CD-Writing HOWTO

§@ªÌ¡GWinfried Trümper <winni@xpilot.org>
ĶªÌ¡G¶À´I±j <wfkwong@net.polyu.edu.hk>

   v2.4.1, 16 December 1997
     _________________________________________________________________

   ³o¤@¥÷¤å¥ó³B²z¦b LINUX ùؼg CDs ªº¨Æ¨à¡E
     _________________________________________________________________

1. ²¤¶

     * 1.1 ª©¥»Án©ú ( ³o¬q¤£Ä¶ )
     * 1.2 Suggested readings
     * 1.3 ¦Wµü¸ÑÄÀ ( ³o¬q¤£Ä¶ )
     * 1.4 ¤ä´©ªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹
     * 1.5 ¤ä´©ªº¯S©Ê
     * 1.6 ³q°T½×¾Â
     * 1.7 ¥i±o©Ê

2. ³]©w§Aªº Linux ¨t²Î¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

     * 2.1 ³]©w Linux ®Ö¤ß
     * 2.2 µwÅé©M devicefiles
     * 2.3 ¨ú±o³nÅé¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

3. ¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

     * 3.1 ¿N¿ý¥úºÐ¤ù (¯Â¸ê®Æ)
     * 3.2 ¿N¿ý­µ¼Ö¥úºÐ
     * 3.3 ²V¦X¦¡¥úºÐ

4. ±`°Ý°ÝÃD¤Îµª®×

     * 4.1 "¿N¿ýµ{§Ç¦³¦h±Ó·P"
     * 4.2 "fragmentation ·|§_¼vÅT¿é¥X©O¡H"
     * 4.3 "¬O§_¥i¥H±N¥úºÐ¼v¹³ÀÉÀx¦s¦b UMSDOS Àɮרt²Î¤¤©O¡H "
     * 4.4 "¦³µL¤èªk¥i¥H§JªA iso9660 ªº­­¨î¡H"
     * 4.5 "«ç¼ËŪ¨ú¤Î¼g¤J­µ¼Ö¥úºÐ¡H"
     * 4.6 "±Ò°Ê¨t²Î«á«ç¼Ë§ä´MSCSI-devices?"
     * 4.7 "¥i¥H¶i¦æ¤@¹ï¤@ªº¥úºÐ½Æ»s¡H"
     * 4.8 "Linux ¥i¤£¥i¥HŪ¨ú Joliet ¥úºÐ¡H"
     * 4.9 "«ç¼Ë¥Î¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷Ū¨ú¥úºÐ¡H"
     * 4.10 "«ç¼Ë©ñ¦h¨Ç¸ê®Æ¨ì¥úºÐ¤¤¡H"
     * 4.11 "How to make bootable CD-ROMs?"
     * 4.12 "How to make CD-ROMs writable somehow?"
     * 4.13 "Is it possible to use several writers at once?"
     * 4.14 "Which media is the best?"

5. °ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M

     * 5.1 ¦b Linux ¤U¤£¦æ
     * 5.2 Error-message: No read access for 'dev=2,0'.
     * 5.3 ¥¦¤£¯à¦b DOS ¤@¨Ï¥Î
     * 5.4 ¿N¿ý¹Lµ{¤¤¦³ SCSI ¿ù»~

6. ¶ãÁ (³o¬q¤£Ä¶)
     _________________________________________________________________

1. ²¤¶

   ²{¦b¦³«Ü¦h¤H¨Ï¥Î Linux ¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ¬O¦]¬°¥¦¤ñ¸ûí©w©M®e©ö¡C¨S¦³ÂŦâµe­±
   ©M¨S¦³§ä¥X³nµwÅé²Õ¦Xªº§xÃø¡C¥u­n§A¤@¥¹¥¿½T³]©w¦n¤§«á´N¯à¨Ï¥Î¡C³o¥÷
   CD-Writing HOWTO¸ÑÄÀ¤F«ç¼Ë³]©w¡A«ç¼Ë±N¸ê®Æ©ñ¤W¥úºÐ¤W¥H¤Î¤¶²Ð¤@¨Ç¦³½ìªº
   µ{¦¡¡C

1.1 ª©¥»Án©ú ( ³o¬q¤£Ä¶ )

   Copyright Winfried Trümper 1996,1997,1998,1999. All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use, with or without modification, are permitted
   provided that the name of the author may not be used to endorse or
   promote products derived from this software without specific prior
   written permission.

   The author disclaims all warranties with regard to this document,
   including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
   certain purpose; in no event shall the author be liable for any
   special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever
   resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of
   contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in
   connection with the use of this document.

   Short: read and use at your own risk.

1.2 Suggested readings

   ³oºô§} [1]CD-R FAQ ùئ³¤@¯ëªº FAQ Ãö©óªÅ¥Õ¥úºÐ¡A¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹©M¿N¿ý¥úºÐ©Ò
   »Ýªº³n ¥ó¡C

   ­n¥O§Aªº¥úºÐ¯à°÷Ū¨ú¥úºÐ¡A§A°_½X­n¬Ý Linux CD-ROM HOWTO Linux SCSI
   HOWTO ©M Linux Kernel HOWTO.

1.3 ¦Wµü¸ÑÄÀ ( ³o¬q¤£Ä¶ )

   CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc Read Only Memory, a storage medium
   utilizing an optical laser to sense microscopic pits on a silver
   shimmering disk. The silver shimmering comes from an aluminized layer
   which is the carrier. The pits represent the bits of the information
   (in some way) and are so petite that some billions of them fit on the
   disc. Thus a CD is a mass-storage medium.

   The term CD-R is a short form of CD-ROM recordable and refers to a CD
   that doesn't have those "microscopic pits" on it's surface. Thus it's
   empty. Instead of the silver aluminium layer a CD-R has a special film
   (colored) into which "microscopic pits" can be burned in. This is done
   by giving the laser which normally only senses the pits a little bit
   more power so he burns the pits. This action can only be taken once on
   a CD-R, although you can leave out some areas for later writing,
   creating a so called multi-session CD.

   The CD-ROM rewritable (short: CD-RW) was developed to come around the
   limitation of CD-R media. Here the laser can not even burn pits into
   the media, but it can also melt the media back into it's original
   state. This is possible, because the laser does not really burn holes
   into the media - you do not see a puff of smoke while burning and no
   voice from above tells you "target destroyed". What the laser really
   does is to trigger a phase change, thus the name "phase change
   devices" for CD-RW-writers. An example for a very similar technique
   used in daily life is the cleaning car in an ice-hockey stadion:
   during the pauses of the game, the car drives over the ice and fills
   the scratches in the ice (-> bits containing some sort of information
   about the game... hehehe) with melted splinter.

   This HOWTO deals with the task of writing CD-Rs and CD-RWs. Welcome on
   board, captain.

1.4 ¤ä´©ªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹

   §A¥i¥H¦b³oùرo¨ì¤@­Ó¸ÔºÉ¥i¥Î¤Î¤£¥i¥Î¦b¦U unix §@·~¨t²Îªº«¬¸¹¦Cªí [2]
   http://www.guug.de:8080/cgi-bin/winni/lsc.pl.

   ¥H¤U¬O¤@­Ó¯à°÷¦b cdrecord ¤U¨Ï¥Îªº«¬¸¹¼¼¼g¦Cªí¡G

Acer:           CDRW 6206A
BTC:            BCE 621E (IDE)
Compro:         CW-7502, CW-7502B
Dysan:          CRW-1622
Elite:          Elite b444.41
Grundig:        CDR 100 IPW
Guillemot:      Maxi CD-R 4X/8X
HP:             SureStore 4020i, SureStore 6020i,
                C4324, C4325
                CD-Writer+ 7100, CD-Writer+ 7200i,
                CD-Writer+ 8100i, CD-Writer+ 8110i,
Hi-Val:         CDD-3610
JVC:            XR-W2001, XR-W2010, XR-W2042, R-2626
Kodak:          PCD 200, PCD 225, PCD 260, PCD 600
Matsushita:     CW-7502
Memorex:        CRW-620, CRW-1622
Microboards:    PlayWrite 2000, PlayWrite 4000RW, PlayWrite 4001RW
MicroNet:       MasterCD Plus 4x4, MasterCD Plus 4x6
Mitsubishi:     CDRW-226
Mitsumi:        CR-2401-TS, CR-2600 TE,  CR-2801 TE, CR-4801 TE
Nomai:          680.RW
OTI:            CDRW 965
Olympus:        CDS 615E, CDS 620E
Optima:         DisKovery 650 CD-R
OTI:            CDRW 965
Panasonic:      CW-7502, CW-7582
Philips:        CDD-521/10, CDD-522
                CDD-2000, CDD-2600, CDD-3600, CDD-3610
                Omniwriter 26, Omniwriter 26A
Plasmon:        CDR 480, CDR 4220, RF-4100, RF-4102, CDR 4400
Plextor:        CDR PX-24 CS, PX-412 C, PX-R412 C
                PX-R810Ti, PleXwriter 412C
Procom:         PCDR 4
Ricoh:          RO-1420C+, MP 1420C, MP 6200S, MP 6201S
Sanyo:          CRD-R24S
Smart and
Friendly:       CD-RW226, CD-R1002, CD-R1002/PRO, CD-R1004,
                CD-R2004, CD-R2006 PLUS, CD-R2006 PRO,
                CD-R4000, CD-R4006, CD-R4012
Sony:           CDU 920S, CDU 924, CDU 926S, CDU-928E,
                CDU 948S, CDRX 100E
Taiyo Yuden:    EW-50
TEAC:           CD-R50S, CD-R55S, CDR-55S
Traxdata:       CRW 2260, CDR 4120, CDRW 4260,
Turtle Beach:   2040R
WPI (Wearnes):  CDRW-622, CDR-632P
YAMAHA:         CDR-100, CDR 102, CDR-200, CDR-200t, CDR-200tx
                CDR-400, CDR-400c, CDR-400t, CDR-400tx, CDR-400Atx
                CRW-2260, CRW-2260t,
                CRW-4250tx, CRW-4260 t, CRW-4260 tx, CRW-4261,
                CRW-4416 S

     Table 1: CD-writers supported under Linux

   ¦pªG§Aªºµw¥ó¤£³Q¤ä´©ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤´µM¥i¥H¥Î Linux ¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥úºÐ¼v¹³Àɤ£¹L§A»Ý
   ­n¥Î DOS ªº³n¥ó¨Ó±N³o­Ó¥úºÐ¼v¹³ÀÉ¿N¿ý¦Ü CD-R ¡E

1.5 ¤ä´©ªº¯S©Ê

   ²{¦b¦³¨âÃþªº¤u¨ã¥Î§@¿N¿ý CD-Rs ¡GµwÅéÅX°Êµ{¦¡©M¸ê®Æ®æ¦¡¤Æ¡CµwÅéÅX°Êµ{
   ¦¡¤ä´©¥H¤Uªº¥\¯à¡G

Supported Feature   cdwrite-2.1     cdrecord-1.6
------------------------------------------------
IDE/ATAPI           no              yes
Parallel Port       no              yes
CD-RW               no              yes
Multisession        only partial    yes

     Table 2: 

   cdwrite ¬O¤@­Óªº³n¥ó¡A¦b³oùØ´£¥X¥u¤£¹L¬O¬°¤F§¹¾ã¦Ó¤w¡C½Ð¨Ï¥Î
   cdrecord ¨Ó¥N´À¡A¦]¬°¥¦¯à¤ä´©¸û¦hªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹©M¥¦¦³¸û¦hªº¥\¯à¡C¸ê®Æ®æ
   ¦¡¤Æªº¥Øªº¬O­n²Õ´¥úºÐ¤Wªº¸ê®Æ ( ©ñ¤@­ÓÀɮרt²Î¦b¥úºÐ¤W )

Feature         mkisofs         mkhybrid
--------------------------------------------
ISO 9660        yes             yes
RockRidge       yes             yes
El Torito       yes             yes
HFS             no              yes
Joliet          no              yes

     Table 3: 

   ISO 9660 Àɮרt²Î©M Extended-2 Àɮרt²Îªº³Ì¤j¤À§O¦b©ó¡A¤@¥¹§A±N¸ê®Æ¼g
   ¤J¥úºÐ¤º´N¤£¯à§@­×§ï¡CISO 9660 Àɮרt²Îªº­­¨î¦³¥H¤U´X­Ó¡G

     * ¥Ø¿ý¾ð¥u¯à¦³ 8 ­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý (¥Ñ¥úºÐªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý¶}©lºâ°_) (¥Î RockRidge ´N
       ¥i¥H¬ð¯}³o­Ó­­¨î)
     * ÀɦW³Ìªø¥u¯à¦³ 32 ­Ó¦r¤¸
     * 650 MB ®e¶q

   RockRidge ¬O¤@­Ó¯à¥O ISO-9660 Àɮרt²Î¤ä´©ªøÀɦW¤Î¸û²`¼h¥Ø¿ýµ²ºcªº©µ¦ù
   ¡C·í§A¦b DOS ©Î Windows ©³¤UŪ¨ú¥úºÐ®É³o¨Ç©µ¦ù³£¬O¤£¥i¥Îªº¡C

   El Torito ¬O¤@­Ó¯à°÷¿N¿ý¶}¾÷¥úºÐªº©µ¦ù¡C§Aªº­Ó¤H¹q¸£ °ò¥»¿é¤J/¿é¥X¨t²Î
   ¤]¥²¶·¤ä´©³o­Ó¯S©Ê¡C²Ê²¤¦a»¡¡A¥úºÐ°ßŪ°O ¾ÐÅé¶}©lªº 1.44 Mbyte §t¦³¥Ñ
   §A¨Ñµ¹ªº³nºÏ¤ùºÏ½L¼v¹³¡C°ò¥»¿é ¤J/¿é¥X¨t²Î·|§â³o­Ó¼v¹³·í§@³nºÏ¤ù¯ë±Ò°Ê
   ¥¦¡C

   HFS ¯àÅý macintosh Ū¨ú¥úºÐ¤ºªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦pªG¥úºÐ¤ºªº¸ê®Æ ¬O HFS Àɮרt²Î
   ªº¸Ü¡E( ³o¬O MacOS ªº­ì¥ÍÀɮרt²Î )¡C

   Joliet §âªøÀɦW±a¨ì Windows ªº·sª©¥»¤¤ (95, 98, NT)¡E¾Ú§@ ªÌ©Òª¾¡A¼È®É
   ¨S¦³¤@ºØ¤u¨ã¯à°÷¥O DOS ¤Î Windows 3.11 ¤ä´©ªøÀÉ ¦W¡C

   ³¡¤À 2.8 §â´£¨ìªº³nÅé³£¤@¤@¦C¥X¡C

1.6 ³q°T½×¾Â

   ¦pªG§A·Q°Ñ¥[¶}µo¹Î¶¤ (¦³¤@­Ó¥D°Ê À°§U ¥L­Ìªº¤ß), ¹q¶l¦Ü
   cdwrite-request@other.debian.org ©M¦b¹q¶l¤º®e¼g¤W subscribe¡C

1.7 ¥i±o©Ê

   ³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»¥i¸g±`¦b³oùØÀò±o [3]http://www.guug.de/~winni/linux/
   .

2. ³]©w§Aªº Linux ¨t²Î¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

   ¦pªG§A¦¨¥\³]©w§AªºµwÅé©M§A Linux ¨t²Îªº¨ä¾l³¡¥÷¡A ©R¥O cdrecord -
   scanbus ·|µ¹§A¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó¥i¼g¤J¸Ë¸mªº¦Cªí¡C ³o­Ó ³¹¸`ªº¥Øªº¬O­n¦b³]©w§Aªº
   Linux ¨t²Î®É¾É¤Þ§A¡A¦]¦¹³Ì«á§A·|¬Ý¨ì ¦p¤Uªº°T®§¡G

shell> cdrecord -scanbus
Cdrecord release 1.7a1 Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Jörg Schilling
scsibus0:
          0) 'Quantum ' 'XP34300         ' 'F76D' Disk
          1) 'SEAGATE ' 'ST11200N        ' '8334' Disk
          2) *
          3) 'TOSHIBA ' 'MK537FB/        ' '6258' Disk
          4) 'WANGTEK ' '5150ES SCSI-36  ' 'ESB6' Removable Tape
          5) 'EXABYTE ' 'EXB-8500-85QUE  ' '0428' Removable Tape
          6) 'TOSHIBA ' 'XM-3401TASUNSLCD' '3593' Removable CD-ROM
          7) *
scsibus1:
        100) 'Quantum ' 'XP31070W        ' 'L912' Disk
        101) *
        102) *
        103) 'TEAC    ' 'CD-R55S         ' '1.0H' Removable CD-ROM
        104) 'MATSHITA' 'CD-R   CW-7502  ' '4.02' Removable CD-ROM
        105) *
        106) 'YAMAHA  ' 'CDR400t         ' '1.0d' Removable CD-ROM
        107) *

     Listing 1: Detecting devices on your SCSI-bus

   ³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¬O¥Ñ Jörg Schilling ÔV¨Ñªº¡A§A²{¦b·|¬Ý¨ì¤@¦@¦³¥|­Ó¥i¿N ¿ý¾¹¡C
   ÁöµM§A²{¦b¬O¤£¯à¤À§O¨º¤@­Ó¥úºÐ¾÷¬O§_¬°¤@­Ó¥i¼g¤J¥úºÐ ¾÷¡A¤£¹L§A¥i¥H¦b
   ²£«~ªºÃѧO¸¹¤¤¬Ý¥X¥¦¬O¤@­Ó°ßŪ¡B¥i¼g©Î¬O¥i ­«¼g¥úºÐ¾÷¡C

2.1 ³]©w Linux ®Ö¤ß

   ¤@­Ó Linux ®Ö¤ß¥i¥H¥]§t«Ü¦hÅX°Êµ{¦¡©M¥\¯à¡C§A¥i¥H±N¨º¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡ ½sĶ¶i
   ®Ö¤ß¼v¹³¤¤©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H±N¥¦­Ì½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ¡AµM«á«Ý¦³»Ý­nªº®É­Ô ¤~±N¥¦­Ì¸ü¤J
   ®Ö¤ß¤¤¡C¦Ó«Øijªº¤èªk¬O±N¥²¤£¥i¤ÖªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡½sĶ¶i®Ö ¤ß¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§A¦³
   ¤@­Ó IDE ªº Harddisk¡A¨º§A¤@©w±NIDE Harddisk ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡½sĶ¶i®Ö¤ß¤¤ (
   ¤£­n½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ )¡C

   ²{¦s¦³¤TÃþªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¡GSCSI¡AIDE/ATAPI ©M¥~¸m¥­¦æ°ð¡Cªí®æ¥|®i¥Ü¥X «ç
   ¼Ë³]©w Linux ªº®Ö¤ß¨Ó¤ä´©³o´XºØ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¡Cªí®æªº²Ä¤@¦C¬O³]©w¿ï³æ ¡A§A
   ¥i¥H¦b³o¼Ë§ä¨ì¦³Ãöªº³]©w¡Cªí®æªº²Ä¤G¦C¬O¥\¯à»¡©ú¡Cªí®æªº²Ä¤T¦C¬O ¼Ò²Õ
   ¦WºÙ¡C

   Y ¥Nªí¬O©M·N¨ýµÛ§AÀ³¸Ó§â³o­Ó©ÇÃ~©ñ¤J®Ö¤ß¡CM ¥Nªí¼Ò²Õ©M·N¨ýµÛ§AÀ³¸Ó§â¥¦
   ½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ¡C Y/M ¥Nªí§A¥i¥H¦b¨âªÌ¤§¶¡¥ô¾Ü¨ä¤@¡CªÅªº³]©w´N¤d¸U¤£­n§ï°Ê
   ¡A ¤£§ï°Ê¥¦¥i¥H¥O§A¯à¦¨¥\½sĶ®Ö¤ßªº¾÷·|¼W¥[¡C

   ­nÀˬd¨º¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß¤¤ ( ¤£½×¬OÀRºA©Î°ÊºA¸ü¤Jªº )¡A§A¥i¥H¬Ý³o
   ­Ó ÀÉ®× /dev/devices ¡C­nÀˬd¨º¨Ç¼Ò²Õ¤w¸ü¤J¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î 'lsmod'¡C­nÀˬd
   ¦³¨º¨Ç ¼Ò ¥i¥H ¸ü¤Jªº¸Ü¡AÁä¤J'modprobe -l'¡C¦pªG§A»Ý­nªº¼Ò²Õ¤£¦b§Aªº
   ¨t²Îªº¸Ü¡A§A´N­n­«·s½sĶ®Ö¤ß¤Î¦w¸Ë¥¦¡C§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Kernel-HOWTO ¨ÓÀ°§U§A
   ­« ·s½sĶ®Ö¤ß¡C¦³Ãö«ç¼Ë³B²z®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õªº³Ì·s¸ê°T¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Module-HOWTO¡C

Sect.  Description                 Module   SCSI  IDE   PP
------------------------------------------------------------
BLOCK  Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL...                     Y
BLOCK  IDE/ATAPI CDROM             ide-cd        M/N/Y
BLOCK  SCSI hostadaptor emulation  ide-scsi        M
BLOCK  Loopback device             loop       M    M     M

PARIDE Parallel port IDE device    paride               Y/M
PARIDE Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROMs                       M
PARIDE Parallel port generic ATAPI                       M
PARIDE (select a low-level driver)                       Y

SCSI   SCSI support                scsi_mod  Y/M  Y/M
SCSI   SCSI CD-ROM support         sr_mod    Y/M  Y/M
SCSI     Enable vendor-specific               Y    Y
SCSI   SCSI generic support        sg        Y/M  Y/M
SCSI   (select a low-level driver)            Y

FS     ISO 9660 CDROM filesystem   iso9660    Y    Y     Y
FS     Microsoft Joliet cdrom...   joliet     M    M     M

     Table 4: 

   ¦p§x§A¦¨¥\«Ø¥ß©Î§ä¨ì©Ò»Ýªº¼Ò²Õ¤§«á¡A§A¥i±N¥¦­Ìªº¦WºÙ¥[¤J /etc/modules
   ©Î ¥Ñ¦Û°Ê¤u¨ã¨Ó¸ü¤J¥¦­Ì (kmod,kerneld)¡C¦pªG§A¤£ªÖ©wªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Linux
   ®M¥ó ¤¤ªº»¡©úÀÉ¡C

   "SCSI hostadaptor emulation" ³o­Ó¥\¯à¦b¤§«eªºª©¥»¬O¥s°µ "SCSI
   emulation" ( ¤j·§¬O 2.0.36 )¡C¦p§x§A¥´¶}³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡A§A´N­n±NIDE/ATAPI ¥ú
   ºÐªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ ½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ¡C­n¤£µM§A´N­n±N¥¦¨ú®ø©M¨Ï¥Î SCSI ªº¥úºÐÅX°Êµ{
   ¦¡¡C¦]¬° 2.2 ¨t¦C ªº®Ö¤ß¤w¤£¯à¦P®É¨Ï¥Î IDE ©M SCSI ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦b¦P¤@­Ó
   µwÅé¤W ( ¦p§x§A¬O¨Ï¥Î 2.0.36 ®Ö¤ßªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¬Ý¥H¤Uªº»¡©ú )¡C

   Loopback device ¬O¤@­Ó¿ï¾Ü©Êªº¥\¯à¡A¥¦¯àÀ°§A¦b¿N¿ý¼v¹³¤§«e´ú¸Õ¤@¤U§Aªº
   ¼v¹³ÀÉ¡C

   ¦pªG§A­nŪ¨ú¥úºÐ¡A¨º§A´N»Ý­n ISO 9660 Àɮרt²Îªº¤ä´©¡C³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤w¦Û
   °Ê¥]§tRockRidge ©µ¦ù¡C¦pªG§A»Ý­nMS Joliet ¥úºÐ©µ¦ù¡A§A«K»Ý­n½sĶ¥¦¬°¼Ò
   ²ÕµM«á¸ü¤J¥¦¡C

   ¦b¥ô¦óªº±¡ªp¤U§A³£»Ý­n¤@­Ó§C¶¥ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C§C¶¥¬O«ü¨º­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|ª½±µ»P
   µw Åé·¾³q¡C¦Ü©ó SCSI ©M¥­¦æ°ð¡A¦³«Ü¦h§C¶¥ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¥Î¡A½Ð¬Ý¥H¤Uªº»¡
   ©ú¡C

  µ¹ 2.2 ¨t²Îªº¯S§O´£¥Ü

   ¦b®Ö¤ßª©¥» 2.2.1 ¤¤¡A¤£­n¦P®É¥´¶}CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN ©Mide-scsi
   support ³o¨â­Ó¿ï¶µ¡A¦]¬° ide-scsi ¦³ÂΦӦܤ£¯à³o¼Ë°µ¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡A³£«Øij
   ¤j®a³£§â®Ö¤ß ¤É¯Å¬° 2.2.5 ¡C

   ¤@¨Ç¥Î¤á³ø§i»¡¤w½sĶ¦nªº cdrecord ©M 2.2 ®Ö¤ß¦³½Ä¬ð¡C³o¬O Linux ®Ö¤ßªº
   °ÝÃD¡C¸Ñ¨Mªº¤èªk¦p¤U¡G

     * §A¦A¦¸½sĶ cdrecord ¥H¥O¥¦¾AÀ³¦b linux/include/scsi/sg.h ùتº¯u¥¿
       ¼Æ­È«á¡A°ÝÃD´N¥i¯à¸Ñ¨M¤F¡C ¦]¬° sg ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­±¬O°×ªº¡A©Ò¥H¨º¨Ç¼Æ­È
       ¤@©w­n©M®Ö¤ß¤¤ªº¼Æ­È¤@¼Ë¤~¦æ¡C
     * ³o¥ç¥i¯à¥Ñ©ó sg ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£¯à¨ú±o¨¬°÷ªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Óµ¹ DMA¡CJörg
       Schillings FTP-site : [4]
       ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha/ §ä¨ú sg_buffer
       patch ¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C

  µ¹ 2.0 ¨t¦Cªº¯S§O´£¥Ü

   ¦b®Ö¤ß 2.0.31 ¥H«e¬O¦³«Ü¦hÂΤަܤ£¯àŪ¨ú¥úºÐ¤¤³Ì«á¤@­ÓÀɮסC½Ð¤É¯Å¨ì®Ö
   ¤ß 2.0.36¡C

   ¹ï©ó 2.0.36 ©Î¥H¤Wªºª©¥»¡A§A¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¨ººØÅX°Êµ{¦¡(IDE or SCSI) ¦b¨º­Ó
   ATAPI-device¤W¨Ï¥Î¡C§óºë½T¦a»¡¡A§A¥i¥H¥[¤J"SCSI emulation" ³o­Ó¥\¯à¨ì
   §Aªº®Ö¤ß¤¤©M§A¥i¥H¦b®Ö¤ß©R¥O¦C¤¤µ¹¯S©wªº device ±Ò°Ê¼ÒÀÀ ( ¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê
   «e©Î±Ò°Ê¤¤ )¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§Aªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¦³³o­Ó devicefile /dev/hdb¡A³o¼Ë
   ¥[¤J¥H¤Uªº¥y¤l hdb=ide-scsi¡C

image=/boot/zImage-2.0.36
  label=Linux
  read-only
  append="hdb=ide-scsi"

     Listing 2: Example configuration for lilo (/etc/lilo.conf)

linux "Linux 2.0.36" {
        image=/boot/zImage-2.0.36
        cmdline= root=/dev/hda5 readonly hdb=ide-scsi
}

     Listing 3: Example configuration for chos (/etc/chos.conf)

2.2 µwÅé©M devicefiles

   ¦b§A¦w¸Ë©Ò¦³¥²»ÝªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥H«á, ­«·s³o­Ó·s®Ö¤ß¡C¥¦À³¸Ó¦³§A¦b©¹«á³¡¥÷©Ò
   »Ý ­nªº©Ò¦³¥\¯à¡C

   [ ¦pªG§A¬O devfs ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A´N¤£»Ý­n²z·|¥H¤U¤â°Ê³]©w device files ªº
   ¨B ÆJ¡A¦]¬° devfs ·|¬°§A¿ì²z¤@¤Áªº¨Æ±¡¡C]

   ¶i¤J /dev ¥Ø¿ýµM«áÀˬd¤@¤U§A¦³¨S¦³ loopback devices¡C ÁöµM³o¤£¬O¤Ó¤j°Ý
   ÃD¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o¨Ç devices¡A¦ý¬O¦³¤F¥¦­Ì´N·|¤è«K¤@¨Ç (½Ð¬Ý 3.5 )¡E ¦pªG
   §A¦³¥¦­Ìªº¸Ü§A·|¬Ý¨ì ls «ü¥OÅã¥Üloop0-loop7¡G

shell> cd /dev
shell> ls loop*
loop0 loop1 loop2 loop3 loop4 loop5 loop6 loop7

     Listing: devicefiles for loopback

   ¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o¨Ç device-files ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î/dev/MAKEDEV-script ¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥¦
   ­Ì¡G

shell> cd /dev/
shell> modprobe loop
shell> ./MAKEDEV loop

     Listing: commands to create loopback devices

   ¦pªG§A¦³loop ¼Ò²Õ½sĶ¶i®Ö¤ß¡A³Ì«áªº«ü¥O§A¤~¥i¥H¦¨¥\°õ¦æ¡C§A¦b³o ùجݨì
   ¦³Ãö«ç¼Ë³B²z loop-devicefiles ªº¤èªk§A¦P¼Ë¥i¥HÀ³¥Î¦b¨ä¥L devicefiles
   ¤¤(sg*, pg*, hd*, ...) ¤£¹L¦b¥H«áªº³¹¸`´N¤£·|©ú½T»¡©ú¡C

  IDE/ATAPI ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹

   ATAPI ¥Nªí "SCSI ªº©R¥O¦b IDE-bus ¤W°õ¦æ"¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A§AªºIDE/ATAPI ¥ú
   ºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹·|»¡ SCSI ¨ó©w(¤£¹L±a¦³¤@¨Ç­­¨î)¡A¨º§Y¬O¥¦·|¼ÒÀÀ¦¨¦n¹³¤@­Ó
   SCSI¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¤@¼Ë¡C

   ¦b Linux ©³¤U¥u­n§A¹B¥Î"SCSI (hostadaptor) emulation" ³o­Ó®Ö¤ß¥\¯à¨º§A
   ´N¥i¥H¥O§Aªº IDE ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¥X²{¦p¦P SCSI-devices ¨º¼Ë¡C¦pªG§A¨Ï
   ide-scsi ®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ¬¡°Ê°_¨Óªº¸Ü¡A§A´N·|¦n¹³¾Ö¦³¤@­Ó SCSI ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¨º¼Ë
   ¡C

  SCSI ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹

   ½Ð½T©w§Aªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¯à°÷³Q§A¹q¸£ªº°ò¥»¿é¤J/¿é¥X¨t²Î¤ä´©¡C¨Æ±¡´NÅܱoÉN
   ·N«ä ¦pªG§A¾Ö¦³µw¥ó¦Ó¹q¸£¤S¤£¯à¤ä´©¥¦¡C

   ¦p§x§A·Q±N§Aªº SCSI-drive ³s±µ¦Ü§A¹q¸£ªº¥­¦æ°ð¤Wªº¸Ü¡A§A»Ý­n¯S§OªºÆl½u
   ©M¯S§Oªº®Ö¤ßÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C¬Ý³o­Óºô§} [5]
   http://www.torque.net/parport/parscsi.html ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦hªº¸ê®Æ¡C

  ¤@¯ë SCSI devices

   /dev/sd* ©M /dev/sr* ³o¨Ç devicefiles ¬O¥Î¨Ó¦s¨ú SCSI µwºÐ©M SCSI ¥úºÐ
   ÅX°Ê¾¹¤£¹L SCSI ¥úºÐÅX°Ê¾¹ªº¦s¨ú¥u­­©ó block-oriented ¸ê®Æ¶Ç°e¡C³o¨Ï
   ¥¦­Ì¨º»ò§Ö³t©M¾A¦X©ó¸ê®Æ¦sÀx¡C¤£¹LÅX°Ê¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹ªº¹p®g¬O¤@¥ó§ó¥[½ÆÂøªº
   ¨Æ±¡¡A¦Ó¤£¬Oblock-oriented ¸ê®Æ¶Ç°e¨º»ò²³æ¡C­n¨Ï sd* ©M sr* devices
   «O «ù°®²b©M§Ö³t¡A¤@ºØ·sªº¸Ë¸m ¢w generic SCSI-devices´N­l¥Í¥X¨Ó¡C ¦]¬°
   ©Ò¦³¹ï SCSI µwÅ骺¾Þ§@³£¥i¥H³z¹L generic devices ¨Ó¹F¦¨¦Ó¥¦­Ì¤S¨S¦³ ¯S
   ©wªº¥Øªº©Ò¥H¥¦­Ì´N¥s°µ generic¡E

   ¦pªG§A­n§ä³o¨Ç device¡A§A¥i¥H¨ì /dev ªº¥Ø¿ý¡G

shell> cd /dev
shell> ls sg*
sg0  sg1  sg2  sg3  sg4  sg5  sg6  sg7

   ¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o¨Ç device-files ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¥Î¤U¦Cªº script ¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥¦­Ìthe
   /dev/MAKEDEV-script:

shell> cd /dev/
shell> ./MAKEDEV sg

  ¥­¦æ°ðªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹

   ¯u¹ï¤£°_¡A§Ú¨S¦³³o¤è­±ªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡C ½Ð¬Ý [6]
   http://www.torque.net/parport/paride.html ©Î§A¥»°ÏªºÀÉ
   ®×/usr/src/linux/Documentation/paride.txt.

2.3 ¨ú±o³nÅé¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

   §A¥i¥H¦b³oùاä¨ì¤@¨t¦C¿N¿ý¥úºÐªº³n¥ó [7]
   http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/pr
   ivate/cdb.html.The CD building project for UNIX

  ©R¥O¦C¤u¨ã

   §A»Ý­n¥H¤Uµ{¦¡¥]¤§¤¤¥ô¾Ü¨ä¤@¨Ó²£¥Í¥úºÐ­ì«¬¡G

     [8]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/mkisofs/ (mkisofs)

     [9]ftp://ftp.ge.ucl.ac.uk/pub/mkhfs (mkhybrid)

   µø§Aªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹«¬¸¹¦Ó©w¡A§A»Ý­n¥H¤U¨ä¤¤¤§¤@­Óµ{¦¡¨Ó±N¥úºÐ­ì«¬¼g¤J¡G

     [10]ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/ (cdrecord)

   ¤d¸U¤£­n¬Û«Hmkisofs ªº»¡©úÀÉ¡A¥¦»¡§A»Ý­n cdwrite ª©¥» 1.5 ¡A§A¥u»Ý­n
   cdrecord ´N¦n¤F¡Cª`·N¡Gcdrecord ©Ò¥]¬Aªº mkiosfs ¦³¤@¨Çªþ¥[ªº¥\¯à¡E

  Graphical user interfaces (optional)

   Front-ends ¦b Linux ¤¤¯uªº¥u¬O front-ends¡C§Y¬O§A¤´µM»Ý­n¦w¸Ë©R¥O¦C¤u
   ¨ã¡A ¤£¹L§A¥i¥H¥Î¤@­Ó¸û¦nªº¤¶­±¦Ó¤w¡C

   X-CD-Roast ¬O¤@­Ó¦b Linux ¤U®e©ö¿N¿ý¥úºÐªºµ{¦¡¶°¡C¥¦µ²¦X¤F cdrecord ©M
   mkisofs ¦b¤@­Ó¬üÄRªº¤¶­±¥H¤¤¡C

     [11]
     http://www.fh-muenchen.de/home/ze/rz/services/projects/xcdroast/e_o
     verview.html

   BurnIT ¬O¤@­Ó cdrecord, mksiofs and cdda2wav-0.95 ªº JAVA front-end ¡A
   ¡A³o¨Ï¥¦¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¦b Unix ¥­¥x¤U§¹¾ãªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¥]¸Ë¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³oùبú±o¡G

     [12]http://sunsite.auc.dk/BurnIT/

3. ¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

     "If to smoke you turn I shall not cease to fiddle while you burn."
     (Roman emperor Nero about burning his own classic-CDs, AD64. He
     misunderstood it completely.)

   ¦b Linux ¤U¿N¿ý¥úºÐ¦³¥H¤U¨â­Ó¨BÆJ¡G

     * ±N©Ò»Ýªº¸êͨ ( ÀɮסA­µ¼Ö©Î¥þ³¡ ) ¥]¸Ë¦¨¤@¨Ç¯S§O®æ¦¡ªºÀɮסC
     * ¥Îcdrecord ±N³o¨ÇÀÉ®×¼g¤J¥úºÐ¤¤¡C

   ³o¤@³¹·|¸ÔºÉÁ¿¸Ñ¿N¿ý¸ê®Æ¤Î­µ¼Ö¥úºÐªº¨BÆJ¡C

3.1 ¿N¿ý¥úºÐ¤ù (¯Â¸ê®Æ)

   ½Ð¯d·N¡A¥Ñ©ó¦¬¶°³n¥ó©Ò»Ýªº®É¶¡Á`·|¤ñ¹w­p¤¤ªºªø¡A¬G¦¹¦³¤@­Ó»Ý­n¦Ò¼{ªº
   °ÝÃD¡A«K¬O«á´Á¤~§ä¨ìªºÀɮפ£¯à¼g¤J­ì¥ý¿N¿ý¹L©Î¤w§¹¦¨¿N¿ýªº¥úºÐ¡C

   <!- ¥i­«¼g¥úºÐÀH®É³£¥i¥H¦bªÅ¾lªº¦ì¸m¼g¤J¸ê®Æ¡A¥u­n§A¨S¦³Ãö³¬¥úºÐ¡A¦A¦b
   ¥ú ºÐ¶}¤@­Ó°Ï°ì¡AÅܦ¨multi-session ¥úºÐ¡A«K¥i¼g¤J¸ê®Æ¡A¤£¹L³o­Ó°µªk¤]
   ¦³¯ÊÂI¡A´N¬O·|®ö¶OÀɮץؿýªíªºªÅ¶¡¡C --> ÁÙ­nºò°O¥úºÐ¤¤¦³¤@©w®e¶qªºªÅ
   ¶¡·|¥Î§@Àx¦sISO-9660-Àɮרt²Îªº¸ê®Æ¡A³q ±`·|¥Î¤W¼ÆMB¡A©Ò¥H¤@°¦650MBªº
   ¥úºÐ¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¥u¦³¬ù620MB¥i¥Î¡C

  «Ø¥ß¥úºÐ¼v¹³ÀÉ

   ¥ô¦ó¤@ºØÀx¦s´CÅé¡A¤£½×³n¤ù¡AµwºÐ¡A§í©Î¥úºÐ¡A¦b¨Ï¥Î«e³£¥²¶·¥ý«Ø¥ß ÀÉ®×
   ¨t²Î¡A¦bDOS¦Ó¨¥§Y®æ¦¡¤Æ¡A¨Ï¨ä¾Ö¦³¤@­ÓÀɮרt²Î¡C³o­ÓÀɮרt²Î ±N·|¥Î§@²Õ
   ´¤Î¦X¨ÖÀx¦s´CÅé¤WªºÀɮסC

   ¤@¯ë¥Î¨Ó®æ¦¡¤ÆµwºÐ¾÷¤À³Î°Ïªº¤u¨ã³£·|¥ý¼g¤J¤@­ÓªÅªºÀɮרt²Î¨ìµwºÐ¤À³Î°Ï
   ¤¤¡A µM«á¥¦«K·|³Q±¾¤W©M¦b¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦³»Ýªº®É¤~§Û¼gÀɮצb¨ä¤¤¡C¤£¹L¤@°¦¥i¿N
   ¿ý¥úºÐ¥u¯à ¼g¤J¤@¦¸¡A¦pªG§Ú­Ì¼g¤J¤@­ÓªÅªºÀɮרt²Î¡A¥¦´N·|³Q®æ¦¡¤Æ ¢w
   ¤£¹L¥¦¥Ã»·³£·|¬O ¤@°¦ªÅªº¥úºÐ¡C¥i­«¼gªº¥úºÐ³£¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡A¦]¬°§A¤£¯à§ïÅÜ
   arbritary sectors ¡A¤£ ¹L§A¥i¥H®ø°£¾ã°¦¥úºÐªº¤º®e¡C

   ©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì»Ý­n¤@­Ó¤u¨ã¯à°÷¤@Ãä§Û¼gÀɮפ@Ãä«Ø¥ßÀɮרt²Î¦b ¥úºÐ¤¤¡E³o¤u¨ã
   ¥s°µ mkisofs¡E¥H¤U´N¬O³o¤u¨ãªº¨Ï¥Î ¨Ò¤l¡G

mkisofs  -r   -o cd_image   private_collection/
              `---------'   `-----------------'
                   |               |
                ¼g¤J¦Ü      ¥H³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý°µ¿é¤J

   '-r' ¿ï¶µ³]©w©Ò¦³¦b¥úºÐ¤¤ªºÀɮ׬°¤½²³¥iŪ©M¶}±Ò Rock Ridge ©µ¦ù¡C ³o¬O
   «Ü¦h¤H·Q­nªºªF¦è¤£¹L¨Ï¥Î«e§A¥²¶·ªÖ©wª¾¹D§A¦Û¤v¦b°µ¤°»ò¡C (´£¥Ü¡G¨S¦³
   '-r' ¿ï¶µªº¸Ü¨º­Ó mount-point ´N·|Åܦ¨ private_collection!)¡C

   mkisofs ·|¹Á¸Õ±N©Ò¦³ÀɮתºÂର DOS ªº8.3®æ¦¡¥H½T«O³Ì°ªªº­Ý®e©Ê¡C ­Y¹J
   ¤W©R¦W½Ä¬ð (¤£¦PÀɮצ³¬Û¦Pªº¦WºÙ)¡A³o®É´N·|¦bÀɮפ¤¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦r¦Ó¦³Ãö¸ÓÀÉ
   ®×ªº¸ê®Æ´N·|¦b STDERR (³q±`³£¬O¿Ã¹õ) ¤¤Åã¥Ü¡C ¤£­n¾á¤ß¡G¦b Linux ¤¤§A
   ¥Ã»· ¤£·|¬Ý¨ì 8.3 ®æ¦¡ªºÀɮצ]¬° Linux ·|¨Ï¥Î Rock Ridge ©µ¦ù¦Ó©Ò¦³ÀÉ
   ®×ªº¸ê®Æ³£ ·|¦b Rock Ridge ©µ¦ù¤¤ (¨Ï¥ÎÅv­­¡AÀɮצWºÙ¡Aµ¥µ¥)¡C

   ¨ì²{¦b§A¥i¯à·|°Ý¬°¤°»ò mkisofs ªº¿é¥X¤£ª½±µ¼g¤J¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷¤¤¡C³o¦³ ¨â­Ó
   ­ì¦]¡G

     * mkisofs ¤£¾å±o«ç¼ËÅX°Ê¥i¼g¥úºÐ¡C
     * §A¥i¯à»Ý­n¦b¿N¿ý«e´ú¸Õ¤@¤U¼v¹³ÀÉ¡C
     * ¦bºCªº¾÷¾¹¤¤¥¦·|¥i¾a¨Ç (¬Ý³¹¸` 4.).

   ·|¦b¤U­±Á¿­z«ç¼Ë¿N¿ý¤@°¦¥úºÐ¡C

   ¦³¨Ç¤H¥i¯à·|·Q¤£¦p«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¿W¥ßªº¤À³Î°Ï¨Ó¼g¤J¼v¹³¥H¥N´ÀÀɮסC §Ú¨Ã¤£ÃÙ
   ¦P³o¦P¤èªk¦]¬°¦pªG§A¼g¤J¨ì¿ù»~ªº¤À³Î°Ï(¥Ñ¥´¦r¿ù»~©Ò³y¦¨)ªº¸Ü ¡A§A«K·|
   ¿ò¥¢¾ã­Ó Linux ¨t²Î (§Ú´N¸Õ¹L³o±¡ªp)¡C¦AªÌ¡A³o¼Ë°µ·|³y¦¨ºÏºÐ ªÅ¶¡®ö¶O
   ¦]¬°¥úºÐ¼v¹³¬O¤@ºØ¼È®É©Êªº¸ê®Æ¡A·í¥¦³Q¿N¿ý¨ì¥úºÐ«á¥¦«K¥i¥H§R °£¡C¤£¹L
   ¥ÎµwºÐ¤À³Î°Ï¥i¥H¸`¬Ù§A§R°£¤@­Ó 650 MB Àɮתº®É¶¡¡C (¤£¹L¦pªG §A¦³¤@­Ó
   ÃB¥~ªº¤À³Î°Ï¥i¥H¥O§A¸`¬Ù§R°£¼v¹³Àɪº®É¶¡¡C)

  ´ú¸Õ¥úºÐ¼v¹³ÀÉ

   Linux ¥i¥H¦n¦üºÏºÐ¤À³Î°Ï¯ë±NÀÉ®×±¾¤W¡C³o¬O¤@­Ó«Ü¦n¥Îªº¥\¯à¥¦¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó
   Àˬd¥Ø¿ý°t¸m©MÀɮרϥÎÅv­­¬O¤£¬O§A©Ò­n¨D¨º¼Ë¡CÁöµM²{¦bªº¥úºÐ«Ü«K©y¡A
   ¦ý¬O¿N¿ý¹Lµ{¨ÌµM¬O«Ü¶O®Éªº¡A©Ò¥H§A°_½X»Ý­n°µ¤@­Ó§Ö³tªº´ú¸Õ¡C

   ­n±N ¥úºÐ¼v¹³ÀÉ ±¾¤W /cdrom ¡A½Ð¥Î¥H¤Uªº«ü¥O

mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop=/dev/loop0 cd_image /cdrom

   §A²{¦b¥i¥H¦b /cdrom ©³¤UÀˬd¤U§AªºÀÉ®× ¢w ²{¦bªº¦ì¸m«K¬O¥¦ ­Ì¦b¯u¥¿¥ú
   ºÐ¤¤ªº¦ì¸m¡C­n¨ø°£¥úºÐ¼v¹³ÀÉ¡A§A¥u»Ý­n¥´ umount /cdrom ¡C(ĵ§i¡G¦pªG§A
   ¬O¨Ï¥Î Linux ®Ö¤ß 2.0.31 ©Î¥H«eªºª©¥»¡A§A´N¦³¥i¯à¬Ý¤£¨£ ³Ì«áªº´X­ÓÀÉ®×
   ¡C ½Ð¨Ï¥Î¸û·sªº®Ö¤ß¡C The option -pad for cdrecord applies to
   audio-CDs only and the optional option -pad for mkisofs requires a
   patch, which is as much work to apply than to upgrade to a bug-free
   Linux-kernel.)

   ª`·N:

     ¤ñ¸ûªº mount ¬O¤£¯à³B²z loopback-devices¡C¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Îªº mount
     ªº¸Ü²{¦b¬O®É­Ô§ó·s§Aªº Linux ¤F¡C

     ¦³«Ü¦h¤H³£«Øij§Ú¼W¥[¤@¨ÇÃö©ó¦p¦ó¨ú±o³Ì·s mout ¤u¨ãªº¸ê®Æ ¦b³o¥÷
     mini-HOWTO ¤¤¡C¦ý§Ú³£¤@¤@©Úµ´¡C¦p§x§Aªº Linux ®M¥ó ªþ°e¤Fª©¥»ªº
     mount¡G³ø§i³o¬O¤@­Ó¯äÂΡC¦pªG§Aªº §Aªº Linux ®M¥ó¬O¤£¯à»´©ö¤É¯Å¡A³ø
     §i³o¬O¤@­Ó¯äÂΡC

     ¦pªG§Ú±N©Ò¦³¦³Ãö«ç¼Ë§ó¥¿³]­p¤£¨} Linux ®M¥óªº¸ê®Æ¡A³o¥÷ mini-HOWTO
     ´N·|Åܱo«Üªø¤Î«ÜÃø¾\Ū¡C

  ¼g¤J¥úºÐ¼v¹³¨ì¥úºÐ¤¤

   ¨S¦³¤Ó¦hªºªF¦è­n°µ¡C¦pªG§A¥¼¸Õ¹L³o­Ó«ü¥O¡A²{¦b¬O®É­Ô¸Õ¤U¸Õ¤F

cdrecord -scanbus

   ³o­Ó«ü¥O·|§i¶D§A§Aªº¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷¬O±¾¦b¨º­Ó SCIS-device ¤¤¡C©Ò¦³ ¨ä¥Lªº¹Á
   ¸Õ¤èªk³£¤w¸g³Q§R°£ (¤×¨ä¬OÃö©ó generic SCSI devices ©R ¦W³W«h (naming
   scheme) ªº¦MÀI¤èªk)¡C

   ¤£¹L¦b¤¶²Ð³Ì«á¤@­Ó«ü¤µ«e¥ýÅý§Ú´£¿ô§A¥ó¨Æ¡A¦]¬°¥i¼g¤J¥úºÐ¾÷ªº½w ½Ä°Ï¬O
   «Ü¤Ö¡A©Ò¥H¥¦­n¨D©Ò¿é¤Jªº¸ê®Æ¬y¬O³sÄòªº¡C¥¿¦]¦p¦¹¡A¦b¿N¿ý ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¬O¤£
   ¥i¤¤Â_ªº¡A§_«h·|¿N¿ý¥¢±Ñ¡C¦pªG§A§R°£¤@­Ó«Ü¤jªºÀÉ®× ´N·|«Ü®e©ö¤¤Â_¸ê®Æ
   ¬y¡C¨Ò¦p¡G§A§R°£¤@­Ó 650 MB ¤j¤pÀɮתº®É­Ô¡A ®Ö¤ß«K»Ý­n§ó·sµwºÐ¤j¬ù
   650,000 ­Ó blocks (°²³]§AªºÀɮרt²Î¬O 1k ¤@­Ó block ªº¸Ü) ³o»Ý­n«Üªøªº
   ®É¶¡©M«Ü¥i¯à·|¥O¸ê®Æ¬y©µ¿ð´X ¬í¡C¤£¹L¡A¦pªG¦b¤@³¡«Ü§Öªº¹q¸£¤W¬Ý¹q¶l¡A
   ÂsÄýºô­¶©Î¬Æ¦Ü½sĶ®Ö¤ß ³£¤£·|¼vÅT¿N¿ýµ{§Ç¡C

   ½Ðª`·N¥@¤W¬O¨S¦³¤@­Ó¿N¿ý¾¹¥i¥H­«¸m¹p®gªº¦ì¸m©M¥¦¤£¯àªð¦^ ¨ü¤zÂZªºÂI¤W
   ¦A¦¸¶i¦æ¿N¿ý¡C©Ò¥H¦ó¥ôªº¾_°Ê©Î¼²À»³£¯à¨Ï§A¥¿ ¦b¿N¿ýªº¥úºÐ¨ü¨ì¯}Ãa¡C

   ¦pªG§A·Ç³Æ¦nªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¤U¥H¤Uªº«ü¤µ¡G

shell> SCSI_BUS=0   # taken from listing 1 "scsibus0:"
shell> SCSI_ID=6    # taken from listing 1 "TOSHIBA XM-3401"
shell> SCSI_LUN=0
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=$SCSI_BUS,$SCSI_ID,$SCSI_LUN \
                   -data  cd_image

# ¦P¤W­±¤@¼Ë¡A¤£¹Lµu¨Ç¡G
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -data  cd_image

   ¬°¤F¼W¥[¥iŪ©Ê¡A¥i¼g¤J¥úºÐ¾÷ªº¸ê°T³£Àx¦s¦b³o¤T­ÓÀô¹ÒÅܼƤ¤¡G SCSI_BUS,
   SCSI_ID, SCSI_LUN¡C¦Ó¿ï¶µ -data «h¬O¥Î¨Ó¿N¿ý¸ê®Æ¥ú ºÐ¥Îªº¡C

   ¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î cdrecord ¨ÓÂмg CD-RW¡A§A¤@©w­n¥Î "blank= . . ." ¨Ó§R°£©Ò
   ¦³Â¦³¤º®e¡C½Ð¬Ý man-page ¨Ó¾Ç²ß¦³¤°»ò¤èªk¨Ó²M°£©Ò¦³ CD-RW ªº©Ò¦³¤º®e
   ¡C

   ¦pªG§A¦³¤@³¡ 400 Mhz ¹q¸£¡A§A¥i¥H±N mkisofs ªº¿é¥Xª½±µ¿é¥X¦Ü cdrecord
   ¤¤¡G

shell> IMG_SIZE=`mkisofs -R -q -print-size private_collection/`
shell> mkisofs -r  private_collection/  \
|cdrecord  speed=2  dev=0,6,0
            tsize=${IMG_SIZE}s  -data  -
#       don't forget the s --^         ^-- read data from STDIN

   ²Ä¤@­Ó«ü¥O¥u¬O¥Î¨ÓÀˬd¤@¤U¥úºÐ¼v¹³ªº¤º®e¨Ã¨S¦³¹ê½è¥Î³~ (§A»Ý­n¥Î
   cdrecord-distribution ¤¤ªº mkisofs ¤~¥i¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó«ü¥O)¡C§Aªº¥i¼g¤J ¥úºÐ
   ¥i¯à¤£»Ý­nª¾¹D¥úºÐ¼v¹³Àɪº¤j¤p¡A³o¼Ë§A«K¤£»Ý­n¤U³o­Ó«ü¥O¡C¿é ¥Xªº¤j¤p
   ¥²»Ý¥Î tsize-parameter ¨Ó¶Ç»¼µ¹ cdrecord¡C (³o­Ó¼Æ¦r¬OÀx ¦s IMG_SIZE
   ³o­ÓÀô¹ÒÅܼƤ¤)¡C³Ì«áªº«ü¥O¬O¥Î pipe ¨Ó¦ê³s mkisofs ©M cdrecord ³o¨â­Ó
   «ü¥O¡C

3.2 ¿N¿ý­µ¼Ö¥úºÐ

   ­n¿N¿ý¤@°¦­µ¼Ö¥úºÐªº¨BÆJ»P¿N¿ý¸ê®Æ¥úºÐªº¨BÆJ³£¤j¦P¤p²§¡C ³Ì¥D­nªº¤G­Ó
   ¤À§O¤§¤@¬O­µ¼Ö¥úºÐ¥]§t­µ­y¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç­µ­y¥²»Ý²Õ´¦¨ ¿W¥ßªº¼v¹³¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG
   §A·Q¿N¿ý¤Q±ø­µ­yªº¸Ü¡A§A´N­n«Ø¥ß¤Q­Ó¼v¹³ ÀÉ¡C¥t¤@­Ó¤À§O¬O¥úºÐ¼v¹³ªº®æ
   ¦¡¤£¬O ISO-9660 (©ÎªÌ§A·Q­nªº®æ©Î)¡A ¤£¹L¥¦¬O "16 bit stereo samples
   in PCM coding at 44100 samples/second (44,1 kHz)".

   ¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó³n¥ó¥s°µ sox ¥¦¥i¥H±N­µ¼ÖÀÉ®×Âର©Ò»Ýªº®æ¦¡¡C ¥¦ªº¥Îªk¬O«Ü²³æ
   ª½±µ¡G

shell> sox  killing-my-software.wav  killing-my-software.cdr

   ³o­Ó«ü¥O·|±N killing-my-software ³o­ººq¥Ñ WAV ®æ¦¡Âର CDR ®æ¦¡¡C ½Ð¬Ý
   man-page ¨Ó¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö sox ©Ò½T»{ªº®æ¦¡¤Î©µ¦ùÀɦW¡C¦]¬°ÂàÅÜ ¹Lµ{»Ý­n
   ¯Ó¥ÎµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡A©Ò¥H cdrecord ¤w¤º«Ø¤ä´© WAV ©M AU ®æ¦¡¤F¡C ©Ò¥H¦pªG§Aªº
   ­µ¼ÖÀɮצ³ .wav ©Î .au (and the samplerate "stereo, 16 bit, 44,1 kHz")
   ©µ¦ùªº¸Ü¡A§A«K¤£»Ý­n°µ¤H¤âÂà´«¡C

   ¦pªG§A¦³¥Î -audio ¿ï¶µ¡Acdrecord ´N·|±N¼v¹³ÀÉ¿N¿ý¦¨­µ­y¡C¦Ó¨ä¥Lªº¿ï¶µ
   ´N¦p¦P¿N¿ý¤@¯ë¸ê®Æ¤@¼Ë (°£«D§A¦³«D¯S§Oªº­n¨D)¡C¥H¤U¤T­Ó«ü¥O³£¬O¬Û¦Pªº
   ¤£ ¹L¥¦­ÌŪ¨ú¤£¦P­µ¼ÖÀɮ׮榡¡G

shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -audio  track1.cdr track2.cdr...
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -audio  track1.wav track2.wav...
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -audio  track1.au  track2.au...

   ¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¯S§O¨Ò¤l¬O MPEG-3 ÀɮסA¥¦¥i¥H¥Î "mpg123 -s track1.mp3 >
   track.cdr" ¨ÓÂà´«¦¨©Ò»Ý­nªº®æ¦¡¡C¥t¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¥Î "8hz-mp3" ¨ÓÂà´«¦¨ WAV
   Àɮ׮榡¡C

   ¦pªG§A²{¦b¿N¿ý­µ¼Ö¥úºÐªº¸Ü¡A§A·|µo²{­µ­y¤§¶¡·|¦³ 2 ¬íªº©µ¿ð¡C ¦pªG§Aªº
   ¥i¼g¤J¥úºÐ¾÷¤ä´© "disc at once" (DAO) ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¹Á¸Õ¥Î³Ì·sªº
   cdrecord ¨Ó¸Ñ¨M¦¹¤@°ÝÃD¡C

3.3 ²V¦X¦¡¥úºÐ

   ¨S¦³¤Ó¦h­n»¡¡C¥u¥Ü½d¤F«ç¼Ë²V¦X¨Ï¥Î -data¡@©M¡@-audio ¿ï¶µ¥H¹F¨ì¿N¿ý²V
   ¦X¥úºÐ¡G

cdrecord  -v dev=0,6,0  -data  cd_image  -audio  track*.cdr

4. ±`°Ý°ÝÃD¤Îµª®×

4.1 "¿N¿ýµ{§Ç¦³¦h±Ó·P"

   µª®×¡G³o´N­n¬Ý§Aªº¿N¿ý¾¹¤F¡C³q±`¸û·sªº«¬¸¹³£·|¦³ 1MB ©Î§ó¦h¡A³o¼Ë¥¦«K
   ¥i¥H ¤ä«ù 1-2 ¬í¨S¦³¸ê®Æ¡C¦pªG§A·Q±o¨ì§ó¦hªº¸ê®Æ§A¥i¥H°Ý¥Í²£°Ó©Î¬Ý¬Ýµw
   Åé¤â¥U¡C

   ¤£ºÞ¨º¨Ç¸ê®Æ½w½Ä¾¹ªº¤j¤p¦p¦ó§A³£»Ý­n«OÃÒ¤@­Óªø®É¶¡ 300 kb/s ©Î 600
   kb/s ªº¸g±` ¿é¥X¡C

   ¤@¨ÇµwºÐ±K¶°ªº¤u§@¨Ò¦p§ó·s locate-¸ê®Æ®w¡C ´î§C maxium flow rate ´NªÖ
   ©w·|·lÃa§Aªº¥úºÐ¡F§A³Ì¦n¦b¿N¿ý¥úºÐ«e¥Î cron¡A at ©Î anacron ¨ÓÀˬd¤@¤U
   §A¦³§_°õ¦æ³o¨Ç¤u§@¡C

   ¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¦³¨Ç¤H»¡¥L­Ì¯à¤@­±½sĶ®Ö¤ß¤@­±¿N¿ý¥úºÐ³£¨S¦³¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡C ªº½T
   §A­n¤@³¡«Ü§Öªº¾÷¾¹¤~¯à°µ³o­Ó¹êÅç¡C

4.2 "fragmentation ·|§_¼vÅT¿é¥X©O¡H"

   Fragmentation ³q±`³£¤£·|¼vÅT¿é¥X¡C¤£¹L§A¥i¥H«Ü®e©ö¨î³y pathological
   cases of fragmentation ¨Ó´î§C§AªºµwºÐ¿é¥X¤j¬ù 100 kbyte/second¡C©Ò¥H¤d
   ¸U¤£­n³o¼Ë°µ¡C:-)

   ¬Oªº¡A§AªºµwºÐ·| fragmented ¸g¹L¸g¦~ªº¨Ï¥Î¡C¦pªG¶V§Öfragmented¡A¨ºÀÉ®×
   ¨t²Î«K¶V º¡¡C¸g±`«O«ù 10% ©Î 20% ªºªÅ¶¡¡A³o¼Ë¿N¿ý¥úºÐ«K¨S¦³°ÝÃD¤F¡C

   ¦pªG§A¤£ªÖ©wªº¸Ü§A¥i¥H¬Ý¬Ý±Ò°Ê®Éªº°T®§¡A§A´N¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì§AªºÀɮרt²Î¦³´X¦h
   ºÏºÐªÅ¶¡ fragmentation ªº¦Ê¥÷¤ñ¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¤@­Ó«D±`¦MÀIªº«ü¥O

shell> e2fsck -n  /dev/sda5        # '-n' is important!
[stuff deleted - ignore any errors]
/dev/sda5: 73/12288 files (12.3% non-contiguous)

   ¦b³o­Ó½d¨Ò¤¤ºÏºÐªÅ¶¡¦ü¥G«D±`ÃP´² ¢w ¤£¹L³oùØ¥u¦³ 73 ­Ó«D±`¤pªºÀɮצb³o
   ­ÓÀɮרt²Î¤¤¡A©Ò¥H³o­Ó¥u¤£¹L¬O¤@­Ó«Ü¤Öªº­È¡C

   ²{¦b¦³¤@­Ó¹êÅç©Êªº¤u¨ã³n¥ó¥s°µ e2defrag ¥¦¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó defragment
   extended-2 Àɮרt²Î¡C¤£¹L²{¦bªºª©¥»¦b¨p¤HÀô¹Ò¤¤ÁÙ¬O¤£°÷í©w¡C¦pªG§A¯u
   ·Q defragment §A ªºÀɮרt²Î¡A½Ð¥ý³Æ¥÷ (³Ì¦n¡G¨â¥÷)¡A¹Á¸Õ restore ³Æ¥÷
   ¡AµM«á«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó·sªºÀɮרt ²Î (·|¯}Ãa¦³ªº) ³Ì«á¦A restore ³Æ¥÷¡CÁ`¤§³o
   ¬O³Ì¦w¥þªº§Þ¥©¡C

4.3 "¬O§_¥i¥H±N¥úºÐ¼v¹³ÀÉÀx¦s¦b UMSDOS Àɮרt²Î¤¤©O¡H "

   ¥i¥H¡C¥u¦³¤@­ÓÀɮרt²Î¬O¤£¯à¥i¾a©M§Ö³t¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐªº¡A³o´N¬O network
   filesystem (NFS)¡C

   §Ú²{¦b¬O¦b¤@³¡ (486/66) PC ¤¤¨Ï¥Î UMSDOS ¨ÓÅýLinux ©M DOS/Win ¦@¨ÉºÏºÐ
   ªÅ¶¡¡A¦Ó³o³¡ 486 ¬O±Mªù¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ¥Îªº¡C

4.4 "¦³µL¤èªk¥i¥H§JªA iso9660 ªº­­¨î¡H"

   ¥i¥H¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¥ô¦ó¤@­ÓÀɮרt²Î¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ¡C¤£¹L§A¤£¯à¦b¨ä¥Lªº¾Þ§@¨t²Î¤¤
   ¨Ï ¥Î³o°¦¥úºÐ¡C

   ¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk´N¦æ¤F¡G

     * «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó 650 MB ªºªÅÀɮסC

dd if=/dev/zero of="empty_file" bs=1024k count=650

     * µM«á«Ø¥ß¤@­Óextended-2 Àɮרt²Î¦b³o­ÓÀɮפ§¤W

bash> /sbin/mke2fs  empty_file
empty_file is not a block special device.
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y

     * ¥Îloopback-devices ¨Ó±¾¤W³o­ÓÀÉ®×

mount -t ext2 -o loop=/dev/loop1 empty_file /mnt

     * §Û¼g¤@¨ÇÀɮרì /mnt µM«á¨ø°£¡C
     * ¥Î cdwrite ©Î cdrecord ¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý³o­ÓÀÉ®× ( ¥¦²{¦b¸Ó¤£¬OªÅªº ) ¬O¤£¬O
       iso9660-¼v¹³¡C

   ¦p§x§A·Q¦b/etc/fstab ¥[¤@­Ó¥X¤J¤fµ¹¨º°¦¥úºÐªº¸Ü¡A§A«K»Ý­n¨ú®ø¹ï¨º°¦¥ú
   ºÐªºÀˬd¡A¨Ò¦p¡G

/dev/cdrom  /cdrom  ext2  defaults,ro  0 0

   ²Ä¤@­Ó¹s¥Nªí "¤£­n¥]§t¦b dumps" ¡A²Ä¤G­Ó¹s¥Nªí "¦b±Ò°Ê®É¤£­nÀË¿ù»~" (
   fsck ±N¤£·|Àˬd¥úºÐ¤ºªº¿ù³B ) ¡C

4.5 "«ç¼ËŪ¨ú¤Î¼g¤J­µ¼Ö¥úºÐ¡H"

   ²{¦b¦³¦h­Ó³n¥ó¡C³Ì·sªº¥s§@ "cdpranoia" ¥¦¥i¥H¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è¤U¸ü

     [13]http://www.mit.edu/afs/sipb/user/xiphmont/cdparanoia/index.html

   ©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¹Á¸Õ "cdda2wav" ©M "sox" ªº²Õ¦X¡A¥i¥H¦b sunsite ©M¥¦ªº
   mirror ¤¤¨ú±o

     [14]
     ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/cdrom/cdda2wav0.71.src.t
     ar.gz

     [15]
     ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/convert/sox-11gamma-cb3.
     tar.gz

   cdda2wav ¥O§A¥i¥H¥Ñ¥úºÐ¤¤§ì¨ú¨ì¤@¬q¯S©wªº(©Î¤@¾ã±ø)­µ­yµM«á¥i¥H ±N¥¦Âà
   ¬° .wav ÀɮסC sox ¥i¥H±N wav ÀÉ®×Âà¦^­µ¼Ö¥úºÐªºcdda ®æ¦¡¡A µM«á¥i¥H¥Î
   cdwrite ±N¥¦¿N¿ý¦b¥úºÐ¤W¡C ¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î³Ì·sª©¥»ªºcdrecord ¡A§A«K¤£»Ý­n
   ¨Ï¥Î sox ¦]¬° cdrecord ¤w¤º¸m¤ä´© .au ©M .wav ÀɮסC

4.6 "±Ò°Ê¨t²Î«á«ç¼Ë§ä´MSCSI-devices?"

   drivers/scsi/scsi.c ¦³©Ò»Ý­nªº¸ê®Æ¡C

/*
 * Usage: echo "scsi add-single-device 0 1 2 3" >/proc/scsi/scsi
 * with  "0 1 2 3" replaced by your "Host Channel Id Lun".
 * Consider this feature BETA.
 *     CAUTION: This is not for hotplugging your peripherals. As
 *     SCSI was not designed for this you could damage your
 *     hardware !
 * However perhaps it is legal to switch on an
 * already connected device. It is perhaps not
 * guaranteed this device doesn't corrupt an ongoing data transfer.
 */

   Please note that this should only be used if your add SCSI-devices at
   the end of the chain. Inserting new SCSI-devices into an existing
   chain disturbs the naming of devices (directory /dev) and may destroy
   the complete content of your harddisk.

4.7 "¥i¥H¶i¦æ¤@¹ï¤@ªº¥úºÐ½Æ»s¡H"

   ¥i¥H¡C¤£¹L§A­nª`·Nªº¬O¦pªG·íŪ¨ú¥úºÐ®É¦³¥ô¦óªº¿ù»~µo¥Í¡A³£¥i¯à¥OªW¼g¥¢
   ±Ñ¡C

   ²Ä¤@­Ó±¡ªp¡G§A¦³¤@­Ó¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷©M¤@­Ó°ßŪ¥úºÐ¾÷¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº«ü¥O

cdwrite -v -D /dev/sgc --pad -b  $(isosize  /dev/scd0) /dev/scd0
or
cdrecord -v dev=3,0 speed=2 -isosize /dev/scd0

   §A¥i¥H±q/dev/scd0 Ū¨ú¸ê®Æ¬yµM«áª½±µ¸g¥Ñ/dev/sgc ¼g¤J¥úºÐ¤¤¡C

   ²Ä¤G­Ó±¡ªp¡G§A¨S¦³¥t¤@­Ó°ßŪ¥úºÐ¡C§A«K»Ý­n¥Î¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷¨ÓŪ¨ú¥úºÐ¡G

dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cdimage bs=1c count=`isosize  /dev/scd0`

   ³o­Ó«ü¥Oµ¥¦P©ó mkisofs ¡A©Ò¥H§A¥i¥H¥Î²Ä¤T³¹©Ò´£¤Îªº¤èªkÄ~Äò ¾l¤Uªº¤u§@
   ¡C½Ðª`·N³o­Ó¤èªk¬O¤£¾A¥Î©ó­µ¼Ö¥úºÐ¡C

4.8 "Linux ¥i¤£¥i¥HŪ¨ú Joliet ¥úºÐ¡H"

   ¥i¥H¡C³Ì·sªº®Ö¤ß (2.0.36 ©M¥H«á) ¤w¤º¸m¤ä´© joliet ®æ¦¡¡C½Ð°OµÛ§A­n¦b
   /etc/fstab ¤¤¨Ï¥Î iso9660 ©M joliet ¨â­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C­n¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê®Æ¡A§A¥i¥H¬Ý
   [16]http://www-plateau.cs.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/joliet.html.

4.9 "«ç¼Ë¥Î¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷Ū¨ú¥úºÐ¡H"

   ´N¦p¦P§A¨Ï¥Î´¶³q°ßŪ¥úºÐ¾÷¤@¼Ë¡C¨S¦³¥ô¦óªº¯S§O¡Cª`·N§A­n¨Ï
   ¥Îscd-devices (°ßŪ¥úºÐ¾÷) ¨ÓŪ¨ú¥úºÐ¡C¥H¤U«K¬O¦b/etc/fstab ¤¤ªº½d¨Ò¡G

/dev/scd0  /cdrom  iso9660  ro,user,noauto  0  0

4.10 "«ç¼Ë©ñ¦h¨Ç¸ê®Æ¨ì¥úºÐ¤¤¡H"

   ¥Î bzip2 ¥H¨ú¥N¨ä¥LªºÀ£ÁY¾¹¦n¹³ gzip ©Î pkzip¡C³o·|¸`¬Ù30%ªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡¡C
   §A¥i¥H¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è¤U¸ü

     [17]http://www.muraroa.demon.co.uk/

   Instead of writing a true audio-CD, you can optionally convert your
   wav-audio-files into mp3-audio-files and store them on a ISO-9660
   filesystem as regular files. Usually MPEG III gives you a compression
   of 1:10.

   Of course, most CD-players are not able to read files... this is the
   drawback. On the other hand, why not running the music for your next
   party from harddisk? 18 Gbyte are enough for 3000-4000 titles. :-)

   A software MPEG III-encoder is available from

     [18]http://www.stud.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/other/8hz-mp3-cheng.tar.gz

   A MPEG III-player is available from

     [19]http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/student/michael.hipp/mpg123/

   For recorded speech, you may want to try to reduce its size using
   shorten or "GSM lossy speech compression":

     [20]ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/

     [21]http://kbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~jutta/toast.html

4.11 "How to make bootable CD-ROMs?"

   You must have an 1.44 MB bootable floppy-disk. Create an exact image
   of this floppy-disk by issuing the command

dd if=/dev/fd0 of=boot.img bs=18k

   Place this floppy-image into the directory holding the collection of
   your files (or into a subdirectory of it, just as you like). Tell
   mkisofs about this file with the option '-b' and also use '-c'. For
   details read the file README.eltorito in the mkisofs-distribution.

   An interesting application for a custom bootable CD is as a virus-safe
   DOS- or Windows-system. It saves you the money for the harddisks (if
   you have a network and use samba to put the user-data on a
   fileserver). However, this is purely theoretical as nobody reported an
   actual recipe to me.

   Some details about the bootable RedHat CD-ROM is available from [22]
   http://www.channel1.com/users/rodsmith/rhjol-technical.html.

4.12 "How to make CD-ROMs writable somehow?"

   There is an overlay-filesystem available for Linux, which is mounted
   over the CD-ROM and intercepts all writing operations. New and
   modified files are stored elsewhere, but for the user it looks like
   the CD-ROM is modified. For more information, see [23]
   http://home.att.net/~artnaseef/ovlfs/ovlfs.html.

   If that is not enough for your needs: wait for the UDF-filesystem to
   be supported by Linux or help developing it (see [24]
   http://trylinux.com/projects/udf/.

4.13 "Is it possible to use several writers at once?"

   Yes. However, it has been only tested with two writers yet. And you
   need a kernel patch for more buffers in the SCSI-generic driver ( [25]
   ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha).

4.14 "Which media is the best?"

   The german computer magazine "c't" had a list of tips regarding the
   blank CD-Rs in their november 1996 issue:

     * "No-name" discs are generally not of highest quality and should
       better not be used.
     * If a recordable CD is defective, this is likely to apply to the
       whole batch (if you bought more than one at a time); maybe you are
       lucky and can at least use the first 500MB of such CD-Rs ...
     * Don't touch the CD-Rs at their shimmering side before writing.

5. °ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M

   Always remember, that you can still use corrupt CD-ROMs as coasters.
   :-)

5.1 ¦b Linux ¤U¤£¦æ

   ½Ð¥ýÀˬd§Aªº¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷¯à¤£¯à¦b¨ä¥L¾Þ§@¨t²Î¤¤¨Ï¥Î

   µM«áÀˬd¥H¤Uªº¨Æ±¡¡G

     * ±±¨î¾¹¯à§_½T»{§Aªº SCSI device?
     * ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¯à§_½T»{§Aªº¥i¼g¥úºÐ¾÷¡H
     * ¥i¤£¥i¥H¥Îªþ°eªº³n¥ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ¡H

   ¦pªG§Aªº¥i¼g¤£¯à¦b¨ä¥Lªº¾Þ§@¨t²Î¤¤¨Ï¥Îªº¸Ü¡A«Ü¥i¯à§A¦³µw¥ó½Ä ¬ð©Î§A¶R
   ¤F¤@­ÓÃaªºµw¥ó¡C

   If it works under the other operating system and you use loadlin to
   boot Linux, then that is your problem. Loadlin makes a warm-boot with
   most of the hardware already initialized and that confuses the
   Linux-kernel.

5.2 Error-message: No read access for 'dev=2,0'.

   Under Linux, some versions of the C-library are incompatible (buggy),
   so that an application linked against one version will not work with
   another. An example for an error triggered by pre-compiled binaries is
   the following:

[root@Blue /dev]# cdrecord -eject dev=2,0
cdrecord: No such file or directory. No read access for 'dev=2,0'.

5.3 ¥¦¤£¯à¦b DOS ¤@¨Ï¥Î

   ¹Á¸Õ¨Ï¥Î Linux ¡C¦b DOS ©³¤U¦w¸Ë¤Î³]©w SCSI ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¬O¤@¥ó«Ü§xÃøªº ¤u
   §@¡C Linux ¤]¤£¬O«Ü½ÆÂøªº¶Ü¡H«¢¡I

5.4 ¿N¿ý¹Lµ{¤¤¦³ SCSI ¿ù»~

   ³q±`³o¨Ç¿ù»~³£¬O¥Ñ¥H¤Uªºª¬ªp©Ò°µ¦¨ªº

     * SCSI bus ¯Ê¥Fdis-/reconnect ¥\¯à
     * µw¥ó´²¼õ¤£¨¬
     * µw¥ó·lÃa (À³¸Ó¥i¥H¥Î5.1. ªº¤èªk°»¬d)

   ¦b«Ü¦h±¡ªp¤U SCSI devices »Ý­n¥Ñ SCSI bus ¤¤ dis- and reconnect ¦Û¤v¡C
   ¦pªG¯Ê¤Ö³o­Ó¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A¦³¨Ç¥i¼g¤J¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¯à¦b¶¿ý¥úºÐ®Éµo¥Í°ÝÃD¡C

   ¤×¨ä¬ONCR 53c7,8xx SCSI ÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|¹w³]®ø°£³o­Ó¥\¯à¡A§A³Ì¦n¥ýÀˬd¤@¤U¡G

NCR53c7,8xx SCSI support                  [N/y/m/?] y
   always negotiate synchronous transfers [N/y/?] (NEW) n
   allow FAST-SCSI [10MHz]                [N/y/?] (NEW) y
   allow DISCONNECT                       [N/y/?] (NEW) y

6. ¶ãÁ (³o¬q¤£Ä¶)

   Alan Brown <alan@manawatu.net.nz>

   Art Stone <stone@math.ubc.ca>
          had the idea to put non-ISO-9660 filesystems on a CD

   Bartosz Maruszewski <B.Maruszewski@zsmeie.torun.pl>
          reported spelling mistakes

   Bernhard Gubanka <beg@ipp-garching.mpg.de>
          noticed the need of a recent version of mount to utilize the
          loopback device

   Robert Doolittle <bob.doolittle@sun.com>
          good arguments for dropping cdwrite from the HOWTO

   Brian H. Toby
          polished the wording.

   Martin Schulze <joey@Infodrom.North.DE>
          gave information about the cdwrite-mailinglist

   Dale Scheetz <dwarf@polaris.net>
          helped improving the section about creating the cdimage.

   Don H. Olive <don@andromeda.campbellsvil.edu>
          URL of the mkhybrid tool

   Erwin Zoer <ezoer@wxs.nl>

   Gerald C Snyder <gcsnyd@loop.com>
          tested writing of an ext2 CD-ROM (see 4.4)

   Janne Himanka <shem@oyt.oulu.fi>
          pointer to kernel patch to read Joliet CD-ROMs

   Joerg Schilling <schilling@fokus.gmd.de>
          information about cdrecord

   Jos van Geffen <jos@tnj.phys.tue.nl>
          noted the problem in 4.9.

   Markus Dickebohm <m.dickebohm@uni-koeln.de>

   Jesper Pedersen <jews@imada.ou.dk>

   Pierre Pfister <pp@uplift.fr>
          helped to develop the recipe on 1:1 copies.

   Rick Cochran <rick@msc.cornell.edu>
          hint about dis-/reconnect disabled by default in the ncr driver

   Stephan Noy <stnoy@mi.uni-koeln.de>
          information and experience about writing audio-CDs

   Stephen Harris <sweh@mpn.com>
          contributed hint about writing audio-CDs

   The Sheepy One <kero@escape.com>
          suggested using defective CD-ROMs as coasters for drinks

   Martti.Rahkila@hut.fi
          Reported problem with pre-initialized writers when booting via
          loadlin.

   End of the Linux CD-Writing HOWTO

References

   1. http://www.fadden.com/cdrfaq/
   2. http://www.guug.de:8080/cgi-bin/winni/lsc.pl
   3. http://www.guug.de/~winni/linux/
   4. ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha/
   5. http://www.torque.net/parport/parscsi.html
   6. http://www.torque.net/parport/paride.html
   7. http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdb.html
   8. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/mkisofs/
   9. ftp://ftp.ge.ucl.ac.uk/pub/mkhfs
  10. ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/
  11. http://www.fh-muenchen.de/home/ze/rz/services/projects/xcdroast/e_overview.html
  12. http://sunsite.auc.dk/BurnIT/
  13. http://www.mit.edu/afs/sipb/user/xiphmont/cdparanoia/index.html
  14. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/cdrom/cdda2wav0.71.src.tar.gz
  15. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/convert/sox-11gamma-cb3.tar.gz
  16. http://www-plateau.cs.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/joliet.html
  17. http://www.muraroa.demon.co.uk/
  18. http://www.stud.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/other/8hz-mp3-cheng.tar.gz
  19. http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/student/michael.hipp/mpg123/
  20. ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/
  21. http://kbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~jutta/toast.html
  22. http://www.channel1.com/users/rodsmith/rhjol-technical.html
  23. http://home.att.net/~artnaseef/ovlfs/ovlfs.html
  24. http://trylinux.com/projects/udf/
  25. ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha