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  <div class="section" id="module-runpy">
<h1>29.5. <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">runpy</span></tt> &#8212; Locating and executing Python modules<a class="headerlink" href="#module-runpy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">runpy</span></tt> module is used to locate and run Python modules without
importing them first. Its main use is to implement the <a class="reference external" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-m"><em class="xref">-m</em></a> command line
switch that allows scripts to be located using the Python module namespace
rather than the filesystem.</p>
<p>When executed as a script, the module effectively operates as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>  <span class="c"># Remove the runpy module from the arguments</span>
<span class="n">run_module</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">run_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alter_sys</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">runpy</span></tt> module provides a single function:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="runpy.run_module">
<tt class="descclassname">runpy.</tt><tt class="descname">run_module</tt><big>(</big><em>mod_name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>init_globals</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>run_name</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>alter_sys</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#runpy.run_module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Execute the code of the specified module and return the resulting module globals
dictionary. The module&#8217;s code is first located using the standard import
mechanism (refer to PEP 302 for details) and then executed in a fresh module
namespace.</p>
<p>If the supplied module name refers to a package rather than a normal module,
then that package is imported and the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__main__</span></tt> submodule within that
package is then executed and the resulting module globals dictionary returned.</p>
<p>The optional dictionary argument <em>init_globals</em> may be used to pre-populate the
globals dictionary before the code is executed. The supplied dictionary will not
be modified. If any of the special global variables below are defined in the
supplied dictionary, those definitions are overridden by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">run_module</span></tt>
function.</p>
<p>The special global variables <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__name__</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__file__</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__loader__</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__builtins__</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__package__</span></tt> are set in the globals dictionary before
the module code is executed.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__name__</span></tt> is set to <em>run_name</em> if this optional argument is supplied, to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mod_name</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">'.__main__'</span></tt> if the named module is a package and to the
<em>mod_name</em> argument otherwise.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__loader__</span></tt> is set to the PEP 302 module loader used to retrieve the code for
the module (This loader may be a wrapper around the standard import mechanism).</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__file__</span></tt> is set to the name provided by the module loader. If the loader
does not make filename information available, this variable is set to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__builtins__</span></tt> is automatically initialised with a reference to the top level
namespace of the <a title="The module that provides the built-in namespace." class="reference external" href="builtins.html#module-builtins"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">builtins</span></tt></a> module.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__package__</span></tt> is set to <em>mod_name</em> if the named module is a package and to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mod_name.rpartition('.')[0]</span></tt> otherwise.</p>
<p>If the argument <em>alter_sys</em> is supplied and evaluates to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, then
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.argv[0]</span></tt> is updated with the value of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__file__</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.modules[__name__]</span></tt> is updated with a temporary module object for the
module being executed. Both <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.argv[0]</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.modules[__name__]</span></tt>
are restored to their original values before the function returns.</p>
<p>Note that this manipulation of <a title="Access system-specific parameters and functions." class="reference external" href="sys.html#module-sys"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys</span></tt></a> is not thread-safe. Other threads may
see the partially initialised module, as well as the altered list of arguments.
It is recommended that the <a title="Access system-specific parameters and functions." class="reference external" href="sys.html#module-sys"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys</span></tt></a> module be left alone when invoking this
function from threaded code.</p>
<p>
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.1: </span>Added ability to execute packages by looking for a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__main__</span></tt> submodule</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><span class="target" id="index-470"></span><a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0338"><strong>PEP 338</strong></a> - Executing modules as scripts</dt>
<dd>PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan.</dd>
<dt><span class="target" id="index-471"></span><a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0366"><strong>PEP 366</strong></a> - Main module explicit relative imports</dt>
<dd>PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>


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