DNS HOWTO ¤¤Ä¶ª© §@ªÌ: Nicolai Langfeldt [1]janl@math.uio.no ĶªÌ: [2]Asd L. Chen & [3]C.W.Huang v1.4.2, 1 January 1998 ½Ķ¤é´Á: 8 January 1998 _________________________________________________________________ ¦p¦ó¦¨¬°¤@ÓºÙ¾ªº¤p«¬ DNS ºÞ²zªÌ¡D _________________________________________________________________ 1. «e¨¥ * 1.1 ª©Åv«Å§i * 1.2 ·PÁ»P¨D§U * 1.3 ÃDÄmÃã 2. ²¤¶ 3. ¼È¦s±M¥Î¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ * 3.1 °_©l named 4. ¤@Ó²³æªº»â°ì * 4.1 ¥ý¨Ó¤@ÂI¯Â²z½× * 4.2 §Ú̦ۤvªº»â°ì * 4.3 Ä~Äò²`¤J 5. ¯u¹ê»â°ìªº¨Ò¤l * 5.1 /etc/named.boot (©Î /var/named/named.boot) * 5.2 /var/named/root.cache * 5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0 * 5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com * 5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177 6. ºûÅ@¤u§@ 7. Bind version 8 8. ¼·±µ³s½uªº¦Û°Ê³]©w 9. ±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñµª 10. ¦p¦ó¦¨¬°¤@Ó¤j«¬ªº DNS ºÞ²zªÌ _________________________________________________________________ 1. «e¨¥ ÃöÁä¦r: DNS, bind, named, dialup, ppp, slip, Internet, domain, name, hosts, resolving 1.1 ª©Åv«Å§i (C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt. Do not modify without amending copyright, distribute freely but retain copyright message. ¨S¦³×qª©ÅvªÌ½Ð¤Åקï¡A¥i¦Û¥Ñ´²§G¦ý¥²¶·«O¯dª©Åv°T®§¡D 1.2 ·PÁ»P¨D§U §Ún¦VµL¼Æ¦¸¾\Ū³o¥÷¤å¥óªº¯ó½Z¨Ã´£¨Ñ³\¦h¦³¥Î«Øijªº Arnt Gulbrandsen ªí ¹F·PÁ¤§·N¡D §Ú¤]n·PÁ¨º¨Ç±N«Øij±Hµ¹§Úªº¤H¡D ³o¥÷¤å¥ó±N¥Ã»·¤£·|¦³§¹¦¨ªº¤@¤Ñ¡A½Ð§â§Aªº°ÝÃD¥H¤Î¦¨¥\ªº¸gÅç±Hµ¹§Ú¡A ³o ¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦¦¨¬°¤@¥÷§ó¦nªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó¡D©Ò¥H½Ð§â¿ú¡Aµû½×¥H¤Î/©Î¬O°ÝÃD±Hµ¹ [4] janl@ifi.uio.no¡D ¦pªG§A±H«Hµ¹§Ú¨Ã§Æ±æ±o¨ì¦^µª½Ðªí²{°ò¥»ªºÂ§»ª¡A½T©w¦^ «H¦a§}¬O¥¿½T¦Ó¥B¥i¥H¹B§@ªº¡D ÁÙ¦³¡A¼g«Hµ¹§Ú«e½Ð¥ý¾\Ū [5]FAQ ¤@¸`¡D ¦pªG§A·Q½Ķ³o½g HOWTO ½Ð»P§ÚÁpµ¸¡A³o¼Ë§Ú¤~ª¾¹D§Úªº¤å³¹³QÅܦ¨¦óºØ»y¨¥ :-). 1.3 ÃDÄmÃã ÂÔ¥H³o¥÷»¡©ú¤å¥óÄmµ¹ Anne Line Norheim Langfeldt¡DÁöµM¦o¥i¯à¥Ã»·³£¤£·| ¾\Ū³o¥÷¤å¥ó¡A¦]¬°¦o¤£¬O³oÃþ«¬ªº¤k«Ä¡D 2. ²¤¶ ³o¬O¤°»ò¥H¤Î³o¤£¬O¤°»ò º¥ý¡ADNS ´N¬O»â°ì¦WºÙ¨t²Î(Domain Name System)¡D ¬°¾÷¾¹©R¦Wªº³W«h¥H¤Î ±N³o¨Ç¦WºÙÂà´«¬° IP ¼Æ¦rªº³nÅé¡D ³o¥÷ HOWTO ¤å¥ó»¡©ú¤F¦p¦ó¥Î Linux ©w ¸q³o¼Ëªº¹ïÀ³¡D ¹ïÀ³«üªº¬O³o¨â¥ó¨ÆªºÁpô¡A¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡A¹³ ftp.linux.org¡A ¥H¤Î¾÷¾¹ªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A¹³¬O 199.249.150.4¡D DNS¡A¹ï·s¤â(§A¡F¡Ð)¦Ó¨¥¡A¬Oºô¸ôºÞ²z¤¤¤ñ¸û±â·t¤£©úªº¦a¤è¤§¤@¡D ³o¥÷»¡©ú ¤å¥ó±N·|¸ÕµÛÅý´X¥ó¨Æ±¡¯à²M·¡¤@ÂI¡D¥¦´yz¦p¦ó³]¥ß¤@Ó²³æªº DNS ¦WºÙ¦ø ªA¾¹¡D ¶}©l¥ý»¡©ú¼È¦s±M¥Î(caching only)¦øªA¾¹¡AµM«á¬O¬°¤@»â°ì³]¥ß¥D n(primary)¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D ¦Ü©ó§ó½ÆÂøªº³]©w§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò³o¥÷¤å¥óªº [6]FAQ ¤@ ¸`¡D ¤£¥Î»¡§A±N±o¾\Ū¯u¥¿ªº¤å¥ó¡D §Ú±N·|¦b [7]³Ì«á¤@³¹ ¦^¹LÀY¨Ó»¡©ú³o ¸Ì©Ò¿×¯u¥¿ªº¤å¥ó¥]§t¦³þ¨Ç¡D ¦b§A¥i¥H¶}©l¶i¦æ³o¶µ¤u§@¤§«e§AÀ³¸Ón¥ý°t¸m¦n§Aªº¾÷¾¹¥H«K¥i¥H±q»·ºÝñ¤J ¥¦¥H¤Î¥Ñ¥¦¹ï¨ä¥¦¾÷¾¹§@»·ºÝñ¤J¡A ¨Ã¥B¨Ï©Ò¦³¦UºØ¹ïºô¸ôªº³s½u³£¯à¦¨¥\¦a ¶i¦æ¡A¤×¨ä§AÀ³¸Ón¯à°÷¹ï 127.0.0.1 ¶i¦æ»·ºÝñ¤J¨Ã¥B¶i¤J§A¦Û¤vªº³o¥x¾÷ ¾¹(²{¦b´N¸Õ¸Õ!)¡D ¦P®É§A¤]»Ýn¤@¥÷¹B§@¨}¦nªº /etc/host.conf, /etc/resolv.conf ¥H¤Î /etc/hosts Àɮק@¬°¶}©l¡D ¦]¬°§Ú±N¤£·|¦b³o¸Ì¸ÑÄÀ ¥¦Ìªº¥\¯à¡D¦pªG§AÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¦¨©Ò¦³³o¨Ç³]©w¨Ã¨Ï¨ä¹B§@¨º»ò the networking/NET-2 HOWTO ·|¸ÑÄÀ¦p¦ó³]¥ß¥¦Ì¡D¾\Ū¤§¡D ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î SLIP ©ÎªÌ¬O PPP ¨º»ò§A±on¯àÅý¥¦¹B§@¡DY¬O¥¦ÁÙ¤£¯à¹B§@ªº¸Ü ¾\Ū [8]PPP HOWTO¡D ·í§Ú»¡¡¥§Aªº¾÷¾¹¡¦®É§Úªº·N«ä¬O§A¥¿n¹Á¸Õ¦b¤W±³]¥ß DNS ªº¨º¥x¾÷¾¹¡D ¤£ ¬O¥ô¦ó¥i¯à¦b§Aºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¸Ìªº¨ä¥¦¾÷¾¹¡D §Ú°²³]§A¨Ã¤£¬O³B©ó¥ô¦ó·|ªýê¦WºÙ¬d¸ßªº¨¾¤õÀð«á±¡D¦pªG§A¬O¨º»ò§A±N·|»Ý n¯S§Oªº³]©w¡A °Ñ¨£ [9]FAQ ¤@¸`¡D ¦b Unix ¤Wªº¦WºÙªA°È¬OÂǥѤ@¤äºÙ¬° named ªºµ{¦¡¨Ó°õ¦æªº¡D ³o¬OÄÝ©ó bind ®M¥óªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A³oÓ®M¥ó¬O¥Ñ Paul Vixie ¬°ºô»Úºô¸ô³nÅ鶰¹Î(Internet Software Consortium)©Ò¨ó½Õµo®iªº¡D ¤j³¡¤Àªº Linux µo¦æ®M¥ó³£¥]§t¦³ named¡A¦Ó¥B³q±`¦w¸Ë©ó /usr/sbin/named¡D ¦pªG§Aªº¨t²Î¦³Ó named ¨º»ò§A ¤j·§¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡F¦pªG¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¨º»ò§A¥i¥H±q¬YÓ Linux ftp ¯¸¨ú¦^¤@¥÷ ¤G¶i¦ì°õ¦æÀÉ¡A©Î¬O±q [10]ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/ ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¨ú±o³Ì·s ³Ì´Îªºì©lµ{¦¡½X¡D ¥»¤å¥ó¬O»¡©ú bind version 4 ªº¡D¦pªG§A¦w¸Ë version 8 §An¦Û¤v·Q¿ìªk¡Dµy«á¦³¤@¸`¥i¯à·|¹ï§A¦³¨ÇÀ°§U¡D DNS ¬OÓ¥H¾ãÓºô¸ô¬°½d³òªº(net-wide)¸ê®Æ®w¡Dn¤p¤ß§A©ñ¶i¸Ì±ªº¸ê®Æ¡D ¦pªG§A©ñ¨Ç¼oª«¶i¥h¡A§A¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦¤H³£±N·|±q¤¤¨ú¥X¨Ç¼oª«¡D «O«ù§A DNS ªº ¾ã»ô¤@P¨º»ò§A±N¯à±q¤¤¨ú±o¨}¦nªºªA°È¡D ¾Ç²ß¥h¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡AºÞ²z¥¦¡A°l¬d¥¦ªº ¿ù»~¨º»ò§A±N·|¬O¥t¤@Ó«O«ùºô¸ô§K©ó¦]¬°ºÞ²z¤£µ½¦Ó®Ä²v§C¸¨ªº¦nºÞ²zªÌ¡D ¦b³o¥÷¤å¥ó¸Ì§ÚÂ_µM¦a±Ôz´X¥ó¨Ã¤£§¹¥þ¬O¯u¹êªº¨Æ±¡(ÁöµM¥¦Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤@¥b¬O ¯uªº)¡D ³o¥þ³£¬O¬°¤F²¤Æ¡D¦pªG§A¬Û«H§Ú©Ò»¡ªº¨º»ò³o¨Ç¤j·§´N¯à¹B§@¡D n³Z: ¦pªG§A¤w¸g¾Ö¦³§Ún§A¥h§ïÅܪºÀɮסA¨º»ò©Ò¦³³o¨ÇÀɮ׳£n¥ý°µ³Æ¥÷¡A ³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¦pªG¸g¾ú³o¨Ç§ïÅܤ§«á¨S¦³ªF¦è·|°Êªº¸Ü§A¥i¥H¦^´_¨ì§Aªº¡A¥i¥H¹B §@ªº±¡§Î¡D 3. ¼È¦s±M¥Î¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ DNS °t¸mªºººØ¹Á¸Õ¡A¹ï¼·±µ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ«D±`¦³¥Î¡D ¤@¥x¼È¦s±M¥Î¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹±N·|¬°¦WºÙ¬d¸ß§ä¥Xµª®×¨Ã¥B¦b¤U¤@¦¸§A»Ýn¨ºÓ¦WºÙ ªº®ÉÔ°O±oµª®×¡D º¥ý§A»Ýn¤@ÓºÙ¬° /etc/named.boot ªºÀɮסD·í named ±Ò°Ê®É·|Ū¨ú³oÓÀÉ ®×¡D ¥Ø«e¥¦À³¸Ó³æ¯Â¦a¥]§t: _________________________________________________________________ ; Boot file for nicolais caching name server ; directory /var/named ; ; type domain source file or host cache . root.cache primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa pz/127.0.0 _________________________________________________________________ «D±`«n: ¦b³o¤å¥óªº¬Y¨Çª©¥»¤¤³oÓÀɮתº³o¥÷¦Cªí·|¦b²Ä¤@Ó«DªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸«e ¥]§t¤@¨ÇªÅ®æ©Î tab Áä¡D ³o¨Ç¤£À³¸Ó¥X²{¦bÀɮפ¤¡D¦pªG§A±q³o¥÷ HOWTO °Å ¶K¤U¨Ó¡A°O±o§R°£¥ô¦ó«e±ªºªÅ¥Õ¡D `directory' ³o¤@¦æ§i¶D named ¨ìþ¸Ì¥h§ä´MÀɮסD©Ò¦³¨ä«á©R¦WªºÀɮ׳£±N ¬O¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¥Ø¿ýªº¡D ®Ú¾Ú Linux Àɮרt²Î¼Ð·Ç¥¿½Tªº¥Ø¿ýÀ³¸Ó¬O¦b /var/named¡D ¦]¦¹ pz ¬O¦ì©ó /var/named ¤§¤Uªº¡A¤]´N¬O¡A/var/named/pz¡D ºÙ¬° /var/named/root.cache ªº³oÓÀɮ׬O¦b¦¹©R¦Wªº¡D ³oÓ /var/named/root.cache À³¸Ó¥]§t: _________________________________________________________________ . 518400 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ; D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.203.230.10 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.36.148.17 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.112.36.4 A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.41.0.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.63.2.53 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.33.4.12 _________________________________________________________________ °O¦í§Ú»¡¹Ln¥h±¼ªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸! ³oÓÀÉ®×´yz¤F¦b³oÓ¥@¬É¤Wªº®Ú¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D³o·|ÀH®É¶¡¦Ó§ïÅܨåB¥²¶·¥[¥H ºûÅ@¡D ¦p¦ó¯à«O«ù¥¦ÀH®É§ó·s½Ð°Ñ¨£ [11]ºûÅ@½g¡D ¦b named ªº½u¤W¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U ¸Ì¦³³oÓÀɮתº´yz¡A¦ý¬O³o¡A¥H§Ú¬Ý¨Ó¡A³Ì¾A¦X¨º¨Ç¤w¸g¤F¸Ñ named ªº¤HÌ ¡D ¦b named.boot ¸Ìªº¤U¤@¦æ¬O primary ³o¤@¦æ¡D §Ú±N·|¦bµy«áªº³¹¸`¸Ì¸ÑÄÀ¥¦ ªº¥Îªk¡A¥Ø«e¥un§â¥¦³]¬°¦b pz ¤l¥Ø¿ý¤U¤@ÓºÙ¬° 127.0.0 ªºÀÉ®×: _________________________________________________________________ @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 1 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 604800 ; Expire 86400) ; Minimum TTL NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 PTR localhost. _________________________________________________________________ ±µ¤U¨Ó¡A§A»Ýn¤@¥÷¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ëªº /etc/resolv.conf ÀÉ®×: _________________________________________________________________ search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu nameserver 127.0.0.1 _________________________________________________________________ `search' ³o¤@¦æ«ü¥X¹ï©ó¥ô¦ó§A·Q³s©¹ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙÀ³¸Ó·j´Mªº»â°ì¡D `nameserver' ³o¤@¦æ«ü¥X§Aªº¾÷¾¹¥i¥H¦bþÓ¦ì§}¤W§ä¨ì¤@¥x¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡A ¦b ³oÓ¨Ò¤l¤¤¬O§A¦Û¤vªº³o¥x¾÷¾¹¡A¦]¬°§A¦b¥¦¤W±°õ¦æ named¡D ¦pªG§A·Q¦C¥X ¦n´XÓ¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹§â¥¦Ì³£©ñ¦b¤@¦æ `nameserver' ¸Ì¡A¥ÎªÅ®æ¹j¶}¡D (ª`·N: named ±q¤£Åª¨ú³oÓÀɮסA¦Ó¬O¨Ï¥Î named ªº¦WºÙ¸Ñµª¾¹·|Ū¨ú¡D) ¨Ó»¡©ú¤@¤U³oÓÀɮצ³¤°»ò§@¥Î: ¦pªG¬YӫȤáºÝ¹Á¸Õn§ä´M foo ªº¸Ü¡A ¨º»ò º¥ý¹Á¸Õªº¬O foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu ³oÓ¦WºÙ¡A µM«á±µ¤U¨Ó¬O foo.your-fomain.edu ³oÓ¦WºÙ¡A³Ì«á«h¬O foo ³oÓ¦WºÙ¡D ¦pªG¦³¬YӫȤáºÝ ¹Á¸Õn§ä´M sunsite.unc.edu ªº¸Ü¡A ¨ºº¥ý¹Á¸Õªº¬O sunsite.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu ³oÓ¦WºÙ(¨S¿ù¡A¥¦¯u²Â! 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Default Server: c.root-servers.net Address: 192.33.4.12 ³]©w¬d¸ß«¬ºA¬° NS (¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹°O¿ý name server records)¡D > set q=ns ¬d°ÝÃö©ó edu. ªº¸ê®Æ¡D > edu. µ²§Àªº . ¦b³o¸Ì«D±`«n¡A¥¦§i¶D¸Ó¦øªA¾¹§ÚÌ©Ò¬d°Ýªº edu ¬O¦b . ¤§¤Uªº ¨º¤@Ó¡A ³oµy¯àÁY¤p·j´Mªº½d³ò¡D edu nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.63.2.53 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.203.230.10 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.112.36.4 ³o§i¶D§ÚÌ *.root-servers.net ªA°È edu. »â°ì¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÌ¥i¥HÂǦ¹Ä~Äò¬d°Ý c ¦øªA¾¹¡D ²{¦b§ÚÌ·Qnª¾¹D¬O½Öt³d¤U¤@¼h mit.edu. ªº»â°ì¦WºÙ: > mit.edu. Server: c.root-servers.net Address: 192.33.4.12 Non-authoritative answer: mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu Authoritative answers can be found from: STRAWB.mit.edu internet address = 18.71.0.151 W20NS.mit.edu internet address = 18.70.0.160 BITSY.mit.edu internet address = 18.72.0.3 steawb, w20ns ¥H¤Î bitsy t³d mit »â°ì¡A¿ï¾Ü¨ä¤¤¤@ӨåB¬d¸ß ai.mit.edu: > server W20NS.mit.edu. ¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¤£¤À¤j¤p¼g¡A¦ý¬O§Ú¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K©Ò¥H³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ¬O¿Ã¹õªº«þ¨©¡D Server: W20NS.mit.edu Address: 18.70.0.160 > ai.mit.edu. Server: W20NS.mit.edu Address: 18.70.0.160 Non-authoritative answer: ai.mit.edu nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU Authoritative answers can be found from: AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.13 WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.35.13 ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.5 ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.37.5 GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.4 GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.36.4 TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.6 TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.6 MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.7 MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.39.7 ©Ò¥H weaties.ai.mit.edu ¬O ai.mit.edu ªº¤@¥x¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹: > server WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU. Default Server: WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU Addresses: 128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13 ²{¦b§Ú§ïÅܬd¸ßªº«¬ºA¡A§Ṳ́w¸g§ä¨ì¸Ó¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹©Ò¥H²{¦b§Ú̱Nn¸ß°Ý wheaties Ãö©ó prep.ai.mit.edu ¥¦©Òª¾¹Dªº¥ô¦ó¨Æ±¡¡D > set q=any > prep.ai.mit.edu. Server: WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU Addresses: 128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13 prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25 OS = unix prep.ai.mit.edu inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp #21 #23 #25 #79 prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = life.ai.mit.edu prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42 ai.mit.edu nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = wheaties.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80 alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.5 wheaties.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.35.13 wheaties.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.13 grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.36.4 grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.4 mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.11 mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.54.11 mintaka.lcs.mit.edu internet address = 18.26.0.36 ©Ò¥H§Ú̱q . ¶}©l³sÄò§ä¥X¦b»â°ì¦WºÙ¸Ìªº¤U¤@¼h¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î§A ¦Û¤vªº DNS ¦øªA¾¹¦Ó¤£¬O©Ò¦³³o¨ÇӨ䥦ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A §Aªº named ·íµM·|¼È¦s ©Ò¦³³o¨Ç¦b¬°§A´M§ä³oÓµª®×®É©Ò§ä¨ìªº¸ê°T¡A ¦Ó¥B¦b¤@¬q®É¶¡¤º¥¦¤£¥²¦A¦¸ ¬d°Ý¡D ¤@Ó¤ñ¸û°_¨Ó«Ü¤Ö³Q½×¤Î¡A¦ý¬O¦P¼Ë«nªº¬O in-addr.arpa »â°ì¡D¥¦¤]¹³¡¥¥¿ ±`ªº¡¦»â°ì¤@¼Ë¬O±_ª¬ªº¡D in-addr.arpa Åý§ÚÌ¥i¥H¦b¾Ö¦³¥D¾÷¦ì§}ªº®ÉÔ±o ª¾¸Ó¥D¾÷ªº¦WºÙ¡D ¦b³o¸Ì¦³¥ó«nªº¨Æ±¡nª`·Nªº¬O¦b in-addr.arpa ³oӻ⠰줤 ip ¼Æ¦r¬O¥H¤Ï¦V¶¶§Ç®Ñ¼gªº¡D ¦pªG§A¦³¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹ªº¦ì§}: 192.128.52.43 ¨º»ò named ·|¥HÃþ¦ü prep.ai.mit.edu ³oÓ½d¨Òªº¤è¦¡¨Ó³B²z: §ä¥X arpa. ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A§ä¥X in-addr.arpa. ªº¦øªA¾¹¡AµM«á¦A§ä¥X 192.in-addr.arpa. ªº ¦øªA¾¹¡A §ä¥X 128.192.in-addr.arpa. ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A±µµÛ§ä¥X 52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A ³Ì«á¦A§ä¥X©Ò»Ý¤§ 43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ªº°O¿ý¡DÁo©ú¥G? (»¡¡¥¬Oªº¡¦)¡D ÀY¨â¦~³o¤Ï ¦Vªº¼Æ¦r¤]¤Þ°_¹L¤@¨Ç§xÂZ¡D ¨ä¹ê§Ú¬OÄF§Aªº¡DDNS ¨Ã«D§¹§¹¥þ¥þ¦a¹³§Ú§i¶D§Aªº³o¼Ë¹B§@¡D¦ý¬O³o¤w¸g°÷±µ ªñªº¤F¡D 4.2 §Ú̦ۤvªº»â°ì ²{¦b¨Ó©w¸q§Ú̦ۤvªº»â°ì¡D§Ú̱N·|³Ð³y¥X linux.bogus ³oÓ»â°ì¨Ã¥B©w¸q ¨ä¤¤ªº¾÷¾¹¡D §Ú¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó§¹¥þ¬OµêÀÀ¥X¨Óªº»â°ì¦WºÙ¥H«K½T©w§Ṳ́£·|ÂZ¶Ã¨ì ºô¸ô¤Wªº¨ä¥¦¦a¤è¡D §Ú̦´N¤w¸g¥H named.boot ¸Ìªº³o¤@¦æ¶}©l¤F³oÓ³¡¥÷ªº³]©w: _________________________________________________________________ primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa pz/127.0.0 _________________________________________________________________ ½Ðª`·N¦b³oÓÀɮ׸̪º»â°ì¦WºÙµ²§À¨Ã¨S¦³¥[¤W `.' ²Å¸¹¡D ²Ä¤@¦æ§â©w¸q 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ªºÀɮשR¦W¬° pz/127.0.0¡D §Ú̦¤w¸g«Ø¥ß¤F³oÓÀÉ ®×¡A¥¦¬O³o¼Ëªº: _________________________________________________________________ @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. 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NS ¬O¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¸ê·½°O¿ý¡A¥¦§i¶D DNS ¤°»ò¾÷¾¹¬O³oÓ»â°ì 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡A¤]´N¬O ns.linux.bogus. ¦Ó³Ì«áªº PTR °O¿ý»¡ 1 (µ¥©ó¬O 1.0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA, ¤]´N¬O 127.0.0.1)ªº¦WºÙ¬O localhost¡D SOA ³oÓ°O¿ý¬O©Ò¦³°Ï°ìÀɮתº§Ç¤å¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¨C¤@Ó°Ï°ìÀɮ׸̳£À³¸Ó¦³³o°ß¤@ ªº¤@Ó¡A³Ì¶}ÀYªº°O¿ý¡D ¥¦´yz¸Ó°Ï°ì¡A¥¦±q¦ó¦Ó¨Ó(¤@¥xºÙ¬° linux.bogus ªº¾÷¾¹)¡A½Öt³d¨ä¤º®e(hostmaster@linux.bogus)¡A ³oÓ°Ï°ìÀɮ׬O¤°»òª© ¥»(serial: 1)¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦¥²¶·°µªº¡A¦³Ãö¼È¦s»P¦¸n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº¨Æ¡D ³Ñ¤Uªº Äæ¦ì¦p refresh, retry, expire ¥H¤Î minimum §A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î³o¥÷¤å¥ó¸Ì©Ò¥Îªº ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¥BÀ³¸Ó¤£·|¥X°ÝÃD¡D ²{¦b«·s°_©l§Aªº named(¨Ï¥Î ndc restart «ü¥O)¨Ã¨Ï¥Î nslookup ¨ÓÀËÅç§Ú Ì°µ¤F¤°»ò: $ nslookup Default Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 > 127.0.0.1 Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 Name: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 ©Ò¥H¥¦ºÞ²z±q 127.0.0.1 ±o¨ì localhost ªº¹Lµ{¡A«Ü¦n¡D ²{¦b¶}©l§Ú̪º¥D n¥ô°È¡Alinux.bogus ³oÓ»â°ì¡A ¦b named.boot ¸Ì ´¡¤J·sªº¤@¦æ primary «ü¥O: _________________________________________________________________ primary linux.bogus pz/linux.bogus _________________________________________________________________ ª`·N¡A¦b named.boot Àɮ׸̻â°ì¦WºÙªºµ²§ÀÁÙ¬O¨S¦³ '.' ²Å¸¹¡D ¦b³oÓ linux.bogus °Ï°ìÀɮ׸̧Ú̱N·|©ñ¤J¤@¨Ç§¹¥þµêÀÀªº¸ê®Æ: _________________________________________________________________ ; ; Zone file for linux.bogus ; ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain ; @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199511301 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 28800 ; refresh, seconds 7200 ; retry, seconds 3600000 ; expire, seconds 86400 ) ; minimum, seconds NS ns.linux.bogus. NS ns.friend.bogus. MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger localhost A 127.0.0.1 ns A 127.0.0.2 mail A 127.0.0.4 _________________________________________________________________ Ãö©ó SOA °O¿ý¦³¨â¥ó¨Æ»Ýnª`·N¡Dº¥ý ns.linux.bogus ¥²¶· ¬O¤@¥x¨ã¦³ A °O¿ýªº¯u¥¿¾÷¾¹¡D ¦b SOA °O¿ý¤¤¥Î CNAME °O¿ý¬°¦WºÙªº¾÷¾¹¬O¤£¦Xªkªº¡D¥¦ ªº¦W¦r¤£¤@©wn¬O ns¡A¥¦¥i¥H¬O¥ô¦ó¦Xªkªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡D ¦A¨Ó ¡Ahostmaster.linux.bogus À³¸Ó³Qµø¬° hostmaster@linux.bogus¡A³oÀ³¸Ó¬O¤@ Ó¶l¥ó¦ì§}©Î§O¦W¡A ¬OºûÅ@³oÓ DNS ªº¤H¸g±`Ū«Hªº¦ì§}¡D¥ô¦óÃö©ó¦¹»â°ìªº «H¥ó·|³Q°e¨ì³oÓ¦ì§}¡D ¥¦ªº¦W¦r¤£¤@©wn¬O hostmaster¡A¥¦¥i¥H¬O¥ô¦ó¦Xªk ªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦ì§}¡AµM¦Ó³oÓ¦ì§} `hostmaster' À³¸Ó¯à¤u§@¥¿±`¡D ¦b³oÓÀɮ׸̦³¤@ºØ·sªº¸ê·½°O¿ý«¬ºA¡A§Y MX «¬ºA¡A©Î¬O¶l¥ó¥æ´«ªÌ¸ê·½°O ¿ý(Mail eXchanger RR)¡D ³oºØ¸ê·½°O¿ý«¬ºA§i¶D¶l»¼¨t²Î¦a§} someone@linux.bogus ªº¶l¥ón±H°e¨ìþ¸Ì¡A ´«¥y¸Ü»¡¤]´N¬OÀ³¸Ó±H°e¨ì mail.linux.bogus ©Î¬O mail.friend.bogus¡D ¦b¨CÓ¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ«e±ªº¼Æ¦r¬O MX ¸ê·½°O¿ýªºÀu¥ýÅv¡A¼Æ¦r¤ñ¸û§C (10) ªº¸ê·½°O¿ý¬O¶l¥ó¥DnÀ³¸Ó±H©¹ªº¾÷ ¾¹¡D ¦pªG¥¢±Ñ¥i¥H§â¥¦±H©¹¼Æ¦r¤ñ¸û°ªªº¾÷¾¹¡A¤@¥x¦¸nªº¶l¥ó³B²zªÌ¡A¤]´N ¬O¦b³o¸Ì¨ã¦³Àu¥ýÅv 20 ªº mail.friend.bogus¡D ¥Î ndc restart «·s°_©l named¡D¥H nslookup ÀËÅçµ²ªG: $ nslookup > set q=any > linux.bogus Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 linux.bogus origin = linux.bogus mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus serial = 199511301 refresh = 28800 (8 hours) retry = 7200 (2 hours) expire = 604800 (7 days) minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day) linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus linux.bogus preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus ns.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.2 mail.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.4 ¤p¤ß¦aÀËÅç§A±N·|µo²{¤@Ó¿ù»~¡D³o¤@¦æ linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogu s ¥þ³£¿ù¤F¡D¥¦À³¸Ó¬O linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus §Ú¬G·N¥Ç¤FÓ¿ù»~©Ò¥H§A¥i¥HÂǦ¹¾Ç²ß:-) ¥J²Ó¬Ý¬Ý¸Ó°Ï°ìÀɮקÚÌ·|µo²{³o¤@ ¦æ @ MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger ¿òº|¤F¤@Ó¥yÂI¡D©Î¬O»¡¦h¤FÓ `linux.bogus'¡D ¦b°Ï°ìÀɮ׸̦pªG¤@Ó¾÷¾¹ ¦WºÙ¤£¬O¥H¥yÂIµ²§À¨º»ò·|¦b¨äµ²§À¥[¤J°òÂI¡D©Ò¥H¤£½×¬O _________________________________________________________________ @ MX 10 mail.linux.bogus. ; Primary Mail Exchanger _________________________________________________________________ ©Î¬O _________________________________________________________________ @ MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger _________________________________________________________________ ³£¬O¥¿½Tªº¡D§Ú¤ñ¸û³ßÅw«á±³oºØ§Î¦¡¡A¥¦»Ýnªº¥´¦r¤ñ¸û¤Ö¡D ¦b¤@Ó°Ï°ìÀÉ ®×¸Ì»â°ì¦WºÙÀ³¸Ón¤£´N¬O¼g¥X¨Ó¨Ã¥H `.' µ²§À©ÎªÌ´N¬O¤@ÂI³£¤£n¥]§t¶i¥h ¡A ¦Ó¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¨ä»â°ì¹w³]¬°°òÂI¡D¨ä¥¦¤H¤]³\³ßÅw±Ä¥Î¥t¤@ºØ¤è¦¡¡D §Ú¥²¶·±j½Õªº¬O¦b named.boot Àɮ׸̻â°ì¦WºÙ«á±¤£À³¸Ó¦³ `.' ªº¦s¦b¡D §A ¤£ª¾¹D¦³¦h¤Ö¦¸¦]¬°¦h¤F©Î¤Ö¤F¤@Ó `.' ¦Ó·d¯{¤F¨Ã¥B¹ï³\¦h¤H³y¦¨§xÂZ¡D ©Ò¥H¦b¥[¤J§Ú±j½Õªº«ÂI«á±o¨ì¤@¥÷·sªº°Ï°ìÀɮסA¨ä¤¤ÁÙ¥]§t¤@¨ÇÃB¥~ªº¸ê °T: _________________________________________________________________ ; ; Zone file for linux.bogus ; ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain ; @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199511301 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 28800 ; refresh, seconds 7200 ; retry, seconds 604800 ; expire, seconds 86400 ) ; minimum, seconds NS ns ; Inet Address of name server NS ns.friend.bogus. MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger localhost A 127.0.0.1 ns A 127.0.0.2 mail A 127.0.0.4 ; ; Extras ; @ TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants" ns MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "Pentium" "Linux 1.2" TXT "RMS" richard CNAME ns www CNAME ns donald A 127.0.0.3 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "i486" "Linux 1.2" TXT "DEK" mail MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9" ftp A 127.0.0.5 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "P6" "Linux 1.3.59" _________________________________________________________________ §A¤]³\·|·Qn²¾°Ê«e±¤TÓ A °O¿ý¥H«KÅý¥¦Ì¾aªñ¨ä¥¦ªº¬ÛÃö°O¿ý¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹³ ³o¼Ë©ñ¦b³Ì«eºÝ¡D ³o¸Ì¦³´XÓ·sªº¸ê·½°O¿ý: ¥D¾÷¸ê°T(HINFO: Host INFOrmation) ¥]¬A¨âÓ³¡¥÷ ¡A ¨Ï¥Î¤Þ¸¹²[¬A¨CÓ³¡¥÷¬OÓ¦n²ßºD¡D²Ä¤@Ó³¡¥÷¬O¾÷¾¹¤WªºµwÅé©Î¬O¤¤¥¡³B ²z³æ¤¸¡A ¦Ó²Ä¤GÓ³¡¥÷¬O¾÷¾¹¤Wªº³nÅé©Î¬O§@·~¨t²Î¡Dns ¦³¤@Áû Pentium CPU ¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ Linux 1.2 ¨t²Î¡D TXT °O¿ý¬OÓÀH·Nªº¤å¦r°O¿ý¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó°O¿ý ¥ô¦ó¨Æ±¡¡D ¥¿¦¡¦WºÙ(CNAME: Canonical NAME)¥i¥H¥Î¨Óµ¹¨C¥x¾÷¾¹¼ÆÓ¦WºÙ¡D ©Ò¥H richard ¥H¤Î www ³£¬O ns ªº¤@Ó§O¦W¡D «Ü«nªº¤@ÂI¬O A, MX, CNAME, ¥H¤Î SOA °O¿ý¥Ã»·¤£¸Ó°Ñ·Ó CNAME °O¿ý³]©wªº§O¦W¡A ¥¦Ì¥uÀ³¸Ó°Ñ·Ó A °O¿ý©Ò³]©wªº¦WºÙ¡A©Ò¥H¹³³o¼Ëªº°O¿ý¬O¿ùªº _________________________________________________________________ foobar CNAME richard ; NO! _________________________________________________________________ ¤£¹L³o¼Ë¬O¹ïªº _________________________________________________________________ foobar CNAME ns ; Yes! _________________________________________________________________ ÁÙ¦³¤@ÂI¤]«Ü«nªº¬Oª`·N¥¿¦¡¦WºÙ©Ò³]©wªº¹ï¹q¤l¶l»¼¦ì§}¦Ó¨¥¤£¬O¦Xªk¥D¾÷ ¦WºÙ: webmaster@www.linux.bogus ¥H¤W±ªº³]©w¦Ó¨¥¬O¤@Ó¤£¦Xªkªº¹q¤l¶l»¼ ¦ì§}¡D §Y¨Ï¥¦¦b§Aªº¨t²Î¤W¥i¥H¹B§@¡A¥i¥H¹w®Æªº¬O«Ü¤Ö¦³¹q¤l¶l¥óºÞ²zªÌ·| ¥h¹ê¦æ³o¶µ³W«h¡D ÁקK³oÓ°ÝÃDªº¤èªk¬O¨Ï¥Î A °O¿ý(©ÎªÌ¤]¥i¯à¬O¤@¨Ç¨ä¥¦ ªº¡A¹³¬O MX °O¿ý)¨Ó¨ú¥N¤§: _________________________________________________________________ www A 127.0.0.2 _________________________________________________________________ Paul Vixie, ¥Dnªº named ±M®a¡A«Øij¤£n¨Ï¥Î CNAME ³oÓ³]©w¡D ©Ò¥HÀ³¸Ó ¦Ò¼{¤£n«Ü»{¯u¦a¥h¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡D ÂǥѰõ¦æ ndc reload ¸ü¤J·sªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A³o·|¨Ï named ¦A¤@¦¸Åª¨ú¨äÀɮסD $ nslookup Default Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 > ls -d linux.bogus ³o·N«üÀ³¸Ó¦C¥X©Ò¦³ªº°O¿ý [localhost] linux.bogus. SOA ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1 99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400) linux.bogus. NS ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus. NS ns.friend.bogus linux.bogus. MX 10 mail.linux.bogus linux.bogus. MX 20 mail.friend.bogus linux.bogus. TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants" localhost A 127.0.0.1 mail A 127.0.0.4 mail MX 10 mail.linux.bogus mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus mail HINFO 386sx Linux 1.0.9 donald A 127.0.0.3 donald MX 10 mail.linux.bogus donald MX 20 mail.friend.bogus donald HINFO i486 Linux 1.2 donald TXT "DEK" www CNAME ns.linux.bogus richard CNAME ns.linux.bogus ftp A 127.0.0.5 ftp MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ftp MX 20 mail.friend.bogus ftp HINFO P6 Linux 1.3.59 ns A 127.0.0.2 ns MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ns MX 20 mail.friend.bogus ns HINFO Pentium Linux 1.2 ns TXT "RMS" linux.bogus. SOA ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1 99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400) «Ü¦n¡DÅý§ÚÌÀˬd¥¦¹ï©ó³æ¿Wªº www ·|»¡¤°»ò: > set q=any > www.linux.bogus. Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus ...´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡Awww.linux.bogus ¯u¥¿ªº¦WºÙ¬O ns.linux.bogus¡D linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus ns.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.2 ¦Ó ns.linux.bogus ¾Ö¦³ 127.0.0.2 ³oÓ¦ì§}¡D¬Ý°_¨Ó¤]«Ü¦n¡D 4.3 Ä~Äò²`¤J ·íµM¡A³oÓ»â°ì¬O°ª«×µêÀÀªº¡A¸Ì±©Ò¦³ªº¦ì§}¤]³£¬O¡A¦Ó³o©Î³\·|Åý§A¦³¨Ç²V ²c¡D ¯u¹ê»â°ìªº¤@Ó¯u¹ê¨Ò¤l½Ð¨£¤U¤@¸`¡D 5. ¯u¹ê»â°ìªº¨Ò¤l ³o¸Ì§Ú̦C¥X¤@¨Ç¯u¥¿ªº°Ï°ìÀÉ®× ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ«Øij§Ú¥[¤W¤@Ó¥i¥H¹B§@ªº¯u¹ê¨Ò¤l¡A¦]¬°§Ú¹ï¯u¥¿¥i¹B§@ªº»â°ì¤ÎµêÀÀ ½d¨Ò¤§¶¡®t§O¸ÑÄÀªº¤£°÷²M·¡¡D Ãö©ó³oÓ¨Ò¤l¦³¥ó¨Æ¥²¶·Án©ú: ¤d¸U¤£n§â¥¦©ñ¨ì§Aªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¤W! §â¥¦·í§@ °Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¨Ó¾\Ū´N¦n¡D¦pªG§A·Q°µ¹êÅç¡A¥Î¤W±µêÀÀªº¨Ò¤l¡D §Ú¸g¹L LAND-5 ªº David Bullock ªº¦P·N¤~¨Ï¥Î³oÓ¨Ò¤l¡D³o¨ÇÀɮתº¤é´Á¬O 1996 ¦~¤E¤ë¤G ¤Q¤é¡A ¦]¦¹¦pªG§A²{¦b¬d¸ß LAND-5 ªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¥i¯à·|µo²{¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡D ÁÙ¦³ ¡A½Ð°O¦í¡A§R¥h«e±ªºªÅ¥Õ :-) 5.1 /etc/named.boot (©Î /var/named/named.boot) §Ú̵o²{»Ýn¨â¦æ primary ªº¤Ï¦V°Ï°ì: ¤@Ó¬O 127.0.0¡A¥t¤@Ó¬O LAND-5 ªº¤lºô¸ô 206.6.177¡D ÁÙ¦³¤@¦æµ¹ land-5.com ªº¥¿¦V°Ï°ì¡DÁÙ¦³¤@ÂInª`·N ªº¬O¤£¹³§Ú¦b³o½g¤å³¹¸Ì±NÀɮשñ¦b pz ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡A ¥L±N¥¦Ì©ñ¨ì¥s°µ zone ªº ¥Ø¿ý¡D _________________________________________________________________ ; Boot file for LAND-5 name server ; directory /var/named ; ; type domain source file or host cache . root.cache primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone/127.0.0 primary 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa zone/206.6.177 primary land-5.com zone/land-5.com _________________________________________________________________ 5.2 /var/named/root.cache °O¦í³oÓÀɮ׬O°ÊºAªº¡A³oÃä¦C¥X¨Óªº¬Oªº¡D§A³Ì¦n¦Û¤v¥Î dig ²£¥Í¤@Ó·s ªº¡D _________________________________________________________________ ; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>> ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch ;; got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6 ;; flags: qr rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 9, Auth: 0, Addit: 9 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; ., type = NS, class = IN ;; ANSWERS: . 518357 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS: H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.63.2.53 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 222766 A 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.203.230.10 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.36.148.17 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 299616 A 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.112.36.4 A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 198.41.0.4 ;; Total query time: 250 msec ;; FROM: land-5 to SERVER: default ---- 127.0.0.1 ;; WHEN: Fri Sep 20 10:11:22 1996 ;; MSG SIZE sent: 17 rcvd: 312 _________________________________________________________________ 5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0 ¤£¹L¬O°ò¥»ªº¡A¤£¯à¬Ù²¤ªº SOA °O¿ý¡A¥H¤Î±N 127.0.0.1 «ü¦V localhost ªº °O¿ý¡D ¨âªÌ³£¬O¥²¶·ªº¡D¤£À³¦³¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦è¦b¦¹Àɮפ¤¡D³oÓÀÉ®×¥i¯à¥Ã»·¤£ ¥²§ó·s¡A°£«D§Aªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹©ÎºÞ²z¤H¦a§}§ïÅÜ¡D _________________________________________________________________ @ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. ( 199609203 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 604800 ; Expire 86400) ; Minimum TTL NS land-5.com. 1 PTR localhost. _________________________________________________________________ 5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com ¦b³o¸Ì§Ú̬ݨì³oÓ¥²¶·ªº SOA °O¿ý¡A¥²nªº NS °O¿ý¡D §ÚÌ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥¦¦³¤@ Ó¦¸nªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹©ó ns2.psi.net¡D ³o¤]À³¸Ó¬O¥²nªº¡AÁ`¬O«O¦³¤@Ó¦¸n ªº¦øªA¾¹°µ¬°³Æ¥÷¡D §ÚÌÁ٬ݨ찵¬° LAND-5 t³d©Ò¦³¤£¦PªA°Èªº¥D¾÷¡A¥¦¥H ³\¦hªº CNAME °O¿ý°µ¨ì³oÂI (¥t¤@Ó°µªk¬O¥Î A °O¿ý)¡D ´N¹³§A±q SOA °O¿ý¬Ý¨ìªº¤@¼Ë¡A°Ï°ìÀÉ®×¥H land-5.com ¶}©l¡AºÞ²z¤H¬O root@land-5.com¡D §Ç¸¹(serial)¥H yyyymmdd ªº®æ¦¡¥[¤W·í¤Ñªº¸¹½X; ¥¦¥i¯à ¬O 1996 ¦~¤E¤ë¤G¤Q¸¹¨º¤Ñªº²Ä¤»Óª©¥»ªº°Ï°ìÀɮסD ½Ð°O¦í§Ç¸¹¥²¶·³æ½Õ¦a »¼¼W¡A³o¸Ì¥¦¥u¥Î¤@¦ì¼Æ¦rªí¥Ü·í¤Ñªº¸¹½X¡A ¦]¦¹¦b½s¿è¤E¦¸¤§«á¥L¥²¶·µ¥¨ì ©ú¤Ñ¤~¯à¦A½s¿è³oÓÀɮסD[Ķµù] ¦]¦¹À³¸Ó¦Ò¼{¥Î¨â¦ì¼Æ¦r¡D [Ķµù] ŪªÌ¥i¯à·|©_©Ç¬°¤°»ò¤£¯à¥Î 1996092010 ? ³oӼƦr¤]¬O»¼¼Wªº¡A©Ò ¥H·íµM¥i¥H¡D ¦ý¨ì¤F©ú¤Ñ²Ä¤@¦¸½sÀɮ׮ɸӥΤ°»ò©O? ¦pªG¥Î 199609211¡A¨º»ò³oӼƦr´N¤ñ 1996092010 n¤p¤F¡D ³o¼Ë·|¦³³Â·Ð¡D ¦]¦¹§@ªÌ«ØijÀ³¥Î¨â¦ì¼Æ¦r¡A¦p 1996092006¡D _________________________________________________________________ @ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. ( 199609206 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 10800 ; refresh, seconds 7200 ; retry, seconds 10800 ; expire, seconds 86400 ) ; minimum, seconds NS land-5.com. NS ns2.psi.net. MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Exchanger localhost A 127.0.0.1 router A 206.6.177.1 land-5.com. A 206.6.177.2 ns CNAME land-5.com. ftp CNAME land-5.com. www CNAME land-5.com. mail CNAME land-5.com. news CNAME land-5.com. funn A 206.6.177.3 illusions CNAME funn.land-5.com. @ TXT "LAND-5 Corporation" ; ; Workstations ; ws_177200 A 206.6.177.200 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177201 A 206.6.177.201 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177202 A 206.6.177.202 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177203 A 206.6.177.203 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177204 A 206.6.177.204 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177205 A 206.6.177.205 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP} ws_177250 A 206.6.177.250 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177251 A 206.6.177.251 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177252 A 206.6.177.252 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177253 A 206.6.177.253 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177254 A 206.6.177.254 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host _________________________________________________________________ ¥t¤@¥óȱoª`·Nªº¨Æ©Ò¦³ªº¤u§@¯¸³£¨S¦³Ó§Oªº¦WºÙ¡A¦Ó¬O¥Î¤@¶}ÀY¥[¤W³Ì«á¨â ¦ìªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡D ¥Î³o¼ËªººD¨Ò¥i¥H¤j¶q¦a²¤ÆºûÅ@¤u§@¡A¦ý¥i¯à¦³ÂI¤£¤è«K¡A ¦Ó¥B¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¥i¯à¬O§Aªº«È¤á¤£º¡ªº¨Ó·½¡D 5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177 §Ú±N¦b«á±»¡©ú³oÓÀɮסD _________________________________________________________________ @ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. ( 199609206 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 604800 ; Expire 86400) ; Minimum TTL NS land-5.com. NS ns2.psi.net. ; ; Servers ; 1 PTR router.land-5.com. 2 PTR land-5.com. 3 PTR funn.land-5.com. ; ; Workstations ; 200 PTR ws_177200.land-5.com. 201 PTR ws_177201.land-5.com. 202 PTR ws_177202.land-5.com. 203 PTR ws_177203.land-5.com. 204 PTR ws_177204.land-5.com. 205 PTR ws_177205.land-5.com. ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP} 250 PTR ws_177250.land-5.com. 251 PTR ws_177251.land-5.com. 252 PTR ws_177252.land-5.com. 253 PTR ws_177253.land-5.com. 254 PTR ws_177254.land-5.com. _________________________________________________________________ ¤Ï¦V°Ï°ì¦ü¥G¬O¾ãÓ³]©w¤¤³ÌÅý¤HÀYµhªº³¡¥÷¡D¥¦¬O¦b§A¦³¾÷¾¹ªº IP ¼Æ¦r®É¬d ¸ß¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¥Îªº¡D ¨Ò¦p: §A¦³¤@³¡ irc ¦øªA¾¹±µ¨ü irc «È¤áºÝªº³s½u¡D ¦ý§A ¬O®¿«Âªº¦øªA¾¹¦]¦¹§A¥u§Æ±æ±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û®¿«Â¤Î¨ä¥¦´µ³ô¦a¨ººû¨È°ê®aªº³s½u¡D ·í§A±µ¨ì¨Ó¦Û«È¤áºÝªº³s½u®É C µ{¦¡®w¯à°÷§i¶D§A³s½u¾÷¾¹ªº IP ¦ì§}¡A¦]¬° «È¤áºÝªº IP ¼Æ¦r¬O¥]§t¦b¶Ç¤Jªººô¸ô«Ê¥]¤¤ªº¡D µM«á§A¥i¥H©I¥s¤@¨ç¦¡ gethostbyaddr ¥Hµ¹©wªº IP ¬d¸ß¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡D gethostbyaddr ¨ç¦¡·|¦V DNS ¸ß °Ý¡ADNS ´N·|¥X¥h¬d¸ß³o¥x¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡D °²³]«È¤áºÝ¨Ó¦Û ws_177200.land-5.com ¡AC µ{¦¡®w´£¨Ñµ¹ irc ¦øªA¾¹ªº IP ¬O 206.6.177.200¡D ¬°§ä¥X¾÷¾¹ªº¦WºÙ§Ú Ìn¬d¸ß 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa¡DDNS ¦øªA¾¹º¥ý§ä¨ìt³d arpa. ªº¦ø ªA¾¹¡D µM«á§ä¨ì in-addr.arpa. ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A¦A¨Ó¬O¤Ï¹L¨Óªº 206¡AµM«á¬O 6¡A ³Ì«á§ä¨ì¦b LAND-5 t³d 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa °Ï°ìªº¦øªA¾¹¡D ¥Ñ¦¹§ÚÌ ±o¨ì 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ªºµª®×¬O 'PTR ws_177200.land-5.com' °O ¿ý¡A ·N«ü¾Ö¦³ IP 206.6.177.200 ªº¦WºÙ¬O ws_177200.land-5.com¡D ¤£¹L´N ¹³¦b¸ÑÄÀ prep.ai.mit.edu ¦p¦ó¬d¸ß®É©Ò»¡¡A³o¹Lµ{µy·L¦³ÂI¤£¹ï¡D ¦^¨ì irc ¦øªA¾¹ªº¨Ò¤l¡Dirc ¦øªA¾¹¥u±µ¦A¨Ó¦Û´µ³ô¦a¨ººû¨È°ê®aªº³s½u¡A¤] ´N¬O¡A *.no, *.se, *.dk¡Dws_177200.land-5.com ³oÓ¦W¦rÅãµM¨Ã¤£²Å¦X¥ô¦ó ³o¨Ç¡D ¦]¦¹¦øªA¾¹·|©Úµ´³s½u¡D¦pªG¨S¦³¸g¥Ñ in-addr.arpa °Ï°ì¨ì 206.2.177.200 ªº¤Ï¦V¹ïÀ³¡A ¦øªA¾¹±NµLªk¬d¨ì¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¦Ó±N·|®³ 206.2.177.200 ¨Ó©M *.no, *.se ¤Î *.dk ¤ñ¸û¡A·íµM§ä¤£¨ì²Å¦Xªº¡D ¦³¨Ç¤H·|§i¶D§A¤Ï¦V¹ïÀ³¬d¸ß¥u¹ï¦øªA¾¹«n¡A©Î¬O¤@ÂI¤]¤£«n¡D ·íµM¤£¬O: ³\¦h ftp, news, irc ¬Æ¦Ü http ¦øªA¾¹±N¤£±µ¨üµLªk¬d¨ì¦WºÙªº¾÷¾¹³s½u¡D ¦]¦¹¨Æ¹ê¤W¾÷¾¹ªº¤Ï¦V¦WºÙ¹ïÀ³¬O¥²¶·ªº¡D 6. ºûÅ@¤u§@ ºû«ù¥¦ªº¹B§@¡D ºû«ù¥¦ÌªºÄ~Äò°õ¦æ¤§¥~¡A¹ï©ó named §AÁÙ¦³ÓºûÅ@ªº¥ô°È±on°µ¡D ¨º´N¬Oºû «ù root.cache Àɮתº§ó·s¡D³Ì²³æªº¤èªk¬O¨Ï¥Î dig µ{¦¡¡A º¥ý¤£¥[¥ô¦ó°Ñ ¼Æ°õ¦æ dig µ{¦¡¡A§A±N·|¨ú±o±q§A¦Û¤v¦øªA¾¹±o¨ìªº root.cache¡D µM«á¥H dig @rootserver . ns ¬d°Ý©Ò¦C¥Xªº®Ú¦øªA¾¹¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¡D §A±N·|ª`·N¨ì³o¥÷¿é ¥X¬Ý°_¨Ó«D±`¦a¹³¤@Ó root.cache ÀɮסA°£¤F¤@°ïÃB¥~ªº¼Æ¦r¥H¥~¡D³o¨Ç¼Æ¦r ¤£·|¦³¤°»ò§«Ãª¡D §â¥¦¦s©ñ¨ìÀɮ׸Ì(dig @e.root-servers.net . ns >root.cache.new)¨Ã¥B¥Î¥¦¨Ó¨ú¥N쥻ªº root.cache ÀɮסD ¨ú¥N¤Fì¥ýªºÀɮפ§«án°O±o«·s±Ò°Ê named µ{¦¡¡D Al Longyear ±Hµ¹§Ú³oÓ«ü¥O½Z¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¨Ó§ó·s named.cache¡A¬°¥¦¦w ¸ËÓ crontab ¶µ¥ØµM«á§Ñ¤F¥¦¡D ³oÓ«ü¥O½Z°²³]§Aªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¥i¥H¹B§@¦Ó¥B `hostmaster' ³oÓ¶l¥ó§O¦W¦³©w¸q¡D§AÀ³¸Ó×q¥¦¥H«K²Å¦X§Aªº³]©w¡D _________________________________________________________________ #!/bin/sh # # Update the nameserver cache information file once per month. # This is run automatically by a cron entry. # ( echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>" echo "From: system <root>" echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.boot file" echo export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin: cd /var/named dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.cache.new echo "The named.boot file has been updated to contain the following informatio n:" echo cat root.cache.new chown root.root root.cache.new chmod 444 root.cache.new rm -f root.cache.old mv root.cache root.cache.old mv root.cache.new root.cache ndc restart echo echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete. " echo "The previous root.cache file is now called /var/named/root.cache.old." ) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t exit 0 _________________________________________________________________ ¦³¨Ç¤H¥i¯à¥Î ftp ±q Internic ±o¨ì root.cache ÀɮסD ½Ð¤£n¥Î ftp ¨Ó§ó ·s root.cache¡A¤W±´£¨ìªº¤èªk§ó¬°«K§Q¡D 7. Bind version 8 Bind version 8 ¬O³Ì·sªº bind §Þ³N¡D§ÚÁÙ¨S¦³¹Á¸Õ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦ý David E. Smith < [14]dave@bureau42.ml.org> ¦³¡D¥L¼g¤F³o¤p¸`ªº¨ä¾l³¡¥÷¡D ¨S¦³¤Ó¦hªº¤£¦P¡D°£¤F¨Ï¥Î named.conf ¦Ó¤£¬O named.boot, ¨ä¾l³£¬Û¦P¡D ¦Ó ¥B bind 8 ¥]§t¤F¤@Ó perl «ü¥O½Z¨Ó±N®榡ªºÀÉ®×Âà´«¦¨·sªº¡D ¨Ò¦p¤@¥÷ ¼È¦s±M¥Î¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº named.boot (®榡): _________________________________________________________________ directory /var/named cache . root.hint primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA 127.0.0.zone primary localhost localhost.zone _________________________________________________________________ ¦b«ü¥O¦C¤U¡A©ó bind8/src/bin/named ¥Ø¿ý¤¤Áä¤J: _________________________________________________________________ named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf _________________________________________________________________ ³o·|²£¥Í named.conf: _________________________________________________________________ // generated by named-bootconf.pl options { directory "/var/named"; }; zone "." { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; }; zone "localhost" { type master; file "localhost.zone"; }; _________________________________________________________________ ¥¦±N named.boot ¤¤ªº¨C¼ËªF¦è³£Âà´«¹L¨Ó¡AµM¦Ó¥¦¨Ã¥¼¥[¤J©Ò¦³ bind 8 ©Ò¤¹ ³\ªº·s±j¤Æ¤Î°t¸m¿ï¶µ¡D ³o¸Ì¦³¥÷¸û§¹¾ãªº named.conf °µ¦P¼Ëªº¨Æ¡A¦ý¬O®Ä ²v§ó¦n¤@ÂI¡D _________________________________________________________________ // This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later). // It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf. // The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this // comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I // already had the zone files in /var/named. options { directory "/var/named"; check-names master warn; /* default. */ datasize 20M; }; zone "localhost" IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; check-names fail; allow-update { none; }; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; check-names fail; allow-update { none; }; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; _________________________________________________________________ bind8/src/bin/named/test ¸Ì¦³³oÓ½d¨Ò¡A¥H¤Î»â°ìÀɮתº«þ¨©¡A³\¦h¤H¥i¥H ª½±µ®³¨Óקï¨Ï¥Î¡D »â°ìÀɮפΠroot.hint (root.cache) §¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡A§ó·s¥¦Ìªº«ü¥O¤]¬O¡D 8. ¼·±µ³s½uªº¦Û°Ê³]©w ³o¤@¸`¸ÑÄÀ§Ú¦p¦ó³]©w¥H«KÅý¨CÓ¹Lµ{¦Û°Ê¤Æ¡D §Úªº¤èªk¥i¯à¤@ÂI³£¤£¾A¦X§A ¡A¦ý¬O§A¥i¯à±q§Ú©Ò§@ªº¤@¨Ç¨Æ±¡¸Ì±o¨ì¤@¨ÇÂI¤l¡D ¦P®É¡A§Ú¨Ï¥Î PPP ¼·±µ¡A µM¦Ó¦³³\¦h¤H¨Ï¥Î slip ©Î¬O cslip ³s½u¤è¦¡¡A ©Ò¥H§Aªº³]©w¸Ì´X¥G¨CÓ¦a¤è ³£¥i¯à¸ò§Úªº¤£¦P¡D ¦ý¬O slip ¨Ï¥Îªº dip µ{¦¡À³¸Ó¯à°÷§¹¦¨§Ú©Ò§@ªº³\¦h¨Æ ±¡¡D ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A·í§Ú¨S¦³³s¤Wºô¸ô®É§Úªº resolv.conf Àɮ׳æ¯Â¦a¥]§t³o¤@¦æ domain uio.no ³o½T«O§Ú¤£¥²µ¥«Ý¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¸ÑªR¨ç¦¡®w¥h¹Á¸ÕÁpô¬Y¥x¤£¥i¯àÀ°§U§Úªº¦WºÙ¦øªA ¾¹¡D ¦ý¬O·í§Ú³s¤W½uªº®ÉÔ§Ú·Qn°_©l§Úªº named ¨Ã¥B¾Ö¦³¤@Ӭݰ_¨Ó¹³«e± ©Ò´yzªº resolv.conf ÀɮסD §ÚÂǥѫO«ù¨â¥÷ resolv.conf ªº¡¥¼ËªO¡¦ÀÉ®× ¡Aresolv.conf.local ¥H¤Î resolv.conf.connected ¨Ó¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¡D «á±³o¤@Ó ¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³«e±©Ò´yz¹Lªº resolv.conf ÀɮסD n¦Û°Ê¤Æ³s½u¨ìºô¸ôªº¹Lµ{§Ú°õ¦æ¤@ÓºÙ¬° `ppp-on' ªº«ü¥O½Z: _________________________________________________________________ #!/bin/sh echo calling... pppd _________________________________________________________________ pppd ¦³ÓºÙ¬° options ªºÀɮסA¥¦§i¶D pppd ¦p¦ó¨ú±o³s½uªº¤@¨Ç¯S®í¨Æ¶µ¡D ¤@¥¹§Úªº ppp ³s½u§¹¦¨«á pppd °_©l¤@ÓºÙ¬° ip-up ªº«ü¥O(³o¦b pppd ªº½u ¤W¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¸Ì¦³´yz)¡D ³o¸Ì¬O¸Ó«ü¥O½Z¸Ì±ªº¤@³¡¥÷: _________________________________________________________________ #!/bin/sh interface="$1" device="$2" speed="$3" myip="$4" upip="$5" ... cp -v /etc/resolv.conf.connected /etc/resolv.conf ... /usr/sbin/named _________________________________________________________________ ´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A§Ú¦b³o¸Ì°_©l§Úªº named µ{¦¡¡D·í ppp Â÷½u®É pppd °õ¦æ¤@ÓºÙ¬° ip-down ªº«ü¥O½Z: _________________________________________________________________ #!/bin/sh cp /etc/resolv.conf.local /etc/resolv.conf read namedpid < /var/run/named.pid kill $namedpid _________________________________________________________________ ©Ò¥H³o¦b³s½u®É°t¸m¨Ã³]©w¬ÛÃö¨Æ©y¨Ã¥B¦bÂ÷½u®É¸Ñ°£¸Ó°t¸m¨Ãµ²§ô¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡¡D ¬Y¨Çµ{¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p§Ú·Q°_ irc »P talk¡A°µ¤F¹L¦hªº°²©w¡A¬°¤FÅý¨ä¤u§@¥¿±`§A¥² ¶·×§ï§Aªº hosts ÀɮסD §Ú¦b ip-up ¤W¥[¤J _________________________________________________________________ cp /etc/hosts.ppp /etc/hosts echo $myip roke >>/etc/hosts _________________________________________________________________ hosts.ppp ¬O²³æ¦a¥]§t¤F _________________________________________________________________ 127.0.0.1 localhost _________________________________________________________________ ¦Ó echo «ü¥O´¡¤J¤F§Ú¦¬¨ìªº IP ¸¹½X°µ¬°§Ú¾÷¾¹ªº¦WºÙ(roke)¡D §AÀ³¸Ó§ï¥Î §A¦Û¤v¾÷¾¹ªº¦WºÙ¡A¥i¥H¥Î hostname «ü¥O¬d¥X¡D ·í§A¨S¦³³s½u¨ìºô¸ô¤W®É°õ¦æ named ¥i¯à¨Ã¤£Áo©ú¡A ³o¬O¦]¬° named ±N·|¹Á ¸Õ°e¥X¬d¸ß¨ìºô¸ô¤W¦Ó¥B¨ä²×¤î®É(timeout)«Üªø¡A ¦Ó¨C¦¸¦³¬Y¨ÇÓµ{¦¡¹Á¸Õ ¸ÑªR¤@Ó¦WºÙªº®ÉÔ§A´N±oµ¥«Ý¨ì³oӲפî®É¡D ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î¼·±µªº¸Ü§AÀ³¸Ó ¦b³s¤Wºô®É°_©l named ¨Ã¥B¦bÂ÷½u®É±þ±¼¥¦¡D ¤£¹L½Ð°Ñ¦Ò [15]FAQ ¤@¸`ªº´£ ¥Ü¡D ¬Y¨Ç¤H³ßÅw¦bºC³tªº³s½u¤W¨Ï¥Î forwarders «ü¥O¡D ¦pªG§Aªººô»Úºô¸ô´£¨ÑªÌ ¦b 1.2.3.4 ¥H¤Î 1.2.3.5 ³]¦³ DNS ¦øªA¾¹¨º»ò§A¥i¥H´¡¤J³o»ò¤@¦æ _________________________________________________________________ forwarders 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5 _________________________________________________________________ ¨ì named.boot Àɮ׸̥h¡D ³o±N·|´î§C·½¦Û§A¥D¾÷ªº IP ¬y¶q¡A¥i¯àµy·L´£ª@ ³t«×¡D¦pªG§A¬O¨Ì½u¸ôªº¸ê®Æ¶q¥I¶Oªº¸Ü³oÂI¯S§O«n¡D ³oÁÙ¦³Óªþ¥[»ùÈ¡A Åý§A²æÂ÷§@¬°¤@ӼȦsªº named ºûÅ@ªÌ©ÒÀ³t°_ªº³d¥ô: §A¤£»Ýn¥h§ó·s¤@Ó ªÅªº root.cache ÀɮסD 9. ±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñµª ¥»¸`¤¤§Ú±N¦C¥X¤@¨ÇÃö©ó DNS ¥H¤Î¥»¤å¥ó³Ì±`³Q´£¥Xªº°ÝÃD¡DÁÙ¦³¸Ñµª :-) ¦b ¼g«Hµ¹§Ú«e½Ð¥ý¾\Ū¹L¥»¸`¡D 1. ¦p¦ó¦b¨¾¤õÀ𤧤º¨Ï¥Î DNS ? ¤@¨Ç´£¥Ü: `forwarders', `slave', ¥H¤Î°Ñ¦Ò¥»¤å¥ó³Ì«á±ªº¤åÄm¦Cªí¡D 2. ¦p¦ó§Q¥Î DNS ´£¨Ñªº¥i¥Î¦ì§}©ó¬Y¤@ªA°È¡A¦p www.busy.site¡A ¥HÀò±ot ²ü¥¿Å©ÎÃþ¦üªº®ÄªG? ¬° www.busy.site ¥[¤W³\¦h A °O¿ý¡A¦Ó¥B¨Ï¥Î bind 4.9.3 ©Î¥H«áªºª©¥» ¡D ³o¼Ë bind ·|¨Ï¥Î round-robin ºtºâªk§ä´Mµª®×¡D³o¤£¯à¦b§ó¦ª©¥»ªº bind ¤W¤u§@¡D 3. §Ú·Q¦b¤@«Ê³¬ªº Intranet ¤W¬[³] DNS¡D§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ? §â¼È¦sÀɮץᱼ¥u¯d°Ï°ìÀɮסD³o¤]ªí¥Ü§A±N¤£»Ýn§ó·s¼È¦sÀɮסD 4. §Úªº¨t²Î¨S¦³ ndc µ{¦¡¡D§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì? §Aªº¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¹L¤@ªº¡A¥i¯à¹L´Áªº bind µ{¦¡¡D ¦pªG¦w¥þ©Ê¹ï§A«Ü«n: ¥ß¨è±N bind ¤É¯Å¡D¦pªG¤£¬O¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¥Î³oªº¡D §A¥iª½±µ°õ¦æ named ¦Ó¤£¬O ndc start¡D ndc reload Åܦ¨ named.reload ¦Ó ndc restart ÅÜ ¦¨ named.restart¡D ©Ò¦³³o¨Çµ{¦¡¥i¯à³£¦b /usr/sbin ¸Ì¡D 5. ¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß¦¸n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹? ¦pªG¥Dn¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº¦a§}¬O 127.0.0.1¡A ¦b§Aªº¦¸n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº named.boot Àɮפ¤©ñ¤@¦æ: _____________________________________________________________ secondary linux.bogus 127.0.0.1 sz/linux.bogus _____________________________________________________________ 6. §Ú§Æ±æÂ÷½u®É bind ¤´Ä~Äò°õ¦æ¡D §Ú¦¬¨ì¨Ó¦Û Ian Clark < [16]ic@deakin.edu.au> ªº«H¥ó¸ÑÄÀ¥L¦p¦ó¿ì¨ì ³oÂI¡D I run named on my 'Masquerading' machine here. I have two root.cache files, one called root.cache.real which contains the real root server names and the other called root.cache.fake which contains... -------------- ; root.cache.fake ; this file contains no information -------------- When I go off line I copy the root.cache.fake file to root.cache and restart named. When I go online I copy root.cache.real to root.cache and restart named. This is done from ip-down & ip-up respectively. The first time I do a query off line on a domain name named doesn't have details for it puts an entry like this in messages.. Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN which I can live with. It certainly seems to work for me. I can use the nameserver for local machines while off the 'net without the timeout delay for external domain names and I while on the 'net queries for external domains work normally 7. ¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹±N¼È¦s¸ê®Æ«O¦s¦b¨º¨à? ¦³¥ô¦ó¤èªk¥i¥H±±¨î¥¦ªº¤j¤p¶Ü? ©Ò¦³ªº¼È¦s¸ê®Æ³£«O¦s¦b°O¾ÐÅ餤¡A¥ô¦ó®É¨è¥¦³£¤£·|³Q¼g¤JºÏºÐ¤¤¡D ¨C ¦¸§A±þ±¼ named ®É³o¨Ç¼È¦s¸ê®Æ´N¨S¦³¤F¡D¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¤èªk¥i¥H±±¨î¼È¦s¸ê ®Æ¡D named ¥Î¤@¨Ç²³æªºªk«h¨ÓºÞ²z¥¦¡D§A¤£¯à¥Î¥ô¦ó²z¥Ñ¥ô¦ó¤èªk±±¨î ¼È¦s¸ê®Æ©Î¨ä¤j¤p¡D ¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¦p¦¹§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¥h§ï named ªºµ{¦¡¡D¤£¹L ³Ì¦n§O³o»ò°µ¡D 8. ¦p¦ó¦b«·s°_©l named ¤§¶¡«O¦s¼È¦s¸ê®Æ? §Ú¥i¥H§â¥¦¦s¤U¨Ó¶Ü? ¤£! named ³Q±þ±¼®É¤£·|«O¯d¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¡D ³o´N¬O»¡¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¥²¶·¦b¨C¦¸§A ±þ±¼¨Ã«·s°_©l named «á«·s«Ø¥ß¡D ¨S¦³¿ìªkÅý named ±N¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¦s¨ì Àɮ׸̡D ¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¦p¦¹§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¥h§ï named ªºµ{¦¡¡D¤£¹L³Ì¦n§O³o»ò °µ¡D 10. ¦p¦ó¦¨¬°¤@Ó¤j«¬ªº DNS ºÞ²zªÌ ¤å¥ó¥H¤Î¤u¨ã ¦s¦b¯u¥¿ªº¤å¥ó¡D¦b½u¤Wªº©Î¬O¦L¦nªº¡Dn¸ó¥X¥Ñ¤p«¬ DNS ¨ì¤j«¬ DNS ºÞ²zªÌ ªº¤@¨B¾\Ū´X¥÷³o¨Ç¤å¥ó¬O¥²nªº¡D ¦L¦nªº¼Ð·Ç°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¬O DNS and BIND by C. Liu and P. Albitz from O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, ISBN 0-937175-82-X¡D §ÚŪ¹L¡A¥¦«Ü´Î¡D¦b¥t¤@¥» TCP/IP Network Administration, by Craig Hunt from O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X ¦³ ¤@¸`¬OÃö©ó DNS ªº¡D¥t¤@¥»¹ïºÞ²z DNS «Ü¦nªº(©ÎªÌ¬O¹ï¥ô¦ó³o¤@Ãþ¤u§@³£«Ü ¦n)®Ñ«h¬O Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, §@ªÌ Robert M. Prisig ®Ñ¸¹ ISBN 0688052304¡D ½u¤Wªº¸ê®Æ§A¥i¥H¦b³o¸Ì§ä¨ì [17]http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/, [18] http://www.isc.org/bind.html; ±`¨£°ÝÃD¶°¡A°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U(BOG; Bind Operations Guide)¬O¨ó©wªº©w¸q¥H¤Î DNS ¬ã¨sªº¤åÄm¡D ³o¨Ç¤å¥ó§Ú¤j³¡¤À¨S ¦³¾\Ū¹L¡A¦ý¬O¦]¦¹§Ú¤£¬OÓ¤j«¬ DNS ºÞ²zªÌ¡D ¥t¤@¤è± Arnt Gulbrandsen ¤w¸gŪ¹L BOG ¦Ó¥B¹ï¦¹«Ü¼ô¸Z :-)¡D ºô¸ô·s»D°Q½×¸s [19] comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains ¬O¦³Ãö DNS ªº°Q½×¸s¡D ¦¹¥~ÁÙ¦³¦n´X¥÷Ãö©ó DNS ªº RFCs¡A³Ì«nªº¥i¯à¬O³o¨Ç: RFC 2052 A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV), October 1996 RFC 1918 Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear, Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996. RFC 1912 D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors, 02/28/1996. RFC 1713 A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994. RFC 1712 C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding of Geographical Location, 11/01/1994. RFC 1183 R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR Definitions, 10/08/1990. RFC 1035 P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and specification, 11/01/1987. RFC 1034 P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities, 11/01/1987. RFC 1033 M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987. RFC 1032 M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987. RFC 974 C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986. References 1. mailto:janl@math.uio.no 2. http://ultima.ncnu.edu.tw/~asdchen/ 3. http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/ 4. mailto:janl@ifi.uio.no 5. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda 6. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda 7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#bigger 8. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/PPP-HOWTO.html 9. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda 10. ftp://ftp.vix.com/pub/bind/ 11. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#maint 12. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda 13. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#auto 14. mailto:dave@bureau42.ml.org 15. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20633/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda 16. mailto:ic@deakin.edu.au 17. http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/ 18. http://www.isc.org/bind.html 19. news:comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains