv)y[Wª êÎ»êªN®µÜ·BÜ½Í
     info command Æ^Cv·é±ÆÅAgpÂ\ÈçÎ command ÉÖ·é
     info y[WªN®µÜ·Binfo ÍnCp[eLXgx[X¶ÍVXe
     ÅAàµ©µ½çÅÍ Üè¼ÏIÉg¦È¢©àµêÜ¹ñBÅã
     ÉAapropos command â whatis command ðµÄÝÄÍÇ¤Åµå¤B
     ±êçÌR}hÍSÄuqvÅI¹µÜ·B

  o  ÅãÉC^[lbgÅ·BÍð¾çêé³µ¢êÍ
     <news:comp.os.linux.setup> Ìæ¤È Usenet Å·B¨è¢Å·©çÒ
     É¯Äàç¤½ßÌ[ðçÈ¢Å¾³¢B©ªÌ±Æ¾¯Åè
     êtÈÌÅB

  1.3.  æèß

  ±ÌhLgàÅáÍÙÆñÇÌêÈºÌ`®ÉÈèÜ·B <...> Í
  K{ÌøÅA[...] ÍÈªÂ\Å·BáF

       $ tar -tf <file.tar> [> redir_file]

  ±±Å file.tar ÍK¸¦³êéKvª èÜ·ªAredir_file ÖÌ_C
  NgÍÈªÂ\Å·BuRPMvÆÍuplease Read the Man Pages for fur-
  ther information (Úµ¢îñÍ Man y[WðÇñÅ¾³¢)vÆ¢¤Ó¡
  Å·BÇê¾¯hLgðÇÞ±ÆªåØ©Í²µ«êÈ¢ç¢Å
  ·BuDOSWinvÆÍuDOS/WindowsvÌ±ÆÅ·B

  R}hÌvvgª # ¾Á½çA»ÌR}hÍ root ÉæÁÄÌÝÀ
  sÅ«Ü·B

  2.  ¹Á©¿ÈlBÖ

  ³Á»nßÜ·©? ±Ì\ðQÆµÄ¾³¢B

  DOS                     Linux                   Ó«
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ATTRIB (+-)attr file    chmod <mode> file       Sá¤
  BACKUP                  tar -Mcvf device dir/   ¯ã
  CD dirname\             cd dirname/             ÙÆñÇ¯¶¶@
  COPY file1 file2        cp file1 file2          ¯ã
  DEL file                rm file                 undelete ªÈ¢±ÆÉÚ
  DELTREE dirname         rm -R dirname/          ¯ã
  DIR                     ls                      S¯¶¶@ÅàÈ¢
  DIR file /S             find . -name file       ®SÉÊ¨
  EDIT file               vi file                 D«ÉÈêÈ¢Æv¢Ü·æ
                          jstar file              DOS Ì edit Ìæ¤Å·
  EDLIN file              ed file                 YêÜµå¤
  FORMAT                  fdformat,
                          mount, umount           \á¤¶@
  HELP command            man command,            ¯¶RZvg
                          info command
  MD dirname              mkdir dirname/          ÙÆñÇ¯¶¶@
  MORE < file             less file               Íé©ÉDG
  MOVE file1 file2        mv file1 file2          ¯ã
  NUL                     /dev/null               ¯ã
  PRINT file              lpr file                ¯ã
  PRN                     /dev/lp0,
                          /dev/lp1                ¯ã
  RD dirname              rmdir dirname/          ÙÆñÇ¯¶¶@
  REN file1 file2         mv file1 file2          ¡t@C¾ÆáÁÄé

  RESTORE                 tar -Mxpvf device       á¤¶@
  TYPE file               less file               Íé©ÉDG
  WIN                     startx                  åá¢!

  àµR}h\ÈãÌîñªKvÈçA±eZNVðQlÉµÄ¾³
  ¢B

  3.  bash ðgÁÄÝé

  gñÅ·BLinux ÅÍvvgÅ^Cvð·éÌªÀÉÈÄÏÝÜ·B
  ÈºÈç bash VFªÂ\ÈÀè È½ÌãíèÉ^CvµÄêA³çÉ
  ·Ä«ÈCGfBeBO\Íð¿Ü·BÜ¸æêÉAãîóL[ÍÐ
  ÆÂOÌR}hð\¦³¹A³çÉ <TAB> ð·±ÆÅt@CâfB
  Ng¼ðâ®Å«Ü·B

       $ ls /u[TAB]lo[TAB]b[TAB]

  ÍÈºÌæ¤É^CvµÄ¢éæ¤ÈàÌÅ·B

       $ ls /usr/local/bin

  ^CvÉs¾mÈêÍ

       $ ls /u[TAB]lo[TAB]i[TAB]

  bash Íâ®Ì®«ð~ßÜ·BÈºÈç±êª /usr/local/infoðwµÄ¢
  éÌ© /usr/local/include ðwµÄ¢éÌ©ª©çÈ¢©çÅ·Bà¤µ
  ¾¯¶ð«µÄA»Ìã <TAB> µÜµå¤B

  Ù©ÌÖÈL[ìÍ¶ü«Éêêðí·é <ESC-BACKSPACE> âEü«
  Éêêðí·é <ESC-D> Å·B<ESC-F> ÍJ[\ðêêªEÉÚ®
  µA<ESC-B> Í¶ÉÚ®µÜ·B <CTRL-A> ÍsÌÅÉÚ®µA<CTRL-E>
  ÅÅãÉÚ®µÜ·B <ALT> Í <ESC> L[ÉµÜ·B

  ¡Í±ÌöxÅæ¢Åµå¤Bêx±êçÌV[gJbgÉµêÄµÜ¤Æ
  DOS ÌvvgÉÍ¢ç¢ç³¹çêéæ¤ÉÈéÅµå¤B

  4.  t@CÆvO

  4.1.  t@C: \õm¯

  Linux Í DOS/Win ÉÆÄà½fBNgât@C\¬ÉÈÁÄ¢Ü
  ·Bt@CÉÍt@C¼ª èA±êçÍÁÊÈ[É]¢Ü·B±ê
  çÍfBNgàÉµÜíêA»ÌÉÍÀsÂ\t@Cà èA»êç
  ÌÙÆñÇÍR}hXCb`ðàÁÄ¢Ü·B³çÉAChJ[hâ
  _CNgApCvðg¤±ÆàÅ«Ü·B½¾µADOS/Win ÆÍ÷ÉÙÈ
  é_àµ¾¯ èÜ·B

  o   DOS ãÅÍt@C¼Í 8.3 tH[ÆÄÎêé`®ÉÈÁÄ¢Ü·
     (á NOTENOUG.TXT )BLinux ÅÍæèæ¢àÌÉÈÁÄ¢Ü·Bàµà 
     È½ª ext2 â umsdos Ìt@CVXeãÉ Linux ðCXg[
     µ½êÍA³çÉ·¢t@C¼ªg¦Ü·µ (255 ¶ÜÅ)A¡Ì
     hbgðg¤±ÆªÅ«Ü· (á¦Î This_is.a.VERY_long.filename)B
     ±±Åå¶Æ¬¶ð¬ºÄgÁ½±ÆÉÓµÄ¾³¢BÀÍA

  o  t@C¼âR}hÌå¶Æ¬¶ÍæÊ³êÜ·BÈÌ
     ÅAFILENAME.tar.gz Æ filename.tar.gz ÍñÂÌÙÈét@CÅ
     ·Bls ÍR}hÅ·ªALS ÍÔá¢Å·B

  o  Windows [UÖBLinux ãÅ·¢t@C¼ðg¤êÍCðt¯È
     ÄÍÈçÈ¢±Æª èÜ·Bàµàt@C¼ÉXy[XªÜÜêÄ¢
     éê (¨©ßµÜ¹ñªÂ\Å·)A»Ìt@C¼ðüÍ·éÆ«Í¢
     ÂÅàt@C¼ðñdøpÅÍÞKvª èÜ·Bá¦Î:

       $ # ÌR}hÅ uMy old filesv Æ¢¤¼OÌfBNgðì¬µÜ·B
       $ mkdir "My old files"
       $ ls
       My old files    bin     tmp

  ³çÉAÌ¶Íg¤×«ÅÍ èÜ¹ñ: !*$&#

  o  vOÉÍ .COM â .EXE Aob`t@CÉÍ .BAT Æ¢¤æ¤É
     ÜÁ½g£qðt¯éKvÍ èÜ¹ñBls -F R}hðÀs·éÆ
     Àst@CÉÍAX^XN u*vªt@C¼ÌãëÉÂ«Ü·Bá
     ¦Î:

  $ ls -F
  I_am_a_dir/   cindy.jpg    cjpg*   letter_to_Joe    my_1st_script*  old~

  cjpg* Æ my_1st_script* ÍÀsÂ\t@CAÂÜèÍuvOvÅ
  ·BobNAbvt@C¼Í DOS ãÅÍ .BAK Å¨íèÜ·ªALinux Å
  Ígüu~vÉÈèÜ·B³çÉAt@C¼ªhbg©çnÜét@CÍ
  Bµt@CÆ©È³êÜ·Bá¦Î .I.am.a.hidden.file Æ¢¤¼OÌ
  t@CÍ ls R}hÅÍ\¦³êÜ¹ñB

  o   DOS vOÌXCb`Í /switch Åg¤±ÆªÅ«Ü·ªALinux
     ÅÌXCb`Í -switch © --switch ÆÈèÜ·BÂÜè dir /s Í ls
     -R ÉÈèÜ·B½³ñÌ DOS vOÅàAá¦Î PKZIP â ARJ
     ÈÇÍ UNIX X^CÌXCb`ðg¤±Æðo¦Ä¨¢Ä¾³¢B

  ``R}hð DOS ©ç Linux Ö|ó·é'' ÌZNVÜÅêCÉÇÝò
  Î·±ÆàÅ«Ü·ªAª È½¾Á½ç±ÌÜÜÇÝ±¯Ü·B

  4.2.  V{bNN

  UNIX ÉÍ DOS ÅÍ¶ÝµÈ¢æ¤È^CvÌt@Cª èÜ·BV{
  bNNÅ·B±êÍt@CâfBNgðwµ¦·àÌ (|C
  ^) ÅA»êªwµ¦·t@CâfBNgÌãíèÆµÄgpÅ«Ü
  ·B±êÍ Windows ÌV[gJbgÉÄ¢Ü·ËBV{bNN
  ÌáÆµÄA/usr/X11R6/ ðwµ¦· /usr/X11A/dev/ttyS0 © /dev/ttyS1
  ðwµ¦· /dev/modem ª èÜ·B

  V{bNNðìéÉÍ:

       $ ln -s <file_or_dir> <linkname>

  á:

       $ ln -s /usr/doc/g77/DOC g77manual.txt

  ±êÅ /usr/doc/g77/DOC ðQÆ·éãíèÉ g77manual.txt ðQÆÅ«Ü
  ·BfBNgð\¦³¹½êANÍÈºÌæ¤É©¦Ü·B

       $ ls -F
       g77manual.txt@
       $ ls -l
       (several things...)           g77manual.txt -> /usr/doc/g77/DOC

  4.3.  p[~bVÆL 

  DOS Ìt@CÆfBNgÍÌæ¤È®«ð¿Ü·B A (A[JC
  u)AH (Bµt@C)AR (ÇÝêp)A»µÄ S (VXet@C)B H
  Æ R ¾¯ª Linux ãÅÍÓ¡Ì éàÌÆÈèÜ·BBµt@CÍhbg
  ÅnÜèÜ·B R ®«ÉÂ¢ÄÍ±ÌÜÜÇÝißÄ¾³¢B

  UNIX ãÅÍt@CÉÍup[~bVvÆLÒA»µÄLO[v
  ª¶ÝµÜ·BÌáð©Ä¾³¢B

       $ ls -l /bin/ls
       -rwxr-xr-x  1  root  bin  27281 Aug 15 1995 /bin/ls*

  ÅÌtB[hÍ /bin/ls Ìp[~bVðÜÝA /bin/ls Í root É
  L³êAO[v bin É®µÜ·BcèÌîñÍu¢Ä¨¢ÄA-rwxr-
  xr-x ÌÓ¡ðTÁÄÝÜµå¤B¶©çEÖÇñÅ¢«Ü·B

  - Ít@CÌ^CvðÓ¡µÜ·(- = ÊÌt@CA d = fBNg
  Al = NA)B rwx Ít@CLÒÌp[~bVðÓ¡µÜ·
  (read(ÇÝ)Awrite(«)Aexecute(Às));(±±ÅÍ group ÌÓ¡ðà¾
  µÜ¹ñªASÒÈç±ÌÓ¡ðmçÈÄàâÁÄ¢¯éÅµå¤ ;-)
  r-x ÍÙ©Ì[UÉÎ·ép[~bVÅ·(readAexecute)B

  fBNg /bin àp[~bVð¿Ü· (ÚµÍ ``fBNg
  Ìp[~bV'' ðQÆ)B root ÅÈ¢Àè /bin/ls t@CðíÅ
  «È¢ÌÍAp[~bVÅÂ³êÄ¢È¢©çÅ·Bt@CÌp[
  ~bVðÏX·éÉÍÌæ¤ÉR}hðÅ¿Ü·B

       $ chmod <whoXperm> <file>

  who Í u (userAÂÜèLÒ)Ag (group)Ao (other)A X Í + ©
  -Aperm Í r (read)Aw (write)A© x (execute)BêÊIÈ chmod Ìg¢
  ûÍÌæ¤ÉÈèÜ·B

       $ chmod +x file

  ±êÅt@CðÀsÂ\ÉµÜ·B

       $ chmod go-rw file

  LÒÈOÌÇÝ« ÀðDµÜ·B

       $ chmod ugo+rwx file

  SÄÌ[UÉÇÝ«A»µÄÀsÌ Àð^¦Ü·B

       # chmod +s file

  ±êÍusetuidvÆ©AusuidvÆÄÎêét@C (SÄÌ[UªLÒ
  Ì ÀÅt@CðÀsÅ«é) ðìèÜ·Bæ©©¯éÌÍ root É
  setuid µ½t@CÅ·B±êçÍdvÈVXet@CÅ é±Æªæ
   èÜ· ( X T[o)B

  ðg¤±ÆÉæÁÄp[~bVðfÝèÅ«Ü·B rwxr-xr-x
  Í 755 Æ\»³êé±ÆªÅ«Ü· (SÄÌ¶ÍrbgÉÎµÜ·F---
  Í 0A--x Í 1A-w- Í 2 A-wx Í 3 Æ¢¤æ¤É)Bïµ©¦é©àµ
  êÜ¹ñªA¿åÁÆg¢ßÎ·®ðÅ«éÆv¢Ü·B root (X[p
  [[U) ÍSÄÌ[UÌt@C ÀðÏXÅ«Ü·BRMPB

  4.4.  t@C: R}hð|ó·é

  ¶¤Í DOS R}hAE¤ÍÎ·é Linux ÌR}hB

       ATTRIB:         chmod
       COPY:           cp
       DEL:            rm
       MOVE:           mv
       REN:            mv
       TYPE:           more, less, cat

  _CNgLÆpCvL:  < > >> |

  ChJ[h: * ?

  nul:        /dev/null

  prn, lpt1:  /dev/lp0 © /dev/lp1; lpr

  4.4.1.  á

  DOS                                     Linux
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  C:\GUIDO>ATTRIB +R FILE.TXT             $ chmod 400 file.txt
  C:\GUIDO>COPY JOE.TXT JOE.DOC           $ cp joe.txt joe.doc
  C:\GUIDO>COPY *.* TOTAL                 $ cat * > total
  C:\GUIDO>COPY FRACTALS.DOC PRN          $ lpr fractals.doc
  C:\GUIDO>DEL TEMP                       $ rm temp
  C:\GUIDO>DEL *.BAK                      $ rm *~
  C:\GUIDO>MOVE PAPER.TXT TMP\            $ mv paper.txt tmp/
  C:\GUIDO>REN PAPER.TXT PAPER.ASC        $ mv paper.txt paper.asc
  C:\GUIDO>PRINT LETTER.TXT               $ lpr letter.txt
  C:\GUIDO>TYPE LETTER.TXT                $ more letter.txt
  C:\GUIDO>TYPE LETTER.TXT                $ less letter.txt
  C:\GUIDO>TYPE LETTER.TXT > NUL          $ cat letter.txt > /dev/null
          n/a                             $ more *.txt *.asc
          n/a                             $ cat section*.txt | less

  Ó:

  o  * Í Linux ãÅÍÖÉg¦Ü·F* ÍBµt@CðSÄÌt@C
     É}b`µÜ·B.* ÍSÄÌBµt@CÉ}b` (JgfBN
     gu.vÆAefBNgu..vÉà}b`·é±ÆÉÓ!)G*.* Í
     Ô©IíèªhbgÌt@CÉ}b`µA p*r ÍupetervÆ
     upiperv¼ûÉ}b`µÜ·B*c* ÍupickedvÆupeckvÌ¼ûÉ}b
     `µÜ·B

  o  more ðgp·éÆ«A<SPACE> ðµÄt@CðÇÝißAuqvÅI
     ¹µÜ·Bless Í³çÉ¼ÏIÉµ¦AîóL[ðg¤±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

  o  UNDELETE Í¶ÝµÈ¢ÌÅA½ðí·éÜ¦ÉàÇl¦Ä¾³¢B

  o  DOS Åg¦é < > >> ÌÙ©ÉàALinux Í 2> ÅG[bZ[
     W(stderr)ð_CNgÅ«Ü·B³çÉA 2>&1 Í stderr ©ç
     stdout É_CNgµA 1>&2 Í stdout ©ç stderr É_CNg
     µÜ·B

  o   Linux ÉÍÙ©ÉàChJ[hª èÜ·B [] g¢û: [abc]* Í
     aAbAc ÅnÜét@CÉ}b`µÜ·B*[I-N1-3] Í
     IAJAKALAMANA1A2A3 ÅIíét@CÉ}b`µÜ·B

  o   lpr <file> Ít@CðobNOEhÅóüµÜ·BvgÒ¿
     ÌóÔð²×éÉÍ lpqAvgÒ¿ÌóÔ©çt@Cðí·éê
     Í lprm ðg¢Ü·B

  o  DOS Ìæ¤È RENAME Í¶ÝµÜ¹ñBÂÜèAmv *.xxx *.yyy ÍÅ«È
     ¢Æ¢¤±ÆÅ·BREN É½R}hÍÈºÅüèÂ\Å·B
     <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/file>

  o   cp -i â mv -i ðg¦Ît@Cªã«³êéÆ«Éxð\¦Å«
     Ü·B

  4.5.  vOÌN®: }`^XNÆZbV

  vOðN®·éÉÍADOS Å·éæ¤ÉvO¼ð^CvµÜ·B
  àµvOªu©êÄ¢éfBNg (ZNV ``fBNgð
  g¤'') ªpX (ZNV ``VXeú»t@C'') ÉÜÜêÄ¢é
  êÍvOÍN®·éÅµå¤BáOÆµÄA DOS Æá¢ Linux ãÅ
  ÍJgfBNgÉu©ê½vOÍJgfBNgªpX
  ÉÜÜêÄ¢È¢Àè®«Ü¹ñBÎô: prog vOð®©·É
  ÍA./prog Æ^CvµÜ·B
  êÊIÈR}hCÍÈºÌæ¤ÉÈèÜ·:

       $ command [-s1 [-s2] ... [-sn]] [par1 [par2] ... [parn]] [< input] [> output]

  -s1A...A-sn ÍvOÌXCb`ÅApar1A ...Aparn ÍvO
  Ìp[^Å·BR}hCÅ¡ÌR}hðÀs·é±ÆàÅ«Ü
  ·B

       $ command1 ; command2 ; ... ; commandn

  ±êªvOðç¹éSÄÅ·ªAêàiñ¾g¢ûàÈPÉÅ«Ü
  ·B Linux ðg¤åÈRÌÐÆÂÍ Linux ª}`^XNÈ OS ¾©çÅ
  ·B±êÍ¡ÌvO(±ê©çÍvZXÆÄÔ)ðêxÉç¹é±
  ÆªÅ«Ü·BvZXðobNOEhÅN®µÄ»ÌÜÜìÆð±¯é
  ±ÆàÅ«Ü·B³çÉ Linux Í¡ÌZbVð È½É^¦ÄêÜ
  ·B±êÍAÜéÅ½³ñÌRs[^ð¯ÉµÁÄ¢éÝ½¢Å·
  Ë!

  o   ¼zR\[ãÅZbV 1 ` 6 ÉØÖ¦éÉÍ <ALT-F1> `
     <ALT-F6> ÆµÜ·B

  o  »ÝÌ¼zR\[©çé±ÆÈVµ¢ZbVð¯¶¼zR
     \[àÅnßéÉÍAsu - <loginname> Æ^CvµÜ·Bá¦Î su -
     rootB±êÍ root Åµ©ÀsÅ«È¢^XNðÀsµ½¢Æ«ÈÇÉð
     É§¿Ü·B

  o  ZbVðIíéÉÍAexit Æ^CvµÜ·B±êÉæÁÄâ~³ê½
     vZX(ãðQÆ)ª êÎxªÅÜ·B

  o  obNOEhÅvZXðÀs·éÉÍAhu&vðR}hC
     ÌIíèÉt¯«µÜ·B

       $ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output] &
       [1] 123

  VFÍvZXðWuÔÆ(á:  [1]; ºðQl)A PID Ô(Process
  Identification Number; ãLÌáÅÍ 123 )ÅF¯µÜ·B

  o  ¢ÂÌvZXªÀs³êÄ¢éÌ©ð²×éÉÍ ps ax Æ^CvµÜ
     ·B±êÍ»ÝN®µÄ¢évZXÌXgðoÍµÜ·B

  o  vZXð kill ·é (I¹³¹é) ÉÍ kill <PID> Æ^CvµÜ·B
     Ç¤âêÎvZXð³µ¢û@ÅI¹³¹é©ª©çÈ¢êÍvZ
     Xð kill ·é±ÆªKvÉÈé©àµêÜ¹ñB È½ª root ÅÈ¢
     ÀèAÙ©Ì[UÌvZXð kill ·é±ÆÍÅ«Ü¹ñBvZX
     Í kill -SIGKILL <PID> ÉæÁÄÅµ© kill Å«È¢±Æà èÜ·B

     t¯Á¦éÆAVFÍvZXð~ß½èAêIÉTXyhµ½
     èAvZXðobNOEhÉÁ½èAobNOEh©çOÊ
     ÉÁÄ½èÅ«Ü·B±ÌÂ«ÅÍvZXÍuWu(job)vÆÄÎ
     êÜ·B

  o  ¢ÂÌWuªÀs³êÄ¢é©ð²×éÉÍ jobs Æ^CvµÜ·B
     ±±ÅÍWuÍ PID ÔÅÍÈWuÔÉæÁÄF¯³êÜ·B

  o  ÅOÊÅÀs³êÄ¢évZXð~ßéÉÍ <CTRL-C> ðµÜ· (¢
     Âà¤ÜsÆÍÀèÜ¹ñ)B

  o  ÅOÊÅÀs³êÄ¢évZXðTXyh·éÉÍ <CTRL-Z> ðµ
     Ü·(¯ã)B

  o  TXyh³êÄ¢½vZXðobNOEhÉÄÑß·ÉÍ bg
     <%job Æ^CvµÜ·(±êÍWuÉÈé)B

  o  WuðÅOÊÉÁÄéÉÍ fg <%job Æ^CvµÜ·BÅãÉob
     NOEhÉçê½WuðÅOÊÉÁÄéÉÍPÉ fg Æ^
     CvµÜ·B

  o  Wuð kill ·éÉÍAkill <%job Æ^CvµÜ·B <%job ÌÍ
     1A2A3 .. Ìæ¤ÉÈèÜ·B

  ±êçÌR}hðg¤±ÆÉæÁÄfBXNðtH[}bgµ½èA½³
  ñÌt@Cð zip Å³kµ½èAvOðRpCµ½èAA[J
  Cuð unzip µ½èµÂÂA¯¶Æ«Évvgð©RÉg¦Ü·B¯¶
  ±Æð Windows ãÅâÁÄÝÄÇê¾¯ptH[}XÉá¢ª é©µ
  ÄÝÄ¾³¢(à¿ëñNbVµÈ©Á½çÌbÅ·ª)B

  4.6.  [gRs[^ãÅvOðÀs·é

  remote.machine.edu Æ¢¤¼OÌ[g}VãÅvOðÀs·é
  ÉÍ:

       $ telnet remote.machine.edu

  OCÌãÍD«ÈvOðÀsÅ«Ü·BRÅ·ªA È½Í
  [g}VãÉàAJEgðÁÄ¢éKvª èÜ·B

  àµà X11 ðÁÄ¢éÈç[gRs[^ãÅ X AvP[V
  ðÀsµÄA»êð©ªÌ X æÊãÉ\¦·é±ÆàÅ«Ü
  ·Bremote.machine.edu ª[g X Rs[^Å local.linux.box ª
   È½Ì Linux }V¾Æzè·éÆ local.linux.box ©ç
  remote.machine.edu É é X vOðÀs·éÉÍÈºÌæ¤ÉµÜ
  ·:

  o  X11 ð§¿ã° xterm ©¯Ì^[~iG~[^ðN®µAÈºÌ
     æ¤É^CvµÜ·:

       $ xhost +remote.machine.edu
       $ telnet remote.machine.edu

  o   OCªIíÁ½çÌæ¤É^CvµÜ·:

       remote:$ DISPLAY=local.linux.box:0.0
       remote:$ progname &

  (DISPLAY... Æ^Cv·éãíèÉAsetenv DISPLAY local.linux.box:0.0
  Æ^Cv·éKvª é©àµêÜ¹ñB±êÍ[gRs[^ÌVF
  æ)

  ·éÆÇ¤Åµå¤! progname ª remote.machine.edu ÅN®³êA È½
  Ì}VãÉ\¦³êÜ·Bµ©µxÄg¢¨ÉÈçÈ¢ÌÅ±êðf
  ÔÅÍsíÈ¢¾³¢B³çÉA±êÍëÈÁ©µGÈû@Å·B
  uRemote X Apps mini-HOWTOv
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Remote-X-Apps.html> (ú{êó:
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Remote-X-Apps.html>) ðÇñÅÝÄ
  ¾³¢B

  5.  fBNgðg¤

  5.1.  fBNg: \õm¯

  ±êÜÅ DOSWin Æ Linux ãÅÌt@CÌá¢ÉÂ¢Ä©Ä«Üµ½B
  fBNgÅÍ DOSWin ãÅÍ[gfBNgÍ \ Å·ªA Linux ã
  ÅÍ / ÆÈèÜ·B¯lÉAlXg³ê½fBNgÍ DOSWin ãÅÍ \
  ÅALinux ãÅÍ / Åª¯çêÜ·Bt@CpXÌá:

       DOS:    C:\PAPERS\GEOLOGY\MID_EOC.TEX
       Linux:  /home/guido/papers/geology/middle_eocene.tex

  ¢ÂàÌæ¤ÉA.. ÍefBNgA. ÍJgfBNgð¦µÜ
  ·Bo¦Ä¨¢Ä~µ¢ÌÍAVXeÍ È½É cd â rd ðÇ±ÅàÀs
  ³¹Äêéí¯ÅÍÈ¢Æ¢¤±ÆÅ·B»ê¼êÌ[UÍVXeÇ
  Ò©çàç¤uhomevÆÄÎêéfBNgàÉ»ê¼êÌt@CðÛ
  µÜ·Bá¦ÎÌRs[^ÌÌz[fBNgÍ /home/guido
  Å·B

  5.2.  fBNgÌp[~bV

  fBNgàp[~bVðÁÄ¢Ü·B``p[~bVÆL ''
  ZNVÅo¦½±ÆÍfBNgÉàÊpµÜ·( userAgroupAÆ
  other)BfBNgÌê rx Æ¢¤ÌÍ È½ª»ÌfBNgÉ cd
  Å«éÆ¢¤±ÆÅ·B»µÄ w ÌÓ¡ÍfBNgàÉ ét@Câ
  fBNg©ÌðíÅ«éÆ¢¤±ÆÅ· (à¿ëñt@CÌp[~b
  VÉ]ÁÄÅ·ª)B

  á¦ÎAÙ©Ì[Uª /home/guido/text àÅ¤ëÂÌðh®ÉÍ:

       $ chmod o-rwx /home/guido/text

  5.3.  fBNgÉÖµÄ : DOS Æ Linux ÅÌR}hÌÎ

       DIR:            ls, find, du
       CD:             cd, pwd
       MD:             mkdir
       RD:             rmdir
       DELTREE:        rm -rf
       MOVE:           mv

  5.3.1.  á

       DOS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------

       C:\GUIDO>DIR                            $ ls
       C:\GUIDO>DIR FILE.TXT                   $ ls file.txt
       C:\GUIDO>DIR *.H *.C                    $ ls *.h *.c
       C:\GUIDO>DIR/P                          $ ls | more
       C:\GUIDO>DIR/A                          $ ls -l
       C:\GUIDO>DIR *.TMP /S                   $ find / -name "*.tmp"
       C:\GUIDO>CD                             $ pwd
               N/A - uÓvðQÆ            $ cd
               ¯ã                            $ cd ~
               ¯ã                            $ cd ~/temp
       C:\GUIDO>CD \OTHER                      $ cd /other
       C:\GUIDO>CD ..\TEMP\TRASH               $ cd ../temp/trash
       C:\GUIDO>MD NEWPROGS                    $ mkdir newprogs
       C:\GUIDO>MOVE PROG ..                   $ mv prog ..
       C:\GUIDO>MD \PROGS\TURBO                $ mkdir /progs/turbo
       C:\GUIDO>DELTREE TEMP\TRASH             $ rm -rf temp/trash
       C:\GUIDO>RD NEWPROGS                    $ rmdir newprogs
       C:\GUIDO>RD \PROGS\TURBO                $ rmdir /progs/turbo

  Ó:

  o   rmdir ðg¤Æ«Íí³êéfBNgÍóÁÛÅÈÄÍ¢¯Ü¹
     ñBfBNgÆ»êÈºÌSÄÌt@Cðí·éÉÍ rm -rf ð
     gÁÄ¾³¢ (·éÆ«Í©ªÌÓCÅ)B

  o  u~vÍ È½Ìz[fBNg¼ÌV[gJbgÅ·B cd © cd
     ~ ·é±ÆÅAÇ±É¢Äà©ªÌz[fBNgÉÚ®Å«Ü
     ·Bcd ~/tmp Æ^Cv·êÎ /home/your_home/tmp ÉÚ®µÜ·B

  o   cd - ÍÅãÌ cd R}h ð uâèÈ¨µÜ·vB

  6.  tbs[An[hfBXN

  foCXð Linux ãÅÇ·éû@ÍñíÞ èÜ·: DOS X^CÆ UNIX
  X^CBD«ÈûðIñÅ¾³¢B

  6.1.  DOS X^CÅfoCXðÇ·é

  ÙÆñÇÌ Linux fBXgr[VÍ Mtools ðÜÝÜ·B±êÍA
  «Í DOS ÌàÌÆÜÁ½¯¶R}hQÅ·ªAR}h¼ÌªÉ m ª
  Â¢Ä¢Ü·Bá¦Î mformatAmdirA mdelAmmd Æ¢Á½æ¤ÉÅ·B±
  êçÍOt@C¼ðÛ·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·ªAt@CÌp[~b
  VÌÛÍÅ«Ü¹ñB Mtools ÌÝèt@C /etc/mtools.conf (T
  vÍfBXgr[V©çñ³êÄ¢Ü·) ðÒW·êÎA
  DOS/Win p[eBVACD-ROMAZIP hCuÉANZXÅ«éæ¤ÉÈè
  Ü·Bµ©µAVµ¢fBXNðtH[}bg·éÉÍ mformat ÅÍÈ
  root  ÀÅ fdformat /dev/fd0H1440 ðÀsµÈÄÍ¢¯Ü¹ñB

  less a:file.txt Ìæ¤Étbs[ÉANZX·é±ÆÍÅ«Ü¹ñ! ±ê
  Í DOS X^CÅfBXNÉANZX·ésÖ³Æà¾¦Ü·B

  6.2.  UNIX X^CÅfoCXðÇ·é

  UNIX ÍÙÈÁ½û@ÅfoCXðµ¢Ü·B±êÉÍ A: â C: hCuÌ
  æ¤ÈÊXÉª©ê½{[Í¶ÝµÜ¹ñBtbs[¾ë¤ª½¾ë
  ¤ªAfBXNÍu}Egv·é±ÆÉæÁÄ[JVXeÌêÉÈ
  èÜ·BfBXNðgpµIíÁ½Æ«ÍfBXNðæèo·Ü¦ÉuA}
  Egvð·éKvª èÜ·B

  ¨IÉfBXNðtH[}bg·éÌÆAt@CVXeð»ÌãÉì¬
  ·éÌÍÊÌ±ÆÅ·BDOS ÌR}h FORMAT A: Í¼ûðs¢Ü·
  ªALinux ãÅÍÊXÌR}hÅs¢Ü·Btbs[ðtH[}bg·é
  ÉÍãðQÆµÄ¾³¢Bt@CVXeðì¬·éÉÍ:

       # mkfs -t ext2 -c /dev/fd0H1440

  dosAvfat (§) âA»ÌÙ©ÌtH[}bgð ext2 ÌãíèÉg¤±Æ
  àÅ«Ü·BfBXNªõ³ê½çÌR}hÅ}EgµÜ·B

       # mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt

  ext2 ðgíÈ¢êÍ³µ¢t@CVXeðwèµÄ¾³¢B±ê
  ÅAA: â B: ÌãíèÉ /mnt ðgÁÄtbs[àÌt@CðQÆÅ«
  Ü·Bá:

       DOS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------

       C:\GUIDO>DIR A:                         $ ls /mnt
       C:\GUIDO>COPY A:*.*                     $ cp /mnt/* .
       C:\GUIDO>COPY *.ZIP A:                  $ cp *.zip /mnt
       C:\GUIDO>EDIT A:FILE.TXT                $ jstar /mnt/file.txt
       C:\GUIDO>A:                             $ cd /mnt
       A:> _                                   /mnt/$ _

  g¢IíÁ½çfBXNðø«²Ü¦ÉâÎÉÌR}hÅA}Eg
  ðµÄ¾³¢B

       # umount /mnt

  RÅ·ªAfdformat Æ mkfs ðµÈÄÍ¢¯È¢ÌÍtH[}bg³ê
  Ä¢È¢fBXNÉÎµÄ¾¯ÅAÈOgíê½±ÆÌ éfBXNÉÅÍ 
  èÜ¹ñBàµ B: hCuðg¢½¢êÍãÌáÌ fd0H1440 Æ fd0
  ðA fd1H1440 Æ fd1 Éüê·¦Ä¾³¢B

  ¢¤Kvà èÜ¹ñªAtbs[ÉÊp·é±ÆÍÙ©ÌfoCXÉà 
  ÄÍÜèÜ·Bá¦ÎAÙ©Ìn[hfBXNâ CD-ROM hCuð}Eg
  µ½¢Æ«ÍAºÌû@Å CD-ROM ð}EgÅ«Ü·B

       # mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt

  ±êÍu³®vÈ}EgÌdûÅ·ªAÆÁÄ¨«Ì Zª èÜ·Bt
  bs[â CD-ROM ð}Eg·é½ßÉí´í´ root ÉÈéÌàÊ|ÈÌ
  ÅAÈºÌû@ÅSÄÌ[Uª}EgÅ«éæ¤ÉÈèÜ·:

  o   root ÉÈÁÄÈºðs¢Ü·:

       # mkdir /mnt/floppy ; mkdir /mnt/cdrom
       # chmod 777 /mnt/floppy /mnt/cd*
       # # ³µ¢ CD-ROM foCX©mF
       # chmod 666 /dev/hdb ; chmod 666 /dev/fd*

  o   /etc/fstab ÉÌsðt¯«µÜ·:

       /dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom  iso9660 ro,user,noauto          0       0
       /dev/fd0        /mnt/floppy vfat    user,noauto             0       0

  »µÄ DOS tbs[â CD-ROM ð}Eg·éÉÍ:

       $ mount /mnt/floppy
       $ mount /mnt/cdrom

  /mnt/floppy Æ /mnt/cdrom Í±êÅSÄÌ[U©çANZXÅ«Ü·B±
  Ìû@ÅSÄÌ[U©çÌ}EgðÂ\É³¹é±ÆÍAdåÈZL
  eBz[ÉàÂÈªé±Æðo¦Ä¨¢Ä¾³¢( È½ªCÉ·êÎÌ
  bÅ·ª)B

  ñÂÌðÉ§ÂR}hÍA}Eg³ê½t@CVXeÌîñð\¦·
  é df ÆAfBNgÉæÁÄgíêÄ¢éfBXNeÊðñ·é du
  dirname Å·B

  6.3.  obNAbv

  ¢Â©ÌðÉ§ÂpbP[Wª èÜ·ªA}`{[obNAbv
  ÅÅáÀÅ«é±ÆÆµÄ ( root  À):

       # tar -M -cvf /dev/fd0H1440 dir_to_backup/

  tH[}bg³ê½tbs[ªhCuÉüÁÄ¢ÄA}ü³êÄ¢éàÌ
  ÈOÉà½©pÓ³êÄ¢é±ÆðmFµÄ¾³¢Btbs[àÌt@
  Cð³Éß·ÉÍAÅÌtbs[ðhCuÉüêÄÌR}hðÀ
  sµÄ¾³¢B

       # tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0H1440

  7.  Windows Í?

  Windows Éu·éàÌvÆµÄAOtBbNVXe X Window System
  ª èÜ·BWindows â Mac Æá¢AX11 Íg¢â··é½ßâA©½Ú
  ðÇ·é½ßÉÝv³ê½ÌÅÍÈAUNIX [NXe[VÉO
  tBbNÝõðñ·é½ßÉÝv³êÜµ½BÈºÍåvÈá¢Å·B

  o  Windows Ì©½ÚÆ®ìÍ¢EÇ±Åà¯¶Å·ªAX11 Íá¢Ü·B
     fRÉÝèxª©RÅAX11 ÌSÌIÈ©½ÚÍuWindow ManagervÆÄ
     Îêévf©ç¬è§¿Ü·B±êçÉÍÌæ¤ÈíÞª èÜ·:
     fvwm Íî{IÅ·ª«È¢µßñÉàÈèÜ·Bfvwm2-95A
     AfterstepAWindowMakerAEnlightenmentAÆ»ÌÙ©½B Window
     Manager ÍÊ .xinitrc ©çÄÑo³êÜ·B

  o   Window Manager ÌÝèæÅÍAÂXÌEChEðÀÍ Ì Windows
     Ìæ¤ÉìÅ«ÄµÜ¢Ü· (NbN·éÆOÊÉÅÄé)BÙ©Ì
     Â\«ÆµÄÍA}EXª»êÌãÉ½Æ«É (tH[JX) OÊÉÅ
     Ä«Ü·BEChEªæÊãÉu©êéÊuÍ©®©C^NeBu
     ©ÌÇÁ¿©ÉÈèÜ·BàµÈt[ªvOÌãíèÉ»ê
     ½çAEChEð\¦µ½¢ÊuÅ¶NbNðµÄ¾³¢B

  o  ÙÆñÇÌ@\ÍÐÆÂ©»êÈãÌÝèt@CðÒW·é±ÆÉæÁ
     ÄJX^}CYªÅ«Ü·BWindow Manager ÌhLgðÇÝÜµå
     ¤: Ýèt@CÍ .fvwmrcA.fvwm2rc95A.steprc BTvÌÝè
     t@CÍÊ /etc/X11/window-manager-name/system.window-manager-
     name Å©t©èÜ·B

  o  X11 AvP[VÍÁÊÈCuðgÁÄ©êÄ¢Ü·(uEB
     WFbgZbgv)B±êÉÍ¢Â©íÞª èÜ·ÌÅAAvP[
     VÍ©½ÚªáÁÄ©¦Ü·BÅàî{IÈÌÍ Athena EBWFb
     gðgÁ½AvP[VÅ· (2-D Ì©½ÚGxdviAxmanA xcalc
     )BMotif ðg¤àÌà èÜ· (netscape)BÙ©ÉÍ
     Tcl/TkAXFormsAQtAGtkAB±êçÙÆñÇÌCuÍ Windows
     ÆÙÚ¯¶©½ÚÆ®ìðñµÜ·B

  o  ®ìÍ ¢Éê³êÄ¢Ü¹ñBá¦ÎAêsÌeLXgð}EXÅ
     IðµÄA<BACKSPACE> ð¹Î»ÌsªÁ¦éÆv¢Ü·æË? ÅàA
     ±êÍ Athena x[XÌAvP[VÅÍÊpµÜ¹ñB»êÈOÅ
     ÌEBWFbgZbgÅÍÊpµÜ·ªB

  o  XN[o[âTCYÏXªÇÌæ¤Éìp·é©Í Window Manager
     ÆEBWFbgZbgæÅ·Bqg: àµàXN[o[ª È½
     ÌvÁ½ÊèÉ®¢ÄêÈ©Á½ç^ñÌ{^©AÜ½ÍñÂÌ{
     ^ðêÉµÄ±êçð®©µÄÝÜµå¤B

  o  AvP[VÍftHgÅÍACRð¿Ü¹ñªA½³ñ
     Â±ÆàÅ«Ü·BÙÆñÇÌ Window Manager ÍfXNgbv (u[
     gEChEv) ðNbN·é±ÆÅj[ªÅÜ·B¾¤ÜÅàÈ
     A±Ìj[àD«Èæ¤ÉÝèÅ«Ü·B[gEChEÌ©½
     ÚðÏX·éÉÍ xsetroot ©xloadimage ðg¢Ü·B

  o  Nbv{[hÍeLXgÌÝÛÅ«AïÈ®«ðµÜ·B [ó:
     ¶{^ðhbOµÄ] eLXgðIðµ½çA»Ì_ÅeLXgÍ
     Nbv{[hÉRs[³êÄ¢Ü·BD«ÈêÉÚ®µÄ©çÌ
     {^ðµÄ\èÂ¯µÜ·Bxclipboard Æ¢¤AvP[Vðg
     ¦Î¡ÌeLXgªNbv{[hÉÛ¶Å«Ü·B

  o  hbOAhhbvÍT|[g³êÄ¢éAvP[VAÜ½Í
     Window Manager ãÅgpÂ\Å·B

     ÌßñÌ½ßA¯¶Cuðg¤AvP[V¾¯ðg¤
     ×«Å·ªA±êÍÀÛÉÍïµ¢Åµå¤B

  X11 Ì©½ÚÆ®ìð Windows Æ¯¶ç¢ê³¹é±ÆðÚIÆµÄ¢
  évWFNgª èÜ·B GNOME  <http://www.gnome.org> (ú{ GNOME
  [Uï <http://www.gnome.gr.jp>) â KDE  <http://www.kde.org> (ú{
  KDE [Uï <http://www.kde.gr.jp>) Íf°çµ¢Å·BµÄÝÄ¾
  ³¢Bà¤ Windows ªÈÄàæÈéÅµå¤B

  8.  VXeð©ªDÝÉd§Äé

  8.1.  VXeú»t@C

  DOS ãÅÌñÂÌdvÈt@CÍ AUTOEXEC.BAT Æ CONFIG.SYS Å·Bu[
  gÉVXeðú»µ½èAPATH â FILES ÌÂ«ÏðÝèµ½èA
  vOâob`t@CðN®·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B Linux ãÅÍ½
  ³ñÌú»t@Cª èÜ·B»ÌÌ¢Â©Í©ªª½ðâÁÄ¢é
  Ì©®SÉª©éæ¤ÉÈéÜÅÍ¢¶çÈ¢Ù¤ªæ¢àÌà èÜ·B
  Æè ¦¸AÇêªêÔdv©ÐîµÜ·B

       t@C                                Ó

       /etc/inittab                            ¡ÌÆ±ëÍ³íçÈ¢!
       /etc/rc.d/*                             ¯ã

  àµ È½ª PATH â»ÌÙ©ÌÂ«ÏÌÝèAOCbZ[WÌÏX
  âAOCãÉ©®ÅvOðN®µ½¢¾¯ÈçAÌt@CðQ
  ÆµÄ¾³¢B

       t@C                                Ó

       /etc/issue                              OCÜ¦ÌbZ[WÝè
       /etc/motd                               OCãÌbZ[WÝè
       /etc/profile                            $PATH â»ÌÙ©ÌÂ«ÏÝèA»ÌÙ©
       /etc/bashrc                             GCAXâÖÌÝèA»ÌÙ©
       /home/your_home/.bashrc                  È½ÌGCAXâÖÌÝè
       /home/your_home/.bash_profile   Ü½Í
       /home/your_home/.profile                Â«ÝèA È½ÌvON®

  ÅãÉ°½Ç¿ç©Ìt@C(±êÍBµt@CÈÌÅÓ)ª¶Ý·é
  êA±êçÍOCãÉÇÝÜêAt@CàÉ©ê½R}hªÀ
  s³êÜ·B

  á --- ±êðQÆ .bash_profile:

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # ±êÍRg
  echo Environment:
  printenv | less   # DOS ãÌ SET R}hÉ
  alias d='ls -l'   # GCAXÆÍ½©ÈPÉðÅ«é
  alias up='cd ..'
  echo " È½ÌpXÍ "$PATH
  echo "¡úÍ `date`"  # R}h 'date' ÌoÍðgp
  echo "æ¢êúðA"$LOGNAME
  # ±êÍ "VFÖ" Å·
  ctgz() #  .tar.gz A[JCuÌàeðXg
  {
    for file in $*
    do
      gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
    done
  }
  # end of .profile
  ______________________________________________________________________

  $PATH Æ $LOGNAME Í¨@µÌÊèÂ«ÏÅ·BÙ©Éà½³ñÌàÌª
   èÜ·Bá¦Î less â bash Ìæ¤ÈAvP[Vð RMP µÄ¾
  ³¢B

  ÈºÌsð /etc/profile ÉÇÁ·é±ÆÅ PROMPT $P$GÉ·évv
  gðñµÜ·B

       export PS1="\w\\$ "

  8.2.  vOú»t@C

  Linux ãÅÍÙÆñÇSÄð È½ÌDÝÉd§Äé±ÆªÅ«Ü·BÙÆñ
  ÇÌvOÍÐÆÂÈãÌ È½ªD«ÉÅ«éú»t@CªÊÍ
  .prognamerc Æ¢¤æ¤È¼OÅ È½Ìz[fBNgÉu©êÄ¢Ü
  ·BÅÉÒW·é×«ÈÌÍ:

  o
      .inputrc: bash ÉæÁÄL[oCfBOðè`·é

  o
      .xinitrc: startx ÉæÁÄ X Window System ðú»·é

  o
      .fvwmrc: EChE}l[W fvwm ÉæÁÄgp³êé

  o
      .joerc, .jstarrc: GfB^ joe ÉæÁÄgp³êé

  o
      .jedrc: GfB^ jed ÉæÁÄgp³êé

  o   .pinerc: [[_ pine ÉæÁÄgp³êé

  o
      .Xdefault: ½³ñÌ X vOÉæÁÄgp³êé

  ÈãÌet@CÌÙ©A È½ª¢¸êµ¤±ÆÉÈét@CÉÂ¢Ä
  ÍARMP µÄ¾³¢B

  Configuration HOWTO ðÇñÅÝÄàæ¢©àµêÜ¹ñ
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Config-HOWTO.html> (ú{êó:
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Config-HOWTO.html>B

  9.  lbg[LO: RZvg

  Linux ãÅÍu_CAAbvlbg[NvÍgpÂ\È¾¯ÅÍÈA³
  çÉÀèµÄ¢Ä¬¢àÌÉÈÁÄ¢Ü·BuPPPv(fðgÁÄC^[
  lbgÚ±ðs¤vgR) ª»êÉ ½èÜ·BJ[lª PPP ðT|
  [gµÄ¢é±ÆÆAdbð©¯ÄÚ±ð·éc[ªKvÅ·B

  voC_ÌT[o©ç È½Ì[ðæÁÄéÉÍAPOP vgRð
  gp·éuemail fetchervÆÄÎêéc[ªKvÅ·B[ªæèÜ
  ê½Æ«ÉÍA ½©à È½Ì Linux box É¼Ú[ªÍ¯çê½æ¤
  É©¦Ü·B»ê©ç pine â muttAelm ½Ì MUA(Mail User Agent)
  ðgpµÄ[ðÇµÜ·B

  Windows ÅÍ_CAªC^[lbgAvP[VðN®µ½Æ«É©
  ®IÉN®µÜ·ªALinux ÅÍ»ÌtÉÈèÜ·BÅÉ_CAµÄA»
  ê©çAvP[VðN®µÜ·Bdiald ÆÄÎêéàÌªÊ±Ì®ì
  ðñµÜ·B_CAAbvlbg[NÌCXg[ÆÝèð·é±Æ
  Í Linux ÅB¬·éÌªàÁÆàïµ¢Æ¾íêÄ¢Üµ½ªA¡Íà¤á
  ¢Ü·BConfiguration HOWTO ðQÆµÄÝÄ¾³¢B

  ÅãÉ ulbg[NRs[^vÉÂ¢ÄB È½Ì Linux [NXe
  [V ð Windows ÅgÜê½[Jlbg[NãÅ Windows NT/9x
  Ìæ¤É©¹©¯é±ÆªÅ«Ü·! ±Ì@Ì¢¾tÍ Samba Å·B±
  êÍuWÌ_XÅÍÈALinux Ì½ßÌ SMB vgRðÀs·é
  àÌÅ·B <http://samba.anu.edu.au/samba> (ú{ Samba [Uï If all
  you need is setting the PATH and other:  <http://www.samba.gr.jp>) É
  sÁÄÝÜµå¤B

  10.  ¿åÁÆ¾¯vO~O

  10.1.  VFXNvg: ob`t@CÌ»Å

  DOS ðpµÄ¢½Æ«·¢R}hCÌV[gJbgðìé½ßÉ
  ob`t@CðgpµÄ¢½Èç (àæµÜµ½)A¯¶ÚIÍKØÈ
  GCAXðprofile â .bash_profile ÉLq·é±ÆÅB¬Å«Ü· (ã
  ÌáðQÆ)B ÅàAàÁÆ¡GÈob`t@CðgÁÄ¢½ÈçVFÉ
  æéXNvg¾êð«ÁÆ È½ÍD«ÉÈéÍ¸Å·B±êÍÃ«Ç«
  QBasic Æ¯¶©A»êÈãÉptÅ·B±êÍÏâ whileAforA
  caseAif... then... else  Ìæ¤È\¢ð¿A»ÌÙ©Éà½³ñÌÁ
  ¥ª èÜ·B±êÍu{¨vÌvO~O¾êÌãíèÉÈèÜ·B

  XNvg (DOS ãÌ .BAT É) ðÉÍA½ßðÜñ¾WÌ ASCII
  t@CðLqµAZ[uµÜ·B»Ìã chmod +x <scriptfile> R}h
  ÅÀsÂ\É·êÎæ¢¾¯Å·BXNvgðÀs·éÉÍt@C¼ð^
  CvµÄ¾³¢B

  Ó! vi ÆÄÎêéVXeGfB^ª èÜ·ªA±êÍÌo±©ç
  ¾ÁÄSÒÌûÉÍg¤ÌªÆÄàïµ¢Æ´¶éÆv¢Ü·B±±ÅÍg
  ¢ûÈÇÍà¾µÜ¹ñªAMatt Welsh Ì{âlbgÅ`[gAðT
  µÄ»êçðQlÉµÄ¾³¢B±±ÅÍÈºÌà¾ÉÆÇßÄ¨«Ü·B

  o  eLXgð}ü·éÉÍ i Æ^CvµÄ©ç

  o  ¶ðí·éÉÍ <ESC> ÌãÉ x Æ^Cv

  o  Z[uµÈ¢ÅI¹·éÉÍ <ESC> ÌãÉ :q! Æ^Cv

  o  Z[uµÄ©çI¹·éÉÍ <ESC> ÌãÉ :wq Æ^Cv

  SÒü¯Ìæ¢GfB^É joe ª èÜ·Bjstar Æ^Cv·é±ÆÅN
  ®Å«A±êÍ DOSWin ÌGfB^Æ¯¶L[oCfBOð¿Ü
  ·Bjed Ì WordStar â IDE [hÍ³çÉæ¢Å·B ``Ç±ÅAvP[
  Vð©t¯é©'' ÌZNVÅAÇ±©ç±êçÌGfB^ð_E
  [hÅ«é©©t¯Ä¾³¢B

  bash ãÅÌXNvgLqÍÆÄàÌL¢TuWFNgÅ èA»ê¾¯
  Å{ª¯ÄµÜ¦Ü·ÌÅA±êÈãÍ[üèµÜ¹ñB±±ÅÍPÉî
  {ÆÈé[ðo¦Äàç¤½ßÉVFXNvgÌáð°é±ÆÉµ
  Ü·:

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  # sample.sh
  # ±êÍRg
  # êsÚðÒWµÈ¢æ¤ÉB»êÍ»±É éKvª èÜ·B
  echo "±ÌVXeÍ:" `uname -a` # R}hÌoÍðg¤
  echo "Ì¼OÍ $0" # gÝÌÏ
  echo " È½ÍÌ" $# "p[^ð^¦Üµ½: "$*
  echo "ÅÌp[^Í: "$1
  echo -n " È½Ì¼OÍ? " ; read your_name
  echo á¢ÉCÃ«Ü·©: "hi $your_name" # " Åøp
  echo á¢ÉCÃ«Ü·©: 'hi $your_name' # ' Åøp
  DIRS=0 ; FILES=0
  for file in `ls .` ; do
    if [ -d ${file} ] ; then # t@CªfBNgÈç
      DIRS=`expr $DIRS + 1`  # DIRS = DIRS + 1
    elif [ -f ${file} ] ; then
      FILES=`expr $FILES + 1`
    fi
    case ${file} in
      *.gif|*jpg) echo "${file}: æt@C" ;;
      *.txt|*.tex) echo "${file}: eLXgt@C" ;;
      *.c|*.f|*.for) echo "${file}: \[Xt@C" ;;
      *) echo "${file}: êÊIÈt@C" ;;
    esac
  done
  echo " ${DIRS} ÂÌfBNgÆ ${FILES} ÂÌt@Cª©t©èÜµ½"
  ls | grep "ZxY--!!!WKW"
  if [ $? != 0 ] ; then # R[hÌÅãÌR}h©ç exit ·é
    echo "ZxY--!!!WKW not found"
  fi
  echo "±êÅ\ª©ÈBB³çÈéîñÍ 'man bash'"
  ______________________________________________________________________

  10.2.  C ¾êð È½É

  DÞDÜ´éÆðâí¸AUNIX ãÅÌVXe¾êÍ C Å·BÙ©Éà½
  ³ñÌ¾ê (JavaAFORTRANAPascalALispABasicAPerlAawk...) ªgpÂ
  \Å·B

   È½ª C ðmÁÄ¢éàÌÆµÄA±êçÍ¡ÜÅ Turbo C++ â»êç
  DOS pÌRpCðgÁÄ«½lÖÌKChCÅ·BLinux Ì C R
  pCÍ gcc ÆÄÎêA±êÍxâJÈÇÌ DOS ÌàÌÅÊít®³êÄ
  ¢é@\ð«Ü·BIDEAICwvA³ê½fobKÈÇà 
  èÜ¹ñBPÈR}hCÌRpCÅ·ªÆÄàÍÅL\Å·B
  WÌ hello.c ðRpC·éÉÍ:

       $ gcc hello.c

  ±êÅÀst@C a.out ðì¬µÜ·BÀst@CÉá¤¼Oð^¦é
  ÉÍ

       $ gcc -o hola hello.c

  CuðvOÉN·éÉÍA-l<libname> Ìæ¤ÈXCb`ð
  ÇÁµÜ·Bá¦ÎwCuðN·éÉÍ

       $ gcc -o mathprog mathprog.c -lm

  (-l<libname> XCb`Í gcc ÉCu /usr/lib/lib<libname>.so ð
  N³¹Ü·BÂÜè -lm Í /usr/lib/libm.so ðNµÜ·)

  ±±ÜÅÍ¢¢´¶Å·ËBÅàvOª¡Ì\[Xt@CÉæÁÄ
  Å«Ä¢éêÍAmake Æ¢¤[eBeBðg¤Kvª èÜ·B¼É
   È½ª®Ì\¶ðÍð·évOð¢½ÆµÜ·B±êÌ\[Xt@
  CÉÍ parser.c Æ #include ³êéñÂÌwb_t@CAparser.h Æ
  xy.h ª èÜ·B parser.c É é[`ð parser.h ð #include ·é
  calc.c Åg¢½¢ÆµÜ·BÈñÄß¿á¿áÈ! Ç¤âÁ½ç calc.c
  ðRpCÅ«éÌÅµå¤?

  »±ÅARpCÉ\[XÆIuWFNgt@CÔÌË¶óµð³¦é
  Makefile ÆÄÎêéàÌð©È¯êÎÈèÜ¹ñB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # ±êÍ calc.c ðRpC·é½ßÌ Makefile
  # ¦³ê½Æ±ëÅ <TAB> L[ð·æ¤É

  calc: calc.o parser.o
  <TAB>gcc -o calc calc.o parser.o -lm
  # calc ÍñÂÌIuWFNgt@CÉË¶µÜ·: calc.o Æ parser.o

  calc.o: calc.c parser.h
  <TAB>gcc -c calc.c
  # calc.o ÍñÂÌ\[Xt@CÉË¶µÜ·

  parser.o:  parser.c parser.h xy.h
  <TAB>gcc -c parser.c
  # parser.o ÍOÂÌ\[Xt@CÉË¶µÜ·

  # Makefile I¹
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ±Ìt@Cð Makefile Æ¢¤¼OÅÛ¶µAvOðRpC·é
  ½ßÉ make Æ^CvµÜµå¤B»ÌÙ©ÌèiÆµÄA calc.mak Æ¢¤
  ¼OÅÛ¶µAmake -f calc.mak Æ^Cv·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B»µÄ±ê
  Íà¿ëñ RMP µÄÝÄ¾³¢B man ÉÚÁÄ¢é C ÖÉÂ¢ÄÌî
  ñðgp·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·Bá¦ÎZNV 3 ¾Á½çÈºÌæ¤Éµ
  Ü·B

       $ man 3 printf

  vOðfobO·éÉÍ gdb ðg¢Üµå¤Bg¢ûÍ info gdb Å
  wÑÜµå¤B

  Linux ÅÍ½³ñÌCuªgpÂ\Å·B±ÌÅà ncurses (eL
  XgøÊ)A»µÄ svgalib (R\[OtBbNX) ðÅÉgÁÄÝ
  ½ÈéÅµå¤Bàµ È½ÉECª êÎ X11 vO~OÉ§íµ
  ÄÝéÌà«È¢©àµêÜ¹ñ (»ñÈÉÍïµ èÜ¹ñ)B X11 v
  OLqðÈPÉ·é¡ÌCuª èÜ·B
  <http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapp6.html> ð©ÄÝÄ¾³¢BÅà
  Gtk ª Linux WÉÈÁÄÄ¢é±ÆðYê¸ÉB

  ½³ñÌGfB^Í IDE ÆÈé±ÆàÅ«Ü·Bá¦Î emacs Æ jed É
  Í¶Í\¬nCCgA©®CfgAÆ¢Á½½³ñÌ@\ª èÜ
  ·BÙ©Ìû@ÆµÄA
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/devel/debuggers/>.  ©ç rhide pb
  P[WðüèµÄÝéÌà¢¢©àµêÜ¹ñB±êÍ Borland IDE ÌN
  [ÅA È½àCÉüéÆv¢Ü·B

  11.  cèÌ 1%

  ÀÛÉÍÆÄà 1% ÅÍ·ÝÜ¹ñªcc

  11.1.  tar Æ gzip ðg¤

  UNIX ãÅÍt@CðÜÆß½è(A[JCuAÉ)A³k·éÌÉAæ
  gíêéAvP[Vª èÜ·Btar ÍÉðì¬·éÌÉgíêÜ
  ·B±êÍ PKZIP â Winzip ÉÄ¢Ü·ªA³kÍsí¸At@CðÜ
  ÆßÄÉðìéÌÝÅ·BVµ¢A[JCuðìéÉÍ:

       $ tar -cvf <archive_name.tar> <file> [file...]

  A[JCu©çt@Cðo·éÉÍ:

       $ tar -xpvf <archive_name.tar> [file...]

  A[JCuÌàeðQÆ·éÉÍ:

       $ tar -tf <archive_name.tar> | less

  t@Cð³k·éÉÍ compress (à¤Ã¢ÌÅgíÈ¢×«) ©Agzip ª
  g¦Ü·:

       $ compress <file>
       $ gzip <file>

  ±êÅg£q .Z (compress) â .gz (gzip) ÌÂ¢½³kt@Cªì¬³
  êÜ·B±êçÌvOÍêñÉÐÆÂÌt@Cµ©³kÅ«Ü¹ñB
  t@Cðð·éÉÍ:

       $ compress -d <file.Z>
       $ gzip -d <file.gz>

  RMPB

  »ÌÙ©Éà unarjAzip â unzip (PK??ZIP Ý·jÆ¢Á½[eBeB
  ª èÜ·B.tar.gz â .tgz itar ÅA[JCu³êÄAgzip Å³k³ê
  ½àÌjÆ¢Á½g£qÌt@CÍ UNIX Ì¢EÅÍ DOS Å¢¤ .ZIP
  t@CÆ¯¶ç¢êÊIÉgíêÜ·B.tar.gz A[JCuÌàeðQÆ
  ·éÉÍ:

       $ tar -ztf <file.tar.gz> | less

  11.2.  AvP[VÌCXg[

  Ü¸ÅÉ: pbP[WÌCXg[Í root ÌðÚÅ·BÙÆñÇÌ
  Linux ÌAvP[VÍ .tar.gz A[JCuÅzz³êA»êçÌA[
  JCuÉÍKØÈ¼OÌÂ¢½fBNgªÐÆÂüÁÄ¨èA»ÌfB
  NgàÉÍeít@CâTufBNgªüÁÄ¢Ü·B±êçÌpb
  P[WðCXg[·éãÅÌÜèÍAÈºÌR}hðgÁÄ
  /usr/local zºÉCXg[·é±ÆÅ·B

       # tar -zxf <archive.tar.gz>

  »Ìã README â INSTALL t@CðÇÝÜµå¤BÙÆñÇÌêAv
  P[VÍ\[XÅzz³êÄ¢éÌÅARpC·éKvª èÜ·B
  ÙÆñÇÌê make »µÄAmake install Æ^Cv·é¾¯Åæ¢Åµå
  ¤BàµA[JCuª configure XNvgðÜñÅ¢éê»êðæÉÀ
  sµÜµå¤BRÅ·ªA±êçÉÍ gcc â g++ RpCªKvÅ·B

  Ù©ÌA[JCuÍ / ©çApbN·éKvª èÜ·B Slackware Ì
  .tgz A[JCuÌêÅ·B»ÌÙ©ÌA[JCuÍt@CðÜñÅàA
  TufBNgðÜÜÈ¢êª èÜ·BVXeðß¿á¿áÉµÈ
  ¢æ¤ÉCðt¯Üµå¤! CXg[ð·éÜ¦ÉAíÉA[JCuÌà
  eðQÆ·éæ¤ÉµÜµå¤B

  Debian Æ Red Hat ÍÆ©ÌA[JCu`®ðÁÄ¢Ü·B»ê¼ê .deb
  Æ .rpmBãÒÍLgíênßÄ¢Ü·B rpm pbP[WðCXg[·
  éÉÍ

       # rpm -i package.rpm

  Æ^CvµÜ·B

  11.3.  mÁÄ¨×«qg

  obNXN[: <SHIFT + PAGEUP> (DFÌL[) ð·±ÆÅy[Wð
  obNXN[³¹é±ÆªÅ«Ü· (ÇÌç¢Å«é©Í È½Ìrf
  IJ[hÌÉ¶E³êÜ·)B

  æÊÌZbg: àµoCit@Cð more â cat µÄµÜÁ½êA
  æÊªß¿á¿áÉÈÁÄµÜ¤©àµêÜ¹ñB±êðC³·éÉ
  ÍAreset ÆuCh^Cv·é©AÌæ¤É^CvµÄ¾³¢: echo
  CTRL-V ESC c RETURNB

  eLXgÌy[Xg: R\[ãÅÍºðQÆ; X ãÅÍNbNAhh
  bOÅ xterm ãÌeLXgðIðµA{^( 2 {^}EXÌê
  ÍñÂÌ{^ð¯É·)ðNbN·é±ÆÅeLXgÌy[XgªÅ
  «Ü·B»ÌÙ©Éà xclipboard (cOÈªçeLXgÌÝ) ª èÜ·B
  ÆÄàx¢½É¬µÈ¢Å¾³¢B

  }EXðg¤: àµ gpm AR\[p}EXhCoAðCXg[µ
  Ä éêANbNAhhbOÅeLXgðIðµÄAENbNÅI
  ðµ½eLXgðy[XgÅ«Ü·B±êÍÙÈÁ½¼zR\[ÔÅà
  «Ü·B

  J[l©çÌbZ[W: /var/adm/messages â /var/log/messages ð
  root  ÀÅQÆ·é±ÆÅu[gAbvbZ[WðÜß½J[l©çÌ
  bZ[WðÇÞ±ÆªÅ«Ü·B dmesg R}hàÖÅ·B

  11.4.  Ç±ÅAvP[Vð©t¯é©

  àµ È½ªÃ«Ç« DOS/Win AvP[Vð Linux ÌàÌÆð·Å«
  é©Ç¤©YñÅ¢éÈçALinux \tgEFA|Wgð©ÄÝé±Æð
  ©ßÜ·B

  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux>A <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux>
  âA <ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux>B

  »ÌÙ©nßéÌÉæ¢êÍ uLinux Applications and Utilities Pagev
  <http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml> âAuö®v Linux y[W
  <http://www.linux.org> Å· (ú{ÅÍuú{Ì Linux îñvy[W
  <http://www.linux.or.jp>)B

  11.5.  DOS/Win ÅÍÅ«È©Á½±Æ

  Linux ÅÍ DOS/Windows ÅÍÊ|Aïµ©Á½AÜ½ÍsÂ\¾Á½³Ì
  ±ÆªÅ«Ü·BÈºÍ È½Ì~ð½µÄêé©àµêÈ¢àÌÌ
  XgÅ·B

  o   at Íwèµ½ÔÉvOðÀsµÜ·B

  o  awk ÍPÈªçàptÈAf[^t@Cðµ¤¾êÅ· (»ê¾
     ¯ÅÍ èÜ¹ñ)Bá¦Î data.dat ª}`tB[hf[^t@C
     ÌêA

       $ awk '$2 ~ "abc" {print $1, "\t", $4}' data.dat

  data.dat àÌSÄÌsÌ 2 ÔÚÌtB[hª uabcv ðÜÞ 1 ÔÚÆ 4
  ÔÚÌtB[hÌàeð\¦µÜ·B

  o  cron Íwèµ½útÔÉèúIÉ^XNðÀs·éÌÉg¦Ü·Bman
     5 crontab Æ^CvB

  o

     file <filename> Í filename ª½©³¦ÄêÜ· (ASCII eLXgA
     Àst@CAA[JCuA»Ì¼)B

  o   find (ZNV ``fBNg:  R}hð|ó·é'' ðQÆ) Í
     ñíÉptÅÖÈR}hÅ·B±ÌR}hÍt@Cð¡Ì
     Á¥É}b`³¹é±ÆÅ{µoµA»êÉÎµÄ®ìðs¢Ü·BêÊ
     IÈ find Ìg¢ûÍ

       $ find <directory> <expression>

  <expression> ÍõîÆ®ìðÜÝÜ·Bá¦Î:

       $ find . -type l -exec ls -l {} \;

  SÄÌV{bNNÆ»êçÌwµ¦·êð\¦µÜ·B

       $ find / -name "*.old" -ok rm {} \;

  p^[É}b`·éSÄÌt@Cð©t¯Ä»êçðíµÜ·Bí·
  éÜ¦ÉA{ÉíµÄæ¢©·«Ü·B

       $ find . -perm +111

  p[~bVª 111 (Àst@C) Ìt@CðTµÜ·B

       $ find . -user root

  root ÌL·éSÄÌt@CðTµÜ·B½³ñÌÂ\«ª èÜ·Ë
  --- RMPB

  o   grep Íp^[É}b`·ét@CàÌeLXgðTµÜ·Bá¦
     ÎA

       $ grep -l "geology" *.tex

  ugeologyv Æ¢¤PêðÜÞA*.tex t@CðXgµÜ·Báµ½
  zgrep Í gzip ³ê½t@CÉ«Ü·B RPM;

  o   ³K\» Í¡GÅ·ªAeLXgÌõðs¤AÆÄàptÈâè
     ûÅ·Bá¦ÎA^a[^a-m]X{4,}txt$ Í a ÅnÜésÅ»êÉ±¶ñ
     ª  a ©ç m ÅÍÈA»ÌÌ¶ªA4 ÂÈãÌ X ÅAtxt ÅIí
     éàÌÉYµÜ·B³K\»ÍBµ½GfB^âA lessA»ÌÙ©½
     ³ñÌAvP[VÆí¹ÄgpµÜ·B man grep ðCg
     _NVÉµÄ¾³¢B

  o  script <script_file> ÍæÊÌàeð exit R}hðÀs·éÜ
     ÅAscript_file É_vµÜ·BfobO·éÆ«Ég¦Ü·B

  o  sudo ÍêÊ[UÉ root Ì^XNÌêðÀs·é±ÆðÂµÜ·B
     (á: fBXNÌtH[}bgâ}Eg; RMP)

  o  uname -a Í È½ÌVXeîñð³¦ÄêÜ·B

  o  zcat Æ zless Í gzip ³ê½t@CððµÈ¢ÅuEYµ½èp
     CvðgÁ½èÅ«Ü·Bá¦Î:

       $ zless textfile.gz
       $ zcat textfile.gz | lpr

  o  ÌR}hÍæðÉ§¿Ü·: bcAcalAchshAcmpA
     cutAfmtAheadAhexdumpAnlApasswdAprintfAsortAsplitA
     stringsAtacAtailAteeAtouchAuniqAwAwallAwcAwhereisAwriteA
     xargsAznewB RMPB

  11.6.  DOS/Windows ãÅ UNIX ðÌ±

  M¶çêÈ¢©àµêÜ¹ñªADOS/Windows ãÅ UNIX Ìæ¤ÈÂ«ðñ
  ·éf°çµ¢c[ª èÜ·! ÐÆÂÍ DOS pÌ Djgpp (
  <http://www.delorie.com/djgpp>)A³çÉ Cygnus (
  <http://www.cygnus.com>) Í³çÉ¡GÈ Win32 pÅ·B¼ûÆà¯¶ GNU
  Jc[â[eBeBðÜÝÜ·ªA¼ûÆà¯¶öxÌÀè«âp
  tH[}XÆ¢¤óÅà èÜ¹ñB

  àµ È½ª Linux ð¡©µÄÝ½¢Èç Djgpp ðµÄÝÜµå¤BÌ
  t@Cð_E[hACXg[µÜ· ({¶ML_ÅÅVo[W
  Í 2.02)Bdjdev202.zipAbnu281b.zipAbsh1147b.zipAfil316b.zipA
  find41b.zipAgrep22b.zipAgwk303b.zipAlss332b.zipAshl112b.zipB C
  Xg[û@Íñ³êÄ¢Ü·B³çÉ  <news:comp.os.msdos.djgpp> Å
  Íðàç¦Ü·B
  ÁÉ bash ð DOSWin ãÅg¤Æ«ÍVNÈÌ±Å·B«¿ñÆÝè·éÉ
  ÍA©ªÌÂ«ð½f³¹é½ßñ³êÄ¢é BOOT.BAT ðÒWµAÈºÌ
  t@Cðz[fBNg(Windows p[eBVà) É³©ç éà
  ÌÌãíèÉu«Üµå¤B

       # ±êÍ _bashrc

       LS_OPTIONS="-F -s --color=yes"
       alias cp='cp -i'
       alias d='ls -l'
       alias l=less
       alias ls="ls $LS_OPTIONS"
       alias mv='mv -i'
       alias rm='rm -i'
       alias u='cd ..'

       # ±êÍ _bprof
       if [ -f ~/_bashrc ]; then
         . ~/_bashrc
       fi
       PS1='\w\$ '
       PS2='> '
       CDPATH="$CDPATH:~"
       # less(1) Ì½ßÌàÌ
       LESS="-M-Q"                     # ç·ÈvvgAxðÂç³È¢
       LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"       # êÔãÌsðÒW
       VISUAL="jed"                    # GfB^
       LESSCHARSET=latin1              # ²¶ð©¦éæ¤É·é
       export PS1 PS2 CDPATH LS_OPTIONS LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARSET

  11.7.  ægíêég£qÆÖA·évO

  ±ê©ç È½Í½³ñÌg£qÉoï¤Æv¢Ü·BÏíèÈàÌÍÜ
  ßÄ¢Ü¹ñªA±êÍÇÌg£qªÂ¢½t@Cª½©ÌXgÅ·B

  o  1 ` 8: man y[WBgroff -Tascii -man <file.1> ÅÇÝÜ·B

  o  arj: arj Åì¬³ê½A[JCuB

  o   dvi: Tex (ºðQÆ)ÉæÁÄì¬³ê½oÍt@CB xdvi Å©Ü
     ·Bdvips Å PostScript .ps t@C ÉÏ·µÜ·B

  o   gz: gzip ÉæÁÄì¬³ê½A[JCuB

  o  info: info t@C (man y[WÌæ¤ÈàÌ)BGet infoB

  o   lsm: Linux \tgEFA}bvt@CB±êÍpbP[WÌà¾ðÜ
     ñ¾ÊÌ ASCII t@CÅ·B

  o   ps: PostScript t@CB©½èAvgµ½è·éÉÍ gs Æ»Ì
     Ù©Éà ghostview â gv ðg¢Ü·B

  o   rpm: Red Hat pbP[WBpbP[W}l[W rpm ðg¤±ÆÅÇñ
     ÈVXeÉÅàCXg[Å«Ü·B

  o  tazAtar.Z: tar ÅÉÉ³êAcompress Å³k³ê½A[JCuB

  o   tgzAtar.gz: tar ÅÉÉ³êAgzip Å³k³ê½A[JCuB

  o   tex: ptÈ¶®`VXe TeX ÉÇÝÜ¹éeLXgt@C
     BpbP[W tex ðüèµÜµå¤B½³ñÌfBXgr[V
     ÅüèÂ\Å·B

  o   texi: texinfo t@CATeX Æ info t@CÌ¼ûðì¬µÜ·B
     (cp. info)BGet texinfoB

  o  xbmAxpmAxwd: OtBbNt@CB

  o   Z: compress ÉæÁÄì¬³ê½A[JCuB

  11.8.  t@CÌÏ·

  àµ DOS/Win Æ Linux ÔÅeLXgt@Cðð·µ½¢ÌÈçAuend of
  linevÌâèÉCðt¯Ä¾³¢BDOS ãÅÍeLXgÌsÍ CR/LF (±ê
  Í ASCII 13 + ASCII 10) ÅI¹µÜ·ªALinux ãÅÍ LF ÉÈèÜ·Bà
  µ È½ª DOS ÌeLXgð Linux ãÅÒWµ½çA»ê¼êÌsª¨©µ
  ÈIíèðÂ±Æª½¢Å·(uMvÉ©¦é¶)B Linux Åì¬³ê½
  t@CÍ DOS ãÅÍiÌÈ¢ kilometric single line ÆµÄ\¦³ê
  Ü·Bdos2unix â unix2dos Æ¢Á½t@CðÏ··éc[ª èÜ
  ·B

  àµeLXgÌÝÌt@Cª²³ê½¶ðÜÞêA»êª DOS ãÅ
  ÍÈ Windows (Ì ) Åì¬³êÄ¢é±ÆðmFµÜµå¤B»¤Å
  È¢Æ²³ê½¶Íß¿á¿áÉÈÁÄµÜ¢Ü·B

  Word â WordPerfect t@CðÊÌeLXgÉÏ··éÌÍ¿åÁÆâÁ
  ©¢Å·ªAsÂ\ÅÍ èÜ¹ñBKvÈt@CÍ CTAN ÌeTCgÅ©
  t©èÜ·BÐÆÂÍ    <ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk> Å·BvO word2x
  ðfBNg /pub/tex/tools/ ©çüè·é©A/pub/tex/support/ àÅ
  üèÂ\ÈvOðµÄÝÜµå¤BÁÉA word2x Í Word 6 t@C
  ðÏ·µÜ·ªAWord 97 t@CÉÍ HTML ÉÏ·µÄêé
  mswordview ( <http://www.csn.ul.ie/~caolan/docs/MSWordView.html>) ðg
  p·éKvª èÜ·B

  11.9.  t[ÌItBX»i

  àµt@CÌÏ·Å«Å«È¢ÈçAMicrosoft Office É½pbP[
  W (t[!) ðµÄÝé±ÆªÅ«Ü·B StarOffice ÍÂlgpÈç³
  ¿Å·B±êÍå«¢µA¿åÁÆx¢Å·ª»êðÓÜ¦Äàf°çµ¢\
  tgÅAMicrosoft Office ÉÈ¢æ¤È½³ñÌ@\ðñµÜ·B³ç
  ÉA¢Âà®àøÉÏ·Å«éí¯ÅÍ èÜ¹ñª Word â Excel Ìt@C
  ðÇÝ«Å«Ü·Bz[y[W:  <http://www.stardivision.com>

  »ÌÙ©ÌÆÄàæ¢pbP[WÆµÄÍ Corel WordPerfect ª èÜ·B
  ³¿Åð_E[hÂ\Å·B±êÈã¢¤KvÍ èÜ¹ñËB¡·®ü
  èµÜµå¤  <http://www.corel.com> B

  12.  ¡ÌÆ±ëÍ±êÅIíè

  ¨ßÅÆ¤²´¢Ü·! ±êÅ È½Í½Èªçà UNIX ððµA UNIX
  ðµ¤õªÅ«Üµ½B È½ÌVXeÉÂ¢ÄÌm¯ÍÀçêÄ¨
  èALinux ðSnæg¦éæ¤ÉÈéÉÍÜ¾Ü¾ûKªKvÈ±ÆðSÉ
  ~ßÄ¨¢Ä¾³¢BÅàA È½Ìµ½¢±Æª½³ñÌAvP[
  VðüèµÄg¢nßé¾¯ÈçA±±ÉÜÜêÄ¢éîñ¾¯Å\ªÅ
  ·B

  ±ê©ç È½àyµ Linux ðg¢AàÁÆ½³ñÌ±Æðo¦Ä¢
  ±ÆÅµå¤ (ÝñÈ»¤Å·)BDOSWin ÉßÁ½èµÈ¢Æv¢Ü·æ!
  ©ªÌ¢¤±ÆððµÄàç¦AÌ 3A4lÌÇÒÌ¨ðÉ§Ä½±Æð
  è¢Ü·B

  12.1.  ì 

  ÈºÌ¶ÍQlÌ½ßó¶ð°Ü·ªA´¶ªDæ³êÜ·B

  Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
  their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
  distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
  as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
  redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
  like to be notified of any such distributions.

  ÁÊÉq×çêÄ¢È¢ÀèALinux HOWTO hLgÍ»êçÌÒÉ
  ì ª èÜ·BLinux HOWTO hLgÍ±ÌCZXÌLÚª ê
  ÎAhLgÌSÌAêÉ©©íç¸A¨IÉàdqIÉà¡»âz
  zªÂ\Å·B¤pzzÍ§ãµÜ·ªAzzÌÛÉÍÒÉÊmµÄ¾³
  ¢B

  All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
  any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
  That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
  additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
  may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
  HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

  SÄÌ|óAüÏA»µÄWÌ Linux HOWTO hLgªæèüêçê
  ½¶ÍÍ±ÌRs[CgÉÛì³êÄ¢È¯êÎÈèÜ¹ñBÂÜèÍüÏ
  ³ê½¶Íðì¬µA»ÌzzÉ³çÈéK§ðÛ·±ÆÍÅ«È¢Æ¢¤
  ±ÆÅ·BóµÉæÁÄÍ±êçÌK¥ÉáOª³ø³êé±Æà èÜ·B
  ºÌAhXÌ Linux HOWTO R[fBl[^[ÉR^NgµÄ¾³¢B

  In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
  as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
  on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
  redistribute the HOWTOs.

  ÈPÉ¢¤ÆABÍ±ÌîñðÅ«é¾¯Lß½¢ÆvÁÄ¢Ü·ªA
  HOWTO hLgÌì ÍBªÛµA³çÉ HOWTO ÌÄzzÉÍ
  OÉÊmð¸«½¢ÆvÁÄ¢Ü·B

  If you have questions, please contact Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO
  coordinator, at  <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu> via email.

  ¿âª èÜµ½ç Tim Bynum ( Linux HOWTO R[fBl[^[) ÜÅdq
  [ÅR^NgµÄ¾³¢B <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu>

  12.2.  ÆÓ

  ÈºÌ¶ÍQlÌ½ßó¶ð°Ü·ªA´¶ªDæ³êÜ·B

  ``From DOS to Linux HOWTO'' was written by Guido Gonzato,
  <REMOVE_MEguido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it>. (Remove ``REMOVE_ME''.)  Many
  thanks to Matt Welsh, the author of ``Linux Installation and Getting
  Started'', to Ian Jackson, the author of ``Linux frequently asked
  questions with answers'', to Giuseppe Zanetti, the author of
  ``Linux'', to all the folks who emailed me suggestions, and especially
  to Linus Torvalds and GNU who gave us Linux.

  This document is provided ``as is''. I put great effort into writing
  it as accurately as I could, but you use the information contained in
  it at your own risk. In no event shall I be liable for any damages
  resulting from the use of this work.

  uFrom DOS to Linux HOWTOvÍ Guido Gonzato
  <REMOVE_MEguido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it>(uREMOVE_MEvðæè¢Ä¾³¢)
  ÉæÁÄ©êÜµ½BuLinux Installtion and Getting StartedvÌÒ
  Matt Welsh AuLinux frequently asked questions with answersvÌÒ
  Ian JacksonAuLinuxvÌÒ Giuseppe ZanettiA[ÅñÄð¾³Á
  ½F³ñA»µÄÁÉ Linux ðBÉ^¦Äê½ Linus Torvalds Æ GNU
  É½åÉ´ÓµÜ·B

  (ó: ú{êóð·éÌÉ ½ÁÄAúº³ñAä³ñAì³ñA¡
  ´³ñARº³ñÉåÏ¨¢bÉÈèÜµ½BÇ¤à èªÆ¤²´¢Üµ
  ½B)

  ±Ì¶ÍÍu³ÛØvÅñ³êÄ¢Ü·BÍ±Ì¶ÍðÅ«é¾¯³mÉ
  Lq·é½ßÉ½åÈwÍð¬Üµ½ªA¶ÍàÉÜÜêéîñðgp·é
  Æ«Í©ªÌÓCÅsÁÄ¾³¢B¶ÍàÉ©êÄ¢é±ÆðÀsµ½±
  ÆÉæÁÄíé¢©Èé¹QàÒÍÓCð¿Ü¹ñB

  tB[hobNÍ½}Å·BvAñÄA¨¶èðCË³ÒÜÅÁ
  Ä¾³¢B

  Enjoy Linux and life,

  Guido   =8-)