Linux Information Sheet ¤¤Ä¶ª©
                                       
§@ªÌ: Michael K. Johnson [1]johnsonm@redhat.com
ĶªÌ: [2]¶À§Ó°¶ [3]cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw

   v4.14, 1 September 1998 ½Ķ¤é´Á: 30 September 1998
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ¥»¤å¥ó´£¨Ñ Linux §@·~¨t²Îªº°ò¥»¸ê°T¡A¥]¬A¸ÑÄÀ¤°»ò¬O Linux¡A¯S©Ê¦Cªí¡A¤@
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1. Linux ªºÂ²¤¶

2. Linux ªº¯S©Ê

3. µwÅé»Ý¨D

     * 3.1 ³Ì¤p°t¸m
     * 3.2 ¥i¥Î°t¸m
     * 3.3 ¤ä´©ªºµwÅé
       
4. ²¾´Óµ{¦¡¤Î¨ä¥¦³nÅ骺¤£§¹¾ã¦Cªí

5. ½Ö¨Ï¥Î Linux?

6. ¨ú±o Linux

     * 6.1 °Î¦W FTP
     * 6.2 CDROM
     * 6.3 ¨ä¥¦¨ú±o Linux ªº¤èªk
       
7. Linux ªºªk«ßª¬ªp

8. Ãö©ó Linux ªº·s»D

9. ¥¼¨Ó®i±æ

10. ¥»¤å¥ó

11. ªk«ßÁn©ú
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. Linux ªºÂ²¤¶

   Linux ¬O POSIX ³W®æªº§¹¾ã­«·s¹ê§@¡A¦³µÛ SYSV ¤Î BSD ÂX¥R¡A(³oªí¥Ü¥¦¬Ý°_
   ¨Ó¤Î¹B§@¤W´N¹³ Unix¡A¦ý¤£¥]§t¬Û¦Pªº°ò¦­ì©lµ{¦¡½X)¡A¥i¥H­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤Î¤G
   ¶i¦ì°õ¦æÀɨâºØ§Î¦¡¨ú±o¡C ¥¦ªºª©ÅvÄÝ©ó Linus Torvalds <
   [4]torvalds@transmeta.com>¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº°^ÄmªÌ¡A¦b GNU General Public
   License (GPL) ¤U¥i¦Û¥Ñªº´²§G¡C GPL ªº¤@¥÷«þ¨©¥]§t¦b Linux ­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¸Ì
   ¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¦Û [5]ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/COPYING ¨ú±o¤@¥÷«þ¨©¡C
   
   Linux, ¥»½è¤W¨Ó»¡¡A¥u¬O§@·~¨t²Îªº®Ö¤ß¡A´N¬O±±¨îµwÅé¡AºÞ²zÀɮסA¦æµ{µ¥µ¥
   ¡C ¦³¼ÆºØ±N Linux ¤Î¤u¨ãµ{¦¡©MÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶°²Õ¦X¦¨ªº¤@­Ó§¹¾ã§@·~¨t²Î¡C¦p¦¹
   ªº²Õ¦X¥s°µ Linux ªº¤@­Ó µo¦æ®M¥ó(distribution). Linux ³o­Ó¦r¡AÁöµM´NÄY
   ®æªº·N¸q¨Ó»¡¬O«ü¨t²Îªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦ý³o¦r¤]¼sªx¦Ó¥¿½T¦a¥Î¨Ó«ü©ú§Q¥Î Linux ®Ö¤ß
   «Øºcªº¾ã­Ó§@·~¨t²Î¡C Ãö©ó¤£¦Pµo¦æ®M¥óªº¦Cªí¤Î²µu´y­z¥i¨£
   [6]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html. ¨S¦³¤@ºØ®M
   ¥ó¥i¥H¥s°µ¬O``¥¿¦¡ªº Linux''.
   
   Linux ¤£¬O¤½¯q³nÅé¡A¥¦¤]¤£¬O¦@¨É³nÅé(shareware)¡C ¥¦¬O`§K¶O'³nÅé¡A³q±`
   ¥s°µ freeware¡A©Î¬O¶}©ñ©Ê­ì©l½X(Open Source Software)[tm], °Ñ¨£
   [7]http://www.opensource.org), ¦Ó§A¥i¥H°e¤H©Î³c¶R«þ¨©¡A¦ý§A¥²¶·¥]§t­ì©l
   µ{¦¡½X¡A©Î¬OÅýµ{¦¡½X¥i¥Ñ§A°e¥X©Î³c¶R°õ¦æÀɬۦPªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o¡C ¦pªG§A´²§G¥ô
   ¦óªº­×§ï¡A§A¥²¶·´²§G³o¨Ç­×§ïªºµ{¦¡½X¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¨£ GNU General Public
   License¡C
   
   Linux ¦b 2.0 ª©¤´µM¬O§K¶Oªº¡A¦Ó¥B¤´·|¤@ª½¬O§K¶Oªº¡C¥Ñ©ó Linux ¿í´` GPL
   ªºÃö«Y¡AÅý¥¦Åܦ¨«D§K¶O¬O¤£¦Xªkªº¡C ¯S§Oª`·N: `§K¶O'ªº³¡¥÷¬O«ü¤£»Ý¥Îª÷¿ú
   ¨ÓÀò±o­ì©lµ{¦¡½X; ´²§G Linux ¦Ó¦¬¨ú¶O¥Î¬O§¹¥þ¦Xªkªº¡A§Y¨Ï§A³s¦P­ì©lµ{¦¡
   ¤@°_´²§G¡C ³o¬O¼s¸qªº±À½×; ¦pªG§A·Qª¾¹D²Ó¸`¡A½Ð¾\Ū GPL¡C
   
   Linux ¥i¦b¨ã ISA, EISA, PCI ¤Î VLB ¶×¬y±Æªº 386/486/Pentium ¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ
   ¡C MCA (IBM ±M§Qªº¶×¬y±Æ)¦b 2.0.x ¤Î§ó¦­ªºª©¥»¤WÁÙ¥¼§¹¥þ¤ä´©¡A¦ý¥Ø«eµo
   ®i¤¤ªº®Ö¤ß 2.1.x ¤w¸g¥[¤J¤ä´©¤F¡C ¦pªG§A¦³¿³½ì¡A½Ð¬Ý
   [8]http://glycerine.itsmm.uni.edu/mca¡C
   
   ¦³¤@­Ó²¾´Ó¨ì¦h­« Motorola 680x0 ¥­¥x(¥Ø«e¦b¤@¨Ç Amigas, Ataris, ¤Î VME
   ¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ)ªºª©¥»¡A¹B§@±o¬Û·í¨}¦n¡C ¥¦»Ý­n¨ã MMU ªº 68020, 68030,
   68040, ©Î¬O¤@ 68060, ¦Ó¥B¤]»Ý­n¤@­Ó FPU. ºô¸ô¤Î X µøµ¡¥Ø«e³£¥i¹B§@¡C½Ð
   ¨£ [9]news:comp.os.linux.m68k¡C
   
   Linux ¦b DEC's Alpha CPU ¤W°õ¦æ±o«Ü¦n¡A¥Ø«e¤ä´© "Jensen", "NoName",
   "Cabriolet", "Universal Desktop Box" (¥H Multia ¸ûª¾¦W)¡A¤Î³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªº¥­
   ¥x¡C ·Q¤F¸Ñ§ó¦h¸ê°T¡A°Ñ¨£
   [10]http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/FAQ.html¡C
   
   Linux ¤]¦b Sun SPARCs ¤W°õ¦æ±o«Ü¦n; ³\¦h sun4c, sun4m ¤Î sun4u ¾÷¾¹²{¦b
   °õ¦æ Linux¡A¦Ó sun4 ªº¤ä´©¥¿¦bµo®i¤¤¡C Red Hat Linux ¬O(¦b¥»¤å¼g§@®É)¬O
   °ß¤@¥i¦b SPARCs ¤W°õ¦æªº Linux ®M¥ó; °Ñ¨£
   [11]http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl-sparc/¡C
   
   Linux ¥¿³Q²¾´Ó¨ì PowerPC ¬[ºc¤W¡A¥]¬A PowerMac (Nubus ¤Î PCI),
   Motorola, IBM ¤Î Be ¾÷¾¹¡C °Ñ¨£ [12]http://www.cs.nmt.edu/~linuxppc/ ¥H
   ¤Î [13]http://www.linuxppc.org/¡C
   
   ²¾´Ó¨ì¨ä¥¦ªº¾÷¾¹¡A¥]¬A MIPS (°Ñ¨£ [14]http://linus.linux.sgi.com/ ¤Î
   [15]http://lena.fnet.fr/) ¤Î ARM, ¥¿¦b­pµe¤¤¦Ó¥B¤w¦³³\¦hªº¶i®i¡C §O´Á±æ
   ¤Ó°ª¡A¦ý¦pªG§A¦³¿³½ì¦Ó¥B·QºÉ¤@¥÷¤O¡A§A±N·|µo²{¨ä¥¦ªºµo®iªÌÄ@·N»P§A¦@¦P
   ¤u§@¡C
   
   Linux ¦Û 1994 ¦~¤T¤ë¤Q¥|¸¹µoªí²Ä¤@ª©¥H¨Ó¤w¤£¦A»{¬°¬O¦b beta ´ú¸Õ¶¥¬q¡C
   ¨t²Î¤¤¤´¦³¿ù»~¡A¦Ó¥B·sªº¿ù»~±N«ùÄò¥X²{¡A¨Ã¥BÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº¶i¦æ¦Ó³Q­×¥¿¡C ¦]
   ¬° Linux ¿í´`¤F``¶}©ñµo®i¼Ò«¬(open development model)''¡A©Ò¦³·sªºª©¥»³£
   ±N³Q¤½¶}µoªí¡A¤£½×¥¦­Ì¬O§_³Q»{¬°¨ã¦³``²£«~«~½è''¡C µM¦Ó¡A¬°¤FÀ°§U¤H­Ì¤À
   ¿ë¥L­Ì¬O§_¨ú±o¤@í©wªºª©¥»¡A¦p¤Uªº¤è®×³Q±Ä¥Î: ª©¥» n.x.y, ¨ä¤¤ x ¬O¤@°¸
   ¼Æ¡A¬Oí©wªºª©¥»¡A¦Ó¥B·í y ¼W¥[®É¥u¦³¿ù»~­×¥¿·|¥[¶i¥h¡C ¦]¦¹±q 1.2.2 ¨ì
   1.2.3, ¨ä¤¤¥u¦³¿ù»~­×¥¿¡A¦Ó¨S¦³·sªº¯S©Ê¡C ª©¥» n.x.y, ¨ä¤¤ x ¬O©_¼Æ¡A¬O
   µ¹µo®iªÌ beta ©Ê½èªºµoªí¡A¥i¯à¤£Ã­©w¦Ó¥B¥i¯à·í±¼¡AÁÙ¦³ÀH®É¥i¯à¦³·sªº¯S
   ©Ê¥[¤J¡C ÀHµÛ®É¶¡¶i®i¡A¥Ø«eµo®iªº®Ö¤ß³vº¥Ã­©w¡A¥¦±N³Q­áµ²¬°·sªº``í
   ©w''®Ö¤ß¡A¦Óµo®i±N·|¦b¤@·sª©¥»ªº®Ö¤ßÄ~Äò¤U¥h¡C ª`·N¤j³¡¥÷µoªí¥X¨Óªº
   Linux ®Ö¤ß¡A¤£½×¬O§_¬° beta ª©¥»¡A³£¬O¬Û·í±j©Tªº(robust); ``í
   ©w(stable)''¦b¥»¤å¤¤°£¤F``±j©T(robust)''¤§·N¥~¡AÁÙ¦³``§ïÅܱo«ÜºC''ªº·N
   «ä¡C
   
   ¥Ø«eí©wªº®Ö¤ß¬O 2.0.35 (·í·sªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤Î¿ù»~­×¥¿¥[¤J®É³o·|Ä~Äò§ïÅÜ)¡A
   ¦Ó¹êÅ窺 2.1.x ®Ö¤ß¤]¤w¸g¶}©lµo®i¡C Linux ®Ö¤ßªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤¤¤]¥]§t¤F¤@
   ­ÓÀÉ®×, Documentation/Changes, ¸ÑÄÀ§A¾ã¬Y¤@®Ö¤ß§ó·s¨ì¥t¤@®Ö¤ß®ÉÀ³ª`·Nªº
   §ïÅÜ¡C µM¦Ó¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº Linux ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥u¬O°¸º¸Â²³æ¦a¤É¯Å¥L­Ìªº®M¥ó´N¥i¥H±o
   ¨ì¤@·sª©¥»ªº®Ö¤ß¡C
   
   ¤j³¡¥÷ªº Linux ª©¥»¡A¤£½×¬O§_¬° beta ª©¡A³£¬Û·íªºÃ­©w¡A¦Ó¥B¦pªG¥¦¯à²Å¦X
   §Aªº»Ý­n§A¤´¥iÄ~Äò¨Ï¥Î¤U¥h¦Ó¤£¥²·P¨ìÃø¹L(? on the bleeding edge)¡C ¦³¤@
   ­Ó¯¸¥x°õ¦æ 0.97p1 (±q 1992 ¦~®L¤Ñ°_)¶W¹L 136 ¤Ñ¦Ó¨S¦³¤@¼Ë¿ù»~©Î·í±¼¡C(
   ¥¦ÁÙ¥i«ùÄò§ó¤[¦pªG¤£¬O¦]¬°§U²z¾Þ§@­û¾Þ§@¹q·½¥¢·í...) ¨ä¥¦¤HÁÙ³ø§i¹L¶W¹L
   ¤@¦~ªº¶}¾÷®É¶¡ªº¡C³Ìªñ¤@¶µ³ø§i¦³¤@­Ó¯¸¥x°õ¦æ Linux 0.99p15s ¶W¹L 600 ¤Ñ
   ªº¡C
   
   ¦³¤@¥ó­È±oª`·Nªº¨Æ¬O Linux ¬O¥H¶}©ñ¥B¤À´²¼Ò¦¡µo®iªº¡A¦Ó«D¹³³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªº³n
   Å骺«Ê³¬¥B¶°¤¤¼Ò¦¡¡C ³oªí¥Ü¥Ø«eµo®iªºª©¥»Á`¬O¤½¶}ªº(³Ì¦h¦³¤@¬P´Á¨ì¨â¬P
   ´Áªº©µ¿ð)¦]¦¹¥ô¦ó¤H¬Ò¥i¨Ï¥Î¡C ³oµ²ªG¬O¨C·í¤@¨ã¦³·s¥\¯àªºª©¥»µoªí®É¡A¥¦
   ´X¥GÁ`¬O¥]§t¦³¿ù»~ªº¡A¦ý¥¦¤]¾É­P¤@«D±`§Ö³tªºµo®i¦]¦Ó¿ù»~«Ü§Ö¦a³Qµo²{¥B
   ­×¥¿¡A³q±`¦b¼Æ¤p®É¤º¡A¦]¬°³\¦h¤J§V¤O¥h­×¥¿¥¦­Ì¡C
   
   ¬Û¹ï¦a¡A«Ê³¬¦Ó¶°¤¤ªº¼Ò¦¡·N«ü¥u¦³¤@­Ó¤H©Î¤@¹Î¶¤¬°¦¹­pµe¤u§@¡A¦Ó¥¦­Ì¥uµo
   ªí¥L­Ì»{¬°¹B§@±o«Ü¦nªº³nÅé¡C ³q±`³o·|¾É­P¸ûªøªºµo®i¶g´Á¡A¸ûªøµ¥«Ýªº¿ù»~
   ­×¥¿¡AÁÙ¦³¸ûºCªºµo®i¡C ¦p¦¹³nÅé³Ì«á¤½¶}µoªíªºª©¥»¦³®É·|¦³§ó¦nªº«~½è¡A¦ý
   µo®iªº³t«×¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¬OºC³\¦hªº¡C
   
   Ãö©ó³o¨âºØ¼Ò¦¡ªº°Q½×¡A½Ð¨£ Eric Raymond ªº ``±Ð°ó»P¥«¶°ªºµo®i¼Ò¦¡(The
   Cathedral and the Bazaar,
   [16]http://sagan.earthspace.net/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/)'' ¤@¤å
   ¡C
   
   ¦b 1998 ¤E¤ë¤@¸¹¬°¤î¡A¥Ø«e Linux ªºÃ­©wª©¥»¬O 2.0.35, ¦Ó³Ì·sµo®i¤¤ªºª©
   ¥»¬O 2.1.119.
   
2. Linux ªº¯S©Ê

     * ¦h¤u: ¼Æ­Óµ{¦¡¥i¦P®É°õ¦æ¡C
     * ¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ: ¼Æ¦ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¦P®É¦b¬Û¦P¾÷¾¹¤W(¦Ó¥B¨S¦³Âù¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±ÂÅv!)¡C
     * ¦h¥­¥x: ¥i¦b³\¦h¤£¦P CPUs ¤W°õ¦æ¡A¤£¥u¬O Intel.
     * ¦h³B²z¾¹: SMP ¤ä´©¦b Intel ¤Î SPARC ¥­¥x¤W¥i¥Î(¨ä¥¦¥­¥x¥¿µo®i¤¤)¡A
       ¦Ó¥B Linux ¤]¨Ï¥Î¦b¼Æ­Ó²¨µ²ªº(loosely-coupled) MP À³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¥]¬A
       Beowulf ¨t²Î¤W(¨£
       [17]http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux-web/beowulf/beowulf.html) ¤Î
       Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based ¶W¯Å¹q¸£¤W¡C
     * ¦h°õ¦æºü: ¤º«Ø®Ö¤ß¤ä´©¦b³æ¤@¦æµ{ªº°O¾ÐªÅ¶¡¤¤ªº¦h­Ó¿W¥ß°õ¦æºü¡C
     * ¦b 386 ¤W¥H«OÅ@¼Ò¦¡°õ¦æ¡C
     * ¨ã¦æµ{¶¡°O¾ÐÅé«OÅ@¡A¦]¦¹¤@­Óµ{¦¡¤£·|Åý¾ã­Ó¨t²Î·í±¼¡C
     * ¨Ì»Ý¨D¸ü¤J°õ¦æÀÉ: Linux ¥u±qºÏºÐ¾÷¤WŪ¤J¤@­Óµ{¦¡¯u¥¿»Ý­nªº³¡¥÷¡C
     * °õ¦æÀɪº¦@¨É¦¡¼g¤J®É«þ¨©(copy-on-write)¤À­¶¾÷¨î¡C³o´N¬O»¡¦h¦æµ{¥i¥H
       ¨Ï¥Î¬Û¦Pªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó°õ¦æ¡C ¦pªG¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¹Á¦¡¼g¤J¨º¶ô°O¾ÐÅé¡A¨º¤@
       ­¶(4KB ªº°O¾ÐÅé)·|³Q«þ¨©¨ì¨ä¥¦¦a¤è¥h¡C¼g¤J®É«þ¨©¦³¨â¶µ¦n³B: ¼W¥[³t
       «×¤Î­°§C°O¾ÐÅé¨Ï¥Î¶q¡C
     * µêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¨Ï¥Î¤À­¶¼g¤JºÏºÐ(¦Ó«D¾ã­Ó¦æµ{¥æ´«¦ÜºÏºÐ): ¦Ü¤@¿W¥ßªº¤À³Î
       °Ï©ÎÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº¤@­ÓÀɮסA©Î¨âªÌ¬Ò¥i¡A¦Ó¥B¦b°õ¦æ®É´Á¥i¥H¼W¥[¥æ´«
       °Ï(¬Oªº¡A¥¦­Ì¤´¥s°µ¥æ´«°Ï¡Aswapping areas)¡C Á`¦@¤Q¤»­Ó 128MB (³Ì·s
       ªº®Ö¤ß¤¤¬O 2GB)ªº¥æ´«°Ï¥i¥H¦P®É³Q¨Ï¥Î¡A²z½×¤W¥i¹F¦@ 2GB ªº¥i¥Î¥æ´«
       ªÅ¶¡¡C¦pªG»Ý­n¼W¥[ªº¸Ü¡A¥u­n§ï´X¦æµ{¦¡½X´N¦æ¡C
     * ¨Ï¥ÎªÌµ{¦¡¤ÎºÏºÐ§Ö¨ú¨Ï¥Î²Î¤@ªº°O¾ÐÅé¦À(memory pool)¡A¦]¦¹©Ò¦³¥¼¨Ï¥Î
       ªº°O¾ÐÅé¥i¥Î¨Ó·í°µ§Ö¨ú¤§¥Î¡A¦Ó§Ö¨ú¶q¦b°õ¦æ¤jµ{¦¡®É¥i¥H´î¤Ö¡C
     * °ÊºA³sµ²µ{¦¡®w(DLL's)¡A·íµM¡A¤]¦³ÀRºAµ{¦¡®w¡C
     * ¥i°µ core dumps ¥H¬°¨Æ«áªº¤ÀªR¡A¤£¶È¤¹³\¦b¤@µ{¦¡°õ¦æ®É¨Ï¥Î°»¿ù
       ¾¹(debugger)¡A¤]¥i¦b¥¦·í±¼¤§«á¡C
     * »P POSIX, System V, ¤Î BSD ¦b­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¼h¦¸¤W¤j³¡¥÷¬Û®e¡C
     * ¸g¥Ñ iBCS2-compliant ¼ÒÀÀ¼Ò²Õ¡A¯à»P SCO, SVR3, ¤Î SVR4 ¦b¤G¶i¦ì°õ¦æ
       ÀɤW¤j³¡¥÷¬Û®e¡C
     * ©Ò¦³ªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X³£¥i¨ú±o¡A¥]¬A¾ã­Ó®Ö¤ß¤Î©Ò¦³ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡Aµo®i¤u¨ã¤Î
       ©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌµ{¦¡; ÁÙ¦³¡A©Ò¦³³o¨Ç³£¥i¦Û¥Ñ¦a´²§G¡C ¤j¶qªº°Ó·~µ{¦¡¤]´£¨Ñ
       µ¹ Linux ¦Ó¨S¦³µ{¦¡½X¡A¦ý©Ò¦³¤w¸g¬O§K¶OªºªF¦è¡A¥]¬A¾ã­Ó°ò¥»ªº§@·~¨t
       ²Î¡A¤´µM¬O§K¶Oªº¡C
     * POSIX ¤u§@±±¨î¡C
     * pseudoterminals (pty's).
     * ®Ö¤ßªº 387 ¼ÒÀÀ¡A¦]¦¹µ{¦¡¤£»Ý­n¦Û¦æ°µ¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¡C¨C¤@³¡°õ¦æ
       Linux ªº¾÷¾¹¬Ý°_¨Ó³£¦³¼Æ¾Ç»²§U³B²z¾¹¡C ·íµM¡A¦pªG§Aªº¹q¸£¤w¸g¥]§t¤@
       ­Ó FPU, ¥¦·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¤£¥Î¼ÒÀÀªº¡A¦Ó§A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H½sĶ®Ö¤ß±N¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ
       ®³±¼¥H´î¤Ö°O¾ÐÅ骺¨Ï¥Î¡C
     * ¤ä´©³\¦h°ê»Ú©Î¦Û­qªºÁä½L¡A¦Ó¥B«Ü®e©ö°ÊºA¦a¥[¤J·sªº¡C
     * ¦h­«µêÀÀ¥D±±¥x: ¼Æ­Ó¸g¥Ñ¥D±±¥x¿W¥ßªºÃ±¤J(login)µ{§Ç¡A§A¥i¥H«ö¤U¼öÁä
       ¨Ó¤Á´«(»Pµø°TµwÅéµLÃö)¡C ³o¨Ç¥i¥H°ÊºA¦a¼W¥[; §A³Ì¦h¥i¥Î 64 ­Ó¡C
     * ¤ä´©¼ÆºØ´¶³qªºÀɮרt²Î¡A¥]¬A¤F minix, Xenix, ¤Î©Ò¦³´¶³qªº System V
       Àɮרt²Î¡A¦Ó¥B¦Û¤v¦³¤@­Ó¥ý¶iªºÀɮרt²Î¡A´£¨Ñ³Ì¦h¹F 4 TB ªºÀɮרt²Î
       ¡A¥H¤Î¦Ü¦h¥i¨ì 255 ­Ó¦r¤¸ªøªºÀɦW¡C
     * ¸g¥Ñ¤@¯S®íªºÀɮרt²Î¨ú¥Î MS-DOS ¤À³Î°Ï(©Î OS/2 FAT ¤À³Î°Ï)³z©ú¤Æ:
       §A¤£»Ý­n¥ô¦ó¯S§Oªº«ü¥O¨Ó¨Ï¥Î MS-DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡A¥¦¬Ý°_¨Ó´N¹³¬O¤@´¶³qªº
       Unix Àɮרt²Î(°£¤F¥i¯ºªºÀɦW­­¨î¡A¤ÎÅv­­µ¥µ¥)¡C MS-DOS 6 ªºÀ£ÁY¤À³Î
       °Ï¥Ø«e¨S¦³­×¸É(dmsdosfs)ªº±¡ªp¤UµLªk¨Ï¥Î¡CVFAT(WNT, Windows 95) ¤Î
       FAT-32 ¦b Linux 2.0 ¤w¶}©l¤ä´©¡C
     * ¯S®íªºÀɮרt²Î¥s UMSDOS ¥i¥HÅý Linux ¦w¸Ë¦b¤@ DOS ªºÀɮרt²Î¸Ì¡C
     * °ßŪªº HPFS-2 ¤ä´© for OS/2 2.1
     * HFS (Macintosh) Àɮרt²Î¤ä´©¥i¥H³æ¿Wªº¼Ò²Õ¨Ï¥Î¡C
     * CD-ROM Àɮרt²Î¥iŪ¨ú©Ò¦³¼Ð·Ç®æ¦¡ªº CD-ROMs.
     * TCP/IP ºô¸ô¡A¥]§t ftp, telnet, NFS, µ¥µ¥¡C
     * Appletalk ¦øªA¾¹
     * Netware «È¤áºÝ¤Î¦øªA¾¹
     * Lan Manager/Windows Native (SMB) «È¤áºÝ¤Î¦øªA¾¹
     * ³\¦hºô¸ô¨ó©w: ¦b³Ì·sµo®iªº®Ö¤ß¤¤¥]§tªº°ò¥»¨ó©w¦³ TCP, IPv4, IPv6,
       AX.25, X.25, IPX, DDP (Appletalk), Netrom, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C í©wªº®Ö¤ß¤¤
       ¥Ø«e¥]§tªºÃ­©wªººô¸ô¨ó©w¦³ TCP, IPv4, IPX, DDP, and AX.25.
       
3. µwÅé»Ý¨D

3.1 ³Ì¤p°t¸m

   ¤U­±¥i¯à¬OÅý Linux ¹B§@©Ò»Ý³Ì¤pªº°t¸m: 386SX/16, 1 MB RAM, 1.44 MB or
   1.2 MB floppy, ¥ô¦ó¤ä´©ªºÅã¥Ü¥d(·íµM¥[¤WÁä½L¡AÅã¥Ü¾¹µ¥)¡C ³o­ÓÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H
   Åý§A±Ò°Ê»P´ú¸Õ¥¦¬O§_¯à¦b¨º³¡¾÷¾¹¤W¹B§@¡A¦ý§AµLªk°µ¥ô¦ó¦³¥Îªº¨Æ±¡¡C
   Linux ªº³Ì¤p°t¸m¥i°Ñ¨£ [18]http://rsphy1.anu.edu.au/~gpg109/mem.html¡C
   
   ¬°¤F¯à°µ¤@¨Ç¨Æ±¡¡A§A·|·Q­n¤@¨ÇµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡A5 ¨ì 10 MB À³¸Ó¨¬°÷¤@³Ì¤pªº¦w
   ¸Ë(¥u¥]§t³Ì­«­nªº«ü¥O¤Î©Î³\¤@­Ó¨ì¨â­Ó¤pªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p¡A²×ºÝ¾÷µ{¦¡)¡C
   ³o¤´µM¬O«D±`¡A«D±`¨ü­­ªº¡A¦Ó¥B«D±`¤£µÎªAªº¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥¼¯d¤U¨¬°÷ªºªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ
   ¥ô¦ó¨Æ¡A°£«D§AªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¬Û·í¦³­­¡C ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¨Ã¤£«Øij¦p¦¹¡A°£¤F´ú¸Õ¥¦¬O§_
   ¯à¹B§@¡A¥H¤Î·íµM¥i¥H®³¨Ó¸Ø¤f»¡¥u»Ý­n³o»ò¤pªº¸ê·½¡C
   
3.2 ¥i¥Î°t¸m

   ¦pªG§A·Q®³¨Ó¶]»Ý¤j¶q­pºâªºµ{¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p gcc, X ¤Î TeX, §AÀ³¸Ó·|·Q­n¤@­Ó¤ñ
   386SX/16 §ó§Öªº³B²z¾¹¡A¦ý§Y¨Ï¬O 386SX/16 ¦pªG§A¦³­@¤ßªº¸Ü¥¦¤]À³¸Ó°÷¥Î¤F
   ¡C
   
   ¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¦pªG§A¤£¥Î X ªº¸Ü§A·|¦Ü¤Ö·Q­n 4 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦Ó­Y­n¶] X ªº¸Ü¦Ü
   ¤Ö­n 8 MB. ÁÙ¦³¡A¦pªG§A·Q¦P®É¦³¦n´X­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A©Î¦P®É°õ¦æ¦n´X­Ó¤j«¬µ{¦¡(
   ¨Ò¦p½sĶ)¡A§A¥i¯à·|·Q­n¶W¹L 4 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C ¥¦¦b§ó¤Öªº°O¾ÐÅé¤W¤´¥i¯à¹B
   §@¡A¦ý¥¦·|¨Ï¥ÎµêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé(¨Ï¥ÎµwºÐ§@¬°ºCªº°O¾ÐÅé)¦Ó¨º·|Åܱo¤ÓºC¦ÓÃø¥H¨Ï
   ¥Î¡C ¦pªG§A¦P®É¨Ï¥Î³\¦hµ{¦¡¡A16 MB ±N·|­°§C¤j¶qªººÏºÐ¥æ´«¡C¦pªG§A¤£·QÅý
   ¥æ´«¦b¥¿±`­t¸ü¤U¥i³Q¬dı¡A32 MB ¹ï¤@­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀ³·|¨¬°÷¤F¡C ¦pªG§A¤@¦¸°õ¦æ
   ¦h­Ó»Ý¨D°O¾ÐÅ骺À³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A64 MB ¥i¥HÁקK±¼¤j¶qªº¥æ´«¡C ·íµM¡A¦pªG§A°õ¦æ
   ®ø¯Ó¤j¶q°O¾ÐÅ骺À³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A§A¤]³\·|»Ý­n§ó¦h¡C
   
   §A»Ý­nªºµwºÐ®e¶qµø§A·Q­n¦w¸Ë¤°»ò³nÅé¦Ó©w¡C°ò¥»ªº Unix ¤u¨ã¡Ashells ¤Î¥¦
   ºÞ²zµ{¦¡À³¸Ó¤Ö©ó 10 MB, ÁÙ­n¦³¤@³¡¥÷ªºªÅ¶¡µ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀɮסC ¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªº¨t²Î
   ¡A¨ú¥Î Red Hat, Debian, ©Î¨ä¥¦ªº®M¥ó¡A§A¥i¯à·|»Ý­n 60 ¨ì 600 MB, ¬Ý§A¿ï
   ¾Ü¦w¸Ë¤°»ò¥H¤Î§A¨ú±o¤°»ò®M¥ó¦Ó©w¡C ¦A¥[¤W§A­n«O¯dµ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºªÅ¶¡¡C¦b¤µ¤é
   ªºµwºÐ»ù®æ¤U¡A¦pªG§A­n¶R¤@·sªº¨t²Î¡A¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¶R¤@­Ó¤Ó¤pªºµwºÐ¡C ¦Ü¤Ö¶R
   2 GB, ³Ì¦n 4 GB ©Î§ó¦hªº¡A¦Ó§A±N¤£·|«á®¬¡C Linux ¥i¥H´r§Ö¦a³B²z«D±`¤j®e
   ¶qªººÏºÐ¾÷¡A¨Ò¦p³Ìªñ¬y¦æªº 11 GB IDE µwºÐ©Î 18 GB ªº SCSI µwºÐ¡C
   
   ¥[¤W§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A§ó¦hªºµwºÐ¡A¤@­Ó§ó§Öªº³B²z¾¹¤Î¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦èµø§Aªº»Ý­n¦Ó
   ©w¡A§Æ±æ¤Î¹wºâ­n»·¶W¹L¶È¶È¥i¥Îªºµ{«×¡C ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¤@¶µ DOS »P Linux ¬Û·í
   ¤jªº®t²§¬O Linux ¼W¤j°O¾ÐÅé·|¦³«Ü¤jªº¤£¦P¡A¦Ó¦b DOS ¤W§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Ã¨S
   ¦³¤Ó¤jªº¤£¦P¡C ³o·íµM¬O¥Ñ©ó DOS ªº 640 KB ­­¨î¡A³o¦b Linux ¤W¬O§¹¥þ¤£¦s
   ¦bªº¡C
   
3.3 ¤ä´©ªºµwÅé

   CPU:
          ¥ô¦ó¥i°õ¦æ 386 «OÅ@¼Ò¦¡µ{¦¡ªºªF¦è¡C©Ò¦³«¬¸¹ªº 386s, 486s,
          Pentiums, Pentium Pros, Pentium IIs ¤Î¬Û®e´¹¤ù³£À³¯à¹B§@¡C 286
          ¤Î§óªº¤]³\¦³¤@¤Ñ¥i¦b¤@¸û¤pªº®Ö¤ßºÙ¬° ELKS(Embeddable Linux
          Kernel Subset) ¤U³Q¤ä´©¡A¦ý§O´Á±æ·|¦³¬Û¦Pªº¯à¤O¡C) µ¹ 680x0 CPU
          ªºª©¥»(¨ä¤¤ x = 2 ­n¦³¥~³¡ MMU, 3, 4, ¤Î 6)¥i¦b Amigas ¤Î
          Ataris ¤W°õ¦æªº¥i¦b tsx-11.mit.edu ªº 680x0 ¥Ø¿ý¤U§ä¨ì¡C ³\¦h
          DEC Alphas, SPARCs ¤Î PowerPC ¾÷¾¹³£³Q¤ä´©¡C²¾´Ó¨ì ARM,
          StrongARM ¤Î MIPS ¬[ºc¤W¥¿¦b¶i¦æ¤¤¡C§ó¦hªº²Ó¸`¥i¦b§O³B§ä¨ì¡C
          
   ¬[ºc:
          PCI, ISA, EISA ¤Î VLB ¶×¬y±Æ¡CMCA(mostly true blue PS/2's) ªº¤ä
          ´©ÁÙ¤£§¹¾ã¦ý¥¿§ïµ½¤¤(¨£¤U­z)¡C Linux ¹ïµwÅ骺­n¨D¤ñ DOS,
          Windows, ¥H¤Î¨Æ¹ê¤W¤j³¡¥÷¨ä¥¦ªº§@·~¨t²ÎÁÙ­n°ª¡C ³oªí¥Ü»¡¬Y¨Ç¦b°õ
          ¦æ¨ä¥¦­n¨D¸û§Cªº§@·~¨t²Î¤£·|¦³°ÝÃDªº³Ì§CµwÅé¥i¯à¦b¶] Linux ®É·|
          ¥¢±Ñ¡CLinux ¬O¬Û·í¦nªº°O¾ÐÅé´ú¸Õ¾¹...
          
   RAM:
          ¦b Intel ¥­¥x¤W¦Ü¦h¥i¨ì 1 GB; ¦b 64-bit ªº¥­¥x¤W¥i¦³§ó¦h¡C ¬Y¨Ç
          ¤H(¥]¬A Linus ¥»¤H)¤w¸gª`·N¨ì¼W¥[ RAM ¦Ó¤£¦P®É¼W¥[§ó¦hªº§Ö¨ú°O¾Ð
          Åé·|¨Ï¥L­Ìªº¾÷¾¹Åܱo«ÜºC¡A¦]¦¹¦pªG§A¼W¥[¤F°O¾ÐÅé¦Óµo²{§Aªº¾÷¾¹ÅÜ
          ºC¤F¡A¸ÕµÛ¥[¤W§ó¦hªº§Ö¨ú°O¾ÐÅé¡C ¬Y¨Ç¾÷¾¹¥u¯à§Ö¨ú¬Y¨Ç¼Æ¶qªº°O¾Ð
          Åé¡A¤£½×¦w¸Ë¤F¦h¤Öªº RAM (64 MB ¬O³Ì¦h´¹¤ù¯à§Ö¨úªº)¡C ®Ö¤ß
          2.0.35 ¤Î§ó¦­ªº¦b¶W¹L 64 MB °O¾ÐÅ骺¾÷¾¹¤W»Ý­n±Ò°Ê®É´Áªº°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦]
          ¬° BIOS ­ì¥ý³Q³]­p¬°µLªk³ø§i¶W¹L 64MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C ³Ìªñªº 2.1.x ®Ö
          ¤ß¤Î¥H«áªº¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C
          
   ¸ê®ÆÀx¦s³]³Æ:
          ¤@¯ëªº AT ºÏºÐ (EIDE, IDE, 16 bit HD controllers with MFM or
          RLL, or ESDI) ¬O¤ä´©ªº¡ASCSI µwºÐ¤Î¥úºÐ¾÷¤]³£¤ä´©¡A¥u­n¦³¤@³Q¤ä
          ´©ªº SCSI ¥d¡C¤@¯ëªº XT ±±¨î¾¹ (8 bit controllers with MFM or
          RLL) ¤]³£¤ä´©¡C ¤ä´©ªº SCSI ¥d¦³: Advansys, Adaptec 1542, 1522,
          1740, 27xx, and 29xx ¨t¦C(¦³¨Ç¨Ò¥~), Buslogic MultiMaster and
          Flashpoint, NCR53c8xx-based controllers, DPT controllers,
          Qlogic ISP and FAS controllers, Seagate ST-01 and ST-02, Future
          Domain TMC-88x series (or any board based on the TMC950 chip)
          and TMC1660/1680, Ultrastor 14F, 24F and 34F, Western Digital
          wd7000, and others. SCSI, QIC-02, ¤Î¤@¨Ç QIC-80 tapes ¤]¤ä´©¡C
          °£¤F IDE ¤Î SCSI ªº CD-ROM ¥~¡A¦n´XºØ±MÄݤ¶­±ªº CD-ROM ¸Ë¸m¤]³£
          ¤ä´©¡A¥]¬A Matsushita/Panasonic, Mitsumi, Sony, Soundblaster,
          Toshiba, ATAPI (EIDE), SCSI, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C ·Q¤F¸Ñ½T¹êªº«¬¸¹¡A¬d¾\
          [19]Hardware compatibility HOWTO¡C ª`·N¡A³o¥÷¦Cªí¨Ã¤£§¹¾ã¡A¦Ó¥B
          ¥Ã»··|¦p¦¹¡Cµo¦æ®M¥óªº¼t°Ó·|ºûÅ@¤@¥÷§ó·sªº¦Cªí¡C
          
   µø°T:
          VGA, EGA, CGA, ©Î Hercules (¤Î¬Û®eªº)¥i¦b¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡¹B§@¡C ¹Ï«¬¼Ò¦¡
          ¤Î X µøµ¡¡A¤ä´©ªº¦³(¦Ü¤Ö)´¶³qªº VGA, ¬Y¨Ç super-VGA ¥d(¤j³¡¥÷¥Î
          Tseng, Paradise, ¤Î¬Y¨Ç Trident ´¹¤ùªº¥d), S3, 8514/A, ATI,
          Matrox, ¤Î Hercules. (Linux ¨Ï¥Î XFree86 X server, ¦]¦¹³o¨M©w¤F
          ¤°»ò¥d³Q¤ä´©¡C³æ³æ§¹¾ã¤w¤ä´©´¹¤ùªº¦Cªí´N¶W¹L¤F¤@­¶¡C°Ñ¨£
          [20]http://www.XFree86.org/.)
          
   ºô¸ô:
          ¤A¤Óºô¸ô¥d¤ä´©¥]¬A 3COM 503/509/579/589/595/905 (501/505/507 ¤]
          ¤ä´©¦ý¤£«Øij¨Ï¥Î)¡A AT&T GIS (nee NCR) WaveLAN, most
          WD8390-based cards, most WD80x3-based cards, NE1000/2000 ¤Î¤j³¡
          ¥÷ªº¥é»s«~, AC3200, Apricot 82596, AT1700, ATP,
          DE425/434/435/500, D-Link DE-600/620, DEPCA, DE100/101,
          DE200/201/202 Turbo, DE210, DE422, Cabletron E2100 (¤£«Øij),
          Intel EtherExpress (¤£«Øij), EtherExpress Pro, EtherExpress
          100, DEC EtherWORKS 3, HP LAN, HP PCLAN/plus, most AMD
          LANCE-based cards, NI5210, ni6510, SMC Ultra, DEC 21040
          (tulip), Zenith Z-Note ethernet, ©Ò¦³ Zircom ¥d¤Î©Ò¦³ Cabletron
          ªº¥d°£¤F E2100 ¤§¥~³£¤£¤ä´©¡A¦]¬°»s³y°Ó¤£Ä@·N§K¶Oªº¤½¶}µ{¦¡¼g§@
          ªº¸ê°T¡C
          
          FDDI ¥Ø«e¤ä´©¥]¬A¨Ó¦Û DEC ªº DEFxx ¥d¡C
          
          ÂI¹ïÂIºô¸ô¤ä´©¥]¬A¤F PPP, SLIP, CSLIP, and PLIP. PPP ¤ä´©¥]¬A¼Ð
          ·Çªº«D¦P¨B¸Ë¸m¹³¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¥H¤Î¦P¨B¼Ò¦¡³s½u¦p ISDN.
          
          ¦³­­ªº Token Ring ¤ä´©¤w¥i¨ú±o¡C
          
   ¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m:
          ¤j³¡¥÷ 16450 ¤Î 16550 UART-based ªO¡A¥]¬A AST Fourport, the
          Usenet Serial Card II, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C ´¼¼z«¬¦ê¦CªO¤ä´©¥]¬A Cyclades
          Cyclom ¨t¦C (¥Ñ»s³y°Ó¤ä´©), Comtrol Rocketport ¨t¦C (¥Ñ»s³y°Ó¤ä
          ´©), Stallion (¤j³¡¥÷; ¥Ñ»s³y°Ó¤ä´©), ¥H¤Î Digi (¬Y¨Çª©; ¥Ñ»s³y
          °Ó¤ä´©)¡C¬Y¨Ç ISDN, frame relay, ¤Î±M½uµwÅé¤]¤ä´©¡C
          
   ¨ä¥¦ªºµwÅé:
          SoundBlaster, ProAudio Spectrum 16, Gravis Ultrasound, ¤j³¡¥÷¨ä
          ¥¦ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A¤j³¡¥÷(¥þ³¡?)¬y¦æªº¶×¬y±Æ·Æ¹«(Microsoft, Logitech,
          PS/2), µ¥µ¥¡C
          
4. ²¾´Óµ{¦¡¤Î¨ä¥¦³nÅ骺¤£§¹¾ã¦Cªí

   ¤j³¡¥÷¤@¯ëªº Unix ¤u¨ã¤Îµ{¦¡¤w¸g³Q²¾´Ó¨ì Linux ¤W¡A¥]¬A¤F´X¥G©Ò¦³ GNU
   ªºªF¦è¤Î³\¦h¤£¦P¨Ó·½ªº X «È¤áºÝµ{¦¡¡C ¹ê»Ú¤W¡A©Ò¿×ªº²¾´Ó³q±`¥u¬O¤@¥y¸Ü
   ¡A¦]¬°³\¦hµ{¦¡¥iª½±µ¦b Linux ¾÷¾¹¤W½sĶ¦Ó¤£»Ý­n­×§ï¡A©Î¥u»Ý­n«Ü¤pªº­×§ï
   ¡A¦]¬° Linux «D±`¿í´` POSIX¡C ¹ï¥ô¦ó§@·~¨t²Î¨Ó»¡¥Ã»·¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡
   ¡A¦ý¬O Linux ¦³·U¨Ó·U¦h²×ºÝ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ(end-user)¤Î¦øªA¾¹ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡C ©M§A³ß
   Åwªº°Ó·~ Unix À³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº¨ÑÀ³°ÓÁpô¸ß°Ý¥L­Ì¬O§_±N¥¦²¾´Ó¨ì Linux ¤W¡C
   
   ³o¸Ì¦³¥÷¤wª¾¯à¦b Linux ¤W¹B§@³nÅ骺¤£§¹¾ã¦Cªí:
   
   °ò¥»ªº Unix «ü¥O:
          ls, tr, sed, awk µ¥µ¥(§A¯à»¡±o¥X¦W¦rªº¡ALinux ¤j·§´N¦³)¡C
          
   µo®i¤u¨ã:
          gcc, gdb, make, bison, flex, perl, rcs, cvs, prof.
          
   »y¨¥¤ÎÀô¹Ò:
          C, C++, Objective C, Java, Modula-3, Modula-2, Oberon, Ada95,
          Pascal, Fortran, ML, scheme, Tcl/tk, Perl, Python, Common Lisp,
          ¤Î³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªº¡C
          
   ¹Ï§ÎÀô¹Ò:
          GNOME ¤Î KDE (®à­±Àô¹Ò), X11R5 (XFree86 2.x), X11R6 (XFree86
          3.x), MGR.
          
   ½s¿è¾¹:
          GNU Emacs, XEmacs, MicroEmacs, jove, ez, epoch, elvis (GNU vi),
          vim, vile, joe, pico, jed, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C
          
   Shells:
          bash (POSIX sh-compatible), zsh (¥]§t ksh ¬Û®e¼Ò¦¡), pdksh,
          tcsh, csh, rc, es, ash (¤j³¡¥÷ sh-¬Û®eªº shell ¦b BSD ¤W·í°µ
          /bin/sh ¨Ó¥Î), ÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¡C
          
   ³q°Tµ{¦¡:
          PPP, UUCP, SLIP, CSLIP, §¹¾ãªº TCP/IP ³q°T¤u¨ã¶°¡A kermit,
          szrz, minicom, pcomm, xcomm, term (runs multiple shells,
          redirects network activity, and allows remote X, all over one
          modem line), Seyon («D±`¨üÅwªïªº X Window ³q°Tµ{¦¡), ¥H¤Î¼Æ­Ó¶Ç
          ¯u¤ÎÁn­µ¶l¥ó(¨Ï¥Î ZyXEL ¤Î¨ä¥¦¼Æ¾Ú¾÷)®M¥ó³£¦³¡C·íµM¡A»·ºÝ¦ê¦C¤Î
          ºô¸ôñ¤J¤]¤ä´©¡C
          
   ·s»D¤Î¶l¥ó³nÅé:
          C-news, innd, trn, nn, tin, smail, elm, mh, exmh, pine, mutt, µ¥
          杭C
          
   ¤å¦r³B²z³nÅé:
          TeX, groff, doc, ez, LyX, Lout, Linuxdoc-SGML, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C
          
   ¹CÀ¸:
          Nethack, ¼Æ­Ó Muds ¤Î X ¹CÀ¸¡A¥H¤Î¤j¶q¨ä¥¦ªº¹CÀ¸¡C©Ò¦³¹CÀ¸¥i¦Û
          tsx-11 ¤Î sunsite ¨ú±o¡C
          
   ©Ò¦³³o¨Çµ{¦¡³£¥i§K¶O¨ú±o(¦Ó³o¨ÇÁÙ¤£¤Î©Ò¦³ªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤@)¡C°Ó·~³nÅé·U¨Ó·U
   ¦h; ¸ß°Ý§A³ß·Rªº°Ó·~³nÅé¨ÑÀ³ªÌ¥L­Ì¬O§_¤ä´© Linux.
   
5. ½Ö¨Ï¥Î Linux?

   Linux ¥i§K¶O¨ú±o¡A¦Ó¨S¦³¤H»Ý­n±N¥L­Ìªº«þ¨©¦V¥ô¦ó¤¤¥¡·í§½µù¥U¡A¦]¦¹«ÜÃø
   ª¾¹D¦³¦h¤Ö¤H¦b¨Ï¥Î Linux. ¼Æ®a¤½¥q¥Ø«e³æ¿W´£¨Ñ³c½æ¤Î¤ä´© Linux¡A¦Ó
   Linux ·s»D¸s²Õ¬Oºô»Úºô¸ô¬Y¨Ç³Q«D±`¤j¶q¾\Ūªº¸s²Õ¤§¤@¡A¦]¦¹³o­Ó¼Æ¥Ø¤j·§
   ¦b¦Ê¸U¤§ÃСA¦ý¹ê»Úªº¼Æ¦r«ÜÃø¦ô­p¡C ³Ì¨Îªº¥«³õ½Õ¬dÅã¥Ü¤j¬ù¦b 750 ¸U¨ì
   1100 ¸U¤H¤§¶¡¡C
   
   ¦³­Ó«i´±ªº³Ã¥ë¡AHarald T. Alvestrand <
   [21]Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no> ¨M©w­n¸Õ¤@¸Õ¥Î³Ì§xÃøªº¤è¦¡­pºâ
   Linux ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Æ¥Ø: ¤@­Ó¤@­Ó¼Æ¡C ¦pªG§A·Q³Q­pºâ¬°¤@­Ó Linux ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A
   ½Ð¨Ï¥Î [22]http://counter.li.org/ ¤Wªº web forms µù¥U¡C °£¦¹¤§¥~¡A§AÁÙ
   ¥i¥H°e¤@°T®§¨ì [23]linux-counter@uninett.no¡A¼ÐÃD¬O¤U¦C¨ä¤¤¤§¤@: `I
   use Linux at home', `I use Linux at work', ©Î `I use Linux at home and
   at work'¡C ¥L¤]±µ¨ü`²Ä¤TªÌ(third-party)'ªºµù¥U; ¦V¥L¸ß°Ý¸Ô±¡¡C
   
   ¥L¨C­Ó¤ë±N¥Lªº­p¼Æ©ñ¨ì [24]news:comp.os.linux.misc; ¤]¥i±q
   [25]http://counter.li.org/ ¨ú±o¡C
   
6. ¨ú±o Linux

6.1 °Î¦W FTP

   ­n§K¶O´²§Gªº Linux ¤å¥ó¡A°Ñ¨£ Linux ¤å¥ó­pµe(Linux Documentation
   Project, LDP)¯¸¥x¡A¦b [26]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/ ¤Î
   [27]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/¡C
   
   Ķµù: ­n¨ú±o Linux ªº¤¤Ä¶¤å¥ó¡A°Ñ¨£ CLDP,
   [28]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/¡C
   
   ¶i¤@¨Bªºµo®iª`·N¨ì [29]news:comp.os.linux.announce ·s»D¸s²Õ¡C
   
   ¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤U¦C°Î¦Wªº FTP ¯¸¥x¦³ Linux.
   
Textual name                   Numeric address  Linux directory
=============================  ===============  ===============
tsx-11.mit.edu                 18.172.1.2       /pub/linux
sunsite.unc.edu                152.2.22.81      /pub/Linux
ftp.funet.fi                   128.214.248.6    /pub/Linux
net.tamu.edu                   128.194.177.1    /pub/linux
ftp.mcc.ac.uk                  130.88.203.12    /pub/linux
src.doc.ic.ac.uk               146.169.2.1      /packages/linux
fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de     129.187.200.1    /pub/linux
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de  131.159.0.110    /pub/comp/os/linux
ftp.dfv.rwth-aachen.de         137.226.4.111    /pub/linux
ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de  137.226.225.3    /pub/Linux
ftp.Germany.EU.net             192.76.144.75    /pub/os/Linux
ftp.lip6.fr                    132.227.77.2     /pub/linux
ftp.uu.net                     137.39.1.9       /systems/unix/linux
wuarchive.wustl.edu            128.252.135.4    mirrors/linux
ftp.win.tue.nl                 131.155.70.100   /pub/linux
ftp.stack.urc.tue.nl           131.155.2.71     /pub/linux
srawgw.sra.co.jp               133.137.4.3      /pub/os/linux
cair.kaist.ac.kr                                /pub/Linux
ftp.denet.dk                   129.142.6.74     /pub/OS/linux
NCTUCCCA.edu.tw                140.111.1.10     /OS/Linux
nic.switch.ch                  130.59.1.40      /mirror/linux
sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch        193.5.24.1       /mirror/linux
cnuce_arch.cnr.it              131.114.1.10     /pub/Linux
ftp.monash.edu.au              130.194.11.8     /pub/linux
ftp.dstc.edu.au                130.102.181.31   /pub/linux
ftp.sydutech.usyd.edu.au       129.78.192.2     /pub/linux

   tsx-11.mit.edu ¤Î fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de ¬O Linux's GCC ªº¥¿¦¡¯¸¥x
   ¡C ¬Y¨Ç¯¸¥x¬M®g¨ä¥¦ªº¯¸¥x¡C½Ð¾¨¶q¨Ï¥Î¶ZÂ÷§A³Ìªñ(ºô¸ô¶ZÂ÷)ªº¯¸¥x¡C
   
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6.2 CDROM

   ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H²{¦b±q CDROM ¦w¸Ë Linux. ³o¨Ç®M¥ó¤w¸g¦¨ªø¬°¥]§t¼Æ¦Ê MB ªº
   Linux ³nÅé¡A¦Ó¸g¥Ñ 28.8K ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Î¬O ISDN ³s½u¨Ó¤U¸ü±Nªá¶O«Üªøªº®É¶¡¡C
   
   °ò¥»¤W¦³¨âºØ¤è¦¡¥iÁʶR¤@­Ó Linux ®M¥óªº CDROM: FTP ¯¸¥x¤@³¡¥÷ªºÀÉ®×¥]¸Ë
   ¡A©Îª½±µ¦V»s³y°ÓÁʶR¡C ¦pªG§A¶R¤@ÀÉ®×¥]¸Ë¡A§A³q±`·|¨ú±o¦n´XºØ®M¥ó¥i¨Ñ¿ï
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6.3 ¨ä¥¦¨ú±o Linux ªº¤èªk

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   [31]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html ¨ú±o¡A¦Ó¥B
   ©w´Á¤½§G¦b [32]news:comp.os.linux.announce ·s»D¸s²Õ¤W¡C
   
7. Linux ªºªk«ßª¬ªp

   ÁöµM Linux ´£¨Ñ¤F§¹¾ãªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡A¥¦¤´¬O¦³ª©Åvªº³nÅé¡A¦Ó«D¤½¯q³nÅé¡C
   µM¦Ó¡A¥¦¬O¦b GNU General Public License ¤U§K¶O¨ú¥Îªº¡A¦³®É­Ô¤]ºÙ
   ¬°``copyleft''¡C°Ñ¨£ GPL ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C ¦b Linux ¤W°õ¦æªºµ{¦¡¨C¤@­Ó³£
   ¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªºª©Åv¡AÁöµM³\¦h¤]¬O¨Ï¥Î GPL ªº¡C X ¨Ï¥Î MIT X ª©Åv¡A¦Ó¤@¨Ç¤u¨ã
   ¬O¦b BSD ªºª©Åv«Oïæ¤U¡C ¤£½×¬O¦óºØ±¡ªp¡A©Ò¦³±q FTP ¯¸¨ú±oªº³nÅé³£¥i§K¶O
   ¦Û¥Ñ¦a´²§G(¤£µM¥¦¤]¤£·|¦b¨º¨à¤F)¡C
   
8. Ãö©ó Linux ªº·s»D

   ¦³¤@¥»¥s Linux Journal ªºÂø»x¦b¥|¦~«e´Nµo¦æ¤F¡C ¥¦¥]§tªº¤å³¹´X¥G²[»\©Ò
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   Box 85867, Seattle, WA 98145-1867 USA¡C SSC ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó PGP public key¡A¥Î
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   ¦³³\¦hµ¹ Linux ªº Usenet ·s»D¸s²Õ¡AÁÙ¦³³\¦h¶l»¼¦Cªí¡C°Ñ¨£ Linux FAQ ¥H
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   FAQ)¡C
   
   [34]news:comp.os.linux.announce ¬O¤@­Ó¨üºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A¥Î¨Óµo§GÃö©ó
   Linux ªº®ø®§(·sµ{¦¡¡A¿ù»~­×¥¿µ¥µ¥)¡C
   
   [35]news:comp.os.linux.answers ¬O¤@­Ó¨üºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A¥Î¨Óµoªí Linux
   FAQ, HOWTO ¤å¥ó¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¤å¥ó¥Îªº¡C
   
   [36]news:comp.os.linux.admin ¬O¤@­Ó¥¼ºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A¥Î¨Ó°Q½× Linux ¨t
   ²ÎªººÞ²z¡C
   
   [37]news:comp.os.linux.development.system ¬O¤@­Ó¥¼ºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A±Mªù
   ¥Î¨Ó°Q½× Linux ªº®Ö¤ßµo®i¡C °ß¤@¥i¥H¦b¨º¸Ì°Q½×ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡µo®i°ÝÃD¬O»P®Ö
   ¤ß±K¤Á¬ÛÃöªº¡C ©Ò¦³¨ä¥¦ªºµo®i°ÝÃD¦h¥b¬O¤@¯ëªº Unix µo®i°ÝÃD¦ÓÀ³³Q©ñ¨ì
   comp.unix group¡A°£«D¥¦­Ì¬O»P Linux ¦³ÃöªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡°ÝÃD¡A³oºØ±¡§Îªº¸Ü°Ý
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   [38]news:comp.os.linux.development.apps ¬O¤@­Ó¥¼ºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A±Mªù¥Î
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   ¦¡ªº¡A¤]¤£¬O¥Î¨Óµ¹¨º¨Ç·Q¬Ý¬Ý Linux À³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº¤Hªº°Q½×³õ©Ò¡C
   
   [39]news:comp.os.linux.hardware ¬Oµ¹ Linux ¬ÛÃöªºµwÅé°ÝÃD¥Îªº¡C
   
   [40]news:comp.os.linux.networking ¬Oµ¹ Linux ¬ÛÃöªººô¸ôµo®i¤Î«Ø¥ßªº°ÝÃD
   ¡C
   
   [41]news:comp.os.linux.x ¬Oµ¹»P Linux ¦³Ãöªº X Windows ªº°ÝÃD¡C
   
   [42]news:comp.os.linux.misc ¬O¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N comp.os.linux¡A¥Î¨Óµ¹¤£ÄÝ©ó¥ô¦ó
   ¨ä¥¦¤è­±ªº Linux °Q½×¡C
   
   ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¤£­n¦b Linux ·s»D¸s²Õ¤W­«½Æµoªí(crosspost)¤å³¹¡C °ß¤@¾A¦X­«½Æ
   µoªíªº¬O°¸¦Óµo§G¦b¤@¥¼ºÞ¨îªº¸s²Õ¤Î [43]news:comp.os.linux.announce ªº¤å
   ³¹¡C ±N comp.os.linux ¤À³Î¬°³\¦h¸s²Õªº¥D­n­ì¦]¬O¬°¤F­°§C¨C¤@¸s²Õªº¤å³¹
   ¬y¶q¡C ¤£¿í¦u³o¶µ³W«hªº¸Ü±N·|¾D­P¥L¤H²@¤£¯d±¡ªº©áÀ»¡K
   
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9. ¥¼¨Ó®i±æ

   ¦b Linux 1.0 µo¦æ¤§«á¡A¤w¸g¦³³\¦h¼W±jªº¤u§@¡C Linux 1.2 ¥]¬A¤F¥[³tºÏºÐ
   ¨ú¥Î¡ATTY §ïµ½¡AµêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¼W±j¡A¦h¥­¥x¤ä´©¡Aquotas, ¤Î§ó¦h¡C Linux
   2.0, ¥Ø«eªºÃ­©wª©¥»¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦hªº¼W±j¡A¥]¬A¤F³\¦h®Ä²vªº§ïµ½¡A¼Æ­Ó·sªººô¸ô
   ¨ó©w¡A¤@­Ó¥@¬É¤W³Ì§Ö¤§¤@ªº TCP/IP ¹ê§@¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¡A§ó¦h¡C §ó°ªªº®Ä²v¡A§ó
   ¦hªººô¸ô¨ó©w¡A¤Î§ó¦hªº¸Ë¸mÅX°Êµ{¦¡±N¦b Linux 2.2 ¥X²{¡C
   
   ÁöµM¤w¦³¶W¹L 75 ¸U¦æªºµ{¦¡½X¦b®Ö¤ß¤§¤¤¡A¤´¦³³\¦hªºµ{¦¡½X¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦hªº¤å
   ¥óµ¥µÛ­n¼g¡C ¦pªG§A·Q°^Äm¤å¥ó½Ð¥[¤J linux-doc@vger.rutgers.edu ¶l»¼¦Cªí
   ¡C °e¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨ì majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu, «H¥ó¤º®e(¤£¬O¼ÐÃD)¥u§t¤@¦æ
   ¦r``help''¡C
   
10. ¥»¤å¥ó

   ¥»¤å¥ó¥Ñ Michael K. Johnson < [45]johnsonm@redhat.com> ©ÒºûÅ@¡C ½Ð±N¥ô
   ¦ó·N¨£°eµ¹§Ú¡A¤£½×¦h¤p³£¦æ¡C¨S¦³§AªºÀ°§U§ÚµLªk±NºûÅ@¦¹¤å¥óªº¤u§@°µ¦n¡C
   ¥»¤å¥óªº³Ìªñª©¥»Á`¥i¦b [46]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/ §ä¨ì¡C
   
   ¦pªG±z¹ï¤¤Ä¶ª©¦³¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD½Ð»P ¶À§Ó°¶ < [47]cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw> Ápô
   ¡C ³Ì·sªº¤¤Ä¶ª©¥»¥i¦b [48]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/INFO-SHEET.html
   ¨ú±o¡C
   
11. ªk«ßÁn©ú

   ©Ò¦³°Ó¼Ð¬OÄݩ󥦭̪º¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡C¥»¤åªº¸ê°T¨S¦³¥ô¦ó«OÃÒ¡C¨Ï¥Î¤Î´²§G¥²¶·¦Û¦æ
   ­t¾á­·ÀI¡C ¥»¤åªº¤º®e¬O¤½¶}ªº¡A¦ý¦pªG§A¤Þ¥Î¥¦­Ì¡A½Ð«O«ù§¸`¨Ã»¡©ú¨Ó·½¡C
   
   ­ì¤å
   
   Trademarks are owned by their owners. There is no warranty about the
   information in this document. Use and distribute at your own risk. The
   content of this document is in the public domain, but please be polite
   and attribute any quotes.

References

   1. mailto:johnsonm@redhat.com
   2. http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/
   3. mailto:cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw
   4. mailto:torvalds@transmeta.com
   5. ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/COPYING
   6. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html
   7. http://www.opensource.org/
   8. http://glycerine.itsmm.uni.edu/mca
   9. news:comp.os.linux.m68k
  10. http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/FAQ.html
  11. http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl-sparc/
  12. http://www.cs.nmt.edu/~linuxppc/
  13. http://www.linuxppc.org/
  14. http://linus.linux.sgi.com/
  15. http://lena.fnet.fr/
  16. http://sagan.earthspace.net/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/
  17. http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux-web/beowulf/beowulf.html
  18. http://rsphy1.anu.edu.au/~gpg109/mem.html
  19. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18077/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO.html
  20. http://www.XFree86.org/
  21. mailto:Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no
  22. http://counter.li.org/
  23. mailto:linux-counter@uninett.no
  24. news:comp.os.linux.misc
  25. http://counter.li.org/
  26. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/
  27. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/
  28. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/
  29. news:comp.os.linux.announce
  30. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html
  31. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html
  32. news:comp.os.linux.announce
  33. mailto:subs@ssc.com
  34. news:comp.os.linux.announce
  35. news:comp.os.linux.answers
  36. news:comp.os.linux.admin
  37. news:comp.os.linux.development.system
  38. news:comp.os.linux.development.apps
  39. news:comp.os.linux.hardware
  40. news:comp.os.linux.networking
  41. news:comp.os.linux.x
  42. news:comp.os.linux.misc
  43. news:comp.os.linux.announce
  44. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/
  45. mailto:johnsonm@redhat.com
  46. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/
  47. mailto:cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw
  48. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/INFO-SHEET.html