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  <div class="section" id="file-objects">
<span id="fileobjects"></span><h1>File Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#file-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-19">Python&#8217;s built-in file objects are implemented entirely on the <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt>
support from the C standard library.  This is an implementation detail and may
change in future releases of Python.  The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyFile_</span></tt> APIs are a wrapper over
the <a title="Core tools for working with streams." class="reference external" href="../library/io.html#module-io"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">io</span></tt></a> module.</p>
<dl class="cfunction">
<dt id="PyFile_FromFd">
<tt class="descname">PyFile_FromFd</tt><big>(</big>int<em> fd</em>, char<em> *name</em>, char<em> *mode</em>, int<em> buffering</em>, char<em> *encoding</em>, char<em> *newline</em>, int<em> closefd</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_FromFd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyFileObject</span></tt> from the file descriptor of an already
opened file <em>fd</em>. The arguments <em>name</em>, <em>encoding</em> and <em>newline</em> can be
<em>NULL</em> to use the defaults; <em>buffering</em> can be <em>-1</em> to use the default.
Return <em>NULL</em> on failure.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">Take care when you are mixing streams and descriptors! For more
information, see <a class="reference external" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Stream_002fDescriptor-Precautions.html#Stream_002fDescriptor-Precautions">the GNU C Library docs</a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="cfunction">
<dt id="PyObject_AsFileDescriptor">
int <tt class="descname">PyObject_AsFileDescriptor</tt><big>(</big><a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyObject_AsFileDescriptor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the file descriptor associated with <em>p</em> as an <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span></tt>.  If the
object is an integer, its value is returned.  If not, the
object&#8217;s <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></tt> method is called if it exists; the method must return
an integer, which is returned as the file descriptor value.  Sets an
exception and returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on failure.</dd></dl>

<dl class="cfunction">
<dt id="PyFile_GetLine">
<a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyFile_GetLine</tt><big>(</big><a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em>, int<em> n</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_GetLine" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p id="index-20">Equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">p.readline([n])</span></tt>, this function reads one line from the
object <em>p</em>.  <em>p</em> may be a file object or any object with a <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt>
method.  If <em>n</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, exactly one line is read, regardless of the length of
the line.  If <em>n</em> is greater than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, no more than <em>n</em> bytes will be read
from the file; a partial line can be returned.  In both cases, an empty string
is returned if the end of the file is reached immediately.  If <em>n</em> is less than
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, however, one line is read regardless of length, but <a title="exceptions.EOFError" class="reference external" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.EOFError"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></tt></a> is
raised if the end of the file is reached immediately.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="cfunction">
<dt id="PyFile_WriteObject">
int <tt class="descname">PyFile_WriteObject</tt><big>(</big><a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *obj</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em>, int<em> flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_WriteObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p id="index-21">Write object <em>obj</em> to file object <em>p</em>.  The only supported flag for <em>flags</em> is
<tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_PRINT_RAW</span></tt>; if given, the <a title="str" class="reference external" href="../library/functions.html#str"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">str()</span></tt></a> of the object is written
instead of the <a title="repr" class="reference external" href="../library/functions.html#repr"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">repr()</span></tt></a>.  Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on failure; the
appropriate exception will be set.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="cfunction">
<dt id="PyFile_WriteString">
int <tt class="descname">PyFile_WriteString</tt><big>(</big>const char<em> *s</em>, <a title="PyObject" class="reference external" href="structures.html#PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_WriteString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Write string <em>s</em> to file object <em>p</em>.  Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on
failure; the appropriate exception will be set.</dd></dl>

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