Sophie: howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0 noarch

howto-text-ja-2006-5mdv2010.0.noarch.rpm

  BASH Programming - Introduction HOW-TO
  by Mike G mikkey at dynamo.com.ar
  Mon Jul 27 11:47:00 ART 2000
  ú{êó çUTi
  July 2000

  ±Ì¶ÍAÌVFXNvgÌvOðnßélÌèøÆµ
  Ä©êÄ¢Ü·B(^Cg©çàª©éæ¤É)±êÍxÈàeððàµ
  ½¶ÅÍ èÜ¹ñBí½µ©gAVFvOÌGLXp[gÅÍÈ
  ¢Å·µAÜµÄâBlÅà èÜ¹ñB±êð±¤Æv¢§Á½ÌÍA»
  ±©ç©ªª½ðw×é¾ë¤ÆvÁ½©çÅ èAàµ©µ½ç¼lÌð
  É§Â©àµêÈ¢Æl¦½©çÅ·BÇñÈtB[hobNà½}µÜ·B
  ÁÉApb``®Å¢½¾¯éÆðµv¢Ü· :)
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ú

  1. Cg_NV
     1.1 ÅVo[WÌüèê
     1.2 Kv
     1.3 ±Ì¶Ìg¢û

  2. ñíÉVvÈXNvg
     2.1 `Ì Hello World XNvg
     2.2 ñíÉVvÈobNAbvXNvg

  3. _CNgVÉÂ¢Ä(redirection)
     3.1 _ÆÈPÈt@X
     3.2 Tv: stdout ð file Ö
     3.3 Tv: stderr ð file Ö
     3.4 Tv: stdout ð stderr Ö
     3.5 Tv: stderr ©ç stdout Ö
     3.6 Tv: stderr Æ stdout ©ç file Ö

  4. pCv (pipe)
     4.1 ½ÈÌ©AÇ±ª¢¢Ì©
     4.2 Tv: sed ðgÁ½ÈPÈpCv
     4.3 Tv: 'ls -l *.txt' ÌãÖR}h

  5. Ï (variable)
     5.1 Tv: ÏðgÁ½ Hello World!
     5.2 Tv: ñíÉVvÈobNAbvXNvg(üÇÅ)
     5.3 [JÏ

  6. ð§ä(conditionals)
     6.1 ZI[
     6.2 Tv: if .. then Éæéî{IÈð§äÌá
     6.3 Tv: "if .. then ... else"  ðgÁ½î{IÈð§äÌá
     6.4 Tv: ÏðºÁ½ð§ä

  7. for, while, until Éæé[v
     7.1 For ÌTv
     7.2 C ¾êÉ½ for
     7.3 while ÌTv
     7.4 until ÌTv

  8. Ö(functions)
     8.1 ÖÌTv
     8.2 p[^[ðæéÖÌTv

  9. [UC^[tFCX
     9.1 ÈPÈj[ðìé½ßÉ select ðg¤
     9.2 R}hCðgÁÄÝé

  10. »Ì¼ÌXNvg
     10.1 read ðgÁÄ[UÌüÍðÇÝÞ
     10.2 lÌ]¿
     10.3 bash ðT·
     10.4 vOÌßèlðl¾·éû@
     10.5 R}hoÍðl¾·éû@
     10.6 ¡Ì\[Xt@C

  11. QÆe[u
     11.1 ¶ñärZq
     11.2 ¶ñärÌÀá
     11.3 lZq
     11.4 lÖWZq
     11.5 ÖÈR}h
        11.5.1 sed (stream editor)
        11.5.2 awk (f[^t@CâeLXgÌõÆ®`)
        11.5.3 grep (õp^[Év·ésÌoÍ)
        11.5.4 wc (sAêAoCgð¦Ü·)
        11.5.5 sort (eLXgt@CàÌsÌÀ×Ö¦)
        11.5.6 bc (lvZpÌvO~O¾ê)
        11.5.7 tput ([Ìú»â terminfo f[^x[XÌõ)

  12. ¢ë¢ëÈXNvg
     12.1 fBNgãÌSt@CÉR}hðKp·éû@
     12.2 Tv: ñíÉVvÈobNAbvXNvg(üÇÅ)
     12.3 t@C¼ÏXXNvg
     12.4 t@C¼ÏXXNvg(ÈÕÅ)

  13. ¤Ü¢©È¢(fobO)
     13.1 bash ÌÄÑoµû

  14. ±Ì¶ÉÂ¢Ä
     14.1 (³)ÛØÉÂ¢Ä
     14.2 |óÉÂ¢Ä
     14.3 Ó«
     14.4 üùð
     14.5 Qlz[y[W
     14.6 ú{êóÉÂ¢Ä

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Cg_NV

  1.1.  ÅVo[WÌüèê

  http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO.html

  1.2.  Kv

  GNU/Linux ÌR}hCÉáa´ªÈAvOÉÂ¢ÄÌî{IÈ
  l¦ûªgÉÂ¢Ä¢éÆðµâ·¢Æv¢Ü·Bµ©µA±ÌûqÍv
  O~OÌZpÅÍÈ¢ÌÅA½Ìî{TOÉÂ¢Äà¾ðÁ¦Ä( 
  é¢ÍÈÆà»ÌwÍðµÄ)¢Ü·B

  1.3.  ±Ì¶Ìg¢û

  ±Ì¶ÍAÌæ¤ÈêÉð§Â±ÆðOªÉu¢Ä©êÄ¢Ü·B

  o  vO~OªÇ¤¢¤àÌ©mÁÄ¢ÄA±ê©çVFXNvgÌ
     R[fBOðnßæ¤ÆµÄ¢éêB

  o  VFvO~OÉÂ¢ÄRÆµ©mçÈ¢ÌÅAQÆÅ«é¶£
     ª~µ¢êB

  o  ©ªÅ«nßéÉ ½ÁÄAÀÛÌXNvgÆ»ÌRgð¢Â
     ©©½¢êB

  o  DOS/Windows Â«©çÚsµæ¤ÆµÄ¢Ä( é¢ÍµÄµÜÁÄ)A
     uob`vðÀ»µ½¢êB

  o  ¢íäé®SÉuI^N(nerd)vÆÄÎêéÐÆÅAÐÁ[©ç HOW-TO
     {ðÇñÅ¢éêB

  2.  ñíÉVvÈXNvg

  ±Ì HOW-TO ÍAáèÉd_ðu¢ÄAVFXNvgÌvO~OÉ
  Ö·éqgðAq×æ¤ÆµÄ¢Ü·B

  ±ÌÍÅÍA¢Â©ÌeNjbNðð·éÌÉð§Âæ¤ÈÈPÈXN
  vgðæèã°Ü·B

  2.1.  `Ì Hello World XNvg

               #!/bin/bash
               echo Hello World

  ±ÌXNvgÍAñsµ© èÜ¹ñBêsÚÍAt@CðÀs·éÌÉ
  ÇÌvOðg¤©ðVXeÉw¦µÄ¢Ü·B

  ñsÚÍA±ÌvOªÀs·éBêÌ½ßª©êÄ¢ÄA»êÉæÁ
  Ä[É "Hello World" Æ\¦³êÜ·B

  àµ©·éÆA./hello.sh: Command not found. Æ\¦³ê½©àµêÜ¹
  ñB¨»çAÅÌsÌ "#!/bin/bash" ª³µÈ¢½ßÅµå
  ¤B'whereis bash' ÆÅÂ©A``ubash ðT·(10.3)v''ð©é©µÄA»
  ÌsÌ«ûðmFµÄ¾³¢B

  2.2.  ñíÉVvÈobNAbvXNvg

               #!/bin/bash
               tar -cZf /var/my-backup.tgz /home/me/

  ±ÌXNvgÅÍA^[~iÉbZ[Wð\¦·éÌÅÍÈA[U
  Ìz[fBNgÌàeð³kt@C(tarball)ÉÜÆßÜ·B±êÍ
  ÀÛÌgpðÓ}µ½àÌÅÍ èÜ¹ñBàÁÆÖÈobNAbvXN
  vgðA±Ì¶ÅãÙÇÐîµÜ·B

  3.  _CNgVÉÂ¢Ä(redirection)

  3.1.  _ÆÈPÈt@X

  bash ÉÍAt@CLqq(file descriptor)ÆµÄAWüÍ (stdin)AW
  oÍ(stdout)A»µÄWG[(stderr) Ì 3 Âª èÜ·B ( std Í
  standard ÌÓ¡Å·B)

  î{IÉÈºÌ±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

  1. stdout ð file É_CNg

  2. stderr ð file É_CNg

  3. stdout ð stderr É_CNg

  4. stderr ð stdout É_CNg

  5. stderr Æ stdout ð file É_CNg

  6. stderr Æ stdout ð stdout É_CNg

  7. stderr Æ stdout ð stderr É_CNg

  (_CNg\¶ÅÍ)Ì 1 Í stdout ð\µA 2 Í stderr ð\µÜ
  ·B

  *ãLÌÚ»ê¼êÉÂ¢ÄÌÈPÈ* less R}hðg¤ÆA
  stdout (±êÍobt@ÉcèÜ·)Æ stderr (XN[ÉÍ\¦³êÜ·
  ªA»Ìobt@ð©æ¤Æ·éÆÁ³êÄµÜ¢Ü·)Ì¼ûð©é±Æ
  ªÅ«Ü·B

  3.2.  Tv: stdout ð file Ö

  ÌêAvOÌoÍªt@CÉ«ÜêÜ·B

               $ ls -l > ls-l.txt

  ãLÅÍ ls-l.txt Æ¢¤t@Cªì¬³êÜ·B»µÄA'ls -l' Æ¢¤
  R}hðÀsµ½êÉXN[É\¦³êéàeªA»Ìt@CÉÛ
  ¶³êÜ·B

  3.3.  Tv: stderr ð file Ö

  ÌêAvOÌ stderr ÌoÍªt@CÉ«ÜêÜ·B

               $ grep da * 2> grep-errors.txt

  ãLÅÍAgrep-errors.txt Æ¢¤t@Cªì¬³êÜ·B»µÄA»Ì
  t@CÉÍA'grep da *' ÌoÍÌ¤¿AÇÒª©æ¤ÆµÄ¢éÍ¸Ì
  stderr Ìªª«ÜêÄ¢Ü·B

  3.4.  Tv: stdout ð stderr Ö

  ÌêAvOÌ stderr oÍªAstdout Æ¯êÌt@CLqqÉ
  «ÜêÜ·B
               $ grep da * 1>&2

  ãLÅÍAR}hÌ stdout Ìªª stderr ÉçêÜ·BÊÌâèûª
   é±ÆÉÇÒÍCt¢Ä¢é©àµêÜ¹ñB

  3.5.  Tv: stderr ©ç stdout Ö

  ÌêAvOÌ stderr oÍªAstdout Æ¯êÌt@CLqqÉ
  «ÜêÜ·B

               $ grep * 2>&1

  ãLÅÍAR}hÌ stderr Ìªª stdout ÉçêÜ·Bµ½ªÁÄA
  àµpCvðgÁÄ less É¬¹ÎAÊíÈç stderr É«ÜêÄÁ¦Ä
  µÜ¤Í¸ÌoÍsªA stdout Éçê½±ÆÅÛ³êÄ¢éÌðmFÅ
  «Ü·B

  3.6.  Tv: stderr Æ stdout ©ç file Ö

  ÌêAvOÌSÄÌoÍªt@CÉüêçêÜ·B±êÍA®S
  ÉÙÁÄR}hðÀs³¹½¢æ¤È cron ÌÀsÚðêÉKµÄ
  ¢Ü·B

               $ rm -f $(find / -name core) &> /dev/null

  cron vOÌÀsÚðv¢©×ÄÙµ¢ÌÅ·ªAãLÍA çä
  éfBNg©ç "core" ÆÄÎêét@Cð·×Äí·éàÌÅ·B
  R}hÌoÍð©¦ÈµÄµÜ¤êÍA»ÌR}hªÇ¤¢¤ð
  ·éÌ©[ªF¯µÄ¨©È¯êÎ¢¯Ü¹ñB

  4.  pCv (pipe)

  ±ÌÍÅÍAÈP©ÂÀpIÈpCvÌg¢ûÆ»ÌLp«ÉÂ¢Äà¾µÜ
  ·B

  4.1.  ½ÈÌ©AÇ±ª¢¢Ì©

  ÈPÉ¢¤ÆApCvðg¦ÎAvOÌoÍð¼ÌvOÌüÍÆ
  µÄpÅ«éæ¤ÉÈèÜ·B

  4.2.  Tv: sed ðgÁ½ÈPÈpCv

  ÌáÍÈPÈpCvÌg¢ûð¦·àÌÅ·B

               $ ls -l | sed -e "s/[aeio]/u/g"

  ãLÅÍAÌ±ÆªN±èÜ·Bæ¸R}h 'ls -l' ªÀs³êA»Ì
  oÍªæÊÉ\¦³êéãíèÉAsed vOÉçê (pipe ³
  ê)A¡xÍ sed ª»êðµÄæÊÉ\¦µÜ·B

  4.3.  Tv: 'ls -l *.txt' ÌãÖR}h

  ¨»çÍA'ls -l *.txt' Æ·éæèàïµ¢û@Å·B±êðáèÉæ
  èã°éÌÍAt@CðXgAbv·éÆ«ÌW}ððÁ·é½ßÅ
  ÍÈAPÉpCvÌg¢ûðà¾µ½¢©çÅ·B

               $ ls -l | grep "\.txt$"

  ãLÅÍA'ls -l' vOÌoÍª grep vOÉçêA»±Å
  "\.txt$" Ì³K\»Év·ésªæÊÉoÍ³êÜ·B (ó: ãLÅ~
  }[Nª\¦³êéêA»êÍobNXbVÌÓ¡Å·B)

  5.  Ï (variable)

  Ïðg¦È¢vO¾êÍ èÜ¹ñB½¾Abash ÉÍf[^^(data
  type)ª èÜ¹ñBbash ÌÏÍAA¶A¶ñði[·é±ÆªÅ
  «Ü·B

  Ïðé¾·éKvÍÈAQÆ·×«ÏÉlðãü·êÎA»ê¾¯Åì
  ¬Å«Ü·B

  5.1.  Tv: ÏðgÁ½ Hello World!

               #!/bin/bash
               STR="Hello World!"
               echo $STR

  2 sÚÅ STR Æ¢¤ÏðìÁÄA»êÉ "Hello World" Æ¢¤¶ñðã
  üµÄ¢Ü·B±ÌÏÌulvÍÏÌÅÉ "$" ðu±ÆÅæèo¹
  Ü·Bàµ "$" Æ¢¤LðgíÈ©Á½çvOÌoÍÍá¤àÌÆ
  ÈèA]ñ¾Êð¾çêÈ¢Æ¢¤±ÆððµÄ( é¢ÍÀÛÉâÁÄ
  ÝÄ)¾³¢B

  5.2.  Tv: ñíÉVvÈobNAbvXNvg(üÇÅ)

               #!/bin/bash
               OF=/var/my-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d).tgz
               tar -cZf $OF /home/me/

  ãLÌXNvgÍA¡ÜÅÆÍµá¤±ÆðÐîµÄ¢Ü·BÜ¸ñsÚ
  É éÏÌì¬ÆãüÉÂ¢ÄÍà¤µê½Æv¢Ü·BÅÍA"$(date
  +%Y%m%d)" Æ¢¤\»ÉÚµÄ¾³¢BXNvgðÀs·éÆAÛJb
  RÌÈ©ÌR}hªÀs³êÄA»ÌoÍªæèÜêéæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢Ü
  ·B

  ±ÌXNvgÅÍAdate R}hÌ(+%Y%m%d)Æ¢¤®XCb`É]Á
  ÄAoÍ³êét@C¼ªúÏíé±ÆÉÓµÄ¾³¢BáÁ½®
  ðwè·é±ÆÅA±êÆÍÙÈét@C¼É·é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B

  »êÈOÌQláÆµÄA

  o  echo ls

  o  echo $(ls)

     Æ¢Á½àÌª èÜ·B

  5.3.  [JÏ

  [JÏÍAlocal Æ¢¤L[[hðgÁÄì¬·é±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

          #!/bin/bash
          HELLO=Hello
          function hello {
                  local HELLO=World
                  echo $HELLO
          }
          echo $HELLO
          hello
          echo $HELLO

  [JÏÌg¢ûÉÂ¢ÄÍAÈãÌáÅ[ª©Æv¢Ü·B

  6.  ð§ä(conditionals)

  ð§äðg¦ÎA é½ßðÀsð·×«©Ç¤©ÌèªÅ«Ü·B»µ
  ÄA±ÌèÍA®Ì]¿ÉæèÈ³êÜ·B

  6.1.  ZI[

  ð§äÉÍA½Ì`®ª èÜ·BÅàî{IÈ`®ÍAuif ð®
  then Às¶v Å èA±ÌÀs¶Íð®Ì]¿ª^Å éÆ«¾¯Às³
  êÜ·B" 2 < 1 " Æ¢¤ÌÍUÆ]¿³êéð®Å èA" 2 > 1 " Æ¢
  ¤ÌÍ^Æ]¿³êéð®Å·B

  Ü½Að§äÍAuif ð® then Às¶1 else Às¶2 vÆ¢¤`®à
  ÆèÜ·B±±ÅÍAð®ª^ÌÆ«Às¶ 1 ªÀs³êA»êÈOÌÆ
  «ÍÀs¶ 2 ªÀs³êÜ·B

  ð§äÉÍ³çÉÊÌ`®à èÜ·Buif ð®1 then Às¶1  else
  if ð®2  Às¶ 2  else Às¶3 v Å·B±Ì`®ÅÍA "else if ð
  ®2  then Às¶2 " Æ¢¤ÌªÁíÁ½¾¯Å·ªA±êÍàµð®2
  Ì]¿ª^ÈçÎÀs¶2  ðÀs·éàÌÅ·B»Ì¼ÌªÉÂ¢ÄÍA
  ÇÒÌzÊèÅ·B(±êÜÅÌ`®ð²¾³¢)

  \¶ÉÖµÄÅ·ªA bash Å if §ä\¢ðg¤Æ«Ìî{ÍÈºÌæ¤È
  àÌÅ·B

          if [ð®]
          then
          (if Ìðª^¾Á½Æ«Ì)ÀsR[h
          fi

  6.2.  Tv: if .. then Éæéî{IÈð§äÌá

          #!/bin/bash
          if [ "foo" = "foo" ]; then
             echo expression evaluated as true
          fi

  u[X [ ] àÌð®ª^Å Á½êA"then" Æ¢¤¶ÌãÉAÀs
  ³êéR[hª©êÄ¢Ü·B»µÄ»ÌãÉAð§äÉîÃ¢ÄÀs³
  êéR[hÌI¹ðw¦·é "fi" ªu©êÄ¢Ü·B

  6.3.  Tv: "if .. then ... else"  ðgÁ½î{IÈð§äÌá

               #!/bin/bash
               if [ "foo" = "foo" ]; then
                  echo expression evaluated as true
               else
                  echo expression evaluated as false
               fi

  6.4.  Tv: ÏðºÁ½ð§ä

               #!/bin/bash
               T1="foo"
               T2="bar"
               if [ "$T1" = "$T2" ]; then
                   echo expression evaluated as true
               else
                   echo expression evaluated as false
               fi

  7.  for, while, until Éæé[v

  ±ÌÍÅÍAfor, while, »µÄ util Éæé[vÉÂ¢Äq×Ü·B
  bash Ì for ÍA¼Ì¾êÅÌg¢ûÆá±ÙÈèÜ·Bî{IÉÍA é¶
  ñàÌPêð ½Ü©çÉ½·éàÌÅ·B

  while ÍA§ä®ª^ÌÔÍR[hðÀsµÄ¢ÄAUÉÈÁ½Æ« ( é¢
  ÍÀsR[hàÉ break ª¾¦³êÄ¢éê)ÉÌÝâ~µÜ·B

  until [vÍA§ä®ªUÆ]¿³êÄ¢éÔÍR[hªÀs³êéÆ¢¤
  _ðÆAwhile [vÆÙÚ¯¶Å·Bwhile Æ until ªÄ¢éÆ
  vÁ½ÈçA»êÍ³µ¢l¦Å·B

  7.1.  For ÌTv

               #!/bin/bash
               for i in $( ls ); do
                   echo item: $i
               done

  ñsÚÅAÏ i ªé¾³êÄ¢Ü·B±êÉÍA$( ls ) ÉæÁÄoÍ³
  êélXÈlª(ÔÉ)ãü³êÄ¢«Ü·BOsÚÍAKvÅ êÎàÁÆ
  ·Å«Ü·B·Èí¿AlsÚÌ done ÌOÉ¡Ìsª¶ÝµÄà©Ü¢
  Ü¹ñBlsÚÌ done ÍAÏ $i ÌlðgpµÄ¢½R[hª»±ÅI¹
  µ½±Æð¦µÄ¢Ä¢Ü·Bµ½ªÁÄA$i ÉVµ¢lðãü·é±Æª
  Â\Å·BãLÍAÍÙÆñÇÓ¡ªÈ¢XNvgÅ·Bfor [vðgp
  ·éàÁÆLvÈû@ÍAÈOÌáèÉ Á½æ¤ÉA éíÌt@C¾¯
  ðIðIÉ·éêÉg¤±Æ¾Æv¢Ü·B

  7.2.  C ¾êÉ½ for

  Fiesh ³ñ©çÈºÌæ¤È`®Ì[vðt¯Á¦½çÇ¤©Æ¾íêÜµ
  ½B±Ì for [vÍAC ¾êâ Perl Ì for [vÉÞµ½gíê©½
  ðµÄ¢Ü·B

               #!/bin/bash
               for i in `seq 1 10`;
               do
                       echo $i
               done

  7.3.  while ÌTv

               #!/bin/bash
               COUNTER=0
               while [  $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
                   echo The counter is $COUNTER
                   let COUNTER=COUNTER+1
               done

  ãLÌXNvgÍA(C, Pascal, Perl Æ¢Á½)L¼È¾êÌ for Ì§ä
  \¢ð^½àÌÅ·B

  7.4.  until ÌTv

               #!/bin/bash
               COUNTER=20
               until [  $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
                   echo COUNTER $COUNTER
                   let COUNTER-=1
               done

  8.  Ö(functions)

  ÙÆñÇÇñÈvOÉÄÍÜé±ÆÅ·ªAÖ(function)ðg¦
  ÎAæè_IÉêQÌR[hðO[v»·é±ÆªÅ«Ü·BÜ½A_é
  IÆà¢¦éÄA@(recursion)ðg¤±ÆàÂ\ÉÈèÜ·B

  ÖÌé¾ÍA "function my_func { my_code }" Æ¾¯ÅÅ«Ü·B

  ÖÌÄÑoµÍA¼ÌvOÌÄÑoµÆ¯¶ÅA»ÌÖ¼ð¾
  ¯Å·B

  8.1.  ÖÌTv

               #!/bin/bash
               function quit {
                   exit
               }
               function hello {
                   echo Hello!
               }
               hello
               quit
               echo foo

  ñsÚ©çlsÚÉ©¯ÄÍA"quit" Æ¢¤ÖªLq³êÄ¢Ü·BÜs
  Ú©çµsÚÉ©¯ÄÍA"hello" Æ¢¤ÖªLq³êÄ¢Ü·B±ÌXN
  vgª½ðµÄ¢é©®SÉc¬Å«È¢ÈçAÀÛÉ©ªÅ¢ÄAÀs
  µÄÝÄ¾³¢B

  ÖÍA½ç©ÌÁèÌl®Éæéé¾ðKvÆµÈ¢Æ¢¤±ÆÉÓµÄ
  ¾³¢B

  ±ÌXNvgðÀs·éÆAÅÉ "hello" ÖªÄÑo³êAÉ
  "quit" ÖªÄÑo³êÜ·B»µÄvOÍ\sÚÜÅÍÀs³êÈ
  ¢±ÆÉCtÅµå¤B

  8.2.  p[^[ðæéÖÌTv

               #!/bin/bash
               function quit {
                   exit
               }
                   function e {
                       echo $1
                   }
               e Hello
               e World
               quit
               echo foo

  ãLÌvOÍAOLÌvOÆÙÚ¯êÅ·BåÈá¢ÍAÖ
  "e" Ì¶ÝÅ·B±ÌÖÍó¯æÁ½æêøð\¦µÜ·BøÍAÖ
  ÌàÉ éÆ«ÅàAXNvgÉ¼Únµ½Æ«Æ¯¶æ¤ÉµíêÜ
  ·B

  9.  [UC^[tFCX

  9.1.  ÈPÈj[ðìé½ßÉ select ðg¤

               #!/bin/bash
               OPTIONS="Hello Quit"
               select opt in $OPTIONS; do
                   if [ "$opt" = "Quit" ]; then
                     echo done
                     exit
                   elif [ "$opt" = "Hello" ]; then
                     echo Hello World
                   else
                     clear
                     echo bad option
                   fi
               done

  àµãLÌXNvgðÀsµ½ÈçAeLXgx[XÌj[Æ¢¤v
  O}ÌÐÆÂÌ²ªÀ»µÄ¢éÌªª©éÆv¢Ü·BÜ½ for Ì§ä
  \¢ÆÄ¢é±ÆÉàCt¢½©àµêÜ¹ñB$OPTIONS Éãü³ê½ê
  (word)ðÐÆÂ¸Â[v³¹éãíèÉAvvgðoÍµÄ¢éÆ¢¤
  á¢ª é¾¯¾©çÅ·B

  9.2.  R}hCðgÁÄÝé

               #!/bin/bash
               if [ -z "$1" ]; then
                   echo usage: $0 directory
                   exit
               fi
               SRCD=$1
               TGTD="/var/backups/"
               OF=home-$(date +%Y%m%d).tgz
               tar -cZf $TGTD$OF $SRCD

  ãLÌXNvgª½ð·é©ÍAà¤¨ª©èÅµå¤BÅÌð§äÌ
  ®ÍAvOªø ($1)ðó¯æÁ½©Ç¤©ð²×éàÌÅ·B»µ
  ÄAøðó¯æçÈ©Á½Æ«ÍÈPÈgpû@ÉÂ¢ÄÌbZ[Wð\
  ¦µÄI¹µÜ·BXNvgÌcèÌªÍA±Ì_ÅÍ¾Ä¾Æv¢Ü
  ·B

  10.  »Ì¼ÌXNvg

  10.1.  read ðgÁÄ[UÌüÍðÇÝÞ

  [UÉ½ç©ÌüÍð£µ½¢Æv¤êªæ éàÌÅ·B»êðÀ»
  ·éû@Í¢Â©¶ÝµÜ·ªAÈºÍ»êçÌ¤¿ÌÐÆÂÅ·B

               #!/bin/bash
               echo Please, enter your name
               read NAME
               echo "Hi $NAME!"

  ãLÌÏ`ÆµÄAread ðgÁÄ¡Ìlðó¯æé±ÆàÅ«Ü·BÌ
  áèÍ»êð¾ç©É·éàÌÅ·B

               #!/bin/bash
               echo Please, enter your firstname and lastname
               read FN LN
               echo "Hi! $LN, $FN !"

  10.2.  lÌ]¿

  R}hC( é¢ÍVF)ÅAÌæ¤ÉÅÁÄÝÄ¾³¢B

               $ echo 1 + 1

  2 ªoÍ³êéÆúÒµÄ¢½ÈçAªÁ©èµ½±ÆÅµå¤B bash É
  lðvZ³¹½¢Æ«ÍAÇ¤µ½ç¢¢ÌÅµå¤HðôÍÌæ¤É·
  é±ÆÅ·B

               $ echo $((1 + 1))

  ãLÅÍAæèWJÈoÍªÈ³ê½±ÆÆv¢Ü·B±êÍ®ð]¿
  µ½Æ¢¤±ÆÅ·BÜ½AÌæ¤È\»Åà¯¶±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

               $ echo $[ 1 + 1 ]

  ªâ é¢ÍàÁÆ¡GÈwIªKvÉÈÁ½êA é¢Í®Å
  VÑ½¢Æ«ÈÇÍA®]¿Ì½ßÌ bc Æ¢¤R}hªg¦Ü·BR}
  hvvgãÅ "echo $[3/4]" ÆÀsµÄàAbash Í®Åµ©¦ð
  Ô¹È¢ÌÅAÊÍ 0 ÆÈèÜ·Bµ©µA"echo 3/4 | bc -l" ÆÀs·
  êÎA0.75 Æ¢¤³µ¢¦ªÔÁÄ«Ü·B

  10.3.  bash ðT·

  Mike ©çÌbZ[WðfÚµÜ·B(Ó«ð©Ä¾³¢)

   È½Í¢Âà #!/bin/bash Æ¢¤ÌðgÁÄ¢Ü·ªAbash ªÇ±É é
  Ì©T·û@ðá¦µ½Ù¤ª¢¢Æv¢Ü·B"bash ð»ÌêÉu¢Äµ
  Ü¦Î¢¢ÌÅ·ªA·×ÄÌ}Vª»êðµÄ¢éí¯ÅÍ èÜ¹ñB
  [gfBNg©çA'find ./ -name bash' ðÀs·êÎÊíÍTµo
  ¹éÍ¸Å·B

  `FbN·×«ÈÌÍAÌæ¤ÈêÅµå¤B

          ls -l /bin/bash
          ls -l /sbin/bash
          ls -l /usr/lodal/bin/bash
          ls -l /usr/bin/bash
          ls -l /usr/sbin/bash
          ls -l /usr/local/sbin/bash

  (±êÈOÌfBNgÍ·®Év¢©ÑÜ¹ñ... VXeªáÁÄ
  àA±êÜÅÍ±Ì©ç©Â©éêªÙÆñÇÅµ½B) »ê©
  çA'which bash' ðgÁÄÝéÌà¢¢Æv¢Ü·B

  10.4.  vOÌßèlðl¾·éû@

  bash ÅÍAvOÌßèlð $? Æ¢¤ÁêÈÏÉüêÄ¨±Æª
  Å«Ü·BÈºÍAvOÌßèlðl¾·éû@ð¢½àÌÅ·B½
  ¾µA /dada Æ¢¤fBNgÍÀÝµÜ¹ñB(±êà Mike ©çÌñÄ
  ðÚ¹½àÌÅ·)

               #!/bin/bash
               cd /dada &> /dev/null
               echo rv: $?
               cd $(pwd) &> /dev/null
               echo rv: $?

  10.5.  R}hoÍðl¾·éû@

  ÈºÌÈPÈXNvgÍA·×ÄÌf[^x[XãðTµÄSÌe[u
  ð\¦·éÆ¢¤àÌÅ·( MySQL ªCXg[³êÄ¢é±ÆªOñÅ
  ·)B±ÌÌ 'mysql' Æ¢¤R}hªðÏXµÄALøÈ[U¼Æp
  X[hªg¦éæ¤ÉµÄ¾³¢B

               #!/bin/bash
               DBS=`mysql -uroot  -e"show databases"`
               for b in $DBS ;
               do
                       mysql -uroot -e"show tables from $b"
               done

  10.6.  ¡Ì\[Xt@C

  R}h\[XÆµÄ¡Ìt@Cðg¤±ÆªÅ«Ü·B

  ì¬\è( TO DO )

  11.  QÆe[u

  11.1.  ¶ñärZq

          (1) s1  =  s2    s1 Æ s2 ª¯ê
          (2) s1 !=  s2    s1 Æ s2 ª¯êÅÈ¢
          (3) s1  <  s2    ì¬
          (4) s1  >  s2    ì¬
          (5) -n s1        s1 ª null ÅÈ¢(ê¶ÈãðÜñÅ¢é)
          (6) -z s1        s1 ª null Å é

  11.2.  ¶ñärÌÀá

  Ó½ÂÌ¶ñðär·é

               #!/bin/bash
               S1='string'
               S2='String'
               if [ $S1=$S2 ];
               then
                       echo "S1('$S1') is not equal to S2('$S2')"
               fi
               if [ $S1=$S1 ];
               then
                       echo "S1('$S1') is equal to S1('$S1')"
               fi

  ±±ÅAãLÌ if [ $1 = $2 ] ÉÖµÄ Andrea Beck ªÁÄê½[
  Ìê¶ðøpµÜ·B

         Üè¢¢l¦ÆÍ¾¦Ü¹ñBàµA$S1 © $S2 ÌÇ¿ç©ªóÌêA
        p[TG[ÉÈé©çÅ·Bx$1=x$2 © "$1"="$2" Æµ½Ù¤ªæ¢Å
        µå¤B

  11.3.  lZq

          +
          -
          *
          /
          % (è])

  11.4.  lÖWZq

          -gt  ( >  )
          -le  ( <= )
          -ge  ( >= )
          -eq  ( == )
          -ne  ( != )

  C vO}ªgÁÄ¢éZqÉÂ¢ÄàAÛJbRðt¯ÄÎÖWð¦
  µÜµ½B

  11.5.  ÖÈR}h

  ±ÌZNVÍ Kees (Ó«ð©Ä¾³¢)ÉæÁÄCg³ê½àÌÅ
  ·B

  ÈºÌR}hÌÈ©ÉÍA®SÈvO~O¾êðàïµÄ¢éÆ¢¦
  »¤ÈàÌà èÜ·B»êçÌR}hðæèã°ÄAî{Ip@¾¯ðà
  ¾µæÆv¢Ü·BÚ×ÈðàÉÂ¢ÄÍAR}hÌ}jAy[WðÝ
  Ä¾³¢B

  11.5.1.  sed (stream editor)

  sed ÍmEC^NeBuÈGfB^Å·BJ[\ðæÊãÅ®©µÈ
  ªçt@CÉÏXðÁ¦é©íèÉAÒWÉÖ·éw¦ÆÒW·×«t@C
  ¼ð«ñ¾XNvgðgpµÜ·BÜ½Ased ÍêíÌtB^Å 
  éÆl¦é±ÆàÅ«Ü·B¢Â©áð©ÄÝÜµå¤B

               $ sed 's/to_be_replaced/replaced/g' /tmp/dummy

  ãLÉ¨¢ÄAsed ÍA/tmp/dummy Æ¢¤t@CðÇÝñÅA¶ñ
  "to_be_replaced" ð¶ñ "replaced" Éu·µÜ·B»ÌÊÍWo
  Í(ÊíÍR\[)ÉoÍ³êÜ·ªAãLR}hCÌöÉ(á¦
  Î) '> capture' Æt¯Á¦éÈçA "capture" Æ¢¤¼OÌt@CÉ
  sed ÌoÍÊðé±ÆàÅ«Ü·B

          $ sed 12, 18d /tmp/dummy

  ãLÌáÅAsed Í 12 ©ç 18 sÚÜÅðSÄÌsð\¦µÜ·B±Ì
  R}hÉæÁÄ³Ìt@CÉÏXªÁ¦çêé±ÆÍ èÜ¹ñB

  11.5.2.  awk (f[^t@CâeLXgÌõÆ®`)

  AWK vO~O¾êÉÍ½ÌÀª¶ÝµÜ·B(ÅàL¼ÈC^[
  v^ÍAGNU Ì gawk ÆuVµ¢ awkv Å é mawk Å·B) AWK Ì´
  ÍPÅ·Bp^[ðTµÄAvµ½p^[(pattern)SÄÉÎµÄÈ
  ñç©Ì(action)ðs¤Æ¢¤±ÆÅ·B

  ÄxAÈºÌæ¤ÈsðÜÞ_~[t@CðìèÜµ½B

          test123
          test
          tteesstt

               $ awk '/test/ {print}' /tmp/dummy
               test123
               test

  ãLÉ¨¢ÄAAWK ªT»¤Æµ½p^[(pattern)Í "test" Å 
  èA/tmp/dummy t@CÌsÌ©ç "test" Æ¢¤¶ñðTµoµ½Æ
  «ÉsÁ½(action)ªæÊÖÌ\¦ "print" Å·B

               $ awk '/test/ {i=i+1} END {print i}' /tmp/dummy
               3

  ½Ìp^[ðT»¤ÆµÄ¢éÆ«ÍANIe[V('')ÅÍÜê½
  ¶ñð(á¦Î) '-f file.awk' Æ¢Á½t@C¼Åu«·¦Ü·B»¤
  ·êÎA·×ÄÌp^[Æð 'file.awk' Æ¢¤t@CÉ«ñ
  ÅAÜÆßÄÀsÅ«Ü·B

  11.5.3.  grep (õp^[Év·ésÌoÍ)

  grep R}hÌA ép^[Év·ésð\¦·é@\ÉÂ¢ÄÍA±
  êÜÅÌÍÅ¢Âà©Ä«½Æv¢Ü·Bµ©µAgrep Ì@\Í»ê¾¯
  ÅÍ èÜ¹ñB

               $ grep "look for this" /var/log/messages -c
               12

  ãLÌáÍA"look for this" Æ¢¤¶ñª /var/log/messages t@C
  ÌÈ©Å 12 ñ©Â©Á½±ÆðÓ¡µÄ¢Ü·B

  [ OK, ±ÌáèÍtFCNÈñ¾B/var/log/messages É¿åÁÆèðÁ¦Æ
  ¢½Ì³B :-)]

  11.5.4.  wc (sAêAoCgð¦Ü·)

  ÈºÌáèÅÍAoÍªúÒÊèÉÈÁÄ¢È¢Ìªª©éÆv¢Ü·B±Ì
  áèÅgíê½_~[t@CÉÍ(OÉgÁ½àeÆÍÙÈé)Ìæ¤È¶
  ñªÜÜêÄ¢½©çÅç·B

          bash introduction
          howto test file

               $ wc --words --lines --bytes /tmp/dummy
               2 5 34 /tmp/dummy

  wc ÅÍp[^wèÌÔÍ©RÅ·ªA»êçÌoÍÌÔÍ¢Âà
  ÜÁÄ¢Ü·BãLÌæ¤ÉAsAêAoCgAt@C¼ ÌÔ
  ÉÈèÜ·B

  11.5.5.  sort (eLXgt@CàÌsÌÀ×Ö¦)

  ¡ñÌ_~[t@CÌàeÍÌæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¢Ü·B

          b
          c
          a

               $ sort /tmp/dummy

  ÍA»ÌAEgvbgªÇ¤\¦³êé©Å·B

               a
               b
               c

  R}hðg¤Æ·éÆA±êÙÇÈPÉÍ¢©È¢Åµå¤B

  11.5.6.  bc (lvZpÌvO~O¾ê)

  bc ÍR}hCÅì·éæÅ«½vZvOÅ·B_CN
  gâpCv©çÍüÍÅ«Ü¹ñªAt@C©çÌüÍªÂ\ÅA[UC
  ^[tFCXà èÜ·BÈºÅÍA»ÌR}hÌ©ç¢Â©ðÀÛ
  ÉfXg[VµÄÝÜ·BÈ¨Abc N®É -q p[^ðg
  pµÄ¢éÌÍAN®ÉEFJbZ[WðoÍ³¹È¢½ßÅ·B

               $ bc -q
               1 == 5
               0
               5 != 5
               0
               2 ^ 8
               256
               sqrt(9)
               3
               while (i != 9) { i = i + 1; print i }
               12345689
               quit

  11.5.7.  tput ([Ìú»â terminfo f[^x[XÌõ)

  tput ÅÈÉªÅ«é©AÈPÉÐîµÜ·B

               $ tput cup 10 4

  ãLÌáÅÍAvvgª (y10,x4) ÌÊuÉ çíêÜ·B

               $ tput reset

  ãLÅÍAæÊðàÆÉßµÄA(y1,x1) ÌÊuÉvvgð\¦µÜ
  ·B(y0,x0) ª¿å¤Ç¶ãÌ÷É ½éÊuÅ·B

               $ tput cols
               80

  ãLÅÍAX ²ûüÉ¶ª¢ÂÀÔÌ©ð\¦µÄ¢Ü·B

  (ÈÆà)ãLÌæ¤ÈvOÉÂ¢ÄÍAg¢µêÄ¨±Æð
  ¨EßµÜ·BR}hCãÌìÅÁÙÇÌðµÄêé¬³È
  vOÍ³É èÜ·B

  [áèÌ¢Â©ÍA}jAy[Wâ FAQ ©çæèÜµ½B]

  12.  ¢ë¢ëÈXNvg

  12.1.  fBNgãÌSt@CÉR}hðKp·éû@

  (ì¬)

  12.2.  Tv: ñíÉVvÈobNAbvXNvg(üÇÅ)

               #!/bin/bash
               SRCD="/home/"
               TGTD="/var/backups/"
               OF=home-$(date +%Y%m%d).tgz
               tar -cZf $TGTD$OF $SRCD

  12.3.  t@C¼ÏXXNvg

               #!/bin/sh
               # renna: ¢Â©Ì[É]ÁÄA¡Ìt@Cðl[·é
               # XNvg: Felix Hudson Jan 2000

               # ÅÉ±ÌvOªæé¢Â©Ìu[hvÉÂ¢Ä`FbN·é
               # æêø($1)Ìðªêv·éÈçAvOÌYªðÀsµÄ
               # I¹·é

               # prefix Ìðð`FbN·é
               if [ $1 = p ] ; then

               # [hÏ($1)Æ prefix ($2)ðæè
               prefix=$2 ; shift ; shift

               # t@Cªwè³êÄ¢é©ÈPÉ`FbN·é
               # wè³êÄ¢È¢Æ«ÍA¶ÝµÈ¢t@Cðl[·é±ÆÍ
               # Å«È¢ÌÅAÈÉàµÈ¢
               if [$1 = ]; then
                    echo "no files given"
                    exit 0
               fi

               # vOÌøÆÈét@CðÉ[v·é
               # t@CðÐÆÂ¸Âl[·é
               for file in $*
                   do
                   mv ${file} $prefix$file
               done

               # ±±ÅvOðI¹·é
                   exit 0
               fi

          # suffix ðl[·é©`FbN·é
          # ±±ÅÌcèÌªÍãLÆ¨È¶ÈÌÅA»¿çð©ÄÙµ¢
          if [ $1 = s ]; then
              suffix=$2 ; shift ; shift

          if [$1 = ]; then
              echo "no files given"
              exit 0
          fi

          for file in $*
              do
               mv ${file} $file$suffix
              done
              exit 0
          fi

               # ¼OÌu«·¦©Ç¤©ð`FbN·é
               if [ $1 = r ]; then
                   shift

               # [UªÌàeðwèµÈ©Á½ÆµÄàt@Cª_[Wð
               # ó¯È¢æ¤ÉAÌR[hðÜß½
               if [ $# -lt 3 ] ; then
                   echo "usage: renna r [expression] [replacement] files... "
                   exit 0
               fi

               # ]vÈîñðí·é
               OLD=$1 ; NEW=$2 ; shift ; shift

          # ±Ì for [vÍvOÉ^¦çê½t@CðÉ·é
          # sed Æ¢¤vOðgÁÄAt@CðÐÆÂ¸Âl[·é
          # sed ÍWüÍðÇÝñÅAÁèÌ\»ð^¦çê½¶ñÉu··é
          # ±±ÅÍAWüÍ©çt@C¼ðwèµÄAKvÈ¶ðu·³¹é
          for file in $*
              do
               new=`echo ${file} | sed s/${OLD}/${NEW}/g`
               mv ${file} $new
              done
              exit 0
          fi

               # ±±ÜÅ½Æ·éÆAvOÉøªÈ©Á½Æ¢¤±ÆÈÌÅA
               # g¢ûð\¦·é
               echo "usage;"
               echo " renna p [prefix] files.."
               echo " renna s [suffix] files.."
               echo " renna r [expression] [replacement] files.."
               exit 0

               # I¹

  12.4.  t@C¼ÏXXNvg(ÈÕÅ)

               #!/bin/bash
               # renames.sh
               # basic file renamer

               criteria=$1
               re_match=$2
               replace=$3

               for i in $( ls *$criteria* );
               do
                   src=$i
                   tgt=$(echo $i | sed -e "s/$re_match/$replace/")
                   mv $src $tgt
               done

  13.  ¤Ü¢©È¢(fobO)

  13.1.  bash ÌÄÑoµû

  øÊIÈÌÍAæêsÚÉ¿åÁÆèðÁ¦é±ÆÅ·B

               #!/bin/bash -x

  ±¤·éÆAoÍÉÛÉÊ¢îñª\¦³êÜ·B

  14.  ±Ì¶ÉÂ¢Ä

  ñÄâù³AÜ½±Ì¶ÉfÚ·×«Ê¢¿ÈÇÈñÅà¨CyÉA
  µÄ¾³¢BÅ«é¾¯½f³¹Ü·B

  14.1.  (³)ÛØÉÂ¢Ä

  This documents comes with no warranty of any kind. and all that (}})

  ±Ì¶ÉÍA¢©ÈéÛØàº¢Ü¹ñB

  14.2.  |óÉÂ¢Ä

  C^Aê: by Willy Ghelfi (wizzy at tiscalinet.it) ±¿ç

  tXê: by Laurent Martelli ( URL Ís¾)

  Øê: Minseok Park http://kldp.org

  Øê: Chun Hye Jin ( URL Ís¾)

  XyCê: óÒs¾ http://www.insflug.org

  àÁÆ½Ì|óª éÆv¤ÌÅ·ªAîñª èÜ¹ñBä¶mÌ©½
  ÍAí½µÉ[ð¾³¢B±ÌÍðXVµÜ·B

  14.3.  Ó«

  o  ±Ì¶ð|óµÄê½ÐÆ½¿(OÍ)

  o  Nathan Hurst ÍÚ×ÉZ³µÄêÜµ½B

  o  Jon Abbott Í®Ì]¿ÉÂ¢ÄRgðÁÄêÜµ½B

  o  Felix Hudson Í renna XNvgð¢ÄêÜµ½B

  o  Kees van den Broek (Z³É¦ÍµAÖÈR}hÌÍðCgµÄ
     êÜµ½)

  o  Mike (pink) Í bash ÌÊuðÁèµ½èt@CðeXgµ½è·é±
     ÆÉÂ¢Ä¢Â©ñÄµÄêÜµ½B

  o  Fiesh Í[vÌÍÉÂ¢Ä¢¢ñÄðµÄêÜµ½B

  o  Lion ÍR}hG[ÉÂ¢Äq×éæ¤ñÄµÄêÜµ
     ½B(./hello.sh: Command not found.)

  o  Andrea Beck ÍZ³ÆRgÉÂ¢Ä¦ÍµÄêÜµ½B

  14.4.  üùð

  o  |óªVKÉÇÁ³êA¢Â©ù³ðÁ¦½B

  o  Kees ÌCgÉæéÖÈR}hÌÍðt¯Á¦½B

  o  ù³ðñÄðåÉæèüê½B

  o  ¶ñärÉÂ¢ÄÀáðâµ½B

  o  v0.8 o[WîñðOµ½BútÅ[ª¾Æv¤B

  o  v0.7 ù³Ó½BTO-DO ÌÍð«¼µB

  o  v0.6 ·±µù³

  o  v0.5 _CNgÌÍðÇÁ

  o  v0.4 OCÌ{XÌÓüÅ»êÜÅÌy[WÅöJÅ«ÈÈÁ½ªA±Ì
     ¶ÉÆÁÄÍÅKÌêª©Â©Á½B <http://www.linuxdoc.org/>

  o  »êÈOÌ±ÆÍo¦Ä¢È¢Brcs à cvs àgÁÄ¢È©Á½B

  14.5.  Qlz[y[W

  ( BeOS ÅÌ)bash ÉÖ·éÐî
  <http://org.laol.net/lamug/beforever/bashtut.htm>

  Bourne Shell ÌvO~O <http://207.213.123.70/book/>

  14.6.  ú{êóÉÂ¢Ä

  |ó çU Ti  <ysenda@pop01.odn.ne.jp>
  Z³ äã Gå  <shyugoro@pop12.odn.ne.jp>
       ä Lõ  <takei@webmasters.gr.jp>
       É¡ Sê  <kade@kadesoft.com>