Diskless Linux Mini Howto
Robert Nemkin buci@math.klte.hu
v0.0.3 12 Sep 1996
x]½ê shorie@ibm.net ó
±Ì¶ÍfBXN³µÌ Linux @ðÇÌæ¤É\¬·é©É¢Äྵ
Ü·BÅ Í Robert Nemkin É®µÜ·BŠ̵¢Í GPL É]¢Ü·B
±Ì¶ðpêÉ|óµÄê½ Bela Kis <bkis@cartan.math.klte.hu> É
´ÓµÜ·B
Ó: ±Ì¶Í©ÈèÈOÉ©ê½àÌÈÌÅA¢ÜÇ«Ì Linux «
ÉÍ ÄÍÜçÈ¢Óª èÜ·B (JF Project)
______________________________________________________________________
Ú
1. ÏX_
2. fBXNÈµÌ Linux @ðÝè·éû@
3. ÖA¶
4. n[hEFA
5. î{IÈl¦û
5.1 PC ðÝè·é
5.2 T[o[ãÉ bootpd ðÝu·é
5.3 T[o[ãÌ bootpd Ì\¬ðs¤
5.4 tftp ðð·é
5.5 uT[o[ãÉŬ\¬Ì Linux ðgÞ
5.6 tftp Ì\¬ðs¤
5.7 ÅãÌìÆ
6. yÑfBXNÌKvÊB¬x
7. ¶µ¤éG[
8. ëèA¨æÑ«Éü¯Ä̶ÌXV
______________________________________________________________________
1. ÏX_
o v0.0.3 12 Sep 1996: ¬³Èëèð¢Â©C³
2. fBXNÈµÌ Linux @ðÝè·éû@
±Ì¶ÍfBXN³µÌ Linux @ðÇÌæ¤É\¬·éÌ©ðྵÜ
·B Linux ðtbs[àn[hfBXNàÈ¢æ¤È@BÅç¹È¯ê
ÎÈçÈ¢±Æª é©àµêܹñBlbg[NÆAbootp â tftp â
NFS T[o[ðÁ½ Unix @A»µÄ EPROM C^[ª êÎALinux ð
n[hfBXNàtbs[fBXNà³µÅN®·é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B
3. ÖA¶
o NFS-root Mini Howto
o Linux NET-2/3-HOWTO Terry Dawson, 94004531@postoffice.csu.edu.au
o Vµ¢J[lÌÝèÆRpCÉ¢ÄÍ /usr/src/linux/README ð
QƵĺ³¢B
4. n[hEFA
±Ì¶É¢Ä éàeÍȺÌ\¬Ì@íÅmFµÄ¢Ü·B
o u[gT[o[ƵÄSun-OS 4.1.3
o Slackware 2.3 + Linux 1.2.8 + WD 8013 Ethernet J[h
o Ò®µÄ¢é Ethernet LAN
5. î{IÈl¦û
îbÆÈél¦ûÍȺÌÊèÅ·BPC ÍAIP AhXðu[gT[o[©
ç bootp vgRÉæÁÄüèµÜ·B±ÌAIP AhXÌúlÍ
0.0.0.0 Å èAJ[lÍ tftp vgRðp¢ÄüèµÜ·B (-- Z
Ogð´¦Ä([^[ðʵÄjN®·éÆ¢¤ÌÍêØêÅ¢±Æ
ÅÍ èܹñB»±ÅAT[o[ÆfBXN³µ@ð¯¶lbg[NZO
gÉÝè·é©AT[o[ÌÊuðÁè·é½ßÉ È½Ì[^[Ìw
p[ UDP AhXðÝèµÄº³¢BÚµÍ[^[Ì»iîñðQÆ
µÄ¾³¢--)
Èãðs¤ÉÍAȺÌ豫ðQƵĺ³¢B
5.1. PC ðÝè·é
ܸAnfsu[gpbP[WðüèµÄº³¢ièßÈ Linux ~[TCgÌ
the /pub/Linux/system/Linux-boot fBNg[ÉLèÜ·jB±Ìpb
P[WÉÍ WD8013 pÌN® EPROM C[WªLèA»ÌÜÜ ROM C^[
ÅıƪūܷB
PC ÌõÉͼÌû@à èÜ·B
o ÎÛ@ª®SÉfBXNXÆ¢¤í¯ÅàȯêÎA¬³È DOS vO
©çN®·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B
o ܽAãÌpbP[WÌoCiC[Wðûß½tbs[ðg¤èà
èÜ·B
ãÒÌêAtbs[É dd R}hÅC[Wð«ÝÜ·B
±ÌC[WÍ bootp Æ tftp NCAgðÁĢܷB¼ÉA Linux
ÌJ[lðpӵȯêÎÈèܹñB±ÌJ[lÍ nfs-root IvV
t«Å\z³êĢȯêÎÈèܹñB
o àµAÅVÌÀèµ½J[lÅ é Linux-1.2.13 ðgpµÄ¢éÈç
ÎA nfsboot pbP[WÌJ[lpb`t@CªKvÅ·B (--
patch(1) ðQƵľ³¢--)
o àµàÅVÅÍ ÁÄàÀèµÄ¢È¢ Linux-1.3.x V[YðgpµÄ
¢éÈçÎ nfs-root IvVÅJ[lð\¬µÈ¯êÎÈèܹ
ñB
tbs[ân[hfBXNÆ¢Á½ubNfoCXðJ[lÉæè
ÞKvÍLèܹñBµ©µATCP/IP Î@\AWD Ethernet J[hÎ
A NFS t@CVXeÖÌÎ@\ÍK{Å·B±êçÌ@\ðÝè
µ½çAJ[lðRpCµÄº³¢B
5.2. T[o[ãÉ bootpd ðÝu·é
bootpd ÍAbootpd-2.4.tar.gz ÉüÁĢܷiêÍALinux ~[TC
gÌ /pub/Linux/system/Network/boot.net fBNgÅ·jBpbP[W
ðüèµ½çRpCµAgÝñź³¢BàµAT[o[¤Ì Unix ª
Slackware ÈçÎAbootpd ÍͶߩçgÝÜêĢܷÌűÌèÍ
³µÄ¾³¢Bf[ÍAR}hC©çN®·é±ÆªÅ«Ü
·B
______________________________________________________________________
bootpd -s
______________________________________________________________________
é¢ÍAinetd ©çàN®Å«Ü·
o ±ÌêA/etc/inetd.conf ÌȺÌs©çAsªÌä
óðÁµÜ·B
______________________________________________________________________
# tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd tftpd /export
# bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.bootpd bootpd
______________________________________________________________________
o ܽA/etc/services ÌȺÌ2sÌRgð͸µÄº³¢BàµAÈ
ãÌsª©½çȢƫÉÍAsðÇÁµÄº³¢BióFä
Ís
ªÌàÌð͸·¾¯Å·BsÌrÌàÌÍ͸³È¢Åº³¢j
______________________________________________________________________
bootps 67/tcp # BOOTP server
tftp 69/udp # TFTP server
______________________________________________________________________
o inetd ðÄN®·éÉÍAÌæ¤ÉµÜ·
______________________________________________________________________
kill -HUP <process id of inetd>.
______________________________________________________________________
5.3. T[o[ãÌ bootpd Ì\¬ðs¤
ÆÉà©ÉàAbootptab Æ¢¤¼OÌt@Cð bootpd ̽ßÉpÓ·
é±Æ©çnßÜ·B±Ìt@CÍÊÍ/etcÉu©êÜ·B\¬ðs¤½
ßɱÌt@CðÒWµÄQ[gEFCADNS T[o[Ì IP AhXA¨
æÑfBXNX@Ì Ethernet AhXðLqµÈ¯êÎÈèܹñBáð
°éÆF
______________________________________________________________________
global.prof:\
:sm=255.255.255.0:\
:ds=192.168.1.5:\
:gw=192.168.1.19:\
:ht=ethernet:\
:bf=linux:
machine1:hd=/export/root/machine1:tc=global.prof:ha=0000c0863d7a:ip=192.168.1.140:
machine2:hd=/export/root/machine2:tc=global.prof:ha=0800110244e1:ip=192.168.1.141:
machine3:hd=/export/root/machine3:tc=global.prof:ha=0800110244de:ip=192.168.1.142:
______________________________________________________________________
±±Å globa.prof ÍAzXgLqpÌ`Å·ióF±ÌãɱÂXÌ
@BɤÊÌðLqµÜ·jBܽA
o smÍTulbg}XNðA
o dsÍhCEl[ET[o[ÌAhXðA
o gwÍùèÌQ[gEFCAhXð
o htÍLANfBAÌn[hEFAð
o bfÍAu[gt@C̼Oð
»ê¼êLqµÜ·B±ÌãA·×ÄÌ@BióFfBXNX@jp
É
o hdÍu[gt@CÌfBNgð
o tcÍO[oEev[gÌÇÝÝð
o haÍEther Net J[hÌn[hEFAAhXð
o ipÍèÄçêéIPAhXð
»ê¼êLqµÜ·B
5.4. tftp ðð·é
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)Í FTP ƯlÈt@C]vg
RÅ·Bµ©µA±ÌvgRÍ EPROM ÉÄ«ßéç¢P»³ê
ĢܷB TFTP ÉÍ2ÂÌprªLèÜ·
o simple TFTP ÍANCAgªt@CVXe·×ÄðÇÝ«Å«
éæ¤ÈprÅ·B±êÍÈPÉÀ»Å«Ü·ªAå«ÈZL
eB
[Ez[ÉÈèÜ·i½µëNÅà±ÌvgRÅpX[ht@C
ðßÜ·jB
o secure TFTP ÅÍATFTP T[o[ª chroot.2 VXeR[ðgpµ
ÄA©ª©gÌ[gfBNgðÏXµÜ·BVµÝè³êé[
gfBNgÌOðÇÝ«·é±ÆÍêØÖ~³êĢܷBchroot
ÉæÁÄA¡ÜÅÆÍá¤fBNgª[gÉÈé½ßA·ÅÉà¾
µ½hdÍAVµ¢ûÌ«ÉεĢéKvª èÜ·Bá¦ÎA
simple TFTP ðgpµÄ¢éêAhd Íu[gfBNgÖÌtpX
/export/root/machine1 ðàÁĢܷB/export ðVµ¢[gƵÄ
secure TFTP ðgp·éêÍA/export ª / ÉÈé½ßAhd Í
/root/machine1 ÉÈèÜ·B
UnixÅ êÎÙÆñÇ·×ÄTFTPT[o[ðÁĢܷB½ªA©ªÅ
±ü·éKvÍȢŵå¤B
5.5. uT[o[ãÉŬ\¬Ì Linux ðgÞ
Slackware ÈçÎpbP[W aAapAn ¨æÑ x ÈǪgp³êé±ÆÅ
µå¤Bà¿ëñAàÁÆCXg[µÄà©Ü¢Ü¹ñBµ©µAfBX
NX X [ÈçÎãLÌ\¬Åà\ªÅ·B±üðs¤½ßÉÍÀ®óÔ
É é Linux ªKvÅ·B[g}VióFfBXNX@Éu[g
@\ðñ·é@BB±ÌêÍ SunOS @jãÉA éöxÌfBXNÌæ
ðmÛµAlbg[N©çÇÝ«Å«éæ¤ export µÜ·B export µ
½fBNgðióFÀ®óÔÌ Linux @ÌjKÈêiá¦Î
/mntjÉ}EgµÜ·B»¤µÄA±üæð / ÅÍÈ /mnt ƵÄió
F Linux @Ìjsetup [eBeB[ðgpµÜ·B»¤µÄæÉ °
½pbP[Wð±üµÄº³¢BfBXNX@ðê䵩gpµÈ¢ÈçÎ
±ÌÜÜÅ\Å·BàµA2äÈãÌ Linux @ðfBXNXƵÄgpµ
½¢ÈçA±ÌÜÜÅ;ßÅ·Bt@CâfBNg[ÌÉÍfBX
NX@ÉÅLÌîñðÂà̪ é½ßÅ·B±ÌâèÍ /usri±Ì
fBNgÍ@BÅLîñðÁĢȢjðÊÌêÉÚ®µA¨Ì¨Ì
ÌfBXNX@ÉTufBNgðpÓ·é±ÆÉæÁÄðÅ«Ü·B
½Æ¦ÎA/export/linux/machine1 ª /mnt É}Eg³êÄ¢éêAÅ
ÌÝèÌãAfBNg\¢ÍȺÌæ¤ÉÈÁĢܷB
______________________________________________________________________
/export/linux/machine1/bin
/export/linux/machine1/sbin
/export/linux/machine1/lib
/export/linux/machine1/etc
/export/linux/machine1/var
/export/linux/machine1/usr
______________________________________________________________________
ÏXãÍAȺÌæ¤ÉÈèÜ·B
______________________________________________________________________
/export/linux/machine1/bin
/export/linux/machine1/sbin
/export/linux/machine1/lib
/export/linux/machine1/etc
/export/linux/machine1/var
/export/linux/usr
______________________________________________________________________
±±ÅA¨Ì¨ÌÌfBXNX@pÉTufBNgðpӵܷBfB
XNX@ª»ê¼ê machine1,Amachine2Amachine3 ÆÄÎêÄ¢éÆ
¼èµÜ·B±ÌêA»ê¼êÌfBXNX@ÌÝèpÉÌæ¤È
bash XNvgðg¦Ü·B
______________________________________________________________________
cd /export/linux
for x in machine2 machine3 ; do
mkdir $x; cd $x
(cd ../machine1; tar cf - *) | tar xvf -
done
______________________________________________________________________
Then do the following export:
»¤µÄAÈºÌ export ðs¢Ü·B
o /export/linux/usr readonly for everyone.
o /export/liunx/machine1 only to machine1 with rw,root
rights.
o /export/liunx/machine2 only to machine2 with rw,root
rights.
o /export/liunx/machine3 only to machine3 with rw,root
rights.
±ÌìÆðs¤ÉÍȺÌLqð©Ä¾³¢ (-- ®Í SunOS 4.1.3 Ì
export t@CÌàÌÅ·--) B
______________________________________________________________________
# This file is /etc/export
# for remote linux X terminals by Buci
# this line is only once
/export/root/usr -access=linuxnet
# these lines once for every host
/export/root/machine1 rw=machine1,root=machine1
/export/root/machine2 rw=machine2,root=machine2
/export/root/machine3 rw=machine3,root=machine3
______________________________________________________________________
exportfs -a ðç¹é±ÆðYêȢź³¢B
5.6. tftp Ì\¬ðs¤
³ÄATFTP T[o[ð\¬·éÔÅ·Bsecure TFTP ðg¤Kvª³¢ÌÅ
êÎbÍÈPÅANCAgÍ /export fBNg[©çN®µÜ
·B
secure TFTPðgp·éêÉÍA/tftpboot ÌºÉ /export/linux fBN
g[ðìéiJ[lÍê¿A¼Ì}Væ¤ÉÍ»ÌJ[lÖÌ
Nð£éj©A/exportðsecure TFTP ÌN®fBNg[ƵܷB
é¢ÍAÊXÌ tftpboot fBNgðgp·éÈêÍJ[lðê¾
¯à¿A¼Ì}VpÉióF±ÌJ[lÖÌjNðÍèÜ·BÝè
ðs¤ÉÍȺÌæ¤ÉLqµÜ·B
______________________________________________________________________
mkdir -p /tftpboot/export/linux/machine1
cd /tftpboot/export/linux/machine1
cp /export/linux/machine1/<name of the kernel> .
______________________________________________________________________
Then type the following:
»µÄȺÌæ¤Éü͵ľ³¢B
______________________________________________________________________
mkdir -p /tftpboot/export/linux/machine2
cd ../machine2
ln -s ../machine2/<name of the kernel>
______________________________________________________________________
5.7. ÅãÌìÆ
ÅãÉA
______________________________________________________________________
/sbin/mount nfs_server:/export/linux/usr /usr
______________________________________________________________________
ðA
______________________________________________________________________
/export/linux/<machinex>/etc/rc.d/rc.S
______________________________________________________________________
ÌæªÉÇÁµÜ·
±±Å <machinex> Í machine1Amachine2Að çíµÜ·B
6. yÑfBXNÌKvÊB¬x
Slackware 2.3 ŵ½¾¯Å·B¼Ìzzâo[WÅÍAȺÌÍ
Ï»·éŵå¤B
o Diskspace: 28MB + 6.5MB/machine
o RAM: X ð 8 MB ÅgÁĨèAXbvÍ 4MB ªKvȾ¯Ìæ¤Å
·BXbvÍA/temp É@BÉ쬷é±ÆªÅ«Ü·Bmkswap ð
ç¹é±ÆðYêȢŨ¢Äº³¢B
o Speed: 486 DX2/66 É 8 MBÌ\¬ÅA½Ìâèà èܹñB
7. ¶µ¤éG[
o ÏÈG[ð©Â¯Ä¢Ü·B/dev TufBNgÅA SunOS ªfo
CXGgðóµÄµÜ¢Ü·B»Ì½ßAfBXNt«Ì Linux É}
EgµÄ MAKEDEV ðÀsµÈ¯êÎÈèܹñŵ½(±êÍALinux
nfs Æ SunOS nfs Ìᢪ´öŵ½B¼ÒÆàAfoCXÔÉ 32
rbgðgpµÄ¢Ü·ªALinux ÍW[A}Ci[ÔÉ 16 rb
gÃÂèÄASunOS ÍA14 rbgðW[A18 rbgðÜ¢È[
ÔÉèt¯Ä½ÌÅ·)B
o fBXNX Linux ªN®·éÆ«ÉÍAtftp T[o̽ßÌoHÝè
e[uÌÈ©ÉÍ꾯µ©oHª ÁÄÍ¢¯Ü¹ñBµ½ªÁ
ÄAe[uð³µÝèµÈ¯êÎÈèܹñBñÂÌû@ª èÜ
·B
o ·×ÄÌ@BpÉ rc.S ðèìÆÅÝè·é
o bootp NCAgpbP[WðgpµAÄpÝèXNvgð
8. ëèA¨æÑ«Éü¯Ä̶ÌXV
o ÖA¶ÌøpðC³·éB
o SunOS Í BSD ðàÆɵĢéÌÅASVR ðàÆɵ½T[o(á¦ÎA
Solaris)pÉÝèðpÓ·éB
o Linux ÍAbootp/tftp T[oƵÄÍ SunOS ÉÄ¢éªALinux ðà
Æɵ½T[oÌáàÖ¾ÆvíêéB
o ±Ì¶ð»sÌ etherboot pbP[WÉ í¹éB
o J[l 1.2.13 Æ J[l 1.3.x pÌá¢ð¾ç©É·éBãÒÍ
nfs root pb`ðÁÄ¢éB
o wd8013 ÈOÌ ethercards ŵÄÝéB
o linux pɳµoHe[uðÝè·é½ßÉAbootp NCAgÅ
é bootpc ÌÝèîñðÇÁ·éB
o ëEâ»Ì¼ÌÔá¢ÍA buci@math.klte.hu Émç¹Äº³¢B
o ú{êÅÌëAEA|óÔá¢ÍóÒshorie@ibm.netÉmç¹Ä¾
³¢BàeÉÖ·é¿âÍ´Òɨ袵ܷB(óÒæè)
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