Sophie: howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0 noarch

howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0.noarch.rpm

  From Power Up To Bash Prompt
  Greg O'Keefe, gcokeefe@postoffice.utas.edu.au
  v0.9, November 2000
  ú{êó çUTi
  v0.9j November 2000

  ±Ì¶ÍAd¹ðüêÄ©çOCµA bash vvgª\¦³êéÜ
  ÅÉ Linux VXeãÅ½ªN±ÁÄ¢éÌ©ðÈÉðàµ½àÌÅ 
  éB±Ì¶ððµÄ¨¯ÎAâèÌðâVXeÌÝèªKvÉÈÁ½
  Æ«ÉðÉ§Â¾ë¤B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ú

  1. Introduction
  2. n[hEFA
     2.1 Ýè
     2.2 K
     2.3 Ql¶£

  3. Lilo
     3.1 Ýè
     3.2 K
     3.3 Ql¶£

  4. Linux J[l
     4.1 Ýè
     4.2 K
     4.3 Ql¶£

  5. GNU C Cu
     5.1 Ýè
     5.2 K
     5.3 Ql¶£

  6. Init
     6.1 Ýè
     6.2 K
     6.3 Ql¶£

  7. t@CVXe
     7.1 Ýè
     7.2 K
     7.3 Ql¶£

  8. J[lf[
     8.1 Ýè
     8.2 K
     8.3 Ql¶£

  9. VXeÌOL^
     9.1 Ýè
     9.2 K
     9.3 Ql¶£

  10. Getty Æ login
     10.1 Ýè
     10.2 K

  11. Bash
     11.1 Ýè
     11.2 K
     11.3 Ql¶£

  12. R}h
  13. _
  14. Administrivia
     14.1 Copyright
     14.2 z[y[W
     14.3 tB[hobN
     14.4 Acknowledgements
     14.5 üùð
        14.5.1 0.8 -> 0.9 (November 2000)
        14.5.2 0.7 -> 0.8 (September 2000)
        14.5.3 0.6 -> 0.7
        14.5.4 0.5 -> 0.6
     14.6 TODO
     14.7 ú{êóÉÂ¢Ä

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Introduction

  æª©çÈ¢½Ì±Æª©ªÌ Linux }VÅN«Ä¢éÆv¤ÆAí
  ½µÍàÇ©µÄdûªÈ¢BàµAí½µÆ¯¶æ¤ÉAPÉg¢ûªª
  ©éÆ¢¤¾¯ÅÈA{ÉVXeððµ½¢Æv¤ÈçA±Ì¶Í
  »Ìo_ÆÈé¾ë¤BLinux É¨¯éâèðÌ ÐðÚwµÄ¢éÆµ
  ÄàA±ÌíÌîbm¯ÍKvÅ éB

  Linux ÌÒ·é}VðÁÄ¢é±ÆÆAUnix ¨æÑ PC n[hEFA
  Ìî{ððµÄ¢é±ÆªOñÉÈéBàµ»¤ÅÈ¢êA»êçðwÔ
  ½ßÌüåÆµÄAEric Raymond ÌÌ¶£ªDêÄ¢éB
  The Unix and Internet Fundamentals HOWTO
  <http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-
  HOWTO.html> (ú{êó <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Unix-and-
  Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO/index.html>).  ±êÍAÈÅÇÝÕAî
  {ªÔ³êÄ¢éB

  ±Ì¶ÌåèÍALinux ÌN®ÌdgÝÅ éBµ©µAÞµëª©èÕ¢
  wKÌèø«ÉàÈéæ¤Ó}³êÄ¢éBeÍÉKðÝ¯Ä éÌÅAÀ
  ÛÉ¢Â©ðÀs·éÈçAÇñ¾¾¯Ìæèà¢Á»¤½Ì±Æðw
  ×é¾ë¤B

  í½µÌméÀèALinux ðwÔÅÇÌKÍA\[XR[h©çÌVXe
  ð\z·é±ÆÅ éBí½µÍA»êÉ§í·éÇÒª¢é±ÆðúÒµÄ
  ¢éBC^AÌNwÒ Giambattista Vico (1688-1744) ÍA"verum ipsum
  factum" Æ¾ÁÄ¢éB±ÌÓ¡ÍAuðÍAìé±Æ©ç¶ÜêévÆ¢
  ¤±ÆÅ éB±Ì¾tð³¦Äê½ Alex (``Acknowledgements''ðQ
  Æ)É´ÓµÄ¢éB

  \[X©çVXeð\zµ½¢ÈçAGerard Beekmans Ì¶Linux From
  Scratch HOWTO <http://www.linuxfromscratch.org> (LFS) à©é×«¾ë
  ¤BLFS Í\[XR[h©ç{ÉÀpIÈVXeðÂé½ßÌÚ×Èè
  øÅ éBLFS ÌEFuTCgÉÍA»¤µ½û@ÅVXeð\zµæ¤
  Æ·élü¯Ì[OXgà éB±êÜÅ±Ì¶ÌêÅ Á½È
  PÈ\zû@ÌÐîÍA»Ý "Building a Minimal Linux System from
  Source Code (ú{êó <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Building-
  Minimal-Linux.html>)" Æ¢¤ÊÌ¶ÆÈÁÄ¢ÄA From PowerUp to
  Bash Prompt home page <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash> Å
  üèÂ\ÆÈÁÄ¢éB»Ì¶Åq×Ä¢éÌÍAÈûKÛèÆµÄ
  u¨à¿á(toy)vÌVXeðìéû@Å éB(ó: LFS Í|óÉ¨¢
  ÄAú{êóìÆªisÅ·)

  oê·épbP[WÍAVXeªN®·éßöÅ»êéÔÉÀñÅ¢éB
  ÂÜèA»ÌÅCXg[·êÎACXg[·é½ÑÉÄN®Å«
  ÄAµ©àVXeªñµ¸Â bash vvgÌ\¦ÉßÃ¢Ä¢Ì
  ªª©éí¯Å éB»êÉæÁÄAÀÉiàµÄ¢é±ÆªÀ´Å«éB

  ÅÍAKÆQl¶£ðÆÎµÄAeÍÌ{¶¾¯ÇÞ±Æð¨Eß·
  éB»µÄAÇê¾¯ðð[ß½¢©AÇÌç¢wÍ·éÂàè©ÍÁ«
  èßÄAà¤êxßÉàÇèAKÆQl¶£É ½ÁÄÝÄÙµ¢B

  2.  n[hEFA

  Ü¸ARs[^Ìd¹ðüêéÆARs[^Í·×ÄªÒÅ«éó
  ÔÉ é©ð©Èff·éB±êÍAp[IZteXg(Power on self
  test)ÆÄÎêéBÉ ROM BIOS Éu©ê½u[gXgbv[
  _(bootstrap loader)Æ¢¤vOªAu[gZN^ðT·Bu[gZN
  ^ÆÍfBXNÌæªÌZN^ÅAIy[eBOVXeð(É)
  [h·é@\ðÁ½¬³ÈvOªæÁÄ¢éBu[gZN^Ì
  0x1FE(=510) oCgÚÉÍ 0xAA55(=43605) Ì}WbNio[(ó:t@C
  `®ð»f·é½ßÌio[)ª}[N³êÄ¢éB}[N³ê½ÊuÍ
  ZN^Ìö 2 oCgÉ½éB±Ì}[NÌL³ÅA»ÌZN^ªu[g
  ZN^Å é©Ç¤©ðn[hEFA¤Å¯ÊÅ«éí¯Å éB

  u[gXgbv[_ÉÍAu[gZN^ðT·×«êÌXgªûßç
  êÄ¢éBí½µÌÃ¢}VÍAvC}tbs[hCuðTµ½ 
  ÆAvC}n[hhCuðT·BàÁÆVµ¢}VÅÍ CD-ROM Ìu
  [gZN^ðT·±ÆàÅ«éBu[gZN^ª©Â©êÎA»±É év
  OðÉ[hµ»êÉ§äðC¹éB»µÄ»ÌvOªAI
  y[eBOVXeð[h·éBT^IÈ Linux VXeÅÍA»Ì
  vOÆÍ lilo ÌæêXe[WÌu[g[_Ì±ÆÉÈé¾ë¤Bµ
  ©µVXeN®Ì½ßÌÝèû@Í½í½lÅ é©çAÚ×ÉÂ¢Ä
  ÍALILO User's Guide (ú{êó
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/LILO-README/index.html>)ð©ÄÙµ
  ¢BURL ÉÂ¢ÄÍºLðQÆÌ±ÆB``LILO''

  PC Ìn[hEFAÌ®ìÉÂ¢Äêé×«±ÆÍm©ÉÜ¾Ü¾ éÌ¾
  ªA±±Í»êðq×é×«êÅÍÈ¢BPC Ìn[hEFAÉÖµÄÍÇ
  ª»ëÁÄ¢é©ç»ÌÐÆÂðÇñÅÙµ¢B

  2.1.  Ýè

  }VÍ éíÌ©Èîñð CMOS àÉÛµÄ¢éB»ÌÉÍAÇ¤¢¤
  fBXNâ RAM ªVXeÉ¶Ý·éÌ©Æ¢¤îñàÜÜêéB}VÌ
  BIOS É évOðg¦Î»¤µ½îñÌÝèÏXªÅ«éBd¹ðü
  ê½Æ«XN[É\¦³êébZ[WÉÓ·êÎAÇ¤âÁÄ»Ìv
  OÉANZX·é©ª©é¾ë¤Bí½µÌ}VÅÍAIy[eB
  OVXeª[h³êéOÉ delete L[ð·æ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢éB

  2.2.  K

  ÃiðgÁÄ}VðgÝ§Äé±ÆÍAPC n[hEFAðméãÅÇ
  ¢û@Å éBÅáÅà 386 CPU ðèÉüêæ¤B»¤·êÎAÈPÉ
  Linux ðç¹é±ÆªÅ«éB»êÙÇïpÍ©©çÈ¢¾ë¤BüÍÌF
  lÉqËÄÝêÎAKvÈp[cð÷ÁÄêé©àµêÈ¢B

  unios <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/resources>ð_E[hµAR
  pCµÄu[gfBXNðìé±ÆB(±êÜÅÍºLÉz[y[Wª
   Á½Ì¾ªAÁ¦ÄµÜÁ½B <http://www.unios.org>)
  ±êÍAu[g@\ðÁ½ÈPÈ (Hello World) vOÅ èA100
  s¿åÁÆÌAZuR[hÅÅ«Ä¢éBGNU ÌAZuÅ é as Å
  ðÅ«étH[}bgÉÏ·³êÄ¢éÌÅA©ÄÝéÆæ¢B

  hex editor ðgÁÄ unios Ìu[gfBXNC[WðJ±ÆB±ÌC
  [WÍ 512 oCg èA¿å¤Ç 1 ZN^ªÅ éB}WbNio[
  0xAA55 ðT·±ÆBN®ptbs[fBXNâRs[^É éu[g
  ZN^Åà¯¶±ÆðµÄÙµ¢Bdd R}hðg¦ÎA»êðt@CÉ
  Rs[Å«éBdd if=/dev/fd0 of=boot.sector
  if(input file) Æ of(output file) ÆðtÉµÈ¢æ¤ÉÁÉÓ·é±
  ÆI

  LILO Ìu[g[_ÌR[hà`FbN·é±ÆB

  2.3.  Ql¶£

  o  The Unix and Internet Fundamentals HOWTO
     <http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-
     HOWTO/index.html> by Eric S. Raymond, ÁÉæOÍÌuRs[^Ì
     d¹ðüê½É½ªN±éÌ©?vªæ¢B (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-
     HOWTO/bootup.html>)

  o  The LILO User's Guide (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/LILO-README/index.html>)ÌæêÍ
     ÉÍAPC ÌfBXNp[eBVÆN®ÉÖ·éDê½ðàª 
     éBURL ÉÂ¢ÄÍA``LILO'' ÌÍðQÆ·é±ÆB

  o  The NEW Peter Norton Programmer's Guide to the IBM PC & PS/2, by
     Peter Norton and Richard Wilton, Microsoft Press 1988
     Vµ¢ Norton {Å éBÈ©È©¢¢æ¤¾ªA¡ÍèªoÈ¢B

  o  PC ÌAbvO[hÉÖ·é½Ì{ÌÈ©ÌêûB

  3.  Lilo

  êÊIÈ Linux VXeãÅRs[^ªu[gZN^ð[h·éÆ
  «AÀÛÉ[hµÄ¢éÌÍ lilo ÌêÅ éB»êÍuæêXe[Wu
  [g[_(first stage boot loader)vÆÄÎêé¬³ÈvOÅA»
  êÉèÄçê½BêÌdÍuæñXe[Wu[g[_ (second stage
  boot loader)vð[hµÄÀs·é±ÆÅ éB

  æñXe[W(u[g)[_ÍA(CXg[³ê½û@ÉàæéÌ¾ª)v
  vgð\¦µA»±ÅIð³ê½Iy[eBOVXeð[h·
  éB

  VXeª§¿ãªÁ½ãÅ lilo ÆÅÁ½êAÀÛÉÀs³êéÌÍA
  u}bvCXg[[(map installer)vÅ éB±ÌvOªÝè
  t@CÅ é /etc/lilo.conf ðÇÝñÅAn[hfBXNÉu[g[
  _ð«ÝA¯É[hÅ«éIy[eBOVXeÉÖ·éîñà
  «ÞB

  VXeðN®³¹éû@ÉÍlXÈíÞª éB¢Üà¾µ½û@ÍAÈ
  Æà Linux ðCÆ·éVXeÉ¨¢ÄÍAàÁÆàª©èÕ¢Ê
  Ìû@Å éB "The Lilo Users's Guide" ÉÍAu[gÌTOÉÂ¢Ä½Ê
  è©Ìáªà¾³êÄ¢éBêÇÉl·é¾¯ÅÈA»Ì¢Â©ÍâÁÄ
  Ýé¿lª éB

  3.1.  Ýè

  lilo ÌÝèt@CÍ /etc/lilo.conf Å éB}jAÌy[Wª é
  ÌÅAman lilo.conf Æ^CvµAÇñÅÝé±ÆB lilo.conf t@CÅ
  dvÈÌÍAlilo ðgÁÄN®·éÎÛ²ÆÉÂÊÌGg[(entry)ª 
  éÆ¢¤±ÆÅ éBLinux ÌGg[ÈçÎAJ[lªÇ±É é©A
  [gt@CVXeÆµÄÇÌfBXNp[eBVð}Eg·é©
  Æ¢¤ÚªÜÜêéB¼ÌIy[eBOVXeÈçAÇÌp[eB
  V©çN®·é©ªdvÈîñÉÈéB

  3.2.  K

  uë¯v  ±ÌKÍÓµÄs¤±ÆB½©ª¨©µÈÁÄA}X^[u
  [gR[hðä³µÉµÄµÜ¢AVXeªg¦ÈÈé¨»êª[ªÉ
   éBâèÈì®·éXL[fBXNª é©A»êðgÁÄ·é
  û@ðmÁÄ¢éÌ©ðmFµÄÙµ¢Btomsrtbt ÖÌNªºLÉ 
  éB±êÍAí½µàgÁÄ¢éXL[fBXNÅAÇÒÉà¨©ßµ½
  ¢BÅàTdÈû@ÍAóêÄà©ÜíÈ¢}Vðg¤±ÆÅ éB

  tbs[fBXNãÉ lilo ðZbgAbv·é±ÆB»êÉÍAJ[l
  ÈO½àæÁÄ¢ÈÄæ¢B½¾»ÌêAJ[lª init ð[h·é
  Ô¨ÉüÁ½Æ«A"kernel panic" Æ\¦³êéBµ©µAÈÆà lilo
  ªì®µÄ¢é±ÆÍª©éB

  Å«éÈçA³çÉiñÅAtbs[ÅÇ±ÜÅVXeð\zÅ«é©
  µÄÝé±ÆB±êÍ¨»ç Linux ð¢ë¢ëwÔ¤¦ÅÅÇÆÍ¾¦È
  ¢ÜÅàñíÉDê½û@¾ë¤BBootdisk HOWTO (ºLÌ URL ðQÆ)ð©
  ÄÙµ¢BÜ½A tomsrtbt (ºLÌ URL) àèª©èÉÈé¾ë¤B

  lilo ðgÁÄ unios ðN®³¹é±ÆB(``n[hEFA K'' ÌÍÉ
  URL ª é) ³çÈé`WÆµÄtbs[ãÅ»êªÅ«é©âÁÄ
  ÝéÆæ¢B

  u[gvZXð[v³¹é±ÆB}X^[u[gR[hãÌ lilo ð
  gÁÄAÇê©ÐÆÂÌvC}[p[eBVÌu[gZN^ãÉ é
  à¤ÐÆÂÌ lilo ðN®³¹éB»µÄA»Ì lilo É}X^[u[gR
  [hÌ lilo ðN®³¹éæ¤É·éB é¢ÍA}X^[u[gR[hÆ
  4 Â éSÄÌvC}p[eBVðgÁÄA5 _[vðìÁÄÝ
  éB¨àµë¢I

  3.3.  Ql¶£

  o   lilo Ì}jAy[W(man lilo)

  o  lilo ÌpbP[W (lilo
     <ftp://lrcftp.epfl.ch/pub/linux/local/lilo/>) ÉÍA"LILO User's
     Guide" (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/LILO-README/index.html>)ªÜÜê
     Ä¢éB±Ì¶Íà¤ÁÄ¢é©àµêÈ¢B/usr/doc/lilo  ½è
     ðT·±ÆBeLXgÅæèà|XgXNvgÅÌÙ¤ª}\ªt¢Ä
     ¢éÌÅæ¢B (»ÌhLgÉÍAlilo-u-21.ps.gz ©A»êÈã
     Ìo[W¼ªÂ¢Ä¢éB)

  o  tomsrtbt <http://www.toms.net/rb> ÅàN[ÈVOtbs[Ì
     Linux Å éB·Îçµ¢XL[fBXNÉÈéB

  o  The Bootdisk HOWTO
     <http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO/>(ú{ê ó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Bootdisk-HOWTO.html>)B(ó:
     LILO Ì®ìÉÂ¢Ä <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/inside-
     lilo.html> à²¾³¢B)

  4.  Linux J[l

  J[lÍÀÛñíÉ½ÌdðµÄ¢éB»êçÌdÌàeðImÉv
  ñ·éÈçAvO©çÌvðK³©Âø¦IÉn[hEFAÉÀs³
  ¹é±Æ¾ÆvíêéB

  vZbTÍêxÉÐÆÂÌ½ßµ©ÀsÅ«È¢Bµ©µALinux VXe
  Í¯É½ÌìÆð±ÈµÄ¢éæ¤É©¦éBJ[lÍA^XN©ç^
  XNÖÆuÌØèÖ¦(switch)ð·é±ÆÅ±êðÀ»µÄ¢éÌÅ éB
  Ü½J[lÍAÇÌvZXªÀsÂ\ÅAÇÌvZXªn[hfBXN
  ãÌt@CR[hâL[{[h©çÌCvbgÈÇðÒÁÄ¢éÌ©ð
  íÉÄ·é±ÆÅAvZbT¹ðÅåÀÉpµÄ¢éB

  vOªÈÉàµÄ¢È¯êÎARAM ãÉ éKvÍÈ¢BÈÉ©µÄ¢
  ½ÆµÄàA»ÌvOÌàÉÍAÈÉàµÄ¢È¢ªª é©àµ
  êÈ¢BvZX²ÆÌAhXóÔÍAy[W(Æ¢¤PÊ)Éª³êÄ¢
  éBJ[lÍAÇÌvZXÌÇÌy[WªÅàgíêÄ¢é©ðâ¦¸Ä
  µÄ¢éBÙÆñÇgíêÄ¢È¢y[WÍAXbvp[eBVÖÆ
  §¿Þ©¹é±ÆªÅ«éBÄx»êªKvÈÆ«ÍAgíêÄ¢È¢ÊÌy
  [Wðy[WAEg³¹ÄAóÔðmÛ·é±ÆªÂ\Å éB±êð¼zL
  ¯ìÆ¢¤B

  J[lðRpCµ½±Æª éÈçAïÌIÈfoCXÉÖ·éIv
  VªåÊÉ é±ÆÉCt¢½¾ë¤BJ[lÉÍA½í½lÈn[h
  EFAÆÎb·é½ßÉåÊÌïÌIÈR[hªÜÜêÄ¢éB»µÄAv
  P[VvOÉÎµÄÍA®RÆê³ê½û@ÅA»êç(ÖÌA
  NZXèi)ðñ·éB

  J[lÍ¯ÉAt@CVXeAvZXÔÊMA½Ìlbg[N
  vOÈÇàÇµÄ¢éB

  ¢Á½ñ[h³ê½çAJ[lªs¤ÅÌdÍAinit vOÌ
  TmÆ»ÌÀsÅ éB

  4.1.  Ýè

  J[l\[XÌ éêAá¦Î /usr/src/linux É¨¢ÄA make
  menuconfig © make xconfig ðg¢J[lðrh·êÎAÝèÌåª
  ÍI¹·éBrfI[hâ[gt@CVXeAXbvfoCXAÜ
  ½ rdev ðg¦Î RAM ÌTCYÉÂ¢ÄàAftHgÌÝèðÏX·é±
  ÆÍÂ\Å éB±êçÌp[^ÍAlilo ©çJ[lÉn·±Æà
  Å«éB lilo.conf t@CÉ©Alilo vvg©çüÍ·êÎAJ
  [lÉn·×«îñð lilo Éæèª¹é±ÆªÅ«éBá¦ÎAhda2
  ÌãíèÉ hda3 ð[gt@CVXeÆµ½¢ÌÅ êÎAÈºÌæ¤
  É^Cv·êÎæ¢B

          LILO: linux root=/dev/hda3

  \[XR[h©çVXeð\zµÄ¢éêAmVbN(monolithic)È
  J[lðìêÎìÆðP»Å«éB±êÍAW[ð½È¢J[l
  Ì±ÆÅ éB»¤·êÎ\zÌVXeÉJ[lW[ðRs[
  ·éKvªÈÈéB

  ´: System.map t@CÍAJ[lÌOL^vO (kernel
  logger)ªÇÌW[¼ðgÁÄbZ[Wðo·©è·éÛÉgp³
  êéBtop Æ¢¤vOà±Ìt@CÌîñðg¤BJ[lðÚIÌ
  VXeÉRs[·éÆ«ÍASystem.map àêÉRs[·é±ÆB

  4.2.  K

  ÈºÌ±ÆÉÂ¢Äl¦é±Æ: /dev/hda3 ÍAn[hfBXNÌp[eB
  Vð\·ÁÊÈíÞÌt@CÅ éBµ©µA»êÍ¼ÌÊÌt@C
  ÆS¯¶æ¤Ét@CVXeãÉ¶Ý·éBJ[lÍAÜ¾t@C
  VXeð½È¢iKÅAÇÌp[eCVð[gt@CVXe
  ÆµÄ}Eg·é©méKvª éBÅÍAJ[lÍAÇ¤¢¤û@Å}
  Eg·×«p[eBVðË«~ßÄA /dev/hda3 ðÇÝÞÌ©H

  àµÜ¾J[l\zðµ½±ÆªÈ¢ÈçA©ªÌJ[lðrh·é±
  ÆBÂXÌIvVÉÂ¢ÄÌwvîñÉÍSÄÚðÊ·±ÆB

  ÁÙÇ¬³ÈJ[lðìÁÄà®ì·é±ÆðmF·é±ÆBÔáÁ½v
  ¢±ÝðÌÄé±ÆÅA½ðw×éB

  "The Linux Kernel" (URL ÍÈº)ðÇÞ±ÆBÇÝÈªç»±ÅÐî³êÄ
  ¢é\[XR[hÌêðÀÛÉ©Â¯é±ÆB(±Ì¶Ì·MÉ¨¢
  Ä)»±ÅÍAo[W 2.0.33 ÌJ[lªæèã°çêÄ¢éªA»Ì
  o[WÍà¤©ÈèãxêÉÈÁÄ¢éB»Ìo[WÌJ[l
  \[Xð_E[hµÄ©çAR[hÉÚðÊµ½Ù¤ªAÇÝâ·¢¾ë
  ¤B"process" â "page" ÆÄÎêé C ÌR[hQð©·éÌÍÊ¢±
  Æ¾Æv¤B

  nbN¹æI J[lbZ[WÉ½©ðÇÁµÄA»êðoÍÅ«é©Ç
  ¤©mF·é±ÆB

  4.3.  Ql¶£

  o  /usr/src/linux/README Æ /usr/src/linux/Documentation/ ÌÉ é¶
     (VXeÉæÁÄÍAá¤êÉ é©àµêÈ¢)

  o   The Kernel HOWTO <http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html> (ú
     {êó <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Kernel-HOWTO.html>)

  o   make menuconfig â make xconfig ðgÁÄJ[lÝèð·éÌw
     vîñ

  o   The Linux Kernel <http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/tlk/tlk.html> (ú{
     êó <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/The-Linux-Kernel.html>) ¨æ
     Ñ»Ì¼Ì LDP ¶ <http://www.linuxdoc.org/>B

  o  \[XR[hÉÂ¢ÄÍABuilding a Minimal Linux System from Source
     Code <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash> (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Building-Minimal-Linux.html>) Ì
     URL ÌÚð©é±ÆB

  5.  GNU C Cu

  Rs[^ÌN®É¨¢ÄÉN±éoÍAinit vZXª[h³
  êÀs³êéÆ¢¤±ÆÅ éBµ©µAinit ÍA¼ÌÙÆñÇÌvO
  Æ¯lÉCuÌÖðpµÄ¢éB

  ÈºÌæ¤È C vOÌáèðÝ½±Æª é©àµêÈ¢B

          main() {
                  printf("Hello World!\n");
          }

  ±ÌvOÅÍAprintf ªè`³êÄ¢È¢ªA»Ìè`ÍÇ±©ç
  éÌ©H»êÍW C Cu©çA·Èí¿ GNU/Linux VXeãÅ 
  êÎ glibc ©çéBàµ Visual C++ ÅRpCµ½ÈçA¯¶WÖ
  ðÁ½ Microsoft ÌÀ©çéB±Ìæ¤ÈWÖÍAvZA¶
  ñAútAAP[VÈÇlXÈÌæÅA³É¶ÝµÄ¢
  éBLinux ðÜÞ Unix ÌSÄÍAC ¾êÅ©ê½àÌÆAÈñÆ©µÄ C
  Å©ê½æ¤É©¹©¯æ¤Æ·éàÌÌ¢¸ê©ÅoÄ¢éÌÅA·×
  Äª»¤µ½Öðgp·éB

  Linux VXeÌ /lib ð©êÎAlibxxx.so â libxxx.a Æ¢Á½t@C
  ª½³ñ éÌªª©é¾ë¤B»êçÍA±¤µ½ÖÌCuÅ 
  éBglibc ÍA±¤µ½ÖÉÂ¢ÄÌ GNU ÌÀÅ éB

  CuÖðg¤û@ÉÍñíÞ éBÃI(statically) ÉvO
  ÉN·êÎA»¤µ½ÖÍÅ« ªÁ½Àst@CÉRs[³êÄA
  gÝÜêéB®I(dynamically) ÉvOÉN·êÎ(±êªÊ
  Å éª)AvOªÀs³êÄ»ÌCuR[hªKvÉÈÁ½Æ
  «ÉAlibxxx.so ©çÄÑo³êéB

  ÁèÌvOÉÇÌCuªKvÈÌ©²×½¢Æ«ÍAldd R}
  hªðÉ§ÂB½Æ¦ÎAÈºÍ bash ªg¤CuÅ éB

          [greg@Curry power2bash]$ ldd /bin/bash
                  libtermcap.so.2 => /lib/libtermcap.so.2 (0x40019000)
                  libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4001d000)
                  /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)

  5.1.  Ýè

  CuÉ éÖÌ¢Â©ÍA È½ªÇ±ÉZñÅ¢é©ÉË¶µÄ
  ¢éB½Æ¦ÎAI[XgAÈçAútÍ ú//NÆ\L·éªAA
  JÅÍA/ú/NÆ\L·éBglibc ªzz³êéÆ«ÉÍ localedef Æ
  ÄÎêévOªt®µA»êÉæÁÄ±¤µ½±ÆÌÝèªÅ«éæ¤
  ÉÈÁÄ¢éB

  5.2.  K

   È½ÌD«ÈvOªÇñÈCuðgÁÄ¢éÌ©ð ldd Å²
  ×ÄÝé±ÆB

  init ªÇñÈCuðg¤Ì©Aldd Å²×é±ÆB

  ÐÆÂ©Ó½Â¾¯ÌÖªüÁ½¨à¿áÌCuðìé±ÆB»êð
  ìéÉÍAar Æ¢¤vOðg¤Bar Ì man y[WÍAìèûð²×
  éo_ÉÈéB»µÄA»ÌCuðg¤vOð¢ÄARp
  CµÄAN·é±ÆB
  5.3.  Ql¶£

  o  \[XR[hÉÂ¢ÄÍABuilding a Minimal Linux System from Source
     Code <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash> (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Building-Minimal-Linux.html>) Å
     URL ðmF·é±ÆB

  6.  Init

  ±±ÅÍAåªÌ Linux VXeÅgp³êÄ¢é "System V" X^C
  Ì init ÉÂ¢Ä¾¯b·Bá¤X^Cà¶Ý·éBÀÛAD«ÈvO
  ð /sbin/init ÆµÄu¢Ä¨¯ÎAJ[lÍ[hªIíÁ½É»ê
  ðÀs·éB

  SÄÌvOðImÉç¹éÌª init ÌdÅ éBt@CVXe
  ÉâèªÈ¢©mFµA»êð}Eg·éBf[(daemons)vZX
  ðN®·é±ÆÅAVXebZ[WðOÉL^µAlbg[NðÄ
  µAEFuy[WðñµA}EX©çÌMðó¯æÁ½è·éBÜ½A¼
  z[ãÉOCvvgðoÍ·é getty vZXÌN®às¤B

  Àsx(run-level)ÌÏXÉÂ¢ÄÍñíÉ¡GÈÍÈµª éªAå
  ªÍòÎµÄAVXeÌN®ÉÂ¢Ä¾¯à¾µæ¤Æv¤B

  init ÍA/etc/inittab Æ¢¤t@CðÇÝÞB±Ìt@Cª init É
  dÌàeð`¦éBêÊIÉÍA`¦çêéÅÌdÍú»XNvg
  ðç¹é±ÆÅ éB±ÌXNvgðÀs·é( é¢Íðß·é)vO
  ªAbash Å èA±êÍAR}hvvgðoÍ·évOÆ
  ¯êÌàÌ¾BDebian ÌVXeÅÍAú»XNvgÍ
  /etc/init.d/rcS Å èARed Hat ÅÍ /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit Å éB±Ì
  ßöÅAt@CVXeÌØÆ}EgAúÌÝèAXbvXy[X
  ÌÒAzXg¼ÌÝèÈÇªsíêéB

  Éà¤ÐÆÂÌXNvgªÄÑo³êÄAftHgÌÀsxÉVX
  eðÚs³¹éB±êÍêAÌTuVXeªN®³êéÆ¢¤Ó¡Å 
  éB±êÉÖµÄÍAfBNgÌZbgª¶Ý·éBá¦Î Red HatÅ
  ÍA /etc/rc.d/rc0.d, /etc/rc.d/rc1.d, ..., /etc/rc.d/rc6.d Æ¢Á½à
  Ìª èADebian ÅÍA /etc/rc0.d, /etc/rc1.d, ..., /etc/rc6.d ÆÈÁ
  Ä¢éB±êçÌfBNgÍAÀsxÉÎµÄ¢ÄADebian ÌV
  XeÅÀsx 3 ÉÚsµæ¤Æ·éÈçA»ÌXNvgÍ
  /etc/rc3.d É é 'S'(start Ì±Æ) ÅnÜéSÄÌXNvgQðÀs·
  éBÀÛÉÍA±êçÌXNvgQÍAÊí init.d ÆÄÎêéÊÌfB
  NgÉ éXNvgÖÌPÈéNÅ éB

  ±êçÌÀsxÉÖ·éXNvgÍAinit ©çÄÑo³êAfBN
  gàÉ éª¶ª S ÌXNvgðT·B(á¦Î)ÅÉ©Â¯½Ì
  ªAS10syslog Å éÆµæ¤Bt¯çê½ÍÀsxXNvgÉÇ
  ¤¢¤ÔÅÀsµÄ¢©ð`¦éB±ÌP[XÅÍAS00 ... S09 ÅnÜ
  éXNvgªÈ¢ÌÅAS10syslog ªÅÉÀs³êéB½¾A S10syslog
  ÍÀÛÉÍ /etc/init.d/syslog ÖÌNÉ·¬¸AVXeÌOL^v
  O(system logger)ðJnµ½èâ~µ½èµÄ¢éÌÍãÒÌXN
  vgÅ éBN(¼)ª S ÅnÜéÌÅAÀsxXNvgÍ syslog
  XNvgð 'start' Ìp[^ðt¯ÄÀs·×«±ÆðméB»êÉ
  Î·é 'K'(kill Ì±Æ)ÅnÜéNà¶ÝµA»êÉæÁÄÀsx
  ÌÏXÉ½ðÇ¤¢¤ÔÅI¹³¹é©ªwè³êéB

  ftHgÅN®·éTuVXeðÏX·éÉÍArcN.d fBNgÉ 
  é»¤µ½NðÝèµ¼³È¯êÎÈçÈ¢B±±Å N ÆÍA inittab
  ÅÝèµ½ÀsxÌ±ÆÅ éB

  init ªÅãÉs¤dvÈdÍAgetty ð¢Â©N®·é±ÆÅ éBÞ
  çÍA"½xÅà¶«Ôé(respawned)" ÝèÉÈÁÄ¢éBÂÜèAàµ~
  ÜÁÄà init ªÜ½»êçðÄN®³¹éÌÅ éBåªÌfBXg
  r[VÍ 6 ÂÌ¼z[ðpÓ·éBðßñ·é½ßÉ»Ì
  ðÈµ½¢©àµêÈ¢µA½³ñç¹Ä¨¢ÄKvÈÆ«É·Îâ
  g¤½ßA»Ìðâµ½¢©àµêÈ¢BÜ½A¶[©fÅÌ
  ÊMpÉ getty ðÐÆÂ¾¯Àsµ½¢Ì©àµêÈ¢B»¤µ½êÍA
  inittab t@CðÒW·éKvª¶¶éB

  6.1.  Ýè

  /etc/inittab ÍAinit ÌgbvxÌÝèt@CÅ éB

  rcN.d fBNgÉ¨¢ÄAN ÉÍ 1 ©ç 6 ÜÅÌªüéªA»êç
  ÌfBNg(Ìàe)ªAN®³êéTuVXeðßÄ¢éB

  init ©çÄÑo³êé éXNvgÌàÅAmount -a R}hªÀs³
  êéB±êÍA}Eg³êéæ¤èßçê½SÄÌt@CVXeð}E
  g·é±ÆðÓ¡·éB½ª}Eg³êé×«©ÍA/etc/fstab t@C
  ÅèßçêÄ¢éBVXeN®ÉÈÉðÇ±É}Eg·é©ðÏXµ
  ½¢ÈçAÒW·×«t@CÍ±êÅ éBfstab Ì man y[Wª éÌ
  ÅÝÄÙµ¢B

  6.2.  K

  VXeÌftHgÀsxÉ·é rcN.d fBNgð©Â¯
  ÄA»±Å ls -l ÆÅÂ±ÆÅt@CªÇ±ÉN³êÄ¢é©ðð
  ·é±ÆB

  VXeãÅÀsµÄ¢é getty ÌðÏX·é±ÆB

  svÈTuVXeðftHgÀsx©çæè±ÆB

  ÙÆñÇÈÉàÈ¢óÔ©çÅàX^[gÅ«é±ÆðmF·é±ÆB

  tbs[fBXNãÉAlilo ÆJ[lð\zµA³çÉÃIÉN³
  ê½¨à¿áÌvO("hello world program")ðu¢ÄA»êª
  /sbin/init ©çÄÑo³êéæ¤ÉÝèµÄ¨±ÆB»ÌfBXNªN®
  µÄAvOÌÀsÊª\¦³êéÌðmF·é±ÆB

  VXeªN®·éÆ«ÌæÊðÓ[Ï@µAN«Ä¢é¿ÉÂ¢Ä
  ðÆé±ÆB é¢ÍA/var/log/messages É éVXeOÌN®©
  çÌªðvg·é±ÆBÉAinittab t@Cðo_ÉµÄ·×Ä
  ÌXNvgÉÚðÊµAÇÌR[hª½ðµÄ¢é©ð·é±ÆBÜ½A
  ÈºÌæ¤É«ÞÆAoéÍ¸ÌÈ¢X^[gAbvbZ[Wðt¯Á
  ¦é±ÆªÅ«éB

          echo "Hello, I am rc.sysinit"

  ±êÍ bash ðgÁ½VFXNvgÌæ¢ûKÉàÈéBXNvgÌ¢
  Â©ÍñíÉ¡GÅ éBÇÅ«½nfBÈ bash Ìt@Xub
  Nðè³Éu¢Ä¨±¤B

  6.3.  Ql¶£

  o  inittab Æ fstab t@CÉÍ}jAy[Wª éBVFæÊÅ
     man inittab Æ^CvµÄA»êð©é±ÆB

  o  "The Linux System Administrators Guide" Ì init ÉÖ·éÍÍæ
     ©êÄ¢éB±± <http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/sag/index.html>ÅÇß
     éB

  o  \[XR[hÉÂ¢ÄÍABuilding Minimal Linux System from Source
     Code <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash> (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Building-Minimal-Linux.html>)Å
     URL ðmF·é±ÆB

  o  (ó)JF ¶É uRg©çÇÞ Linux J[lv
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/readkernel.html>ª èÜ·BLinux
     ÌN®ÉÖµAÚ×Éðà³êÄ¢Ü·B

  7.  t@CVXe

  ±ÌÍÅÍAut@CVXevÆ¢¤¾tðÓ½ÂÌáÁ½Ó¡Ågp·
  éBfBXNp[eBVâ»Ì¼ÌfoCXãÌt@CVXeªÐÆ
  ÂA Linux VXeðç¹é±ÆÅñ¦³êét@CVXeªÐÆÂ
  Å éB Linux ÅÍAfBXNÌt@CVXeðVXeÌt@CV
  XeãÉ}Eg(mount)µÄ¢éB

  OÍÅÍAinit XNvgªt@CVXeð`FbNµÄ}Eg·é
  Æq×½B±êðÀs·éR}hÍA»ê¼ê fsck Æ mount Å éB

  n[hfBXNÍ 1 Æ 0 ð«ßéåÈóÔÉ·¬È¢Bt@CVX
  eª»êÉ©½¿(structure)ð^¦AfBNg\¢ðàÁ½t@C
  QÉ©¦éæ¤ÉµÄ¢éBÂXÌt@CÍAi-node ÉæÁÄ\í³ê
  éBi-node ÍANÌt@C©A¢Âìçê½Ì©At@CÌgÍÇ±
  É éÌ©Æ¢Á½îñð`¦éBfBNgà i-node Å\»³êÄ¢é
  ªA»Ì i-node ÍAYfBNgÉ ét@CÌ i-node ªÇ±É 
  é©Æ¢¤îñµ©`¦È¢BVXeª /home/greg/bigboobs.jpg Æ¢¤
  t@CðÇÝà¤Æ·éÆAÜ¸ÅÉ[gfBNgÅ é / Ì
  i-node ðuX[p[ubN(super block)v©çTµ¾·BÉfBNg
   home Ì i-node ð / ÌàeÌÈ©©çT·B»µÄAfBNg greg
  ð /home Ìàe©ç©Â¯¾µÄA³çÉ bigboobs.jpg Ì i-node ð©Â
  ¯éB»¤µÄA»Ì i-node ªVXeÉÇÌfBXNubNðÇßÎ¢
  ¢©ð³¦éí¯Å éB

  t@CÌöÉf[^ðt¯Á¦½êAVµ¢ubNª»Ìt@CÌ
  êÅ éÆ`BÅ«éóÔÉ·é½ßAi-node ÌXVªÈ³êéBµ©
  µA»ÌXVªÈ³êéOÉAf[^ª«ÜêÄµÜ¤±Æª éµA»
  Ìtà éBàµ»Ì_Åd¹ª¿éÆAt@CVXeÍ®«ð¸
  ¤Bfsck ªoµâCµæ¤Æ·éÌÍA±ÌíÌ¿Å éB

  }EgR}hÍfoCXãÌt@CVXeðc¬µAVXeðp
  ·éÉÚÉ·éæ¤Èt@CÌKw\¢(hierarchy)É»êðt¯Á¦
  éBJ[lÍAÊí[gt@CVXeðÇÝÝêp(read-only)Å
  }Eg·éB}EgR}hÍAfsck Ì¸ÅâèÌÈ¢±Æªª©Á
  Ä©ç»êðÇÝ«p(read-write)Å}Egµ¼·B
  Linux Í¼ÌíÞÌt@CVXeàT|[gµÄ¢éBmsdos,
  vfat,minix ÈÇÅ éBïÌIÈt@CVXeÔÅÌæXÌáÍA¼
  zt@CVXe(VFS)ÉæÁÄÛ»³êéB±±ÅÍ»ÌÚ×ÉÂ¢Ä
  ÍGêÈ¢B»êÉÂ¢ÄÌðàÍ "The Linux Kernel" Ì¶É 
  éB(``Linux J[l'' ÌÍÉ URL ª éÌÅ»±Å©ÄÙµ¢B)

  ³çÉA/proc ÉÍ®SÉíÞÌÙÈét@CVXeª}Eg³êÄ¢
  éB±êÍAJ[làÌóµðÀÉ\·àÌÅ éB»±ÉÍAVXe
  ãÌvZX²ÆÉfBNgª èAfBNg¼ÆµÄvZXÔ
  ªt¯çêÄ¢éBÜ½A/proc ÉÍ interrupts â meminfo Æ¢Á½t@
  Cà èA»±ÉÍn[hEFAÌpîñª©êÄ¢éB/proc ðÚµ
  ²×êÎA½ðwÔ±ÆªÅ«éB

  7.1.  Ýè

  ext2 t@CVXeðìé mke2fs Æ¢¤R}hÉÍ¡Ìp[^
  ª éB»êðg¦ÎAubNÌTCYâ i-node ÌÈÇðÝèÅ«éB
  Ú×ÍAmke2fs Ì}jAy[Wð²×ÄÙµ¢B

  t@CVXeãÌÇ±É½ª}Eg³êé©ÍA/etc/fstab ÅÇ³
  êÄ¢éB±Ìt@CÌ}jAy[Wà éB

  7.2.  K

  ñíÉ¬³Èt@CVXeðìÁÄAhex r[Å©ÄÝé±ÆB i-
  node â X[p[ubNAt@CÌgªÇêÈÌ©©ª¯é±ÆB

  t@CVXeðOtBJÉ©é±ÆªÅ«éc[ª éÍ¸¾Æv
  ¤B»êð©Â¯ÄµÄÝ½çA»Ì URL ÆgÁ½´zðí½µÉ[
  Å³¦ÄÙµ¢B(ó: xcruise <http://tanaka-
  www.cs.titech.ac.jp/%7Eeuske/prog/> Æ¢¤Ìª èÜ·B)

  J[lÌ ext2 t@CVXeÌR[hð`FbN·é±ÆB

  7.3.  Ql¶£

  o  LDP Ì¶Å é The Linux Kernel
     <http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/tlk/tlk.html> ÌæãÍ (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/The-Linux-Kernel-10.html>)ÉÍA
     t@CVXeÉÖ·éDê½Lqª éBI[XgAÌ LDP É»
     Ì¶ª éB mirror <http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/linux/LDP/LDP/>

  o   mount R}hÍ util-linux pbP[WÌêÅ èA±êÉÖ·é
     Nª Building a Minimal Linux System from Source Code
     <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash> (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Building-Minimal-Linux.html>)©ç
     ½ÇêéB

  o  ÌR}hÌ}jAy[W
     mount, fstab, fsck, mke2fs ¨æÑA procB

  o  Linux J[lÌ\[XR[hÉ é Documentation/proc.txt t@C
     (ú{êó <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/kernel-
     docs-2.2/proc.txt.html>)ÉA/proc t@CVXeÉÂ¢ÄÌà¾ª
      éB

  o  EXT2 t@CVXeÌ[eBeBÉÖ·éz[y[WÍ±¿ç
     <http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/e2fsprogs.html>
     I[XgAÌ~[Í±¿ç
     <ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/linux/
     metalab/system/filesystems/ext2/>

     Ext2fs-overview Æ¢¤hLgà»±É éªAîñªÃA "The
     Linux Kernel" ÌæãÍÙÇÍÇÝâ·È¢B

  o   Unix File System Standard
     <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd/>
     ãLÈOÌ Unix File System Standard ÖÌNÍ±±
     <http://www.pathname.com/fhs/>
     (ó: 14.2 ÅÌ Filesystem Hierarchy Standard(FHS) Æ¢¤¶£Íã
     LÉ èÜ·)

     ãLÅÍAUnix Ìt@CVXeÅ½ªN±ÁÄ¢ÄAÈº»¤ÈÌ©
     ªq×çêÄ¢éBÜ½A/bin, /sbin ÈÇÉÅáÀxüêÄ¨×«à
     eÉÂ¢Ä©êÄ¢éBàµ©ªÅÅ¬¾ª®SÈVXeð\zµæ
     ¤ÆµÄ¢éÈçA±êÍÆÄàQlÉÈéB

  8.  J[lf[

  ps aux R}hðÀs·éÆAÈºÉ¦·æ¤ÈàÌª»êéB

  USER      PID %CPU %MEM  SIZE   RSS TTY STAT START   TIME COMMAND
  root        1  0.1  8.0  1284   536   ? S    07:37   0:04 init [2]
  root        2  0.0  0.0     0     0   ? SW   07:37   0:00 (kflushd)
  root        3  0.0  0.0     0     0   ? SW   07:37   0:00 (kupdate)
  root        4  0.0  0.0     0     0   ? SW   07:37   0:00 (kpiod)
  root        5  0.0  0.0     0     0   ? SW   07:37   0:00 (kswapd)
  root       52  0.0 10.7  1552   716   ? S    07:38   0:01 syslogd -m 0
  root       54  0.0  7.1  1276   480   ? S    07:38   0:00 klogd
  root       56  0.3 17.3  2232  1156   1 S    07:38   0:13 -bash
  root       57  0.0  7.1  1272   480   2 S    07:38   0:01 /sbin/agetty 38400 tt
  root       64  0.1  7.2  1272   484  S1 S    08:16   0:01 /sbin/agetty -L ttyS1
  root       70  0.0 10.6  1472   708   1 R   Sep 11   0:01 ps aux

  ãLÍVXeãÅ®¢Ä¢évZXÌXgÅ éB±êçÌîñÍAO
  ÍÅà¾µ½ /proc t@CVXe©çæ¾³êéBinit ÌvZX ID
  ª 1 Å é±ÆÉÓµÄÙµ¢BvZX ID Ì 2,3,4 Æ 5 ÍA»ê¼
  ê kflushd, kupdate, kpiod, »µÄ kswapd Å éBµ©µ±êÉÍïÈ
  _ª éB¼zXg[WTCY(SIZE)ÆAXg[WTCY(RSS)Ìs
  ÉÚ·éÆA±êçÌvZXÌTCYÍ[ÆÈÁÄ¢éBvZXª
  ðÁïµÈ¢±ÆªN±è¤é¾ë¤©H

  ±êçÌvZXÍAJ[lf[Å éBJ[lÌåªÍvZX
  XgÉÍ»êÈ¢ÌÅA»êçªÁï·éÌÊðèo·ÉÍAVX
  eÌÊ©çpÂ\ÈÊðø¢ÄvZ·éµ©È¢BJ[l
  f[ÍA init ÌãÅN®³êé½ßAÊíÌvZXÆ¯lÉvZ
  XÔðÂBµ©µA»êçÌR[hÆf[^ÍAJ[lpÌÌæ
  Éu©êéB

  ãLÌ\ÅÍ COMMAND ÌsÉÛJbRªÂ¢Ä¢éGgª éªA±ê
  ÍA/proc t@CVXeÉA»êçÌvZXÌR}hCîñªÜ
  ÜêÄ¢È¢©çÅ éB
  ÅÍAJ[lf[Í½Ì½ßÉ éÌ©H í½µÍJ[lf[
  ÉÂ¢ÄÙÆñÇmçÈ©Á½ÌÅA¡ñÌüùÅðo·ÜÅA»Ì_ÉÖ
  µA±Ì¶ÅÍÇÒ©çÌ³¦ð¿¤Ä¢½BÈºÌfÐIÈà¾ÍAÇÒ
  ©çÌlXÈÔðÂÈ¬í¹½àÌÅ èA^âÉ¦Äê½ÐÆ½¿
  ÉÍñíÉ´ÓµÄ¢éBæèÚµ¢èª©èâQÆæA±Ì¶Ìù³ÈÇà
  ø«±«½}µÄ¢éB

  üÍÆoÍÍAàÌ buffers oRÅsíêéBÀs¬xðã°é½ß
  Å éBvOÌoÍÍêUÉAÂÜèobt@É~¦çêA»Ì
  ãÅæèÀ¿ÅåeÊðÀ»Å«éfBXNÉ«ÜêéBkflushd Æ
  kupdate f[ÍA±ÌðSµÄ¢éBkupdate ÍAèúIÉ(5 b
  ²ÆÉH)«Üê½obt@(dirty buffer)ªÈ¢©`FbN·éB»¤
  µ½obt@ª éêAkflushd ðÄÑoµÄA»êðfBXNÉ«Ü
  ¹éB

  vZXÍA½àµÄ¢È¢óÔÉÈé±ÆªµÎµÎ èAÀsÌvZ
  XÆ¢¦Çà»ÌR[hÆf[^SðàÉuKvª éí¯ÅÍÈ
  ¢B·Èí¿±êÍAÀsÌvZXÌgp³êÄ¢È¢ªðAn[h
  fBXNÌXbvp[eBVÉÚ·±ÆÅAðLøpÅ«é±
  ÆðÓ¡·éBKvÉ¶Ä»¤µ½f[^ð©çoµüê·é
  ÍAkpiod Æ kswapd ÉæÁÄsíêéBÙÚbAkswapd ªN®µA
  ÌóÔð`FbN·éB»µÄAfBXNÉ«o³ê½îñðÉß
  ·Kvª Á½èAó«ÌÊªs«µÄ¢½è·éêAkpiod ªÄÑ
  o³êéB

  Ü½AJ[lÉÈdÍ@\ðgÝñÅ¢éêÍAVXeãÅ kapmd
  f[ªÁÄ¢é©àµêÈ¢B

  8.1.  Ýè

  update vOðg¦ÎAkflushd Æ kswapd ðÝè·é±ÆªÅ«éB
  R}h update -h ðg¦ÎÚµ¢îñª\¦³êéB

  XbvóÔÍAswapon R}hÅLøÉÈèAswapoff R}hÅ³øÉ
  ÈéBú»XNvg(/etc/rc.sysinit àµÍ
  /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit)ÍAÊíAVXeN®É swapon ðÄÑo
  ·Bswapoff ÍAbvgbvãÅÌÁïdÍßñÌ½ßÉLøÅ é»¤
  ¾B

  8.2.  K

  update -d ÆÅ¿A\¦³ê½sÌÅãÉuZíobt@EµÌè
  l(threshold for buffer fratricide)vÆ©êÄ¢é±ÆÉÚ¹æBÊ
  »¤ÈTOÅ éB²×ÄÝæ¤I

  /proc/sys/vm fBNgÉs«A»±É ét@CÌàeð cat ÅoÍ
  µAoÍÊð©é±ÆB

  8.3.  Ql¶£

  Linux Documentation Project Ì "The Linux Kernel" ( URL ÉÂ¢Ä
  ÍA``±±''ð©é±ÆB)

  EC éÇÒÍALinux J[lÌ\[XR[hðÇÞ±ÆB kswapd ÌR[
  hÍAlinux/mm/vmscan.c É èA kflushd Æ kupdate ÌR[hÍ
  linux/fs/buffer.c É éB

  9.  VXeÌOL^

  init ÍAsyslogd Æ klogd ðX^[g³¹éB»êçÍAbZ[WðO
  É«æéBJ[lÌbZ[WÍAklogd ª«æèAsyslogd ÍA»Ì
  ¼ÌvZXÌbZ[Wðµ¤BåvÈOÍA/var/log/messages É 
  éBVXeÌ²qª«¢Æ«A±ÌOðÌ¼Ææ¢B±±ÉÍædv
  Èèª©èª éB

  9.1.  Ýè

  /etc/syslog.conf t@CÍAOvOÉÎµÄAÇ¤¢¤bZ[
  WðÇ±ÉoÍ·é©ð`¦éBbZ[WÍAÇÌT[rX©ççê½Ì
  ©AÇÌvCIeBxÉ»êçª éÌ©Æ¢¤±ÆÉæÁÄ¯Ê³
  êéB±ÌÝèt@CÍAsPÊÉ\¬³êÄ¢ÄA»±ÉÍAT[rX x
  ªAvCIeB y ÅAbZ[Wð z ÉoÍ·éÆ¢¤±Æª©êÄ
  ¢éB±±ÅÌ z ÉÍAt@Câ tty âv^A[gzXgª 
  éB

  ÓFsyslog ÍA/etc/services t@CÌ¶ÝðKvÆ·éB±Ì
  services Æ¢¤t@CÉÍ|[g(port)ÌèÄÌ±Æª©êÄ¢
  éBsyslog ª|[gÌèÄðméKvª éÌÍA[gOðæé
  ½ßÈÌ©A»êÆà[JOðæéÆ«Éà|[gðoRµÄ¢éÌ
  ©A é¢ÍA/etc/services Í /etc/syslog.conf ÉLq³ê½T[rX¼
  ð|[gÔÉÏ··é½ßÉ¾¯gíêéÌ©ÍAí½µÉÍæª©çÈ
  ¢B

  9.2.  K

  ©ªÌVXeÌOð©é±ÆBðÅ«È¢ªðTµÄA»ÌÓ¡ð²
  ×é±ÆB

  SÄÌObZ[Wð[É\¦³¹é±ÆB(»êªIíÁ½çA³Éß
  ·±Æ)

  9.3.  Ql¶£

  I[XgAÌ syslogd Ì Mirror
  <http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/linux/metalab/system/daemons/> (ó
  :±¿ç <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/daemons>Éà èÜ
  ·)

  10.  Getty Æ login

  getty ÆÍA¼z[âeLXg[ é¢ÍfÆ¢Á½VAfoC
  XoRÅOC·é½ßÉKvÈvOÅ éB»êªOCv
  vgð\¦·éB[U¼ðÅ¿ÞÆAgetty Í»êð login ÉènµA
  »ÌvOªpX[hðqËA»êð`FbNµ½ãÅA[UªVF
  ðg¦éæ¤É·éB

  ½Ì getty vOªüèÂ\Å éBRed Hat ðÜÞ¢Â©ÌfB
  Xgr[VÍA¼z[¾¯Å®ì·é mingetty ÆÄÎêéñíÉ
  ¬³ÈvOðgÁÄ¢éB

  login vOÍAutil-linux pbP[WÌêÅA»ÌpbP[WÉ
  Íagetty ÆÄÎêéõKÉ® getty ÌêíªÜÜêÄ¢éB»ÌpbP[
  WÉÍAÜ½ mkswap, fdisk, passwd, kill, setterm, mount, swapon,
  rdev, renice, more ÈÇÈÇªÜÜêÄ¢éB

  10.1.  Ýè

  OCvvgÆêÉæÊãÉ\¦³êébZ[WÍA/etc/issue
  ©çÄ¢éBgetty ÍAÊí /etc/inittab ©çN®³êéBlogin
  ÍA/etc/passwd Å[UÌÚ×ð`FbN·éªAVh[pX[hð
  gÁÄ¢éêÍA/etc/shadow ð`FbN·éB

  10.2.  K

  /etc/passwd t@Cð©ªÌèÅìé±ÆBpX[hªÍ³µ(null)
  ÉµÄ¨¢ÄAOIµÄ©ç passwd vOÅ«·¦Äàæ¢B»
  Ì}jAy[Wð©é±ÆB»ÌÛApasswd vOÌ}jAy
  [WÅÍÈA»Ìt@CÉÂ¢ÄÌ}jAÅ é man 5 passwd ðg
  ¤±ÆB

  11.  Bash

  login ÉLøÈ[U¼ÆpX[hÌgÝí¹ðé
  ÆAloginÍA/etc/passwd ð`FbNµAÇÌVFðN®·×«©mF·
  éB Linux VXeÅÍÙÆñÇÌêA»êÍ bash Å éBbash Ìd
  Í[UÌR}hðÇÝñÅA©ªÌvZXãÅ»ÌR}hªÀs³
  êéÌðmF·é±ÆÅ éBbash ÍA[UC^[tFCXÅ éÆ¯
  ÉvO~O¾êÌC^[v^Åà éB

  [UC^[tFCXÆµÄ©½êAbash ÍAÜ¸R}hðÇÝ
  ÝAÉAàµ»ÌR}hª cd Ìæ¤ÈuàR}h (internal
  command)vÅ éÈçA©ªÅ»êðÀsµAcp â startx Ìæ¤ÈuO
  R}h(external command)vÅ éÈç»ÌvOðTµoµÄÀs·
  éBÜ½ bash ÍAR}hqXg[ÌL¯ât@C¼Ìâ®ÈÇÌDê
  ½@\àÁÄ¢éB

  bash ªvO¾êÌC^[v^ÆµÄ¢Ä¢é±ÆÍùÉ©½B
  init ªVXeN®Ì½ßÉÀs·éXNvgÍÊíVFXNvgÅ
   èA»êçÌXNvgÍ bash ÉæÁÄÀs³êÄ¢éBKØÈvO
  ¾êÆR}hCÅpÅ«éÊÌVXe[eBeBª èA
  »êðgÁÄ©ªÌµÄ¢é±Æð©oÅ«éöxÌm¯ª êÎA»ÌgÝ
  í¹©çå«ÈÍðø«o¹éBá¦ÎA(±êÍ©È«É·¬È¢©à
  µêÈ¢Ì¾ªA) í½µÍæú\[XR[hÌfBNgÉåÊÌpb`
  ðÄéKvª¶¶½Bµ©µAí½µÍ»êðÈºÌæ¤ÈêsÌR}h
  Åðµ½B

  for f in /home/greg/sh-utils-1.16*.patch; do patch -p0 < $f; done;

  ±ÌR}hÍAí½µÌz[fBNgÉ ét@CÌ¤¿At@C
  ¼ª sh-utils-1.16 ÅnÜè .patch ÅIíéàÌ·×ÄðÎÛÆµÄF
  ¯·éB»µÄA»êçðÐÆÂ¸ÂÔÉæèã°ÄAÏ f ðZbg
  µAdo Æ done ÌÔÉ éR}hðÀs·éB±ÌP[XÅÍA11 Ìpb
  `t@CÅ Á½ªA½Æ¦»êª 3000 Â Á½ÆµÄà¯¶æ¤ÉÈP
  É³êÄ¢½Í¸Å éB

  11.1.  Ýè

  /etc/profile Æ¢¤t@CªAVXeSÌÉ¨¯é bash ÌUé¢ð
  Rg[µÄ¢éB»±É½©ðÁ¦½Æ·éÆA»êÍVXeãÅ
  bash ðg¤SõÉe¿ðyÚ·B»Ìt@CÅÍA(Â«Ï) PATH ÖÌ
  fBNgÌÇÁâAMAIL fBNgÌÏÌÝèÈÇªÈ³êéB

  L[{[hÌftHgÝèÍAµÎµÎ«Ì¢àÌÉÈÁÄ¢È¢±Æ
  ª½¢B»êðÀÛÉð·éÌªAreadline Å éBreadline ÍAR}
  hCÌC^[tFCXðS·é(bash ÆÍ)ÊÌpbP[WÉÈÁÄ
  ¢évOÅA¢Â©ÌæiIÈCÒW@\ðÂÌÍà¿ëñA
  R}hðât@C¼â®Æ¢Á½@\ðñ·éB readline ÍAR
  pCÉ bash ÉgÝÜêéBftHgÅÍAreadline Íz[fB
  NgÌ .inputrc t@CðgÁÄÝè·éæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢éBbash Ì
  ÏÅ é INPUTRC ðgÁÄ bash pÉ±ÌÝèt@Cðã«·é±Æ
  àÅ«éBá¦Î Red Hat 6 ÅÍA/etc/profile É¨¢Ä INPUTRC Í
  /etc/inputrc ðã«·éæ¤Ýè³êÄ¢éB±êÍAobNXy[Xâ
  f[gA é¢Íz[L[âGhL[ªNÉÆÁÄàãèæ¤É
  ·é½ßÅ éB

  bash ÍVXeSÌÌÝèt@CðÇÝIíéÆA¡xÍÂlpÝèt@
  CðTµAz[fBNgÉ é .bash_profile,
  .bash_login,.profile ð`FbN·éB»µÄ±ÌÔÅÅÉ©Â¯½
  t@CðÀs·éBàµ¼lÌ bash ÌUé¢ðÏX¹¸É©ªÌàÌ¾
  ¯ðÏ¦½¢ÌÅ êÎA±±ðÒW·êÎæ¢Bá¦ÎA½ÌAvP[
  VÍ®ìû@ðRg[·éÌÉÂ«ÏðgÁÄ¢éBí½µÍ
  Midnight Commander(Dê½R\[x[XÌt@C}l[W)ÅgÝ
  ÝÌGfB^ÅÍÈ vi ðg¦éæ¤É·é½ßÉAÏ EDITOR ð vi É
  ZbgµÄ¢éB

  11.2.  K

  bash ÌîbÍÈPÉw×éBµ©µA»±ÅIíçÈ¢±ÆB»êÍM¶ç
  êÈ¢ç¢ª[¢©çÅ éBæèÇ¢âèûªÈ¢©²×éÈðÂ¯é
  ±ÆB

  VFXNvgðÇñÅAðÅ«È¢ªð²×é±ÆB

  11.3.  Ql¶£

  o  \[XÉÍ "Bash Reference Manual" ªYt³êÄ¢éB±êÍª©èÕ
     ¢ªASÇÞÌÍåÏÅ éB

  o  O'Reilly ©ç bash ÉÖ·é{ªoÄ¢éªA¢¢{©Ç¤©ÍmçÈ
     ¢B

  o  ¼Éà bash ÉÖ·ét[ÅVµ¢üåª é©Ç¤©mçÈ¢Bä
     ¶mÈçA[Å URL ð³¦ÄÙµ¢B

  o  \[XR[hÉÂ¢ÄÍABuilding a Minimal Linux System from Source
     Code <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash> (ú{êó
     <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Building-Minimal-Linux.html>)Å
     URL ðmF·é±ÆB

  12.  R}h

  bash ©ç cp Ìæ¤ÈR}hðÀs·é±ÆÅAåªÌìÆÍÏñÅµ
  Ü¤Bcd Ìæ¤ÉVFÉgÝÜê½¢Â©ÌR}hðÆA»ê
  çÌR}hÌÙÆñÇÍA¬³ÈvOÅ éB

  R}hÍpbP[WÅzz³êéªA±êçÌÙÆñÇÍ Free Software
  Fundation ( é¢ÍAGNU) ©çÌàÌÅ éB±±Å»ÌpbP[Wð¦
  ã°éæèàAí½µÍ Linux From Scratch  HOWTO
  <http://www.linuxfromscratch.org> ð©é±Æð¨Eßµ½¢B±ÌTCg
  ÅÍALinux VXeÉgÝüêçêépbP[WÌ®SÅÅVÌXgª 
  èA¯É»Ì\zÌdûàà¾³êÄ¢éB

  13.  _

  Linux ÌÅåÌ·ÍA©ÅÍAàð`¢ÄASÌªÇ¤®¢Ä¢é©²
  ×çêé±Æ¾Bí½µÆ¯¶ç¢AÇÒà»êðyµñÅêêÎÆv
  ¤B»µÄA±Ì¶ªA»êð·éÇÒÌêÆÈé±Æðè¤B

  14.  Administrivia

  14.1.  Copyright

  ±Ì¶Ìì F Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 Greg O'Keefe.

  ±Ì¶ÌpAzzAC³ÍAÌCZXÌðÉ]¤Àè³¿Å·B
  GNU General Public Licence <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>
  ¼Ì¶É¨¢Ä±Ì¶ÌSÌàµÍªðp·éÆ«ÍAÒÜÅA
  è¢Ü·B

  14.2.  z[y[W

  ±Ì¶ÌÅVo[WÍA±¿çÉÅ·B From Powerup To Bash Prompt
  <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash>
  È¨At®¶ÆµÄA"Building a Minimal Linux System from Source
  Code" à¯¶êÉ èÜ·B

  Dominique van den Broeck ÉæétXêóªAÈºÉ èÜ·B
  From Powerup To Bash Prompt
  <http://www.freenix.fr/unix/linux/HOWTO/From-PowerUp-To-Bash-Prompt-
  HOWTO.html>

  Yuji Senda Éæéú{êÅªAJapanese Documentation and FAQ Project
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF> É èÜ·BÈ¢êÍAà¤·®oêÅ·B

  14.3.  tB[hobN

  ÇÒÌRgAá»AüPÂ¢ÄÌñÄÈÇ½ÈèÆ·©¹Ä¾³¢B

  Greg O'Keefe gcokeefe@postoffice.utas.edu.au

  14.4.  Acknowledgements

  »i¼Í»ê¼êÌ ÒÌo^¤WÅ·B

  ±Ì¶ðÂéÉ ½ÁÄA¨¢bÉÈÁ½½làÌûª¢éÌÅA±±É
  ´ÓÌ±ÆÎðq×½¢Æv¢Ü·B

     Michael Emery
        unios Ì±Æðv¢o³¹Äê½B

     Tim Little
        /etc/passwd ÉÖ·é¢Â©Ìæ¢èª©èð^¦Äê½B

     sPaKr on #linux in efnet
        syslogd ª /etc/services ðKvÆ·é±ÆðwEµA¯É
        "rolling your own" Æ¢¤¾tª\[X©çVXeðìé±Æðw
        ·Ì¾Æ³¦Äê½B

     Alex Aitkin
        Vico Æ "verum ipsum factum" ªuðÍÂé±Æ©ç¶Üêév
        Æ¢¤Ó¡Å é±Æðmç¹Äê½B

     Dennis Scott
        í½µÌ 16 iÌvZÌÔá¢ðwEµÄê½B

     jdd
        ëAðwEµÄê½B

     David Leadbeater
        J[lf[ÉÂ¢ÄÌuç·ÈLqvðÁÄê½B

     Dominique van den Broeck
        ±Ì¶ðtXêÉ|óµÄê½B

     Matthieu Peeters
        J[lf[ÉÖ·éMdÈîñðñµÄê½B

     John Fremlin
        J[lf[ÉÖ·éMdÈîñðñµÄê½B

     Yuji Senda
        ú{êÖÌ|óB

     Antonius de Rozari
        UNIOS Ì GNU AZuo[WðñµÄê½B (Ú×ÍAí
        ½µÌz[y[WÌ resources ZNVð©Ä~µ¢B)

  14.5.  üùð

  14.5.1.  0.8 -> 0.9 (November 2000)

  o  J[lf[Æ /proc t@CVXeÉÖ·é Matthieu Peeters
     ©çÌîñðgÝñ¾B

  14.5.2.  0.7 -> 0.8 (September 2000)

  o  VXe\zÉÖ·éèø«ÌªðíµÄAÊ¶Æµ½B¢Â©
     ÌNðC³µ½B

  o  z[y[Wð learning@TasLUG
     <http://learning.taslug.org.au/power2bash> ©çí½µ©gÌy[W
     <http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash> ÉÚ®µ½B

  o  lXÈÐÆ©çmç¹ÄàçÁ½A½Ìîñðt¯Á¦é±ÆÉÍ®S
     É¸sµ½B¨»çAÌÅÉÈéÆv¤ :(

  14.5.3.  0.6 -> 0.7

  o  VXe\z@æèàVXeÌà¾Éd_ð¨¢½BÍ²ÆÉîñðÜ
     ÆßAVXe\zÍªÊð¸çµAÀpIÈ\zÉÖµÄÍAGerard
     Beekmans Ì "Linux From Scratch" ð©Äàç¤æ¤Éµ½B

  o  David Leadbeater Ìç·Èñeðt¯Á¦½B

  o  ¢Â©Ì URL ðC³µAlearning.taslug.org.au/resources ©ç
     unios ð_E[hÅ«éæ¤ÉNðt¯«µ½B

  o  URL ÌNØêð²×ÄAù³µ½B

  o  SÌIÉCgµÄA®Úµ½B

  14.5.4.  0.5 -> 0.6

  o  üùððt¯Á¦½B

  o  TODO ÌÚð¢Â©âµ½B

  14.6.  TODO

  o  J[lW[Adepmod,modprobe,insmod ÈÇðà¾·é±ÆB

  o  /proc t@CVXeÉ¾yµAÅ«êÎAKàt¯é±ÆB

  o  docbook Ì sgml `®ÉÏX·é±Æ

  o  àÁÆKðâ·±ÆBÅÌCXg[©çt@CðÐÆÂ¸Â
     íµÄÅ¬ÀxÌVXeðÂéÆ¢Á½æ¤ÈAàÁÆèÌñ¾
     KðÂÁÄêÍðÆ¢Á½æ¤È±ÆB

  o  bash ðrh·éÛÌ makefile ÌnbNÌû@ðt¯Á¦é±ÆB -
     easter notes ð©Ä~µ¢B

  14.7.  ú{êóÉÂ¢Ä

  |ó: çU Ti

  Z³: RX _K
        ä Lõ
        ²ì r
        ì Î