¨t²Î³]¸m-HOWTO

§@ªÌ¡GGuido Gonzato, [1]guido ``at'' ibogeo.df.unibo.it
¡]ĶªÌ¡G»¯¥­±æ tchao@worldnet.att.net¡^

   v1.3.7¡A 1999¦~9¤ë6¤é½Ķ¤é´Á¡G2000¦~1¤ë1¤é
     _________________________________________________________________

   ½s¼g¥»¤åªº¥Øªº¬O­n¨Ï±z¯à§ó§Ö¡B§ó®e©ö¦a½Õ¸Õ­è¦w¸Ë¦nªº Linux ¨t²Î¡C¤å¤º
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     _________________________________________________________________

1. ¾É¨¥

     * 1.1 ¬°¤°»ò­n½s¼g³o¥÷ HOWTO
     * 1.2 §Ú­Ì±N§@¦óºØ°t¸m

2. ¤@¯ë¨t²Î³]©w

     * 2.1 ¦w¥þ°ÝÃD
     * 2.2 ¤u§@¤é»x
     * 2.3 Áä½L
     * 2.4 ±Ò°Ê©M´©±Ï³n¤ù
     * 2.5 ¤º®Ö
     * 2.6 Sendmail°±¾÷
     * 2.7 µw½L©Ê¯à
     * 2.8 ¦}Áp°ð Zip ºÏºÐ¾÷
     * 2.9 ³]³ÆÅX°Êµ{§Ç
     * 2.10 Án¥d
     * 2.11 µn¿ý«H®§
     * 2.12 ¥D¾÷¦WºÙ 
     * 2.13 ·Æ¹«¡]Mouse¡^
     * 2.14 ¥[¸ü¦ì¸m¡]Mount Points¡^
     * 2.15 lilo(8) ©M LOADLIN.EXE
     * 2.16 ¹q¤l¶l¥ó
     * 2.17 ¥´¦L¾÷ªº³]¸m
     * 2.18 SVGATextMode 

3. ºÞ²z­ûªº¤@¯ë¤u§@

     * 3.1 ºô¸ô³]¸m
     * 3.2 ¤À¨Éºô»Úºô¸ô
     * 3.3 ­­¨îºô¸ô³s±µ
     * 3.4 NFS¿é¥X
     * 3.5 °ì¦WªA°È¾¹

4. ³n¥ó³]¸m

     * 4.1 bash(1)
     * 4.2 ls(1)
     * 4.3 less(1)
     * 4.4 emacs(1) ¤å¥»½s¿è¾¹
     * 4.5 joe(1) ¤å¥»½s¿è¾¹
     * 4.6 jed(1) ¤å¥»½s¿è¾¹
     * 4.7 pine(1) ¶l¥ó¾\Ū¾¹
     * 4.8 minicom(1)
     * 4.9 efax(1) ³n¥ó
     * 4.10 Ghostscript
     * 4.11 TeX ªº¨Ï¥Î
     * 4.12 ÁקKPPPªº°ÝÃD
     * 4.13 POP¥Î¤áºÝµ{§Ç
     * 4.14 X µøµ¡¨t²Î (XFree86)
     * 4.15 ¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº³]¸m¤åÀÉ
     * 4.16 »s§@ .rpm
     * 4.17 Upgrading

5. ³]¸m³n¥ó 

6. µ²§ô

     * 6.1 ª©Åv»¡©ú¡]ĶªÌ¡G«O¯d­ì¤å¡^
     * 6.2 ¤ÏõX·N¨£
     * 6.3 §K³dÁn©úDisclaimer
     _________________________________________________________________

1. ¾É¨¥

1.1 ¬°¤°»ò­n½s¼g³o¥÷ HOWTO

   §Ú¦b³\¦h PC ¤W³£¦w¸Ë¹L Linux ¨t²Î¡Aµo²{¥Ø«e¬y¦æªº¦UºØ Linux ª©¥»³£¬Û·í
   ¤£¿ù¡A¦ý·P¨ì¤£«Kªº¬O¯Ê¤Ö¤@¨Ç°ò¥»³]¸m¤åÀÉ¡C¦h¼ÆÀ³¥Î³n¥ó¦b¦w¸Ë«á³£¥i¥ß§Y
   ¨Ï¥Î¡A ¦ý¦³¨Ç³n¥ó«o¤£¦æ¡C§ÚÁÙª`·N¨ì¦P¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¦b c.o.l.setup ¤W¤@¦A­«´_
   ¥X²{¡C¬°¤FÀ±¸É³oºØ¯Ê¾Ñ¡A¨Ã¬°¤F§Ú­Ó¤H¤è«K¡A§Ú§@¤F¤@¨Çµ§°O¡A«á¨Ó¥[¥H­×§ï
   ¼í¦â¡A ²×©ó¦¨¬°³o¥÷ HOWTO¡C¤å¤ºªþ¦³³]¸m³Ì±`¥Îªº¤@¨ÇÀ³¥Î³n¥ó©Mµ{¦¡ªº³Z
   ¬©M¹ê¨Ò¡A³oÀ³¯à¸`¬Ù±z¤£¤Ö®É¶¡©Mºë¤O¡C

   ¤å¤¤©Ò¦Cªº¤@¨Ç¹ê¨Ò¦³®É¨ú¨M¤_¨Ï¥Î¦óºØ Linux ª©¥»¡C¥Ø«e§Ú¥u¦³¦w¸Ë Red
   Hat 5.2 ªº Linux ¨t²Î¡A¤º®Ö¬O 2.0.36¡F¦]¦¹¦pªG±zªº Linux ¬O¨ä¥Lª©¥»¡A
   ¨º´N§O§â§Ú´£¨Ñªº³Z¬µø¬°ª÷¬ì¥É«ß¡C¤£¹L¡A§â§Ú´£¨Ñªº¿ìªk²¤§@­×§ï¡A §ï¥Î
   ¤_¨ä¥Lª©¥»¡A­Ë¤]¨Ã«DÃø¨Æ¡C ³o¥÷ HOWTO ¤£¯à¥N´À¨ä¥L HOWTO¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¤]µL·N
   ´À¥N¨ä¥L HOWTO ¡C½¾\¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó©M¨ä¥L HOWTO ³£·|¨Ï¤HÀò¯q­ê²L¡A¦]¦¹¦pªG±z
   ·Q¶i¤@¨B¤F¸Ñ³o®M¨t²Î¡A´N¥²»Ý¶Ô¤_¬d§ä½¾\¡C¦¹¥~¡A ¤]¤£­n·Q¦b³o¸Ì¥e«K©y
   ¡G¦pªG±zª¾¹D¹ï¬Y¤è­±¤£¤F¸Ñ¡A´N½Ð¬d§ä¬ÛÃöªº HOWTO ¡C¦A¦¸´£¿ô¡GUsenet ªº
   [2]news:comp.os.linux.setup¬O´M¨D Linux °t¸m¤è­±ªº¨ó§Uªº³Ì¦n¦aÂI¡C§Úªº
   ¤u§@¤Q¤ÀÁc¦£¡A°È½Ð¤£­n§ä§Ú¸Ñ¨M°t¸m¤è­±ªº°ÝÃD¡C

   ³o¥÷¤å¥ó¥H¤Î¤@¨Ç½Ķ¥¿¦¡¦s©ñ¦b [3]http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO¡C¦b
   ³o­Óºô§}¤]¥i§ä¨ì§Ú´£¨ìªº©Ò¦³¨ä¥L HOWTO ¡C¥»¤åªº³Ì·sª©¥»¦s©ñ¦b [4]
   http://ibogeo.df.unibo.it/guido/Configuration

1.2 §Ú­Ì±N§@¦óºØ°t¸m

   PCªºµw¥ó°t¸mºØÃþÁc¦h¡A¦ý¨Ì§Úªº¸gÅç¡A¦³¤@ºØ°t¸m¤Q¤À´¶¹M¡A§Y¸Ë¦³¤@­Ó¦E¤À
   ¬°¤T­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¡]¤@­ÓDOS/Windows°Ï¡B¤@­Ó Linux °Ï©M¤@­Ó¥æ´«¡]swap
   partition¡^°Ï¡^ªº¤j®e¶qµw½L¡B­µ®Ä¥d¡B¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡B¥ú½L¾÷¡B¥´¦L¾÷©M·Æ¹«ªº PC
   ¡C¥Ø«e¡A³\¦h PC ÁÙ¦w¸Ë¤F¥­¦æ°ðªº ZIP ºÏºÐ¾÷¡C³o¼Ë³]©wªº PC ·¥¥i¯à¬O
   Windows-Linux ·f°t²Õ¦¨ªººôµ¸¨t²Îªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¤@¯ë§@¬°ªA°È¾¹¤§¥Î¡C

   §Ú°²©w³o¨Ç³]³Æ¬O±z­n³]¸mªºµw¥ó¡A¤£¹L±N³]¸m³o¨Ç³]³Æªº¿ìªkÂà¥Î¤_¤£¦Pªºµw
   ¥ó¤]«DÃø¨Æ¡C¦¹¥~¡A §ÚÁÙ°²©w±z¦b½s¿è½Õ¸Õµw¥ó®É¡A¨ã¦³rootªºÅv­­¡C

   ¦n§a¡I²{¦b´NÅý§Ú­Ì±²°_³S¤l¨Ó·F§a¡I

2. ¤@¯ë¨t²Î³]©w

2.1 ¦w¥þ°ÝÃD

   ¦b¶}©l±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¤§«e¡A­º¥ýÀ³¸Ó¨M©w­n±Ä¥Î¦óºØ¯Å§Oªº¦w¥þ³W½d¡C¦b§@¥X³o¶µ¨M
   ©w¤§«e¡A¤£­n±N¹q¸£»Pºôµ¸³s±µ¡C ¹q¸£¦w¥þ¬O·¥¨ä­«­nªº°ÝÃD¡A¦ý¥¦¤£ÄÝ©ó³o
   ¥÷ HOWTO ªº°Q½×½d³ò¡C¤£¹L¡A­n¤F¸Ñ¹q¸£ªº¦w¥þ°ÝÃD¥i±q¨â¤è­±µÛ¤â¡G¡§
   Linux ¦w¥þºÞ²z­û¤â¥U¡¨¡] Linux Security Administrator's Guide¡^ [5]
   http://www.seifried.org/lasg ©M¡§ Linux ¦w¥þ¤â¥U¡¨¡] Linux Security
   Guide¡^ [6]http://nic.com/ ¡]Ķµù¡G¦¹³B­^¤å­ì¤å¦³º|¡^ ¤U¦C¨BÆJ¡G¨Ï
   ¥ÎShadow password¡]Shadow Password HOWTO ¡^­­¨îºô¸ô¶i¤J¾÷¾¹¡]Section
   [7]­­¨îºô¸ô¶i¤JRestricting Network Access¡^¡B ¨Ï¥Î Secure Shell ( [8]
   http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/) ©Î¨Ï¥Î Secure Remote Password ( [9]
   http://srp.stanford.edu/srp/)¡C¯¬±z¦n¹B¡C

2.2 ¤u§@¤é»x

   ­n«OÃÒ¦w¸Ë¶¶§Q¡A¥²¶·½T¤Áª¾¹D¾÷¾¹¸Ì¦w¸Ë¤F¤°»ò¡A¦ó®É§@¤F­×§ï¡A¦ó®É§@¤F²M
   °£¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦b°Ê¤â¤§«e¡A­º¥ýÀ³¸Ó«Ø¥ß¤@¥»¡§¤u§@¤é»x¡¨¡A¬ö¿ý§@¬° root ªº¤@
   ¤ÁÁ|°Ê¡F¦b§Úªº¤u§@¤é»x¤¤¡A¦³¤@¸`±Mªù¬ö¿ý©Ò¦³§ï°Êªº¨t²Î¤åÀÉ¡B¼W¥[ªº
   .rpms ©M¦w¸Ëªº .tar.gz¡C²z½×¤W¡A©¹¦^°l·¹¥H©¹ªº¥ô¦ó§ïÅÜ¡AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦^´_¨ì
   ³Ìªì­ì©lªº¦w¸Ëª¬ºA¡C

   ¤d¸U°O¦í¡A¦b§ï°Ê¥ô¦ó¨t²Î¤å¥ó¤§«e¡A»s§@³Æ¥÷¡C§ó²z·Qªº¬O¥Î RCS¡F³o¼Ë´N¯à
   °lÂÜ¥H©¹ªº©Ò¦³§ïÅÜ¡C§@¬° root¡A¨M¤£¥iÀH·N§ï°Ê¨t²Î¦Ó¤£¥[¬ö¿ý¡C

2.3 Áä½L

   ¦p¦b¦w¸Ë®É¿òº|¤F³o¤@¨BÆJ¡A©Î§ï¥Î¤F¥LºØÁä½L¡A«h»Ý­n¡G

     * ±q/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/¤¤¿ï¨ú¾A·íªºÁä½Lªí¡F¨Ò¦p¡Ait.map ´N¥Nªí¸q¤j
       §QÁä½L¡F
     * ½s¿è/etc/sysconfig/keyboard¤åÀÉ¡A¨Ï¨äŪ¨ú¡GKEYTABLE="it";
     * ³]©wÁä½Lªº­«½Æ²v©M©µ¿ð®É¶¡¡A±N¥H¤U¤º®e¥[ªþ¨ì /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
       (Red Hat) ©Î /etc/rc.d/rc.boot (Caldera) ©Î /etc/rc.d/boot
       (S.u.S.E.):

/sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500  # or whatever you like --©Î¨ä¥L³]©wªº¼Æ­È

   ­n¸ü¤JÁä½Lªí¡A¨Ï¥Î/etc/rc.d/init.d/keytable start«ü¥O¡C¨ä¥L¯S®íÁä¦ì±N
   ¦b¥H¤U¦U¸`¦A§@»¡©ú¡C

   ­n¦b¶}¾÷®É¦Û°Ê³]©w NumLock¡A«h¦b/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit¤¤¥[¤J¥H¤U¤º®e¡G

for tty in /dev/tty[1-9]*; do
  setleds -D +num < $tty
done

2.4 ±Ò°Ê©M´©±Ï³n¤ù

   ¬°­è¦w¸Ë¦nªº¨t²Î¡AÀ³¸Ó»s§@¨â¡B¤T±i±Ò°Ê³n¤ù¡A¥H³Æ¤£®É¤§»Ý¡C±z¨Ï¥Îªº
   Linux ª©¥»¥i¯à¤w¸g¥]¬A¤F»s§@³oºØ³n¤ùªº«ü¥O¡A§_«h¥i¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G

#
#
¡]Ķµù¡G§@ªÌ¦ü¥G§Ñ¤F¶ñ¤J«ü¥O¡^

   ¦¹¥~¡A¦Ü¤Ö¤]­n»s§@¤L¤ù´©±Ï³n¤ù¡C¦b [10]
   ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery¥i§ä¨ì¦UºØ´©±Ï³n¤ù¡F ¦p
   ªG±z¤£ª¾¹D¿ï¥Î­þ¤@ºØ¡A§Ú«Øij±z¸Õ¸Õ Tomsbtrt¡C

2.5 ¤º®Ö

   IMHO¡A¨ä¦¸­º¥ý­n°µªº¤u§@¬O½s¨î³Ì¾A¦X±zªº¨t²Îªº¤º®Ö¡C½s¨î¤u§@¨Ã¤£§xÃø¡A
   ¦ýµL½×¦p¦ó³£¥ý¬Ý¤@¬Ý/usr/src/Linux/¤ºªºREADMEÀɩΤº®Ö HOWTO ¡]Kernel
   HOWTO ¡^¡Cª`·N¨Æ¶µ¡G

     * ¥J²Ó·Q²M·¡»Ý­n¹q¸£§¹¦¨¦óºØ¤u§@¡C¤@¦¸¿ï©w¤º®Ö¡A¦P®É§@¥X¥²­nªº­×¸É
       ¡]patch)¡A»·¤ñ¨C¤ë§@¤@¦¸³]¸m©Î½sĶ¤@¦¸¤º®Ö¨Ó±o¬Ù¨Æ¡F¦pªG§â Linux
       §@¬°¦øªA¾¹¨Ï¥Î¡A¤×À³¦p¦¹¡C¤£­n§Ñ°O§â¥¼¨Ó¥i¯à·|¼W¥[ªºµw¥ó¡]¨Ò¦p
       ¡ASCSI¡BZip©Mºô¸ô¥dµ¥¡^³£¥ý½s¨î¦b¤º®Ö¤º¡F³q±`§Q¥Î¼Ò²Õ¬O³Ì¦nªº¿ìªk
       ¡F
     * ¦pªG§Aªº¹q¸£¥Î Cyrix ªä¤ù¡A¦Ó¤º®Ö¹ï¥¦ªº¤ä«ù¤£¨¬¡A«hÀ³§@¥X¥²­n­×¸É
       ¡A¥H«K´£°ª¹q¸£©Ê¯à¡C¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ¨£¡G [11]
       http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0591.html¡F
     * ¨Ï¥Îµ§°O«¬¹q¸£ªº¥Î¤áÀ³§ï¶i«Ì¹õªºµøı®ÄªG¡C§Ú´¿¸g«Øij­×¸É¤º®Ö¡A
       ¦ýSVGATextMode ¡]¨£ [12]SVGATextMode¤@¸`¡^¥i¯à¬O³Ì²z·Qªº¸Ñ¨M¿ìªk¡C
       ¤£½×±Ä¥Î¦óºØ¿ìªk¡A¦b [13]
       http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0239.html¥i¥H§ä¨ì¤j«¬´å¼Ðªº¤º®Ö­×
       ¸É³n¥ó¡C
     * ¦¹¥~¡A¤£­n±Nµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¦ê¦æ PCMCIA modem/fax ¥d§@¬°¼Ò²Õ½sĶ¡F±N¨ä§@
       ¬°¤º®Öªº¤@³¡¤À½sĶ¡A§_«h¡APCMCIA modem ´NµLªk¹B§@¡F
     * ¦pªG¨Ï¥Î PCMCIA ¥d¡A°O¦í°È¥²½sĶ³o¨Ç¼Ò²Õ¡F¦¹¥~¡A¦pªG¨Ï¥Î PCMCIA ºô
       ¸ô¥d¡A¤£­n§Ñ°O­×§ï/etc/pcmcia/network.opts¡F
     * ¦pªG«Ì¹õÅã¥Ü¨Ó¦Ûmodprobeªº«H®§¡A«ü¥X¤£¯à½T©w¬Y¨Ç¼Ò²Õªº¦ì¸m¡A³oªí¥Ü
       »Ý­n­×§ï/etc/conf.modules¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦pªG¤£¨Ï¥Îipx©Mappletalk¼Ò²Õ¡A«h
       ¼W¥[¤U¦C¨â¦æ¡G

alias net-pf-4 off
alias net-pf-5 off

     * ¬°¤F¸`¬Ù¤U¦¸°t¸m©M½sĶ¤º®Öªº®É¶¡¡A¤£§«±N°t¸m³]©w§@¬°¤@­Ó¤åÀɧ´µ½«O
       ¦s¡Cª`·N¡G ¦pªG¤º®Ö¤É¯Å¡A«h³o­Ó°t¸m³]©wÀÉ¥²µMµL¥Î¡A¦]¬°¥¦¨S¦³¥]§t
       ·s¤º®Öªº¦UºØ­n¯À¡C

2.6 Sendmail°±¾÷

   ¦³¨Ç¨t²Îªºsendmail·|¨Ï¾÷¾¹¦b±Ò°Ê®É°±¹y¨â¡B¤T¤ÀÄÁ¡C­ì¦]¦³¤G¡G ¡]1¡^¾÷¾¹
   ¨S¦³»Pºô»Úºô¸ôª½±µ³s±µ¡F¡]2¡^ª½±µ³s±µºô»Úºô¸ô¡A¨Ã¦³¥Ã¤[ªºIP¦a§}¡C

   ¥ß§Y¸Ñ¨M²Ä¤@ºØ°ÝÃDªº¿ìªk¬O½T©w/etc/hosts¤º¦³¤U¦C¤@¦æ¡G

127.0.0.1   localhost

   ³y¦¨°±¹yªº²Ä¤GºØ­ì¦]¬O©¹©¹¦b/etc/hosts¤º¦³¤º®e¦p¤Uªº¤@¦æ¡G

127.0.0.1   localhost   your_host_name

   ¥i±N¨ä¤À¦¨¥H¤U¨â¦æ¡G

127.0.0.1    localhost
w.x.y.z      your_host_name

   ¦P®É½Ð°Ñ¦Ò [14]Hostname¤@¸`

2.7 µw½L©Ê¯à

   ¦pªGÂÔ·V¨Ï¥Î hdparm(8)´N·|¤j¤j´£°ª (E)IDE µw½Lªº©Ê¯à¡C°²³]¨Ï¥Îªº Linux
   ¤¤¨S¦³¥]§t³o­Ó³n¥ó¡A¥i±q [15]
   ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/hardware¬d§ä¡F³]ªk¦b³o­Óºô§}¤W
   §ä¤@­ÓºÙ¬°hdparm-X.Y.tar.gzªº³n¥ó¡C

   ¥Ñ¤_¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó³n¥óªº²Ó¸`¨ú¨M¤_µw½LªººØÃþ©M±±¨îµ{§Ç¡A¦]¦¹¦b¦¹µLªk´£¥X³q«h
   ¡C¨Ï¥Î¤£·í¡A ¥i¯à·|·l¤Î¤åÀɨt²Î¡A¦]¦¹¨Ï¥Î¤§«e¡A°È¥²¸Ô²Ó¾\Ū man »¡©ú¡C
   ¥H³Ì²³æªº¨Ò¤l¦Ó¨¥¡A¦b/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit¤º¥i¼W¥[¤@¦æ¡A¤º®e¦p¤U¡G

/sbin/hdparm -c1 /dev/hda  #  -- °²©w¬°²Ä¤@­Ó IDE µw½L

   ³o¦æ´£¨Ñ¤F (E)IDE 32-bit I/O ªº¤ä«ù¡CÃö©ó -m ¿ï¶µ¡Ahdparmªº§@ªÌ Mark
   Lord §i¶D§Ú¡G

     (...) ¦pªG¨t²Î¤ºªº²Õ¥ó¬O«e¤L¦~ªº²£«~ [< 1997]¡A¤@¯ë³£¨S¦³°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG
     ¬O¦Ñªº³]³Æ¡A¥i¯à¤£¦æ¡]¦ý¤]³\¨S°ÝÃD¡^¡C¯u¥¿µo¥Í°ÝÃDªº¬O 2 - 3 ¦~«e
     ¦b 486 ©M ¡]¦­´Á¡^586 ¥ÀªO¤W¼sªx¨Ï¥Îªº CMD0646 ©M RZ1000 ³o¨âºØ´¹¤ù
     ¡C

   ¤U¦C³]¸mÀ³¥i¨Ï¥Î¤_³Ìªñªº¹q¸£¡G

/sbin/hdparm -c1 -A1 -m16 -d1 /dev/hda

2.8 ¦}Áp°ð Zip ºÏºÐ¾÷

   §Q¥Î³Ìªñ¤º®Ö¡]2.x.x¡^©Ò±aªºÅX°Êµ{§Ç´N¥i¨Ï¥Î¦}Áp°ðªº Zip ºÏºÐ¾÷¡C¦b³]¸m
   ¤º®Ö®É¡A°È¥²¥[¸Ë¨Ï¥Î SCSI ©M SCSI ºÏ½Lªº¥\¯à¡Cª`·N¡G¥´¦L¾÷©M Zip ºÏºÐ
   ¾÷¦@¥Î¦}Áp°ð®É¥i¯à·|µo¥Í½Ä¬ð¡A¦]¦¹³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î¤º®Ö¼Ò²Õ³]¸m¡C¦b [16]
   http://www.torque.net/ ¤WÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó¥N¥Îªº ppa ÅX°Êµ{§Ç¡C

   Zip ºÏ¤ù¥X°â®É¤w¸g®æ¦¡¤Æ¡A¨ä¤À³Î¬° /dev/sda4¡C¦b³]©w Zip ºÏºÐ¾÷®É¡A¦b
   /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit Àɤ¤¥[ªþ¤U¦C¤º®e¡G

# Enable the Zip drive  -- ³]©w Zip ºÏºÐ¾÷
/sbin/modprobe ppa

   Zip ºÏ¤ù¥i¦b/etc/fstab¤¤¥[¦C¥H¤U¤º®e©Î³q¹L Mtools ¦b/etc/mtools.conf¤¤
   ¼W¥[¤U¦C¤º®e¥[¸ü¡G

drive z: file="/dev/sda4" exclusive

   ¦¹¥~¡Amzip«ü¥O¤]¥i¥Î¤_¼u¥X¡B¬d¸ß¾÷ªp¡BŪ¼g©Mªþ¥[±K½X¤_ Zip ºÏ¤ù¡F¸Ô±¡
   ½Ð¬d¾\man mzip¡C Mtools ªººô§}¦b [17]http:// Linux
   .wauug.org/pub/knaff/mtools¡C

2.9 ³]³ÆÅX°Êµ{§Ç

   ¦C¦b/dev¤¤¡]©Î³s±µ¨ì¹ê»Ú³]³ÆÅX°Êµ{§Ç¡^ªº³]³Æ¥i¯à¨Ã¤£½T¤Á¡CÀˬd·Æ¹«¡B¼Æ
   ¾Ú¾÷©M¥úºÐÅX°Êµ{§Ç¹ïÀ³ªº³]³Æ¬°¦ó¡AµM«á§@¥X¤U¦C³]©w¡G

/dev# ln -s ttyS0 mouse; ln -s ttyS1 modem; ln -s hdb cdrom; ln -s sda4 zip

   ¦b¦h¼Æµ§°O¥»¹q¸£¤W¡A¹«¼Ðªº³]¸m¬O/dev/psaux¡G¦b³]¸m X11 ®ÉÀ³±N¦¹¦C¤J¦Ò
   ¼{¡C

   ¤£§«±N³o¨Ç³]¸m³£³q¹L chmod 666 §ïÅÜÄÝ©Ê¡A¨Ï©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ§¡¥i¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç³]³Æ
   ¡C

2.10 Án¥d

   §Ú¥u¦³¤@±iÂÂÁn¥d Sound Blaster 16¡F§Y¨Ï±zªºÁn¥d»P§Úªº¤£¦P¡A¤£¹L¤U¦C¤è
   ªk¤]¥i¤Þ¾É±z¦p¦ó³]¸mÁn¥d¡C

   §Ú±NÁn¥dªºÅX°Êµ{§Ç§@¬°¼Ò²Õ(sb.o)½s¤J¤º®Ö¡CµM«á±N¤U¦C¤º®e¦C
   ¤J/etc/conf.modules¡G

options sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330
alias sound sb

   ­n±Ò°ÊÁn¥d¡A­º¥ý¹B¦æmodprobe sound¡A©ÎªÌ¨Ï¥Î RedHat ªº¤u¨ãsndconfig¡C

2.11 µn¿ý«H®§

   ¦p­n¦Û³]µn¿ý«H®§¡A­º¥ýÀˬd/etc/rc.d/rc.local¬O§_Âл\/etc/issue
   ©M/etc/motdªº¤º®e¡C¡]RedHat Âл\¤º®e¡^¦pÄݪ֩w¡A½Ð¥´¶}¤å¥»½s¿è¾¹¡C

   ¦p­n¨Ïµn¿ý«H®§±a¦³ÃC¦â¡A¥i¦brc.local¤¤¦C¤J¤U¦C¤º®e¡G

# put a real escape character instead of ^[. To do this:
# emacs: ^Q ESC   vi: ^V ESC   joe:  ` 0 2 7   jed: ` ESC
ESC="^["  # a real escape character
BLUE="$ESC[44;37m"
NORMAL="$ESC[40;37m"
CLEAR="$ESC[H$ESC[J"

> /etc/issue
echo "$CLEAR" >> /etc/issue
echo "$BLUE   Welcome to MyServer (192.168.1.1)   " >> /etc/issue
echo "$NORMAL " >> /etc/issue
echo "" >> /etc/issue

2.12 ¥D¾÷¦WºÙ

   ¥u¹B¦æhostname new_host_name«ü¥O¤]³\¤£°÷¡C­n¸Ñ¨Msendmail¦º¾÷ªº°ÝÃD¡A¥i
   ±Ä¥Î¤U¦C¨BÆJ¡]¥u¾A¥Î¤_³æ¾÷¡^¡G

     * ½s¿è/etc/sysconfig/network©M§ïÅܨ䤤ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡]¨Ò
       ¦pnew_host_name.localdomain¡^¡F
     * ¬ÛÀ³¦a½s¿è/etc/HOSTNAME¡F
     * ±N·s¾÷¦W½s¤J/etc/hosts¡F

127.0.0.1       localhost  new_host_name.locadomain

2.13 ·Æ¹«¡]Mouse¡^

   gpm ªº·Æ¹«¥\¯à¹ï¦b¥D±±¥x¶i¦æ°Å¶K¦Ü¬°¦³¥Î¡A¤]¥i¦b¤@¨ÇÀ³¥Î¤¤¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¦b
   Red Hat ¨t²Î¤¤¡AÀˬd¦³§_¤@­ÓºÙ¬°/etc/sysconfig/mouse ªº¤åÀÉ¡A¤º®e¦p¤U
   ¡G

MOUSETYPE="Microsoft"
XEMU3=yes

   ¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ±o¦³¤@­Ó/etc/rc.d/init.d/gpmÀÉ¡A¨ä¤¤ÁÙ¥i³]©w¤@¨Ç«ü¥O¡C§Ú³]©wªº
   «ü¥O¦p¤U¡G

...
       daemon gpm -t $MOUSETYPE -d 2 -a 5 -B 132 # two-button mouse -- Âù«ö¶s·Æ
¹«
...

   Åã¦Ó©ö¨£¡A¨ä¤¤³]¸m·íµM±o»P·Æ¹«ªºÃþ«¬¬Û²Å¡C¦b¦h¼Æµ§°O«¬«¬¹q¸£¤¤¡A
   MOUSETYPE À³³]¬° ¡§PS/2¡¨¡C

   ¦bCaldera¨t²Î¤¤¡A¥u­n¦b/etc/rc.d/rc.boot¤¤¥[¤J¦¹¦æ§Y¥i¡G

/usr/bin/gpm

   ¦bS.u.S.E.¤¤¡A¦b/etc/rc.config¤¤¥[¤Jgpm³¡¤À¡F¦bDebian¨t²Î¤¤¡A«h»Ý­×§ï
   /etc/gpm.conf¡C

   ¦pªG³ßÅw¥ÎCtrl«ö¶s¨Ï¥Î¥D±±¥xªºµæ³æ¡A«h»Ý³]¸mgpm-root¡C­×§ï
   /etc/gpm-root.conf¤¤ªº¹w³]µæ³æ¡AµM«á±q/etc/rc.d/rc.local±Ò°Ê gpm-root
   ¡C

2.14 ¥[¸ü¦ì¸m¡]Mount Points¡^

   ¬°¤è«K¨Ï¥Î¡AÀ³¹ï³n½L¡B¨ä¥L³]³Æ©MNFSªº¿é¥X¥Ø¿ý³]©w¥[¸ü¦ì¸m¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¥i±Ä
   ¥Î¤U¦C¿ìªk¡G

/mnt# mkdir floppy; mkdir cdrom; mkdir win; mkdir zip; mkdir server

   ¦¹¦æ³]©w¤F DOS/Win ³n½L¡]ext2ºÏ¤ù¡^¡BCD-ROM¡BWindows ¤À³Î°Ï¡B¥­¦æ¤f
   Zip ÅX°Ê¾¹©M NFS ¥Ø¿ýªº¥[¸ü¦ì¸m¡C

   µM«á­×§ï /etc/fstab ÀÉ¡A¦}¼W¥[¤U¦C¤º®e¡G

/dev/fd0        /mnt/floppy     auto            user,noauto 0 1
/dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom      iso9660         ro,user,noauto 0 1
/dev/zip        /mnt/zip        vfat            user,noauto,exec 0 1
/dev/hda1       /mnt/win        vfat            user,noauto 0 1
server:/export  /mnt/server     nfs             defaults

   Åã¦Ó©ö¨£¡A²Ä¤@Ä楲¶·¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº³]³Æ¦WºÙ¡C³Ìªñµoªíªº¤º®Ö¤w¸g¤ä«ù fat32¡F
   ¥H«eªº¤º®Ö»Ý­n­×¸É¡C­×¸É³n¥ó¥i±q [18]
   http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.html¨ú±o¡C¦³Ãö³o¤è­±ªº¶i
   ¤@¨B¸ê®Æ¡A¥i¬d¸ß man mount¡C

   ª`·N²Ä¤@¦æ¤¤ªº¡§auto¡¨¤åÀɨt²Î®æ¦¡¡F³oªí¥Ü¥i¥[¸ü ext2 ©M vfat
   ¡]DOS/Windows¡^¨âºØ¨t²Î®æ¦¡»s§@ªººÏ¤ù¡Cmtools¤]¬O¬Û·í¦n¥Îªº¤u¨ã¡C

2.15 lilo(8) ©M LOADLIN.EXE

   ³\¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦b¹q¸£¤W¦P®É¹B¦æ Linux ©M DOS/Windows ¨â®M¾Þ§@¨t²Î¡A¨Ã¦b¶}¾÷
   ®É¿ï¥Î¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¡F³oÀ³¦b¦w¸Ë®É§@¥X³]©w¡A¦pªG·í®É¨S¦³³]©w¡A ¥i±Ä¨ú¤U¦C¿ì
   ªk¸Ñ¨M¡C­º¥ý°²©w /dev/hda1¤¤¸Ë¦³ DOS/Windows¡A /dev/hda2 ¤¤¸Ë¦³ Linux
   .

±N /dev/hda §@¬°Àq»{³]³Æ¡I

Command (m for help):a
Partition number (1-4): 2

Command (m for help):w

   ¸g¹L³o¶µ³]©w¡A Linux ¤À³Î°Ï¦¨¬°±Ò°Ê¾Þ§@¨t²Î¡CµM«á¦b/etc/lilo.conf¤¤§@
   ¥X³]©w¡G

boot = /dev/hda2
compact                # may conflict with "linear"  --¥i¯à»P¡§linear¡¨½Ä¬ð
delay = 100            # 10 seconds  --µ¥«Ý10¬í
linear                 # gets rid of the "1024 cylinder" problem --¸Ñ¨M1024ºÏ°é
ªº°ÝÃD
# message = /boot/bootmesg.txt  # write your own, if you will --¦Û­q¶}¾÷«H®§
root = current
image = /boot/vmlinuz  # boot  Linux  by default as this entry comes first --Àq
»{ªº¤º®Ö
  label =  Linux
  read-only
#  append="mem=128M"   # to see more memory than 64M  --¦pªG°O¾Ð¤º¦s¤j©ó64M
other = /dev/hda1
  table = /dev/hda
  label = dos

   ¹B¦æ/sbin/lilo¦Z´N¤j¥\§i¦¨¡C¥Ñ¤_lilo¬O¦w¸Ë¤¤·¥¨ä­«­nªº³¡¤À¡A µL½×¦p¦ó
   À³¸Ó¸Ô²Ó¾\Ū¦³Ãö³o¤è­±ªº¸ê®Æ¡C

   ¦pªG¤£¥´ºâ­«§@³]©w¡A¦Ó­n±q DOS/Windows ¤º±Ò°Ê Linux ¡A¥i§â LOADLIN.EXE
   ©ñ¤J¤@­ÓÄÝ©ó DOS ¸ô®|ªº¤l¥Ø¿ý¡]DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡^¡FµM«á±N¤º®Ö«þ¨©¨ì¸Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý
   ¡A¨Ò¦pC:\TEMP\VMLINUZ¡C§Q¥Î¤U­±Â²³æªº .BATÀÉ´N¥i±Ò°Ê Linux¡G

rem    Linux .bat
smartdrv /C
loadlin c:\temp\vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro

   ¦p¨Ï¥Î Windows 9X¡A«h³]©w³o­Ó.BATÀɪº¯S©Ê¡A¨Ï¨ä±q MS-DOS ª¬ºA±Ò°Ê¡C

  ¦w¥þ¦Ò¶q

   ¦b¦w¸Ë Linux ¤§«e¡A¥ý»s§@¤@±i MBR °Ïªº³Æ¥÷ºÏ¤ù¡A¥H¨¾¤£´ú¡C¥ý¹B
   ¦ærestorrb¡]¥]¬A¦bFIPSªº³n¥ó¥]¤º¡^¡A ©Î¥H¤U­±ªº«ü¥O»s§@ Linux ªº¦º¾÷¸Ñ
   ±ÏºÏ¤ù¡G

rescue:

   µM«á¦Ü¤Ö»s§@¨â¤ù¦³MBRÀɪººÏ¤ù¡C¦pªG¤@¥¹¬G»Ù°±¾÷¡A ¥i¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O«ì´_­ì¥ý
   ªº MBR¡G

rescue:

   ·íµM¡A³o­n¦b/mnt¤w¥[¸ü¥]§tMBRªººÏ¤ù¡C§_«h¡A§Q¥Î DOS ªº¸Ñ±ÏºÏ¤ù¹B
   ¦æFDISK /MBR¡C

2.16 ¹q¤l¶l¥ó

   ¦p¦ó¾\Ū¥H HTML ®æ¦¡©Î§t¦³¨ä¥L¦UºØ¤å¥ó®æ¦¡ªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó©O¡H­º¥ý­n¦³¨â­Ó¤å
   ÀÉ¡G/etc/mime.types ©M/etc/mailcap¡C²Ä¤@­Ó¤åÀɦC¥X¤å¥óªº®æ¦¡¤Î¨äÂX®i¦W
   ¡G

application/postscript          ps eps
image/jpeg                      jpe jpeg jpg
text/html                       html

   ¦Ó²Ä¤G­Ó¤åÀɳW©w¦p¦óÅã¥Ü³oºØ¤åÀɪº®æ¦¡¡C

   ¦³®É¦³ªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨Ï¥Î Microsoft Outlook µo°e¡A¨ä¤º®e§t¦³¦h­« MIME ®æ¦¡
   ¡C¾\Ū³oÃþ¹q¤l¶l¥ó»Ý­n¦betc/mailcap¤¤¥[¤J¤U¦C¨â¦æ¡G

text/plain; less %s; needsterminal
text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal

2.17 ¥´¦L¾÷ªº³]¸m

   ´N§Ú©Òª¾¡A¦UºØ Linux ª©¥»§¡¦³³]¸m¥´¦L¾÷ªº¤u¨ã¡]printtool¡Ayast
   ©Îmagicfilter¡^¡F §_«h¥i¥Î°ò¥»ªº¤â°Ê³]©w¡C

   °²©w­n¥Î«D PostScript ¥´¦L¾÷¡]¤]«D¡§Windows-only¡¨ªº¥´¦L¾÷¡^¨Ó¥´¦L­ì©l
   ¤å¥ó¡]¨Ò¦p C µ{§Çªº­ì©l½X¤å¥»¡^©M§Q¥Î GhostScript ¨Ó¥´¦L PostScript ¤å
   ÀÉ¡]¦¹³B°²©w¤w¦w¸Ë¤F GhostScript¡^¡C

   ³]©w¥´¦L¾÷ªº¨BÆJ¦p¤U¡G

     * Àˬd¦}¦æ¤fªº¥´¦L¾÷¡G

~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp0
~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp1

       °O¤UÁp¾÷ªº¥´¦L¾÷©MºÝ¤f¡C
     * ³]©w¨â­Ó spool ¤l¥Ø¿ý¡G

/var/spool/lpd/# mkdir raw; mkdir postscript

     * ¦pªG¥´¦L¾÷¦L¥Xªºµ²ªG¦³¡§¥x¶¥¡¨²{¶H¡]¦h¼Æ InkJet ¥´¦L¾÷³£¦³³oºØ²{¶H
       ¡^¡A«h»Ý­n¤@­Ó¹LÂo¾¹¡C¸Õ¦L¤U­±¨â¦C¡G

~# echo "first line" > /dev/lp1 ; echo "second line" > /dev/lp1

       ¦pªG¦L¥Xªºµ²ªG¦p¤U¡G

first line
          second line

       ±N¦¹¤åÀɧ@¬°/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter«O¦s¡G

#!/bin/sh
# ³o­Ó¹LÂo¾¹¥i®ø°£¡§¥x¶¥¡¨²{¶H
awk '{print $0, "\r"}'

       ¹B¦æchmod 755 /var/spool/lpd/raw/filter¨Ï¨ä¦¨¬°¥i°õ¦æ¤åÀÉ¡C
     * ­n»s§@¥Î¤_PostScript¥é¯uªº¹LÂo¾¹¡A«h±N¹LÂo¾¹©w¦W¬°
       /var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:

#!/bin/sh

DEVICE=djet500
RESOLUTION=300x300
PAPERSIZE=a4
SENDEOF=

nenscript -TUS -ZB -p- |
if [ "$DEVICE" = "PostScript" ]; then
        cat -
else
        gs -q -sDEVICE=$DEVICE \
                -r$RESOLUTION \
                -sPAPERSIZE=$PAPERSIZE \
                -dNOPAUSE \
                -dSAFER \
                -sOutputFile=- -
fi

if [ "$SENDEOF" != "" ]; then
        printf "\004"
fi

       ¡]¤W¨Ò¨Ï¥Î HP DeskJet ¥´¦L¾÷¡C¦p¬°¥LºØ¥´¦L¾÷¡A«h§@¥X¬ÛÀ³­×§ï¡C¡^
     * ³Ì«á¦b/etc/printcap¤º¼W¥[¤U¦C¤º®e¡G

# /etc/printcap
lp|ps|PS|PostScript|djps:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/postscript:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:\
        :sh:
raw:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/raw:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter:\
        :sh:

   ¨ä¥L§ó¬°½ÆÂø©Î¤Ö¨£ªº¥´¦L³]¸m¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Printing-HOWTO¡C

   ª`·N¡G¦p¨Ï¥Îprinttool¡APrinttool¿ï¨úªº GSDEVICE ¥i¥H¥Î¤_¥´¦L¡A¦ý¤£¤@©w
   ¬O³Ì¦nªº¿ï¾Ü¡C¤£§«¹ïpostscript.cfgÀɧ@¨Ç­×§ï¡F¨Ò¦p¡A§â GSDEVICE
   ¤ºcdj500 §ï¬° djet500¡A´N¥i¥[§Ö¥´¦Lªº³t«×¡C

2.18 SVGATextMode

   ©ñ¦b [19]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/ Linux /sources/sbin¤Wªº¤u¨ã³n¥ó¹ï§ï
   ÅÜ¥D±±¥xªº«Ì¹õ¤À¿ë²v¡B¦rÅé©M´å¼Ðªº§Îª¬«D±`¦³¥Î¡C ¦b¥D±±¥x¤W¤u§@®É¡A»Ý
   ­n¨Ï¥Î­«­µ¦rÅ骺¤å¦r¡]Ķµù¡G¦p¼Ú¬w¤å¦r¡^ ©Î»Ý­n§ïÅܵ§°O¥»¹q¸£´å¼Ðªº¤j
   ¤p³£¥i¨Ï¥Î³o®M³n¥ó¡C

   ±qÀq»{ªº VGA °Ñ¼Æ¶}©l¡A­º¥ý½s¿è/etc/TextConfig©Î/etc/TextMode¡C ¨Ï¥Î¼Ú
   ¬w¤å¦rªº¥Î¤áÀ³¸Ó¹ï¨ä¤¤§t¦³¡§LoadFont¡¨¤@¸`·P¨ì¼y©¯¡C

Option "LoadFont"
FontProg "/usr/bin/setfont"
FontPath "/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts"
FontSelect "lat1u-16.psf"   8x16 9x16 8x15 9x15
FontSelect "lat1u-14.psf"   8x14 9x14 8x13 9x13
FontSelect "lat1u-12.psf"   8x12 9x12 8x11 9x11
FontSelect "lat1u-08.psf"   8x8  9x8  8x7  9x7

   §¹¦¨³o¶µ³]©w¤§«á¡A¹B¦æSVGATextMode "80x34x9"¡C¦pªGı±o¤@¤Á¹B¦æ¶¶§Q¡A
   ±q/etc/TextMode¤¤§R°£Äµ§i¡A¦}±N¤U¦æ¼g¤J etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit¡G

# SVGATextMode
/usr/sbin/SVGATextMode "80x34x9"

   ª`·N¡G¤è¶ô´å¼Ð¥u¦b¦³¨Ç¼Ò¦¡¤U¦³®Ä¡F¦b§Úªºµ§°O¥»¹q¸£¤W¡A¨ä¼Æ­È¬°
   ¡§80x32x9¡¨¡C

3. ºÞ²z­ûªº¤@¯ë¤u§@

   ­n°µªº¤u§@¨º»ò¦h¡A®É¶¡¤S¨º»ò¤Ö¡I¾¨ºÞ¦³³\¦h¤u§@­n§¹¦¨¡A¦ý§Ú­ÌÁÙ¬O¥ý±q³o
   ¤@¸`¶}©l¡C ³o¤@¸`¥D­n»Pºô¸ô¦³Ãö¡C ºô¸ôÁpºô¯A¤Îªº°ÝÃD˼¦h¡AµLªk¦b¦¹¥þ³¡
   ·§¬A¡C­º¥ýÀ³°Ñ¦ÒNET-3 HOWTO¡A¦¹¥~¡A¦h¼Æ Linux ª©¥»¤]´£¨Ñ¤F¦p¦ó³]©wºô¸ô
   ¥\¯àªº¸ê®Æ¡C¦¹³B¥u¹w³Æ°Q½×¨ä¤¤¤L¶µ­nÂI¡C

   °²³]¦b Linux ¤W¹w³Æ¦w¸Ëcalendar©Îreminder¡BHttp¡BSamba¡Btelnet/sshµn¿ý
   ¡B°Î¦W ftp¡]anonymous ftp¡^¡BPOP/IMAPªA°È¾¹©MNFSµ¥¥\¯à¡C

3.1 ºô¸ô³]¸m

   ³]©w Linux ¦UºØª©¥»ºô¸ô¥\¯àªº¤èªk¥i¯à¬Û·í½ÆÂø¡A¦ý¤U­z¸}¥»¨¬°÷±Ò°Êºô¸ô
   ¡G

#!/bin/sh

# net-up.sh: set up network access --³]©wÁpºô

DEVICE=eth0      #-- ºô¥d
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

ifconfig $DEVICE $IPADDR netmask $NETMASK up
route add -net $NETWORK netmask $NETMASK $DEVICE
route add default gw $GATEWAY

   ³o­Ó¸}¥»¦b¨Ï¥Î¸Ñ±ÏºÏ¤ù³s±µºô¸ô®É«D±`¦³¥Î¡C·íµM¡A¥¦¥u¯à¨Ï¾÷¾¹³q¹L ping
   ¡Aftp ©M telnet »P¥~¬ÉÁpµ¸¡C

3.2 ¤À¨Éºô»Úºô¸ô

   Linux ªA°È¾¹ªº¤@¶µ³Ì¦³¥Îªº¥\¯à´N¬O¤À¨Éºô»Úºô¸ô¡C¥Ø«e¡A¤j¦h¼Æ²{¦¨¥i¥Îªº
   ¤º®Ö³£¤wªþ¦³ IP firewalling¡Bmasquerading ©M forwarding ªº¥\¯à¡C¦p­nª¾
   ¹D¸Ô²Ó¥\¯à¡A¥i°Ñ¬Ý IP-Masquerade mini-HOWTO¡CµM«á¦w¸Ë ipfwadm¡]¤º®Ö
   2.0.x¡F [20]http://www.xos.nl/ Linux /ipfwadm/¡^©Î ipchains¡]¤º®Ö2.2.x
   ¡F [21]http://www.adelaide.net.au/¡^¡C

   ª`·N¡G¹ï»Ý­nªº¥\¯à¡A±Ò°Ê¬ÛÀ³ªº¤º®Ö¼Ò²Õ¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦p»Ý­nftp¡A«hÀ³±N¤U¦æ¥[
   ¤J /etc/rc.d/rc.sysconfig¡G

/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp

   ¨ä¥L¼Ò²Õ³q±`³£©ñ¦b/lib/modules/KERNEL-VERSION/ipv4Àɤ¤¡C

   ¬°¥»¦aºô¸ôªº¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹±Ò°ÊIP masquerading¥\¯àªºµ{§Ç«D±`²³æ¡C­º¥ýÀˬdºô
   ¸ôªì©l¤Æ¸}¥»/etc/sysconfig/network ¡]À³¦bÀ³¸Ó©ñ¸mªº¦ì¸m¡^¬O§_¦³¤º®e
   ¬°FORWARD_IPV4=trueªº¤@¦æ¡C³q±`¦bºô¸ô±Ò°Ê®É
   /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward§¡³]¬° 1¡C

   ¦b/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit¤¤¼W¥[¥H¤U¼Æ¦æ¡G

# default: packets cannot go reach the outside
# ¹w³]¬°¼Æ¾Ú¥]µLªkµo°e¨ìºô»Úºô¸ô
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -p deny
# allow all machines on the local network to reach the Internet
# ¨Ï¥»¦aºô¸ô¤Wªº©Ò¦³¾÷¾¹§¡¥i³s±µºô»Úºô¸ô
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.0/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# alternatively, allow only these two machines
# ©Î¥uÅý¤U­±¨â¥x¹q¸£³s¨ìºô»Úºô¸ô
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.100/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.101/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0

   ¦p Linux ¤w¨Ï¥Î 2.2.x ¨t¦C¤º®Ö¡A¥Hipfwadm-wrapper¥N´Àipfwadm¥i¥[§Ö±Ò°Ê
   ³t«×¡C

   ²{¦bÀ³¨Ï¥Î¤áºÝ¾÷¾¹¼·±µISP¡F¥i¸Õ¥ÎMserver¡] [22]
   http://cpwright.villagenet.com/mserver/¡^¡C­×§ïetc/mserver.conf¡F ¥u»Ý
   §ï°Ê¡§checkhost¡¨¡B¡§shadow¡¨©M¡§cname¡¨¤T¶µ¡CµM«á³]©wÁpºô°Ñ¼Æ¡C

3.3 ­­¨îºô¸ô³s±µ

   °²©w¹q¸£³q¹LPPP³s¨ìºô»Úºô¸ô¡C¥ô¦ó¾÷¾¹³s¨ìºô»Úºô¸ô´N¦³¥i¯à¾D¨ì¥~¬Éªº¤J
   «I¡C¦b /etc/hosts.allow¤¤¦C¤J¥H¤U¤º®e¡G

# only allow access to localhost
# ¥u¤¹³\³s¨ìlocalhost
ALL: 127.

   ¨Ã¦b/etc/hosts.deny¤¤¦C¤J:

# deny access to everyone
# ¤£Åý¥ô¦ó¤H¶i¤J
ALL: ALL

   ¦pªG¹q¸£©ÒÄݪººô¸ôª½±µ»Pºô»Úºô¸ô³s±µ¡A¥Ñ¤_¦w¥þªº²z¥Ñ¡A³Ì¦n¨ú®øfinger
   ¡Btelnetµ¥¥\¯à¡F §Q¥Îssh´À¥Ntelnet¡C¦¹³B¥u­n­×§ï/etc/inet.confÀɧY¥i¡C
   ¦P®É¡A ¤]¥i¦b/etc/hosts.allow¤¤¼W¥[¤U¦C¤º®e­­¨îºô¸ô³s±µ¡G

in.telnetd: 192.168.1., .¥t¤@­Ó.¥i«Hªº.ºô¸ô¦a§}
in.ftpd: 192.168.1., .¥t¤@­Ó.¥i«Hªº.ºô¸ô¦a§}

   ¨Ã¦b/etc/hosts.deny¤¤¼W¥[¤U¦C¤º®e:

in.telnetd: ALL
in.ftpd: ALL

3.4 NFS¿é¥X

   ³oºØ¤è¦¡¥Î¤_ªA°È¾¹¥Î¤á¥Ø¿ýªº¿é¥X¡F¦ý¦pªG¥Î¤áªº UID ©M GID ¦b¦U¥x¾÷¾¹¤W
   ¦U¤£¬Û¦P¡A´N·|µo¥Í°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG¥Î¤á guido ¦bserver¤Wªº UID/GID ¬° 500¡A
   ¦bclient¤Wªº UID/GID ¬° 512¡A«h¥i³]¸m¦p¤U¡G

# /etc/exports
/tmp            my.client.machine(rw)
/home/guido     my.client.machine(rw,map_static=/etc/nfs/client.map)

   ¦b/etc/nfs/client.mapÀɤ¤¶ñ¤J¡G

# /etc/nfs/client.map
# NFS mapping for client
#       remote          local
uid     512             500
gid     512             500

3.5 °ì¦WªA°È¾¹

   ¦³«Ý½s¼g ¡]Ķµù¡G§@ªÌÅãµM§Ñ¤F½s¼g³o³¡¤À¤º®e¡^

4. ³n¥ó³]¸m

   ¤U¦C³]¸mÀÉ¥²»Ý¥[¥H³]©w¡G/etc/profile /etc/bashrc .bashrc .bashrc
   .bash_profile .bash_logout .inputrc .less .lessrc .xinitrc .fvwmrc
   .fvwm2rc95 .Xmodmap .Xmodmap.num .Xdefaults .jedrc .abbrevs.sl .joerc
   .emacs . ¦b§¹¦¨¨t²Î³]©w¥H«e¤£­n¼W²K¥Î¤á¡F»Ý­n±NÂI¤åÀÉ(dot files)©ñ
   ¤J/etc/skel¡C

4.1 bash(1)

   ¦³¤H»{¬°¡A³o­Ó³n¥ó¬O°£¤º®Ö¤§¥~³Ì­«­nªº³n¥ó¡C­n¨Ïbash¾A¦X­Ó¤H¤f¨ý¡A ¥i
   ­×§ï¤U¦C¤åÀÉ¡G

     * /etc/bashrc ¦s¦³¾ã­Ó¨t²Îªº§O¦W©M¥\¯à¡F
     * /etc/profile ¦s¦³¾ã­Ó¨t²ÎªºÀô¹Ò°Ñ¼Æ©M±Ò°Êµ{¦¡¡F
     * $HOME/.bashrc ¦s¦³¥Î¤áªºªº§O¦W©M¥\¯à¡F
     * $HOME/.bash_profile ¦s¦³¥Î¤áªºÀô¹Ò°Ñ¼Æ©M±Ò°Êµ{¦¡¡F
     * $HOME/.inputrc ¦s¦³¥D­n¸j©w¼Æ­È©M¨ä¥L¦ì¤¸¼Æ­È¡F

   ¤U¤å¨ÒÁ|¹ï³o¨Ç¤åÀɪº­×§ï¡C­º¥ý¡A³Ì­«­nªº¤åÀɬO¡G/etc/profile¡C¥H¤U¤L¸`
   ¤¤¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¡A ­×§ï³o­Ó¤åÀÉ¥i¥H³]©w Linux ªº¦UºØ¥\¯à¡C
     _________________________________________________________________

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs
# --¾ã­Ó¨t²ÎÀô¹Ò©M±Ò°Êµ{¦¡
#
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# --/etc/bashhrc¤¤¥]§t¥\¯à©M§O¦W
#
# This file sets up the following features and programs:
# --³o­Ó¤åÀɳ]©w¤U¦C¥\¯à¡G
#
#   o path --¸ô®|
#   o prompts  --´£¥Ü²Å
#   o a few environment variables  --¤L­ÓÀô¹ÒÅܼÆ
#   o colour ls --ls ªºÃC¦â
#   o less behaviour    --³]©wlessªº¥\¯à
#   o rxvt
#
# Users can override these settings and/or add others in their
# $HOME/.bash_profile
# ¥Î¤á¥i¦b $HOME/.bash_profile ¤¤¨ú®ø³o¨Ç³]©w©M¡]©Î¡^¼W¥[¨ä¥L³]©w


# set a decent path
# ³]©w¥i¦æªº¸ô®|

PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:$HOME/bin:."

# notify the user: login or non-login shell. If login, the prompt is
# coloured in blue; otherwise in magenta. Root's prompt is red.
# See the Colour-ls mini  HOWTO  for an explanation of the escape codes.
# ³qª¾¥Î¤á¡Gµn¿ý¡]login¡^©Î¤£µn¿ý¡]non-login¡^ªº¥~³òµ{§Ç¡]shell¡^¡C
# ¦pªGµn¿ý¡A«h´£¥Ü²Å¬°ÂŦâ¡A§_«h¬°µµ¬õ¦â¡CRootªº´£¥Ü²Å¬°¬õ¦â¡C
# °Ñ¾\Colour-ls mini  HOWTO ¤¤¹ï´«½X²Å(escape codes)ªº¨Ï¥Î¸ÑÄÀ¡C

USER=`whoami`
if [ $LOGNAME = $USER ] ; then
  COLOUR=44  # blue --ÂŦâ
else
  COLOUR=45  # magenta --µµ¬õ¦â
fi

if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
  COLOUR=41  # red --¬õ¦â
  PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin"
fi

ESC="\033"
PROMPT='\h'    # hostname --¥D¾÷¦W
STYLE=';1m'    # bold --²ÊÅé
# PROMPT='\u'  # username --¥Î¤á¦W
# STYLE='m'    # plain --¤@¯ë¦rÅé
PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$PROMPT:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
PS2="> "

# no core dumps, please
# ½Ð¤ÅÂàÀx¤º¦s«H®§

ulimit -c 0

# set umask
# ³]©wumask

if [ `id -gn` = `id -un` -a `id -u` -gt 14 ]; then
  umask 002
else
  umask 022
fi

# a few variables
# ¤L¶µÅܼÆ

USER=`id -un`
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"  # sendmail, postfix, smail
# MAIL="$HOME/Mailbox"        # qmail
NNTPSERVER=news.myisp.it      # put your own here
VISUAL=jed
EDITOR=jed
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=1000
export PATH PS1 PS2 USER LOGNAME MAIL NNTPSERVER
export VISUAL EDITOR HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE

# enable colour ls
# ³]©wlsªºÃC¦â

eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
export LS_OPTIONS='-s -F -T 0 --color=yes'

# customize less
# ³]©wless

LESS='-M-Q'
LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"
LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"
LESSCHARDEF=8bcccbcc13b.4b95.33b. # show colours in ls -l | less
# LESSCHARSET=latin1
PAGER=less
export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARDEF

# fix the backspace key in rxvt/xterm
# ³]©wrxvt/xterm¤¤ªº°h«áÁä

CTRL_H="\010"
NULL_STRING=" $CTRL_H" # space + backspace
if [ "$NULL_STRING" != "" ] ; then
  stty erase ^?
else
  stty erase ^H
fi

# set xterm title: full path
case $TERM in
  xterm*)
    PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD}\007"'
    ;;
esac

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
  if [ -x $i ]; then
    . $i # beware - variables and aliases might get overridden!
  fi
done

# call fortune, if available  --¦p¦³fortune
if [ -x /usr/games/fortune ] ; then
  echo ; /usr/games/fortune ; echo
fi
     _________________________________________________________________

   ¦¹³B¬° /etc/bashrc¡G
     _________________________________________________________________

# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases
# ¾ã­Ó¨t²Îªº¥\¯à©M§O¦W
#
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
# /etc/profile¤¤ªºÀô¹Ò°Ñ¼Æ
#
# Insert PS1 definitions here if you experience problems.
# ¦p¦³°ÝÃD¥i±NPS1ªº°Ñ¼Æ©ñ¦b¦¹³B

export CDPATH="$CDPATH:

# common aliases --¦@¦P§O¦W

alias cp='cp -i'
alias l=less
alias ls="ls $LS_OPTIONS"
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias rmbk='/bin/rm -f .*
alias u='cd ..'
alias which="type -path"
alias x=startx

# A few useful functions --¤L¶µ¦³¥Îªº¥\¯à

c ()    # cd to the new directory and list its contents
{
  cd $1 ; ls
}

inst()  # Install a .tar.gz archive in current directory --¦b·í«e¥Ø¿ý¤¤«Ø¥ß.tar
.gzÀx¦s®w
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then tar zxvf $1; fi
}

cz()    # List the contents of a .zip archive --¦C¥X.zipªº¤º®e
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then unzip -l $*; fi
}

ctgz()  # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive --¦C¥X.tar.gzªº¤º®e
{
  for file in $* ; do
    tar ztf ${file}
  done
}

tgz()   # Create a .tgz archive a la zip. --«Ø¥ßÀ£ÁYÀÉ.tgz
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then
    name=$1.tar; shift; tar -rvf ${name} $* ; gzip -9 ${name}
  fi
}

crpm()  # list information on an .rpm file --¦C¥X.rpmÀɪº¤º®e
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then rpm -qil $1 | less; fi
}
     _________________________________________________________________

   ¦¹³B¬° .bashrc¡G
     _________________________________________________________________

# $HOME/.bashrc
# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
  . /etc/bashrc
fi

# this is needed to notify the user that they are in non-login shell
# »Ý­n¥H¤U³]©w¡A¥H«K³qª¾³B©ó¤£µn¿ý¡]non-login¡^¥~³òµ{§Ç¡]shell¡^¤¤ªº¥Î¤á

if [ "$GET_PS1" = "" ] ; then
  COLOUR=45; ESC="\033"; STYLE=';1m';  # STYLE='m'
  USER=`whoami`
  export PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$USER:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
fi

# personal aliases
# ­Ó¤H§O¦W

alias backup='tar -Mcvf /dev/fd0'
alias dial='eznet up myisp'
alias f='cd
alias hangup='eznet down'
alias lyx='lyx -width 580 -height 450'
alias restore='tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0'

# personal functions
# ¤L­Ó­Ó¤H¨Ï¥Îªº¥\¯à

xj()    # Launch xjed and a file in background --¦b­I´º±Ò°Êxjed©M¤åÀÉ
{
  xjed $1 &
}
     _________________________________________________________________

   ¦¹³B¬°.bash_profile¡G
     _________________________________________________________________

# $HOME/.bash_profile

# User specific environment and startup programs
# ¥Î¤á¯S©wªºÀô¹Ò°Ñ¼Æ©M±Ò°Êµ{¦¡
#
# This file contains user-defined settings that override
# those in /etc/profile
# ³o­Ó¤åÀɤ¤¦s¦³¥Î¤á¦Û­qªº³]¸m¡A¥i¨ú¥N/etc/profile ¤¤ªº¼Æ­È
#
# Get aliases and functions
# ³]©w§O¦W©M¥\¯à
#
if [ -f  then
  GET_PS1="NO"  # don't change the prompt colour --¤£§ïÅÜ´£¥Ü²ÅªºÃC¦â
  .
fi

# set a few `default' directories
# ³]©w¤L­Ó¡§Àq»{¡¨¥Ø¿ý

export CDPATH="$CDPATH:$HOME:$HOME/text:$HOME/text/geology"
     _________________________________________________________________

   ¦¹³B¬° .inputrc¡G
     _________________________________________________________________

# $HOME/.inputrc

# key bindings
# ¥D­n¸j©w

"\e[1
"\e[3
"\e[4
# (F1 .. F5) are "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"
# (F1 .. F5) ¤À§O¬° "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"

"\e[[A": "info \C-m"

set bell-style visible          # please don't beep
                                # ³â¥z¤£µoÁn
set meta-flag On                # allow 8-bit input (i.e, accented letters)
                                # ¤¹³\8-¦ì¤¸¿é¤J¡]¨Ò¦p­«­µ¦r²Å¡^Ķµù¡G¥Î¤_¼Ú¬w

set convert-meta Off            # don't strip 8-bit characters
                                # ¤£¨ú®ø8-¦ì¤¸¦r²Å
set output-meta On              # display 8-bit characters correctly
                                # ¥¿½TÅã¥Ü8-¦ì¤¸¦r²Å
set horizontal-scroll-mode On   # scroll long command lines
                                # ªø«ü¥O¦æ¦Û°Ê½Âà
set show-all-if-ambiguous On    # after TAB is pressed
                                # «öTABÁä
     _________________________________________________________________

   ³]©w¤U¦C°Ñ¼Æ¨Ï backspace ©M delete ¨âÁä¦bxterm ©M¨ä¥LX11À³¥Î¤¤¹B§@¥¿±`
   ¡G
     * ¦b.xinitrc¤¤²K¥[¡G

usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap

     * ¦b.Xmodmap¤¤²K¥[¡G

keycode 22 = BackSpace
keycode 107 = Delete

       ¥H¤W´N³]©w¤F¥D±±¥xªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C­n­×§ïxterm¡A«h§ó§ï¦p¤U¡G
     * ¦b.Xdefaults¤¤¼W²K¡G

xterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41

nxterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41

   rxvtªº°ÝÃD¤ñ¸û½ÆÂø¡A¦]¬°¦b½s¿è®Éªº¤@¨Ç³]©w·|¼vÅT¥¦ªº¥\¯à¡C°Ñ¬Ý¤W¤å
   /etc/profile³¡¤À¡C

   ¦bbash(1) ©M readline(3) ªº man »¡©ú¤¤¦³§ó¦h³o¤è­±ªº¸ê®Æ¡C

   ¤£­n¥H¬°³o¨Ç³]©w¦b¨CºØÀ³¥Î¤¤³£¥i¥¿±`¹B§@¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦bxterm¤¤¹B¦æjoe¡A ¦³
   ¨ÇÁä¦ì´N¤£°_§@¥Î¡F¹B¦ærxvt¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡C

4.2 ls(1)

   ls¥i¥ÎÃC¦âÅã¥Ü¥Ø¿ý¡A¬ð¥X¤£¦PºØÃþªº¤åÀÉ¡C¦p¤W¤å©Ò¥Ü¡A­n¨Ï¥Î³o¶µ¥\¯à¡A¥u
   ­n¦b /etc/profile ¼W¥[¤L¦æ¤º®e§Y¥i¡C¤£¹L¡A³o¹ï¦³¨Çª©¥»ªºrxvt¤£°_§@¥Î¡F
   ±o¨Ï¥Î xterm ´À¥N¡C¬Ý¨Ó¤@¨Ç¦Ñª©¥»ªºrxvt¦³³]­p¤£¥þ¤§³B¡A¥H­P¦b¦³¨Ç±¡ªp
   ¤UµLªk¥¿½T¨Ï¥ÎÀô¹Ò°Ñ¼Æ¡C

   Calderaª©¥»ªºls¤£Åã¥ÜÃC¦â¡A¦ý¥¦¦³¤@­ÓÃþ¦üªºcolor-ls¡C ±N¥H¤U¤º®e¥[¨ì
   /etc/bashrc¡G

alias ls="color-ls $LS_OPTIONS"

4.3 less(1)

   §Q¥Î³o­ÓÀu¶Vªº­¶­±½Õ«×µ{§Ç¤£¶È¯àÂsÄý¤@¯ë¤å¦r¤åÀÉ¡A¤]¯àÆ[¬ÝÀ£ÁYªº gzip
   ¤åÀÉ©M¥H tar ©M zip ®æ¦¡Àx¦sªºÀɮפåÀÉ©M man ¤åÀÉ¡A¨ä³]¸m¦p¤U¡G

     * ¦p­n°t¦X¨Ï¥Î¤è¦VÁä¡A«h±N¥H¤U¥HASCII½s¼gªº¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ.lesskey ¸m
       ¤_home¥Ø¿ý¤º¡G

^[[A   back-line
^[[B   forw-line
^[[C   right-scroll
^[[D   left-scroll
^[OA   back-line
^[OB   forw-line
^[OC   right-scroll
^[OD   left-scroll
^[[6
^[[5
^[[1
^[[4
^[[7
^[[8

       µM«á¹B¦æ«ü¥Olesskey¡C¡]³o¬OÃþ¦üvt100«¬²×ºÝ¾÷ªº´«½X²Å¡^¡C ³o·|¥Í¦¨
       ¸j©wÁä¦ìªº¤G¶i¨î¤åÀÉ .less¡C
     * ½s¨î¤U¦CºÙ¬°w /usr/local/bin/lesspipe.shªº¤åÀÉ¡G
         _____________________________________________________________

#!/bin/sh
# This is a preprocessor for 'less'.  It is used when this environment
# variable is set:   LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# ¦¹¬°¡¥less¡¦ªº¹w³B²z¾¹¡C·íÀô¹Ò°Ñ¼Æ©w¬°LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# ®É¡A«K°_¥Î³o­Ó¹w³B²z¾¹¡C

lesspipe() {
  case "$1" in
  *.tar) tar tf $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View contents of .tar and .tgz files
                                  # ¾\Ū.tar©M.tgzÀɪº¤º®e
   *.tgz|*.tar.gz|*.tar.Z|*.tar.z) tar ztf $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.Z|*.z|*.gz) gzip -dc $1  2>/dev/null ;; # View compressed files
correctly
                                                # ¥¿½T¾\ŪÀ£ÁY¤åÀÉ
  *.zip) unzip -l $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View archives
                                    # ¾\ŪÀɮפåÀÉ
  *.arj) unarj -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.rpm) rpm -qpil $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.cpio) cpio --list -F $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.1|*.2|*.3|*.4|*.5|*.6|*.7|*.8|*.9|*.n|*.l|*.man) FILE=`file -L $1`
    FILE=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
    if [ "$FILE" = "troff" ]; then
      groff -s -p -t -e -Tascii -mandoc $1
    fi ;;
  *) file $1 | grep text > /dev/null ;
    if [ $? = 1 ] ; then # it's not some kind of text
      strings $1
    fi ;;
  esac
}

lesspipe $1
         _____________________________________________________________

       µM«á¹B¦æchmod 755 lesspipe.sh¡A¨Ï¨ä¦¨¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡C
     * «ö·Ó¤W¤å±N¥²­nªºÅܼƩñ¤J/etc/profile¡C

4.4 emacs(1) ¤å¥»½s¿è¾¹

   ¥Ñ¤_§Ú¤£¤Ó¥Îemacs¡A¦]¦¹¤ß±o¤£¦h¡C¦³¨Çemacs ª©¥»¨S¦³¹w¥ý³]¸mÃC¦â©M»yªk
   ¼Ð¥Ü¡C¥i¦b.emacs¤¤¼W²K¡G

(global-font-lock-mode t)
(setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)

   ³o¥u¹ïX11¦³¥Î¡C¦p»Ý¨Ï¥Î­«­µ²Å¸¹¡A¥i¼W¥[¦¹¦æ¡G

(standard-display-european 1)

   §ÚÅý±z¦Û¤v±qÃö©óemacsªº¤å¥ó¸ê®Æ¤¤´M§ä³]©w²Å¦X±zªº»Ý­nªº¤èªk¡A¦³®É³o»Ý
   ­n¤L­Ó¤ëªº®É¶¡¡C ÂI¤åÀɲ£¥Í¾¹¡] [23]³]¸m³n¥ó¡^¥i¥HÀ°¨Ç¦£¡C

4.5 joe(1) ¤å¥»½s¿è¾¹

   ¦³¨Çjoeªºª©¥»¤£¦b¥D±±¥xÅã¥ÜÃC¦â¡A¨Ã¥B¦³¨Ç¯S®íÁä¦ì¤£°_§@¥Î¡C¸Ñ¨M³o¶µ°Ý
   ÃDªº³Ì§Ö¤èªk¬O¡G

   (Ķµù¡G­ì¤å¦ü¥G¦³º|)

   ­n¨Ï¯S®íÁä¦ìµo¥Í§@¥Î¡A¥u­n­×§ï.joerc¡B.jstarrc©Î³ß·Rªº¥é¯u³]©w¡F ­º¥ý
   §ïÅÜ/usr/lib/joe¤¤ªº³]¸m¤åÀÉ¡C§Q¥Î²Ä¥|³¡¤À¡]Áä¦ì±õ©w¡^³]©wHome©M End¨â
   Áä¡C

bol ^[ [ 1
eol ^[ [ 4

   §ä¥XESCªº¦¸§Ç¡AÁä¤Jcat¡AµM«á¦AÁä¤J¯S®íÁä¡C

4.6 jed(1) ¤å¥»½s¿è¾¹

   ³o¬O¬Û·í¦n¥Îªº½s¿è¾¹¡G¤ñemacsµu¤pºë®«¡A¤]©y©ó³]©w¡A¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¤]»P¨ä¥L½s
   ¿è¾¹¤Q¤ÀÃþ¦ü¡C §Ú­Ì¤j¾Çªº³\¦h¥Î¤á³£¥Îjed´À¥NVMSªº¨t²Î½s¿è¾¹EDT¡C

   jedªº³]¸m¤åÀɬ° .jedrc©M/usr/lib/jed/lib/*¡F«eªÌ¥i±q«áªÌ¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªºjed.rc
   ­×§ï¦Ó±o¡C

     * ­n¨Ïjedªº¯S®íÁä¦ì³]¸m¥¿½T¡A½s¨î/usr/lib/jed/lib/defaults.slÀÉ¡A ¨ä
       ¤º®e¦p¤U¡G

() = evalfile(" Linux ");

     * ¦pªGxjed¤£ÃѧODELÁä¡A«h¦b.jedrc¤¤¼W¥[¤U¦C¤º®e¡G

#ifdef XWINDOWS
  x_set_keysym (0xFFFF, 0, "\e[3
  setkey (``delete_char_cmd'', "\e[3
#endif

     * ½s¿è/usr/lib/jed/lib/ Linux .sl¡A³]©wInfo_Directory = "/usr/info";
       ¦}¦b/UCB_Mailer = "/bin/mail";¦Z²K¥[/bin/mail¡F
     * ³]¸mjed¼ÒÀÀEDT¡]©Î¨ä¥L½s¿è¾¹¡^ªº¤u§@¤£Ãø¡G¥u¶·½s¿è .jedrc ¤¤ªº¤L¦æ
       ¤º®e¡C ¦pªG­n¥Î¤pÁä½L¤¤ªº¡¥+¡¦Áä§R¦r¡A¦Ó¤£¥u§R¤@­Ó¦r¥À¡A«h¦b.jedrc
       ¤¤() = evalfile("edt")¡]©ÎÃþ¦üªº³]©w¡^¤§«á¼W²K¤U¦C¤º®e¡G

unsetkey("\eOl");
unsetkey("\eOP\eOl");
setkey("edt_wdel", "\eOl");
setkey("edt_uwdel", "\eOP\eOl");

     * ¦bEDT¼ÒÀÀ¤¤¡A­n¨Ïxjed¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦r¤pÁä½L¡A«h¶·¦b .Xmodmap ¤¤²K¥[¤U¦C¤º
       ®e¡G

keycode 77  = KP_F1
keycode 112 = KP_F2
keycode 63  = KP_F3
keycode 82  = KP_F4
keycode 86  = KP_Separator

     * ¦b.Xdefaults¤¤¼W¥[¥H¤U¤º®e¥i¥H§ó§ïxjedªºÃC¦â¡G

xjed*Geometry: 80x32+150+50
xjed*font: 10x20
xjed*background: midnight blue
# and so on...

     * ³]©w¡§Â²ºÙªí¡¨¥i¸`¬Ù³\¦h®É¶¡¡C½s¿è¤@­ÓºÙ¬° $HOME/.abbrevs.sl ªºµ{
       §Ç¡]¦p­n§ïÅܦWºÙ¡A¥i¦b.jedrc¤¤´¡¤Jvariable Abbrev_File =
       "/usr/lib/jed/abbrev.sl";¡^¡G

create_abbrev_table ("Global", "0-9A-Za-z");
define_abbrev ("Global", "GG", "Guido Gonzato");
create_abbrev_table ("TeX", "\\A-Za-z0-9");
define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\beq", "\\begin{equation}");
define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\eeq", "\\end{equation}");
% and so on...

       ¨ÃÁä¤JESC x abbrev_mode¨Ï¨ä¹B¦æ¡C¦p­n¦Û°Ê¹B¦æ²ºÙ¥\¯à¡A±N¤U¦C¤º®e
       ¥[¤J .jedrc¡G

define text_mode_hook ()
{
  set_abbrev_mode (1);
}
%
define fortran_hook ()
{
  set_abbrev_mode (1);
  use_abbrev_table ("Fortran");
}
% and so on...

4.7 pine(1) ¶l¥ó¾\Ū¾¹

   ­×§ï/usr/lib/pine.conf¤¤¯A¤Î¾ã­Ó¨t²Îªº³]¸m¡A¯S§Oª`·N¡G user-domain
   ¡Bsmtp-server©Mnntp-server¡C¦P®Éª`·N inbox-path¨ú¨M¤_¨Ï¥Î¦óºØ MTA¡G¦p
   ¨Ï¥Î sendmail ©Î postfix¡A«h¬° var/spool/mail/$USER¡F¦p¨Ï¥Î Qmail¡A«h
   ¬° /home/$USER/Mailbox ¡]¦ý root ¨Ï¥Î /usr/lib/pine.conf¡^¡C

4.8 minicom(1)

   °£«D root ­×§ï¼vÅT¾ã­Ó¨t²Îªº³]¸m¡A§_«h¥Î¤áµLªk¨Ï¥Î minicom¡C°O¦í­×§ï¡C

4.9 efax(1) ³n¥ó

   ¥i¯à³o¬O¤@®M³Ì®e©ö¦¬µo¶Ç¯u¡]fax¡^ªº³n¥ó¡C¥u­n­×§ï /usr/bin/fax ¤ºªº«ü
   ¥O§Y¥i¡F­×§ï¤£Ãø¡A¦ý¦³¨Ç¤p¦a¤è«o»Ýª`·N¡G

     * §Q¥Î at+fclass=? «ü¥O§ä¥X¨t²Î¤ºªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº¯Å§O¬° class 1¡B2©Î2.0«¬
       ¡C ¨t²Îªº¦^ÂÐ¥i¯à¬° 0,1,2¡F1 ©M 2 ªí¥Ü¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤ä«ùªº¯Å§O¡F
     * DIALPREFIX: ³æ³æ¨Ï¥Î¡§T¡¨©Î¡§P¡¨¥i¯à¤£¾A¥Î¤_¦³¨Ç°ê®a¡]¦Ü¤Ö¤£¾A¥Î¤_
       ¸q¤j§Q¡^¡C§ï¥Î ¡§ATDT¡¨©Î¡§ATDP¡¨¼·¸¹¡F
     * INIT and RESET: efax »Ý­n°_©l°Ñ¼Æ ¡§-i¡¨©M ¡§-k¡¨¡C ¦p»Ý¨Ï¥Î AT «ü
       ¥O¡A«h±N¨ä±q«ü¥O¤¤®ø°£¡A¨Ã¥H ¡§-i¡¨ ©Î ¡§-k¡¨´À¥N¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¦b INIT
       ¤¤¨Ï¥Î ¡§ATX3¡¨ «ü¥O¡A«h¥[¤J ¡§-iX3¡¨§Y¥i¡C

   §¹¦¨³o¶µ³]¸m«á¡AÁÙ­n³]¸m¤L¶µ¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºÅv­­³]©w¡A³o¼Ë«D root ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤~¯à
   ¦¬µo¶Ç¯u¡C­º¥ý­n¨Ï /var/lock ©M /var/spool/fax ¦¨¬°¥i¼g¥Ø¿ý¡C­n§¹¦¨³o
   ¶µ¤u§@¡A ¤£§«³]¥ß faxusers ¸s²Õ¡A±N¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥[¤J¨ä¤¤¡AµM«á¥H¤U¦C«ü¥O§ïÅÜ
   ÄÝ©Ê¡G

 chmod g+w /var/spool/fax

4.10 Ghostscript

   ³o­Ó¦³¥Îªº³n¥ó¦³ÂI¤p°ÝÃD¡C¦]¬°¬ü°êªº¥X¤f­­¨î¡Apdf2ps ¤£¯à¦b¥[±Kªº .pdf
   ¤åÀɤW¨Ï¥Î¡C¸Ñ¨M¿ìªk¬O±NÂsÄý¾¹±µ¤W [24]http://www.ozemail.com.au/¡A §â
   pdf_sec.ps ¤åÀɨú¥N Ghostscript ¤¤ªº¦P¦W¤åÀɧY¥i¡C

4.11 TeX ªº¨Ï¥Î

   °²³] Linux ¾÷¤W¤w¦w¸Ë¤FLeTeX¡C

     * ±q³ÌªñªºÃè¹³¯¸¤U¸ü¨ä¥L»PLaTeX¦³Ãöªº³n¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p [25]
       ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex¡C±N³o¨Ç¤åÀÉ©ñ¦b
       /usr/share/texmf/tex/latex ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡AµM«á¹B¦æ«ü¥Otexhash¡A¨Ï teTeXª¾
       ¹D·s³n¥óªº¦s¦b¡F
     * ³]¸m³s¦r²Å¡]hyphenation¡^¡A«h¥i­×§ï
       /usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/config/language.datÀÉ¡AµM«á¹B¦æ¡G

 texconfig hyphen

     * ¦p­n³]©wdvips¡A«h»Ý½s¿è /usr/share/texmf/dvips/config/config.psÀÉ
       ¡C ª`·N¡G¦³ÃöÀq»{¤À¿ë²vªº°Ñ¼Æ¤]¼vÅT xdviªº¹B¦æ¡F¦pªG¨C¦¸¹B¦æ®Éµo²{
       ³£­n³Ð³y¦rÅé¡A«h¥i§ï°Ê .Xdefaultªº¤º®e¦p¤U¡G

XDvi*mfmode:

       ³oÀ³¦³©ÒÀ°§U¡C
     * ÂX¤jTeXªº´M§ä½d³ò¥i±N¤l¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªºPostScript¼Æ¦r¥]¬A¦A¤º¡C±N¤U¦C«ü¥O
       ©ñ¤J .bash_profile¡G

export TEXINPUTS="$HOME/figures::./figures"

       ³o¨ÏTeX¦b¬d§äÀq»{¥Ø¿ý¤§«e¥ý¬d§ä$HOME/figures¡A¦}¦b¬d§äÀq»{¥Ø¿ý¤§«á
       ¬d§ä ./figures¡C

4.12 ÁקKPPPªº°ÝÃD

   ¥Ø«e Linux ªº¤º®Ö´X¥G³£¤w½s¤J¤F PPP + TCP/IP ¥\¯à¡A³]©w¤F¦^°e¦a§}
   ¡]loopback¡^©M¥¿½T¦w¸Ë¤Fpppd³n¥ó©M§@¬°suid root¡C·íµM¡AISP ±o¤ä«ùPPP¡C
   ¥Ø«e¦³¨âºØ¤è¦¡¥i¨Ï PPP ¥¿±`¹B§@¡G¡]a¡^¤â°Ê³]©w¡F©M¡]b¡^§Q¥Î¤@­Óµ{¦¡¦Û
   °Ê³]©w¡C¤£½×±Ä¥Î¦óºØ¤è¦¡¡A§¡½Ð¦¬¶°¤U¦C¸ê®Æ¡G

     * ISPªº¹q¸Ü¸¹½X
     * ISPªº¦W¦r¡B¶l¥ó©M·s»DªA°È¾¹ªº¦a§}
     * ISPªº°ì¦W
     * ¥Î¤á¦W¦r©M±K½X

   ¤â°Ê³]¸m¬O¥ó³æ½ÕµL²á¡B¤Q¤À¥F¨ýªº¨Æ¡CÁöµM¯A¤Îªº¤u§@µL«D¬O­×§ï¤åÀÉ©M½s¿è
   ¸}¥»¡A¨Ã¤£³Â·Ð¡A ¦ý·¥©ö¥X¿ù¡A·s¤â©¹©¹¤£´±»´©öÀ|¸Õ¡C©¯¦n¦³ PPP HOWTO ¥i
   ¥H°Ñ¦Ò¡C¦¹¥~¡A¤]¦³¤u¨ã¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡A¿é¤J¤W­z¸ê®Æ¡AµM«á¦Û°Ê¬°±z³]¸m¡C Gnome
   ©MKDE¨â®M³n¥ó¤¤¤À§O¥]¬A¤Fgnome-ppp©Mkppp¨â­Ó¤u¨ã¡A¤è«K¦w¸ËPPP¡A ¥O¤H¤Q
   ¤À·P¿E¡C¦¹¥~¡A¤]¤£§«¨Ï¥Î¦b¥D±±¥x¤W¾Þ§@ªº¤u¨ãwvdial©Meznet¡C ¥u­n´£
   ¨ÑISPªº¹q¸Ü¸¹½X¡B¥Î¤á©m¦W¡B±K½X¡A´NÁpºô¤W¸ô¤F¡C¥¦­Ìªººô­¶¬O [26]
   http://www.worldvisions.ca/wvdial©M [27]http://www.hwaci.com/sw/eznet
   ¡A¤£§«¸Õ¥Î¡C³o¨â­Ó¤u¨ã³£¤Q¤À¦n¥Î¡A¤]»Ý«áªÌ§ó¤è«K¤@¨Ç¡C

  ¨Ï¥Îeznet

   ­º¥ý¡A«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¤åÀÉ/etc/resolv.conf¡A¤º®e¦p¤U¡G

nameserver w.x.y.z

   ¨ä¤¤¶ñ¤J±z¨Ï¥ÎªºISPªº°ì¦W¦øªA¾¹¡]nameserver¡^ªº¦a§}¡C­n§Q¥Îeznet«Ø¥ß±b
   ¤á¡A ¥i¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G

#¡]Ķµù¡G­ì¤å¦³º|¡^

   ³o·|²£¥Í¤@­ÓÄÝ©órootªº¤åÀÉ/var/eznet/eznet.conf¡A¨Ï¥ÎÅv­­¬°600¡F ¦p­n
   Åý¤j®a³£¯à¨Ï¥Î¡A¥Îchmod±N¨ä§ï¬°666¡C§Q¥Îeznet up YOUR_ISP¼·¸¹µ¹ISP¡C¦p
   ªG¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤@ª½µ¥«Ý¹q¸Üªº±µ¼·«H¸¹¡AµLªk±µ³q¡A¸Õ¸Õ¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G

#¡]Ķµù¡G­ì¤å¦³º|¡^

   ­n±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¡A¥u­nµo¥Xeznet down«ü¥O¡C¤£¬O¤Q¤À²³æ¶Ü¡I

  ¨Ï¥Îwvdial

   wvdialªº³]¸m¬Æ¦Ü§óµu¡CÁä¤Jwvdialconf /etc/wvdial.conf¡AµM«á­×§ï³o­Ó¤å
   ÀɨϨä¦C¤J¥Î¤á©m¦W¡B±K½X©M¹q¸Ü¸¹½X¡C ¥Îwvdial¸Õ¼·¡A§Æ±æ¤@¤Á¶¶§Q¡C­nÂ_
   ½u¡A¥Î Ctrl-C§Y¥i¡C

4.13 POP¥Î¤áºÝµ{§Ç

   ­n±qPOP¦øªA¾¹¦¬¨ú¶l¥ó¡A¥i¨Ï¥ÎPOP¥Î¤áºÝµ{§Ç¡A¦pfetchpop©Î fetchmailµ¥¡F
   «áªÌ¤ñ¸û¥ý¶i¡A¦ý»Ý­n¹B¦æsendmail¡C³o¹ï§CÀɹq¸£¦Ó¨¥¡A ¦ü¥G¬O¦h¦¹¤@Á|¡C
   ³o¨Ç³n¥ó¥i±q [28]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/ Linux /system/mail/pop±o¨ì
   ¡C

   ³]¸m¥Î¤áºÝªºµ{¦¡¦p¤U¡G

     * fetchpop¡G¦b²Ä¤@¦¸¹B¦æ³o­Ó³n¥ó®É·|­n¨D¿é¤J¤@¨Ç¸ê®Æ¡C¥u­n¦^µª©Ò¦³°Ý
       ÃD§Y¥i¡C ¦pªGISPªºPOP3¦øªA¾¹¤£¯à¥¿½T°õ¦æLAST«ü¥O¡A¦b¨Ï¥Îfetchpop®É
       ¥²»Ý¥[ªþ°Ñ¼Æ-r
     * fetchmail¡G­×§ï.fetchmailrc¦p¤U¡G

# $HOME/.fetchmailrc
poll mbox.myisp.com with protocol pop3;
  user john there with password _Loo%ny is john here

       ¦³­Ó¥Î¤á«ü¥X¦b²Ä¤G¦æ¤¤¼W¥[¡§smtphost localhost¡¨¯à¤j¤j§ïµ½¹B¦æ³t«×
       ¡C ¥²¶·¹B¦æchmod 600 .fetchmailrc³]©w¦¹Àɪº¨Ï¥ÎÅv­­¡A§_«hfetchmail
       ·|§¹¥þ©Úµ´¹B¦æ¡C ³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¥u¬O¤@ºØ«D±`°ò¥»ªº³]©w¡AÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¦UºØ¥i¯à
       ³]©wªº¿ìªk¡A ¥i°Ñ¬Ý [29]http://www.ccil.org/¡C

4.14 X µøµ¡¨t²Î (XFree86)

  ³]©wX¦øªA¾¹

   Âk®Úµ²©³¡A³]©wX¦øªA¾¹¤w¸g¨S¦³¥H«e¨º»ò§xÃø¡C©Ò¦³ª©¥»ªº Linux ²{¦b³£¥]¬A
   ¤F³]©wX11ªº¤u¨ã¡]XConfigurator¡Bsax¡BXF86Setup ©Î¦Ü¤Ö¦³xf86config¡^¡C
   ¥Ø«eX¦øªA¾¹ªº³]¸m´X¥G§¹¥þ¦Û°Ê¡A ¥u¬O¦³¤Ö¼Æ¤LºØµø¹³¥d¥i¯à©Úµ´¤u§@¡C¦b³]
   ©wX¦øªA¾¹®É¦p¾D¹J§xÃø¡A¥i¥Î¤U¦C²³æªº¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡G

     * ½T©w¦w¸Ë¤F³q¥ÎªºVGA¦øªA¾¹¡F
     * ³s±µ¨ì [30]ftp://ftp.XFree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binaries¡Acd
       ¨ì¾A·íªº Linux ¤l¥Ø¿ý¡A¤U¸üX_version_bin.tgz¡BX_version_set.tgz©M
       ©Ò¦³¦øªA¾¹¡C ¦b¨ä¥L³n¥ó¤¤¡A²Ä¤@­Ó¦sÀɳn¥ó¤º¸ü¦³³Ì·sªºSuperProbe¡F
     * ±NX_version_bin.tgz¥´¶}¨ì¤@­ÓÁ{®É¥Ø¿ý¡Acd¨ì¸Ó¥Ø¿ý¡AµM«á¹B¦æ
       ./SuperProbe¡C¦pªG³o­Óµ{¦¡´ú±oµø¹³¥d¡A¨º´N¦³¥i¯à³]©wµø¹³¥d¡C§_«h´N
       ¨S¦³§Æ±æ¡F
     * ±q/usr/X11R6/¦w¸Ë¦U­Ó¦øªA¾¹©MX_version_set.tgz¡AµM«á¹B¦æ XF86Setup
       ¡C

   ³oºØ¤èªk¤@¯ë³£¸UµL¤@¥¢¡A¦ý¦U¤Hªº±¡ªp¥i¯à¤£¦P¡CX11¤£¶}©l¹B¦æªº¦h¼Æ­ì¦]
   ¬Oµø¹³¾¹ªº°Ñ¼Æ¿ï¾Ü¹L°ª¡C ¤£§«±q¤ñ¸û§Cªº°Ñ¼Æ¶}©l¡A¨Ò¦p¿ï800x600©M256¦â
   ¡AµM«á³v¨B¤W¤É¡Cª`·N¡G ³o¨Ç¾Þ§@À³ÂÔ·V¤p¤ß¡A¥i¯à·|·lÃaµø¹³¾¹¡I

  ¼Æ¦r¤pÁä½L

   ¤W¤å¤w¸g¥Ü½d¦p¦ó³]©w¤L­Ó¯S§OÁä¦ì¡C¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎXjed¡A¥Ü½d¤åÀÉ.Xmodmap´N²Å¦X
   »Ý­n¡A ¦ý¯ÊÂI¬OµLªk¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦r¤pÁä½L¡]keypad¡^¡C¦]¦¹»Ý­n.Xmodmap.num¥t§@
   ³]©w¡G

! Definitions can be found in <X11/keysymdef.h>
! ¦b<X11/keysymdef.h>¤¤¥i§ä¨ì¦U¶µ©w¸q
keycode 77  = Num_Lock
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 63  = KP_Multiply
keycode 82  = KP_Subtract
keycode 86  = KP_Add
keycode 79  = KP_7
keycode 80  = KP_8
keycode 81  = KP_9
keycode 83  = KP_4
keycode 84  = KP_5
keycode 85  = KP_6
keycode 87  = KP_1
keycode 88  = KP_2
keycode 89  = KP_3
keycode 90  = KP_0
keycode 91  = KP_Decimal

   ½T©w/etc/X11/XF86Config¤¤¤£±o¦³¤U¦C¤T¦æ¡G

  ServerNumLock
  Xleds
  XkbDisable

   §_«h¥Î#µù¾P¡C­n­«·s¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦r¤pÁä½L¡A¹B¦æ«ü¥Oxmodmap .Xmodmap.num¡C

  ¥Îxdm¹Ï¹³µn¿ý

   ­n¨Ï¥Î¹Ï¹³µn¿ý¡A¤£§«­×§ï/etc/inittab¡A¨Ï¨ä¥]§t¤U¦C¤º®e¡G

x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X11/xdm -nodaemon

   ¨ä¤¤5¬OX11ªº¹B¦æ¯Å§O¡]runlevel¡^¡]S.u.S.E. ¥Î4¡^¡C«ö·Ó¤U¦C¤èªk­×§ïÀq»{
   ¹B¦æ¯Å§O¡]³q±`¬°2©Î3¡^¡G

id:5:initdefault:

   ÃC¦âªº¼Æ­È³]©w¤_/etc/X11/xdm/Xserver¡G

:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :0 -bpp 16 vt07  # first X server, 65k colours
:1 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :1 -bpp 32 vt08  # second X server, true colour

   ¦pªG¤w¦³.xinitrc¡A±N¨ä½Æ»s¦¨.xsession¡A¦}¹B¦æchmod +x .xsession¨Ï¨ä¦¨
   ¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡CµM«á¹B¦æ«ü¥Otelinit 5¡A¨º´N¤j¥\§i¦¨¤F¡C

  µøµ¡ºÞ²z¾¹

   ¤@¥¹X¦øªA¾¹¯à°÷µL»~¦a¤u§@¡A¨º´N¦³¦UºØ²Õ¦Xªº³]¸m¡F·íµM¡A³o±o¬Ý¥Î­þºØµø
   µ¡ºÞ²z¾¹(window manager)¡A¥Ø«e´N¦³¤L¤QºØ¥i¿ï¡C¦h¼Æ³]¸m³£¬O­×§ï¤@¡B¨â­Ó
   ¥D¥Ø¿ý¤ºªº¤å¥»¤å¥ó(ASCII files)¡F¤]¦³®Ú¥»¤£»Ý§@¥ô¦ó­×§ïªºµøµ¡ºÞ²z¾¹¡A
   ¦Ó¥Î¤@­Ó¤pµ{¦¡©Î¬Æ¦Üµæ³æ¨ÓºÞ²z¡C

   Á|¨Ò¦p¤U¡G

     * ÄÝ©ófvwm®a±Ú: «þ¨© /etc/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrc (©ÎÃþ¦üªºµ{¦¡)¨ì¥D
       ¥Ø¿ý¡A ¥´¶}¸Õ¥Î¡C¥Î³oºØ¤èªk¥i¯à·|®ö¶O¤£¤Ö®É¶¡¡A¤£¹L³o¼Ë¤~·|¯u¥¿ª¾
       ¹D¥¦ªº¯S©Ê¡A¨Ã¤F¸Ñ¬O§_§ë§A©Ò¦n¡F
     * WindowMaker: ¥¦¦³¤L­Ó³]¸m¤åÀÉ¡A³£¦b $HOME/GNUstep¤º¡A¦}¦³¤@­Ó¬Û·í
       ¤£¿ùªº¤pµ{¦¡(applet)¡F
     * KDE ©M Gnome: ¨S¦³¥ô¦ó­×§ï¤§³B¡G¥ô¦ó³]©w³£³q¹Lµæ³æ¶i¦æ¡C

   ²¨¥¤§¡A¦pªG¤£¦b¥G­×§ï³]¸m¤åÀÉ¡A¥i¿ï¥Îicewm¡Bfvwm*¡Bblackboxµ¥¡F §_«h
   ´N¿ï¥Î¥Ø«e±`¨£ªºKDE¡BGnome¡BWindowMaker©MXFCE¡C

   À³¸Ó­n¦³¤@­Ó¦nªº.xinitrc¡CÁ|¨Ò¦p¤U¡G

#!/bin/sh
# $HOME/.xinitrc

usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap

xset s noblank  # turn off the screen saver -- Ãö³¬«Ì¹õ«OÅ@³n¥ó
xset s 300 2    # screen saver start after 5 min -- 5¤ÀÄÁ¤§«á±Ò°Ê«Ì¹õ«OÅ@
xset m 10 5     # set mouse acceleration -- ³]©w¹«¼Ðªº³t«×

rxvt -cr green -ls -bg black -fg white -fn 7x14 \
  -geometry 80x30+57+0 &

if [ "$1" = "" ] ; then  # default
  WINMGR=wmaker
else
  WINMGR=$1
fi

$WINMGR

   ÁöµM¨Ã«D¥²»Ý¡A¦ý±N¨äÅܦ¨¥i°õ¦æÀÉchmod +x .xinitrc¡C

   ³o­Ó .xinitrc Åý§A¿ï¥Îµøµ¡ºÞ²z¾¹¡G

$ startx startkde # or other w.m. -- ©Î¨ä¥Lµøµ¡ºÞ²z¾¹

   (¤£¹L¥¦¤£¾A¥Î¤_¦³¨Çª©¥»ªº S.u.S.E.)

  X11 À³¥Î³n¥óªºÀq»{­È

   §ä¥Xapp-defaultsªº©Ò¦b¦ì¸m(À³¸Ó¦b/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults)¡C ¦³
   ¤L­ÓÀ³¥Î³n¥óªº³]¸m¤åÀɳ£¦b³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¤º¡C

4.15 ¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº³]¸m¤åÀÉ

   §¹¦¨ Dot ¤åÀɪº½s¿è«á¡A±N³o¨Ç³]¸m¤åÀÉ«ö [31]³n¥ó³]¸mªº¤èªk§Û¨ì
   /etc/skel¡C

4.16 »s§@ .rpm

   rpm¬O¤@ºØºÞ²z¾ã®M³n¥óªº¦n¤èªk¡A°£«D¦b¯S®í±¡ªp¤U(¦w¥þ²z¥Ñ)¡A ¤@¯ë§Ú³£¤£
   ¤ÓÄ@·N¦w¸Ë.tar.gz³n¥ó¡C­n¦w¸Ë.tar.gz³n¥ó®É¡A¤£§«±N¨äÂà´«¦¨.rpmÀÉ¡A µM
   «á¦A¦w¸Ë¡F°Ñ¦ÒRPM HOWTO¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦b¨Ï¥Î¤ñ¸û·sªºgccª©¥»®É¡A¨Ò¦p egcs
   ©Îpgcc¡A ¤£§«±N¤U¦C¤º®e¥[¤J/etc/rpmrc¡G

optflags: i386 -O2 -mpentium

4.17 Upgrading

   ¦b¾÷¾¹¤É¯Å®É¡AÀ³­º¥ý»s§@³Æ¥÷¡A¨Ã«O¦s¤@¨Ç­«­n¤åÀÉ¡A¨ä¤¤À³¥]¬A
   /etc/X11/XF86Config¡B/usr/bin/fax©M/usr/local ¤¤ªº©Ò¦³¤åÀÉ¥H¤Î¤º®Ö³]¸m
   ¡B¥þ®M/etc©M/var/spool/mail¤¤ªº©Ò¦³¶l¥ó¡C

   µM«áÀ³¸Ó¤É¯Å¡]·¥¤Ö­°¯Å¡^³n¥óª©¥»ªþ±aªºÀ³¥Î³n¥ó¡A©M¼W¥[À³¥Î³n¥ó¡C

5. ³]¸m³n¥ó

   ¦³¤@¨Çµ{¦¡¨Ï Linux ©ö¤_¦w¸Ë©M³]¸m¡C¦³¨Çµ{¦¡¤w¸g¦¨¬°¼Ð·Ç¡G Red Hat ©M
   Caldera ¥H¤Î¤@¨Çªþ±a setup¡Bprinttool¡Bnetcfg¡Busertoolªºª©¥»¡A
   S.u.S.E.©^°e¾ã®M³]¸mµ{§ÇYast¡C¨ä¥L¦³¥Îªºµ{§Ç¥]¬A¡G

     * The Dotfile Generator: Xµøµ¡ªºÀ³¥Î³n¥ó©M¼Ò²Õ¡A¥H«K³]¸memacs¡Bbash
       ¡Bprocmailµ¥³n¥ó¡C ¨äºô§}¬° [32]http://www.imada.ou.dk/
     * Linux conf: ³Ì¦³¥Îªº³]¸m¤u¨ã¡C¥¦¯à¦b¥D±±¥x©MX¤U§¡¥i¹B¦æ¡C­n¬d§ä¸ê
       ®Æ¡A¤£§«§Q¥Î [33]http://www.solucorp.qc.ca/ Linux confºô§}¡C

6. µ²§ô

6.1 ª©Åv»¡©ú¡]ĶªÌ¡G«O¯d­ì¤å¡^

   Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
   their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
   distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
   as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
   redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
   like to be notified of any such distributions.

   All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
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   That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
   additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
   may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
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   In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
   as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
   on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
   redistribute the HOWTO s.

   If you have questions, please contact Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO
   coordinator, at [34]Linux-HOWTO@metalab.unc.edu via email.

6.2 ¤ÏõX·N¨£

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6.3 §K³dÁn©úDisclaimer

   ¡§¨t²Î³]¸m HOWTO ¡¨¬O§Ú Guido Gonzato [35]guido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it½s¼g
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   §Ú°J¤ß§Æ±æ³o½g¤å³¹¹ï±z¦³¥Î¡A¦]¬°§Ú¦b¦w¸Ë·s Linux ¨t²Î®É¡A¤]³£®É®É­É
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   Guido =8-)

References

   1. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/guido``at''ibogeo.df.unibo.it
   2. news:comp.os.linux.setup
   3. http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO
   4. http://ibogeo.df.unibo.it/guido/Configuration
   5. http://www.seifried.org/lasg
   6. http://nic.com/
   7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#Restricting
   8. http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/
   9. http://srp.stanford.edu/srp/
  10. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery
  11. http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0591.html
  12. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#SVGA
  13. http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0239.html
  14. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#Hostname
  15. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/hardware
  16. http://www.torque.net/
  17. http://Linux.wauug.org/pub/knaff/mtools
  18. http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.html
  19. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/Linux/sources/sbin
  20. http://www.xos.nl/Linux/ipfwadm/
  21. http://www.adelaide.net.au/
  22. http://cpwright.villagenet.com/mserver/
  23. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#Config sw
  24. http://www.ozemail.com.au/
  25. ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex
  26. http://www.worldvisions.ca/wvdial
  27. http://www.hwaci.com/sw/eznet
  28. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/mail/pop
  29. http://www.ccil.org/
  30. ftp://ftp.XFree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binaries
  31. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#config
  32. http://www.imada.ou.dk/
  33. http://www.solucorp.qc.ca/Linuxconf
  34. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Linux-HOWTO@metalab.unc.edu
  35. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/guido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it