Linux Serial HOWTO ¤¤Ä¶ª©
                                       
§@ªÌ: Greg Hankins [1]greg.hankins@cc.gatech.edu
ĶªÌ: [2]Asd L. Chen & [3]C.W.Huang

   v1.11, 15 November 1997 ½Ķ¤é´Á: 18 November 1997
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ³o¥÷¤å¥ó±Ô­z¦p¦ó¦b Linux ¾÷¾¹¤W³]©w¦ê¦C³q°T³]³Æ¡D
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. ²¤¶

     * 1.1 ª©ÅvÁn©ú
     * 1.2 ³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»
     * 1.3 ¦^õX
     * 1.4 §K³dÁn©ú
       
2. ¤w¸g¤ä´©ªº¦ê¦CµwÅé

     * 2.1 ¼Ð·Ç PC ¦ê¦C°ð
     * 2.2 §Y´¡§Y¥Î«¬(PnP)¼Æ¾Ú¾÷
     * 2.3 ¤@¯ë¦h°ð¦ê¦C¥d(ªþ 8250/16450/16550A UART ´¹¤ù)
     * 2.4 ´¼¼z«¬¦h°ð¦ê¦C¥d
     * 2.5 ¤£¤ä´©ªº¦ê¦CµwÅé
       
3. ¦ê¦C°ðªº¦WºÙ¬O¤°»ò?

     * 3.1 ¦b /dev ¸Ìªº¦ê¦C³]³Æ¤Î¥D­n©M¦¸­n¸¹½X
     * 3.2 ¤@¯ë¦h°ðªOªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ
     * 3.3 ´¼¼z«¬¦h°ðªOªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ
       
4. §AÀ³ª¾¹Dªº¦³½ìµ{¦¡

     * 4.1 ¤°»ò¬O getty?
     * 4.2 ¤°»ò¬O setserial?
       
5. §Ú«ç»ò¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·¸¹¥X¥h?

     * 5.1 µwÅé»Ý¨D
     * 5.2 »P§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥æ½Í
     * 5.3 ¼·¥X¥Îªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°t¸m
     * 5.4 µwÅé¬y¶q±±¨î
       
6. §Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥H getty_ps ¼·¤J¤Î¼·¥X?

     * 6.1 ¼·¤J¤Î¼·¥Xªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°t¸m
     * 6.2 ¦w¸Ë getty_ps
     * 6.3 ³]©w uugetty
     * 6.4 ¦Û­q uugetty
       
7. §Ú«ç»ò³]©w²×ºÝ¾÷³s½u¨ì§Úªº PC ¤W?

     * 7.1 µwÅé»Ý¨D
     * 7.2 ³]©w getty
     * 7.3 ±N PC ³]©w¦¨²×ºÝ¾÷ªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ
       
8. §Ú¯à¨Ï¥Î¶W¹L¨â­Óªº¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m¶Ü?

     * 8.1 ¿ï¾Ü¦ê¦C³]³Æªº¤¤Â_¦ì§}
     * 8.2 ³]©w¦ê¦C³]³Æªº¦ì§}
       
9. §Ú«ç¼Ë±N§Úªº¦ê¦C°ð³]¨ì¸û°ªªº³t«×? §Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤SÀ³¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¤°»ò¼Ëªº³t«×?

10. ³q°Tµ{¦¡¤Î¤u¨ã

11. ¦ê¦C¨Ï¥Î¯µ³Z

     * 11.1 kermit ¥H¤Î zmodem
     * 11.2 ¦Û°Ê³]©w²×ºÝ¾÷«¬¦¡
     * 11.3 ¦b¦ê¦C³s½u¤Uªº±m¦â ls
     * 11.4 ±q²×ºÝ¾÷©Ò³s±µªº¦Lªí¾÷¶i¦æ¦C¦L
     * 11.5 Linux ¯à¤£¯à°÷¦Û°Ê¦a°t¸m¦ê¦C³]³Æ?
     * 11.6 ¨Ï¥Î¦ê¦C±±¨î¥x
     * 11.7 §ó°ªªº¦ê¦C¬y¶q
       
12. §ó¶i¤@¨B...

     * 12.1 ¤°»ò¬OÂê©wÀÉ®×(lock files)?
     * 12.2 ``baud'' ¹ï ``bps''
     * 12.3 ¤°»ò¬O UARTs? ¥¦­Ì¦p¦ó¼vÅT®Ä¯à?
       
13. ¬G»Ù±Æ°£

     * 13.1 §Ú¤£Â_¦a¦¬¨ì ``line NNN of inittab invalid''
     * 13.2 ·í§Ú¸ÕµÛ¼·¸¹®É¡A¥¦»¡ ``/dev/cuaN: Device or resource busy''
     * 13.3 §Ú«ùÄò±µ¨ì ``Id SN respawning too fast: disabled for 5
       minutes''
     * 13.4 ¦ê¦C³]³Æ«ÜºC©Î¬O¦ê¦C³]³Æ¥u¯à³æ¦V¶Ç°e
     * 13.5 §Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦b¬Y¤HÂ_½u«áÅõºÈ©Î¬O uugetty ¨Ã¨S¦³­«·s°õ¦æ
     * 13.6 §Ú±N§Úªº²×ºÝ¾÷³s¨ì§Úªº PC ¤W¡A¦ý¬O¦b§Ú¿é¤Jñ¤J¦WºÙ¤§«á¡A¥¦´NÂê
       ¦í¤£°Ê
     * 13.7 ¦b°ª³t¤U¡A§Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷º|¥¢¸ê®Æ
     * 13.8 ¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¡ALinux ¨S¦³¨Ì·Ó§Úªº°t¸m¦^³ø¦ê¦C³]³Æ¡D
     * 13.9 ·í§Ú¨Ï¥Î§Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥s¥Î Linux ¾÷¾¹®É rz ¥H¤Î/©Î¬O sz ¤£°Ê
     * 13.10 §Úªº¿Ã¹õ¦L¥X¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¦nª±ªº¦r¤¸
     * 13.11 getty ©Î uugetty ¤´µMµLªk¹B§@
       
14. ¨ä¥¦ªº¸ê°T¨Ó·½

15. »ÊÁÂ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. ²¤¶

   ³o¬O Linux Serial HOWTO¡D¥]§tÃö©ó¦p¦ó¦b Linux ¤U³]©w¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥H¤Î²×ºÝ¾÷ªº
   ©Ò¦³²Ó¸`¡AÁÙ¦³¤@¨Ç¨Ï¥Î¦ê¦Cªº³Z¬¡A¥H¤Î¬G»Ù±Æ°£ªº¸ê®Æ¡D ³o¥÷¤å¥óµÛ­«¦b
   Intel x86 µwÅé¤W°õ¦æªº Linux¡AÁöµM¦b¨ä¥¦¥­¥x¤W¤]³\¤]¯à¹B§@¡D
   
1.1 ª©ÅvÁn©ú

   ¥»¤åª©Åv¬OÄÝ©ó Greg Hankins(copyright (C) 1993 - 1997)¡D¥»¤å¥ó¥i¥H¦b
   LDP ªºª©Åv³\¥i¤U´²§G: [4]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html. ¥»
   ¤å¦b¥¼¸g§@ªÌ³\¥i¤U¤£±o¥H­×§ïªº§Î¦¡´²§G¡D
   
   ­ì¤å
   
   Copyright (c) 1993 - 1997 by Greg Hankins. This document may be
   distributed under the terms set forth in the LDP license at
   [5]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html. This document may not be
   distibuted in modified form without consent of the author.
   
1.2 ³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»

   ·sª©ªº Serial HOWTO ·|©ñ¨ì
   [6]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Serial-HOWTO ¥H¤Î¬M®g¸`ÂI
   ¡D¦³¤@¨Ç¨ä¥¦¹³¬O Postscript ¥H¤Î DVI ®æ¦¡ªºª©¥»©ñ¦b other-formats ¥Ø¿ý
   ¸Ì¡D ³o¤@¥÷ Serial HOWTO ¤]¥i¦b
   [7]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Serial-HOWTO.html ¨ú±o¡D¥¦¤]·|¨C¤ë
   ©w´Áªº¶K¨ì [8]comp.os.linux.answers¡D
   
1.3 ¦^õX

   ½Ð±N¥ô¦óªº°ÝÃD¡Aµû½×¡A«Øij©Î¸É¥R¤º®e±H°eµ¹§Ú¡D§Ú¥Ã»·´÷±æÅ¥¨ì§A¹ï³o¥÷
   HOWTO ªº·Qªk¡D §Ú¤]Á`¬O¤p¤ß¦aª`·N§ï¶i! ½T¹ê¦a§i¶D§Ú§A¦³¤°»ò¤£À´ªº¦a¤è¡A
   ©ÎªÌ¬O¦³¤°»ò¦a¤è¥i¥H¼g±o§ó²M·¡¡D §A¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ³o­Ó¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦ì§}
   [9]greg.hankins@cc.gatech.edu »P§Ú³sô¡D ©Ò¦³ªº¶l¥ó§Ú³£·|¦^ÂСA¤£¹L¥i¯à
   ­nªá¤@­Ó¬P´Á©Î§óªøªº®É¶¡¡A¬Ý§Ú¦h¦£¦Ó©w¡D §Ú¦¬¨ì¤@¤j°ï¨Ó¦Û root ¤Î¿ù»~³]
   ©wªº¯¸¥x¡D ½Ð¥H¯u¹ê¨­¥÷±H«Hµ¹§Ú¡A¨Ã¥B½T©w§Aªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨t²Î¬O¥¿±`¹B§@¨Ï±o
   §Ú¯à°÷¦^«Hµ¹§A¡D ¦pªG¨â­Ó¬P´Á¤§¤º§AÁÙ¨S¦¬¨ì§Úªº¦^­µ¡A½Ð¹Á¸Õ¦A±H¤@¦¸¡D
   
   ¤]¥i¥HÂǥѤU­±ªº¦a§}¥H¿ð½wªº¶Ç²Î«H¥óÁpµ¸§Ú:
   Greg Hankins
   College of Computing
   801 Atlantic Drive
   Atlanta, GA 30332-0280
   ¥H¤Î¸g¥Ñ¥þ²y¸ê°Tºô¨ì§Úªººô­¶
   [10]http://www.cc.gatech.edu/staff/h/Greg.Hankins/.
   
   ¼¶¼g®É½Ð±N Serial HOWTO ¤å¥óªºª©¥»½s¸¹§t¤J¡A³o¥÷¬O 1.11 ª©¡D
   
1.4 §K³dÁn©ú

   §Aªºª¬ªp¥i¯à«Ü¤£¤@¼Ë¡D³o¸Ìªº¦^µª¥i¯àµLªk¦b©Ò¦³ªº¨t²Î¤Î¦UºØ³]©wªº²Õ¦X¤U
   ¹B§@¡D
   
2. ¤w¸g¤ä´©ªº¦ê¦CµwÅé

   ¥Hª¾ Linux ¥i¥H»P¤U¦Cªº¦ê¦CµwÅé°t¦X¹B§@¡D
   
2.1 ¼Ð·Ç PC ¦ê¦C°ð

     * ¼Ð·Ç PC ¦ê¦C°ð (COM1 - COM4)¡A¯à°÷Åý¥~±µªº¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m(¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¦ê¦C·Æ¹«
       µ¥)³s±µªº
     * ¼Ð·Ç PC ¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ (COM1 - COM4)
     * Quickpath Systems Port-Folio 550e (¥i¥Îªº IRQ ¬° 3, 4, 5, 9, 10,
       11, 12, ¤Î 15)
       
   ª`·N: ¥Ñ©ó¦ì§}½Ä¬ð¡A§A¤£¯à¦P®É¨Ï¥Î COM4 ¤Î IBM8514 µø°T¥d¡D³o¬O
   IBM8514 µø°T¥dªº¤@­Ó bug¡D
   
2.2 §Y´¡§Y¥Î«¬(PnP)¼Æ¾Ú¾÷

   §Y´¡§Y¥Î«¬¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¯à°÷¦b Linux ¤W¹B§@¡DµM¦Ó¡A§Ú¤£«Øij¨Ï¥Î¥¦­Ì¡A¦]¬°¦³§xÃø
   ¡D §A¦³¦n¦h¨Æ±¡­n¸Õ:
     * ¸ÕµÛÃö±¼§A¹q¸£ BIOS ¤Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤Wªº PnP ¥\¯à¡D
     * ±Ò°Ê Windows 95¡A³]©w¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡AµM«á¬Ý¬Ý¦b§A±Ò°Ê Linux «á³o¨Ç³]©w¯à§_
       «O¯d¤U¨Ó¡D ¦pªG¤£¦æªº¸Ü¡A¦A¨Ó:
     * ±Ò°Ê Windows 95¡A³]©w¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡AµM«á¨Ï¥Î·x¶}¾÷±Ò°Ê Linux ¥H«KÅý³]©w¯à
       «O¯d¤U¨Ó¡D §A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î loadlin ¸ü¤J¾¹¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡D
     * ±q [11]http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/pnp ¨ú¦^ PnP ¤u¨ã¡D
     * µM«á§A´N¦³­Ó¥i¥Îªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D
       
2.3 ¤@¯ë¦h°ð¦ê¦C¥d(ªþ 8250/16450/16550A UART ´¹¤ù)

     * AST FourPort and clones (4 ports)
     * Accent Async-4 (4 ports)
     * Arnet Multiport-8 (8 ports)
     * Bell Technologies HUB6 (6 ports)
     * Boca BB-1004 (4 ports), BB-1008 (8 ports), BB-2016 (16 ports)
     * Boca IOAT66 (6 ports)
     * Boca 2by4 (4 serial ports, 2 parallel ports)
     * Computone ValuePort V4-ISA (AST FourPort compatible)
     * Digi PC/8 (8 ports)
     * GTEK BBS-550 (8 ports)
     * Longshine LCS-8880, Longshine LCS-8880+ (AST FourPort compatible)
     * Moxa C104, Moxa C104+ (AST FourPort compatible)
     * PC-COMM (4 ports)
     * [12]Sealevel Systems COMM-2 (2 ports), COMM-4 (4 ports) and COMM-8
       (8 ports)
     * SIIG I/O Expander 2S IO1812 (4 ports)
     * STB-4COM (4 ports)
     * Twincom ACI/550
     * Usenet Serial Board II (4 ports)
       
   ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A Linux ¯à°÷¤ä´©©Ò¦³¨Ï¥Î 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A¡]©Î»P¨ä¬Û
   ®e¡^UART ´¹¤ùªº¦ê¦C¥d¡A ©ÎªÌ¬O¯à°÷ºNÀÀ¤W¦C UARTs ¤§¤@ªº¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D
   
   ª`·N: BB-1004 ¥H¤Î BB-1008¡A¥¦­Ì¨Ã¤£¤ä´© DCD ¤Î RI ½u¸ô¡A¦]¦ÓµLªkÅý±µ¨ü
   ¼·±µªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨Ï¥Î¡D ¥¦­Ì¦b¨ä¥¦¥Î³~¤W«hªí²{¥¿±`¡D
   
2.4 ´¼¼z«¬¦h°ð¦ê¦C¥d

     * Comtrol RocketPort (36MHz ASIC; 4, 8, 16 or 32 ports)
       contact: [13]info@comtrol.com or [14]http://www.comtrol.com
       driver status: supported by Comtrol
       driver location:
       [15]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/comtrol
     * Computone IntelliPort II (16MHz 80186; 4, 8, or 16 ports),
       IntelliPort II EXpandable (20MHz 80186; 16 - 64 ports)
       contact: Michael H. Warfield, [16]mhw@wittsend.atl.ga.us
       driver status: pre-ALPHA
     * Cyclades Cyclom-Y (Cirrus Logic CD1400 UARTs; 8 - 32 ports),
       Cyclom-Z (25MHz MIPS R3000; 8 - 128 ports)
       contact: [17]sales@cyclades.com or [18]http://www.cyclades.com
       driver status: supported by Cyclades
       driver location: [19]ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades and
       included in Linux kernel since version 1.1.75
     * Decision PCCOM8 (8 ports)
       contact: [20]pccom8@signum.se
       driver location: [21]ftp://ftp.signum.se/pub/pccom8
     * Digi PC/Xi (12.5MHz 80186; 4, 8, or 16 ports),
       PC/Xe (12.5/16MHz 80186; 2, 4, or 8 ports),
       PC/Xr (16MHz IDT3041; 4 or 8 ports),
       PC/Xem (20MHz IDT3051; 8 - 64 ports)
       contact: [22]mailto:sales@dgii.com or [23]http://www.dgii.com
       driver status: supported by Digi
       driver location: [24]ftp://ftp.dgii.com/drivers/linux and included
       in Linux kernel since version 2.0
     * Digi COM/Xi (10MHz 80188; 4 or 8 ports)
       contact: Simon Park, [25]si@wimpol.demon.co.uk
       driver status: ALPHA
       note: Simon is often away from email for months at a time due to
       his job. Mark Hatle, [26]fray@krypton.mankato.msus.edu has
       graciously volunteered to make the driver available if you need
       it. Mark is not maintaining or supporting the driver.
     * Equinox SuperSerial Technology (30MHz ASIC; 2 - 128 ports)
       contact: [27]sales@equinox.com or [28]http://www.equinox.com
       driver status: supported by Equinox
       driver location: [29]ftp://ftp.equinox.com/library/sst
     * GTEK Cyclone (16C654 UARTs; 6, 16 and 32 ports),
       SmartCard (24MHz Dallas DS80C320; 8 ports),
       BlackBoard-8A (16C654 UARTs; 8 ports),
       PCSS (15/24MHz 8032; 8 ports)
       contact: [30]spot@gtek.com or [31]http://www.gtek.com
       driver status: supported by GTEK
       driver location: [32]ftp://ftp.gtek.com/pub
     * Hayes ESP (COM-bic; 1 - 8 ports)
       contact: Andrew J. Robinson, [33]arobinso@nyx.net or
       [34]http://www.nyx.net/~arobinso
       driver status: supported by author
       driver location: [35]http://www.nyx.net/~arobinso and included in
       Linux kernel since version 2.1.15
     * Maxpeed SS (Toshiba; 4, 8 and 16 ports)
       contact: [36]info@maxpeed.com or [37]http://www.maxpeed.com
       driver status: supported by Maxpeed
       driver location: [38]ftp://maxpeed.com/pub/ss
     * Moxa C218 (12MHz 80286; 8 ports),
       Moxa C320 (40MHz TMS320; 8 - 32 ports)
       contact: [39]info@moxa.com.tw or [40]http://www.moxa.com.tw
       driver status: supported by Moxa
       driver location: [41]ftp://ftp.moxa.com.tw/drivers/c218-320/linux
     * SDL RISCom/8 (Cirrus Logic CD180; 8 ports)
       contact: [42]sales@sdlcomm.com or [43]http://www.sdlcomm.com
       driver status: supported by SDL
       driver location: [44]ftp://ftp.sdlcomm.com/pub/drivers
     * Specialix SIO (20MHz Zilog Z280; 4 - 32 ports),
       XIO (25MHz Zilog Z280; 4 - 32 ports)
       contact: Simon Allen, [45]simonallen@cix.compulink.co.uk
       driver status: BETA
       driver location:
       [46]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/serial
     * Stallion EasyIO-4 (4 ports), EasyIO-8 (8 ports), and
       EasyConnection (8 - 32 ports) - each with Cirrus Logic CD1400
       UARTs,
       Stallion (8MHz 80186 CPU; 8 or 16 ports),
       Brumby (10/12 MHz 80186 CPU; 4, 8 or 16 ports),
       ONboard (16MHz 80186 CPU; 4, 8, 12, 16 or 32 ports),
       EasyConnection 8/64 (25MHz 80186 CPU; 8 - 64 ports)
       contact: [47]sales@stallion.com or [48]http://www.stallion.com
       driver status: supported by Stallion
       driver location: [49]ftp://ftp.stallion.com/drivers/ata5/Linux and
       included in linux kernel since 1.3.27
       
   ¨ä¤¤ Comtrol, Cyclades, Digi, ¤Î Stallion ªº²£«~¦b 1995 ¦~¤»¤ë¥÷ªº
   Linux Journal ¤W¦³½g¦^ÅU¤å³¹¡D ³o½g¤å³¹¥i¦b
   [50]http://www.ssc.com/lj/issue14 §ä¨ì¡D
   
2.5 ¤£¤ä´©ªº¦ê¦CµwÅé

   «ÅºÙ``Winmodems''ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¨Ò¦p USR Sportster Winmodem ¤Î IBM Aptiva
   MWAVE¡A µLªk¦b Linux ¤W¨Ï¥Î¡D³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨ã¦³±Mªùªº³]­p»Ý­n¯S§Oªº
   Windows ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡D ÁקK¨Ï¥Î³o¼Ëªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A°ò©ó¬Û¦P²z¥Ñ¤]§O¨Ï¥Î
   »Ý­n Rockwell RPI ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D
   
   ¨S¦³ Linux ©Ò»ÝÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº´¼¼z«¬¦ê¦C°ð¤]¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î¡D
   
3. ¦ê¦C°ðªº¦WºÙ¬O¤°»ò?

   ¤@­Ó¿é¥X/¤J(I/O)°ð¬O¥Î¨Ó±N¸ê®Æ°e¤J¹q¸£¤Î±q¹q¸£¨ú¥Xªº³q¸ô¡D ¦³³\¦hºØÃþªº
   ¿é¥X/¤J°ð¡A¨Ò¦p¦ê¦C°ð¡A¥­¦æ°ð¡AºÏºÐ±±¨î¾¹¡A¤A¤Óºô¸ô¥dµ¥µ¥¡D §Ú­Ì­n³B²z
   ªº¬O¦ê¦C°ð¡A¦]¬°¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤Î²×ºÝ¾÷¬O¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m¡D ¨C¤@­Ó¦ê¦C°ð¥²¶·¦³¤@­Ó¿é¥X/
   ¤J¦ì§}¡A¥H¤Î¤@­Ó´¡Â_¸¹½X(IRQ)¡D ¦³¥|­Ó¦ê¦C³]³Æ¹ïÀ³¨ì COM1 - COM4:
   
ttyS0 (COM1) address 0x3f8 IRQ 4
ttyS1 (COM2) address 0x2f8 IRQ 3
ttyS2 (COM3) address 0x3e8 IRQ 4
ttyS3 (COM4) address 0x2e8 IRQ 3

   ¦pªG Linux ±Ò°Ê®É¨S¦³°»´ú¨ì¥ô¦ó¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m¡A½Ð½T©w¦b½sĶ®Ö¤ß®É¦³¥[¤J¦ê¦C¤ä
   ´©¡D ¦b³o¥÷¤å¥ó¤¤¡A§Ú¬O¥H ttyS0 °Ñ·Ó COM1¡AttyS1 °Ñ·Ó COM2¡A¥H ttyS2 °Ñ
   ·Ó COM3 ¡A¦Ó¥H ttyS3 °Ñ·Ó COM4¡D ª`·N³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¹w³]ªº IRQ ¬O­«Å|ªº¡D§AµL
   ªk¥Ñ³o¨Ç¹w³]­È¨Ï¥Î©Ò¦³ªº¦ê¦C°ð¡A§A¥²¶·­«·s«ü©w¤£¦Pªº IRQ¡D °Ñ¨£ [51]§Ú
   ¯à¨Ï¥Î¶W¹L¨â­Óªº¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m¶Ü? ¤@¸`»¡©ú¦p¦ó³]©w IRQ¡D
   
   ¬Y¨Ç¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡·|«Ø¥ß¨â­ÓÃB¥~ªº³]³Æ¡Aµ¹§A¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨Ï¥Îªº /dev/modem ¥H¤Îµ¹§A
   ·Æ¹«¨Ï¥Îªº /dev/mouse¡D ¥¦­Ì³£¬OÃìµ²¨ì§A¦b¦w¸Ë®É©Ò«ü©w¾A·í /dev ¸Ìªº³]
   ³Æªº²Å¸¹Ãìµ²¡]°£«D§A¥Îªº¬O¶×¬y±Æ·Æ¹«(bus mouse) ¡A¨º»ò /dev/mouse ±N·|
   «ü¨ì¶×¬y±Æ·Æ¹«³o­Ó³]³Æ¡^¡D
   
   ¤w¸g¦³¨ÇÃö©ó¨Ï¥Î /dev/mouse ¥H¤Î /dev/modem Àu¯ÊÂIªº°Q½×¡D §Ú±j¯P¦a¤Ï¹ï
   ¨Ï¥Î³o¨ÇÃìµ²¡A¦pªG§A¥´ºâ¥Î§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±µ¨ü¼·±µªº¸Ü¡A­n¬O§A¨Ï¥Î¤F
   /dev/modem ¨º»ò§A±N·|¦]¬°Âê©wÀÉ®×(lock files)µLªk¥¿½T¹B§@¦Ó¾D¹J¨ì§xÃø¡D
   ¦pªG§A³ßÅw¥¦­Ìªº¸Ü´N¥Î§a¡A¦ý¬O­n½T©w¥¦­Ì«ü¦V¥¿½Tªº³]³Æ¡D µM¦Ó¡A¦pªG§A§ï
   Åܩΰ£¥h³o­Ó³sµ²¡A¬Y¨ÇÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡(¨Ò¦p minicom)¥i¯à­n­«·s³]©w¡D
   
3.1 ¦b /dev ¸Ìªº¦ê¦C³]³Æ¤Î¥D­n©M¦¸­n¸¹½X

/dev/ttyS0 major 4, minor 64    /dev/cua0 major 5, minor 64
/dev/ttyS1 major 4, minor 65    /dev/cua1 major 5, minor 65
/dev/ttyS2 major 4, minor 66    /dev/cua2 major 5, minor 66
/dev/ttyS3 major 4, minor 67    /dev/cua3 major 5, minor 67

   ­nª`·N¨ì©Ò¦³ªºµo¦æ®M¥ó³£À³¸Ó¤w¸g¥¿½T¦a«Ø¥ß¤F³o¨Ç³]³Æ¡D §A¥i¥H¥Î¤UªkÀË
   ¬d:
   
linux% ls -l /dev/cua*
linux% ls -l /dev/ttyS*

  ¦b /dev ¤¤«Ø¥ß³]³Æ
  
   ¦pªG§A¨S¦³¨ä¤¤ªº¤@­Ó³]³Æ¡A§A¥²¶·¦Û¤v¥Î mknod «ü¥O«Ø¥ß¥¦¡D ¨Ò¦p¡A°²©w§A
   »Ý­n«Ø¥ß ttyS0 ³]³Æ¡G
   
linux# mknod -m 666 /dev/cua0 c 5 64
linux# mknod -m 666 /dev/ttyS0 c 4 64

   §A¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î MAKEDEV ³o­Ó«ü¥O½Z¡A¦b /dev ¤UÀ³¸Ó·|¦³¡D ³o²¤Æ¤F³]³Æªº«Ø
   ¥ß¡D¨Ò¦p¡A¦pªG§A»Ý­n«Ø¥ß ttyS0 ³]³Æ«hÀ³¸Ó¿é¤J¡G
   
linux# cd /dev
linux# ./MAKEDEV ttyS0

   ³o±N·|³B²zÃö©ó³s½u¶i¨Ó¥H¤Î³s½u¥X¥hªº³]³Æ¤§«Ø¥ß¡A¨Ã³]©w¥¿½TªºÅv­­¡D
   
3.2 ¤@¯ë¦h°ðªOªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ

   §Aªº¦h°ðªO©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº³]³Æµø§A¨Ï¥Î¨º¤@ºØ¦h°ðªO¦Ó©w¡D ³o¨Ç²Ó¸`¸Ô²Ó¦C¦bÀHªþ©ó
   setserial µ{¦¡ªº rc.serial ¸Ì­±¡D ¦pªG§A¹Á¸Õ¨Ï¥Î¦h°ðªOªº¸Ü§Ú±j¯P«Øij§A
   ¨ú±o³Ì·sª©¥»ªº setserial¡D §A¥i¯à·|»Ý­n«Ø¥ß³o¨Ç³]³Æ¡DµL½×¬O¥Î mknod «ü
   ¥O©Î¬O MAKEDEV «ü¥O½Z³£¥i¥H¡D ¦h°ðªO©Ò¥Î³]³Æ¬O¥H¥[¤W ``64 + °ð¸¹'' ¨Ó«Ø
   ¥ßªº¡D©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG§A·Q¬° ttyS17 «Ø¥ß³]³Æ¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¿é¤J¡G
   
linux# mknod -m 666 /dev/cua17 c 5 81
linux# mknod -m 666 /dev/ttyS17 c 4 81

   ­nª`·N¨ì ''64 + 17 = 81''¡D¨Ï¥Î MAKEDEV «ü¥O½Zªº¸Ü¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¿é¤J¡G
   
linux# cd /dev
linux# ./MAKEDEV ttyS17

   ª`·N: SIIG ªº IO1812 ¤â¥U¤W¦C¥Xªº COM5-COM8 ¬O¿ùªº¡D¥¦­ÌÀ³¸Ó¬O
   COM5=0x250, COM6=0x258, COM7=0x260, ¥H¤Î COM8=0x268¡D
   
   ª`·N: Digi PC/8 Interrupt Status Register ¬O 0x140¡D
   
   ª`·N: ¹ï©ó AST Fourport¡A§A¥²¶·¦b rc.serial ¤¤«ü©w skip_test¡D
   
3.3 ´¼¼z«¬¦h°ðªOªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ

   ¾\ŪÀHªþÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦Ó¨Óªº¸ê°T¡D ³o¨ÇªO¨Ï¥Î¤F¯S®íªº¸Ë¸m¡A¦Ó«D¼Ð·Çªº¡D³o¨Ç¸ê
   °Tµø§AªºµwÅé¦Ó©w¡D
   
4. §AÀ³ª¾¹Dªº¦³½ìµ{¦¡

4.1 ¤°»ò¬O getty?

   getty ¬O¦b§Añ¤J Unix ¾÷¾¹ªº®É­Ô³B²zñ¤Jµ{§Çªº¤@¤äµ{¦¡¡D ¦pªG§A§Æ±æ§Aªº
   Linux ¾÷¾¹¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·¤Jªº¸Ü§A·|»Ý­n getty¡D ¦pªG§A¥u»Ý­n¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·
   ¥Xªº¸Ü§A¤£»Ý­n¥Î getty¡D ¦³¤TºØ¸g±`°t¦X Linux ¨Ï¥Îªºª©¥»: getty_ps,
   mgetty ¥H¤Î agetty¡D ³o¨Çµ{¦¡ªº»yªk¬O¤£¦Pªº¡A©Ò¥H¤£½×§A¥Î¤°»ò getty ½Ð
   ½T©w§A¨Ï¥Î¤F¥¿½Tªº»yªk¡D
   
  Ãö©ó getty_ps
  
   ¤j³¡¤À Linux ¦w¸Ë®M¥ó³£¦w¸Ë¤F getty_ps ®M¥ó¡D¥¦¥]§t¤F¨â­Óµ{¦¡: getty ¬O
   ¥Ñ¥D±±¥x¡A¥H¤Î²×ºÝ¾÷³]³Æ©Ò¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó uugetty «h¬O¥Ñ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¡D ¦]¬°
   §Ú¥»¨­¬O¨Ï¥Î³o­Óª©¥»ªº getty¡A©Ò¥H¦b³o¥÷¤å¥ó¤¤§Ú±N·|µÛ­«©ó¦¹®M¥ó¡D
   
  Ãö©ó mgetty
  
   mgetty ¬O¤@­Ó¦b¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤W¨Ï¥Îªº getty ª©¥»¡D °£¤F¯à°÷¤¹³\ñ¤J¤§¥~¡A
   mgetty ¤]´£¨Ñ¶Ç¯u(FAX)¤ä´©¤Î¦Û°Ê PPP °»´ú¡D ³o®M mgetty ªº¤å¥ó¼g±o¬Û·í
   ¦a¦n¡A¦]¦Ó¤£»Ý­n¦A¸É¥R¤°»ò¡D½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¥¦ªº¦w¸Ë»¡©ú¡D §A¤]¥i¥H¦b
   [52]http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty/ §ä¨ì mgetty ªº³Ì·s¸ê°T¡D
   
  Ãö©ó agetty
  
   agetty ¬O²Ä¤TºØ getty ÅÜ«¬¡D ¥¦¬O getty ¤@­Ó²³æªº¡A§¹¾ãªº¥\¯à¹ê§@¡A¾A
   ¦X¥Î¦bµêÀÀ¥D±±¥x©Î²×ºÝ¾÷¦Ó«D¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤W¡D
   
4.2 ¤°»ò¬O setserial?

   setserial ¬O¤@¤ä¥i¥HÅý§A¬d¬Ý¨Ã­×§ï¦ê¦C³]³Æ¦UºØÄݩʪºµ{¦¡¡A¥]¬A¥¦­Ì©Ò¨Ï
   ¥Îªº°ð¦ì§}¡A¤¤Â_¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦¦ê¦C°ð¿ï¶µ¡D §A¥i¥HÂǥѰõ¦æ¤£¥[°Ñ¼Æªº
   setserial ¨ÓÀò¨úª©¥»°T®§¡D
   
   ¦b§Aªº Linux ¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¡A¥u¦³ ttyS{0-3} ·|¥H¹w³]ªº IRQ 4 ¥H¤Î 3 ¨Ó¶i¦æ
   °t¸m¡D ©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG§A¦³¥ô¦ó¥Ñ¨ä¥¦¬É­±¥d´£¨Ñªº¦ê¦C°ð©Î¬O ttyS{0-3} ¨Ï¥Î«D
   ¼Ð·ÇªºµwÅ餤Â_(IRQ)ªº¸Ü¡A §A¥²¶·¥Î³o¤äµ{¦¡¨Ó°t¸m³o¨Ç¦ê¦C°ð¡D­nª¾¹D©Ò¦³
   ªº¿ï¶µ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò½u¤W¤â¥U¡D
   
5. §Ú«ç»ò¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·¸¹¥X¥h?

5.1 µwÅé»Ý¨D

   ­º¥ý¡A­n½T©w§A¾Ö¦³¥¿½Tªº³s±µ½u¡D§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷»Ý­n¤@±øª½±µªº (straight
   through) ³s±µ½u¡A¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¸õ½u (no pins crossed)¡D ¥ô¦ó¤@®a¹q¸£°Ó©±³£¦³
   ¡D­n½T©w±µÀYªº§Î¦¡¬O¹ïªº¡D¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Îªº¬O DB25 ¦ê¦C°ð¡A¥¦À³¸Ó¬O¤½ªº
   DB25 ±µÀY¡D §â§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±µ¨ì¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¦ê¦C°ð¤W¡D¦pªG§A»Ý­nÃö©ó³o­Ó°Ê§@ªº
   »²§U»¡©ú½Ð°Ñ¦Ò§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤â¥U¡D
   
  ¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ª`·N¨Æ¶µ
  
   ¹ï©ó¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦Ó¨¥¡A§A¤£»Ý­n³s±µ½u¡D¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤£»Ý­n¦ê¦C°ð¡A¥¦¦Û¤v
   ¦³¤º«Ø¤@­Ó¡D §A¥u­n°t¸m¤@­Ó¨S¦³³Q¨Ï¥ÎªºµwÅ餤Â_µ¹¥¦¡A¨Ã¥B°t¸m¸Ó°ðªº¿é¥X
   ¤J¦ì§}¡D¦pªG§A¥d¦b¬Y­Ó°ÝÃD¤W½Ð°Ñ¦Ò§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤â¥U¡D ¦P¼Ë¡A¦pªG§A»Ý­nÃö©ó
   ¿ï¾Ü¤¤Â_¥H¤Î¦ì§}¤WªºÀ°§U¡A°Ñ¾\ [53]§Ú¯à¨Ï¥Î¶W¹L¨â­Óªº¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m¶Ü? ¤@¸`ªº
   »¡©ú¡D
   
   ¦b¬Y¨Ç¥D¾÷ªO¤W§A¥²¶·Ãö±¼³Q¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨ú¥Nªº¦ê¦C°ð¥HÁקK½Ä¬ð¡D ³o¥i¸g¥Ñ¸õ½u©Î
   BIOS ªº³]©w¨Ó¿ì¨ì¡Aµø§Aªº¥D¾÷ªO¦Ó©w¡D¬d¾\§Aªº¥D¾÷ªO¤â¥U¡D
   
   ¥Ñ©ó IBM8514 µø°T¥dªº¤@­Ó¿ù»~¡A¦pªG§A·Q­n±N§Aªº¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³]¦b ttyS3
   ªº¸Ü¥i¯à·|¾D¹J¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD¡D ¦pªG Linux ¨S¦³°»´ú¨ì§A³]¦b ttyS3 ¤Wªº¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ
   ¾Ú¾÷¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î setserial µ{¦¡¨Ó³]©wµM«á¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±N·|¥¿±`¹B§@¡D ³]¦b
   ttyS{0-2} ¤Wªº¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦b°»´ú¤WÀ³¸Ó¤£·|¦³¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡D ¥Ñ©ó¦¹µø°T¥dªº¿ù
   »~ Linux ¦b ttyS3 ¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¦Û°Ê°»´úªº°Ê§@¡D
   
5.2 »P§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥æ½Í

   ¦b§A¨Ï¥Î½ÆÂøªº³q°Tµ{¦¡¦p SLIP ©Î PPP ¤§«e¥ý¥H kermit ©Î¨ä¥¦Â²³æªº³q°Tµ{
   ¦¡¨Ó´ú¸Õ³o¨Ç³]©w¡D §A¥i¥H±q [54]http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ ¥H¤Î¬M
   ®g¸`ÂI¤W§ä¨ì³Ì·sªº kermit ª©¥»¡D ¨Ò¦p¡A­n¬O§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³]¦b ttyS3 ¤W¡A¦Ó
   ¥B¥i¥H±µ¨ü 115200 bps ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H³o¼Ë°µ:
   
linux# kermit
C-Kermit 6.0.192, 6 Sep 96, for Linux
 Copyright (C) 1985, 1996,
  Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York.
Default file-transfer mode is BINARY
Type ? or HELP for help.
C-Kermit>set line /dev/ttyS3
C-Kermit>set carrier-watch off
C-Kermit>set speed 115200
/dev/ttyS3, 115200 bps
C-Kermit>c
Connecting to /dev/ttyS3, speed 115200.
The escape character is Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS)
Type the escape character followed by C to get back,
or followed by ? to see other options.
ATE1Q0V1                           ; ³o¬O§AÁä¤Jªº¨Ã«ö¤U Enter Áä
OK                                 ; ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷À³¸Ó¦^À³³o­Ó

   ¦pªG§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¹ï AT «ü¥O¸s¦³¦^À³¡A¨º»ò§A¥i¥H°²©w§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦b Linux ³o¤@
   ºÝ¯à¥¿½T¹B§@¡D ²{¦b¸ÕµÛ¼·µ¹¥t¤@¥x¼Æ¾Ú¾÷:
   
ATDT7654321

   ¨ä¤¤ 7654321 ¬O¤@­Ó¹q¸Ü¸¹½X¡D¦pªG§Aªº¬O¯ß½Ä½u¸ô(pulse line)ªº¸Ü¥Î ATDP
   ¦Ó¤£¬O ATDT¡D ¦pªG¥i¥H¼·±o¥X¥h¡A§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷´N¥i¥¿±`¹B§@¡D
   
   ¦^¨ì kermit ªº´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¤U¡A«ö¦í Ctrl Áä¡A«ö¤U \ (backslash) ¿ý¡AµM«á©ñ¶}
   Ctrl ¿ý¡A¦A«ö¤U C Áä:
   
Ctrl-\-C
(Back at linux)
C-Kermit>quit
linux#

   ³o­Ó¤£¹L¬O¥Î"¤â°Ê"¤è¦¡ªº¼·¸¹´ú¸Õ¡D¥¿±`ªº¤èªk¬OÅý kermit ¥Î¥¦¤º«Øªº¼Æ¾Ú
   ¾÷¸ê®Æ®w¦Û°Ê¬°§A¼·¸¹¡A¨Ò¦p¡A¨Ï¥Î US Robotics (USR) modem:
   
linux# kermit
C-Kermit 6.0.192, 6 Sep 1997, for Linux
 Copyright (C) 1985, 1996,
  Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York.
Default file-transfer mode is BINARY
Type ? or HELP for help
C-Kermit>set modem type usr        ; ¿ï¾Ü¼Æ¾Ú¾÷«¬¦¡
C-Kermit>set line /dev/ttyS3       ; ¿ï¾Ü³q°T¸Ë¸m
C-Kermit>set speed 115200          ; ³]©w³q°T³t«×
C-Kermit>dial 7654321              ; ¼·¸¹
 Number: 7654321
 Device=/dev/ttyS3, modem=usr, speed=115200
 Call completed.<BEEP>
Connecting to /dev/ttyS3, speed 115200
The escape character is Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS).
Type the escape character followed by C to get back,
or followed by ? to see other options.

Welcome to ...

login:

   ¦pªG§A»Ý­n¤@¨Ç«ü¤Þ¡A¬d¾\¦³Ãö [55]³q°T³nÅé ¤@¸`»¡©ú¡D
   
   ·í§A¥Î§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·¸¹¥X¥h®É¡A±N§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³]¨ì¥¦©Ò¯à¤ä´©ªº³Ì°ª³t«×¡D
   Linux ªº libc 5.x ª©¥H¤W¤w¸g¤ä´©¨ì 115200 bps¡D libc ³q±`©ñ¦b /lib¡A¦]
   ¦¹¨ì¨º¸Ì¬Ý¤@¤U§A¥Î¤°»òª©¥»¡D ¦pªG Linux µLªk»{±o 57600 ©Î 115200 bps¡A
   ¨º»ò§A¥²¶·¥Î setserial µ{¦¡¨Ó±N§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð³]¨ì§ó°ªªº³t«×¡D Ãö©ó­n«ç»ò³]
   ©w°Ñ¾\ [56]¦p¦ó±N§Úªº¦ê¦C°ð³]©w¬°§ó°ª³t«×? ¸Ó¸`»¡©ú¡D µM«á¦b³q°Tµ{¦¡¸Ì
   ±N³t«×³]¨ì 38400 bps¡D
   
5.3 ¼·¥X¥Îªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°t¸m

   ¥u­n¼·¸¹¥X¥hªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¥ô·N¥H§A·Q­nªº¤è¦¡°t¸m§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D ¦pªG§A­pµe¥Î
   §Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨Ó±µ¨ü¼·±µ¡A¨º»ò§A¥²¶·±N§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°t¸m¦¨»P§A·Q­n°õ¦æªº getty
   ¦b¬Û¦P³t«×³]©w¤U¡D ©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG§A·Q­n¦b 38400 bps ªº³t«×¤U°õ¦æ getty ªº¸Ü
   ¡A¦b°t¸m§A¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº®É­Ô±N³t«×³]¦¨ 38400 bps¡D ³o¼Ë°µ¬O¬°¤FÁקK§Aªº¹q¸£»P
   ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤§¶¡ªº³t«×µLªk°t¦X¡D ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¶}±Ò¿ù»~®Õ¥¿¤ÎµwÅé¬y¶q±±¨îªº¥X¼t³]
   ©w­È¬O³Ì¾A¦X¼·¥X¥Îªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A³o¨Ç³]©w­È¥i¬d¾\§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤â¥U¡D
   
5.4 µwÅé¬y¶q±±¨î

   ¦pªG§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤ä´©µwÅé¬y¶q±±¨î(RTS/CTS)ªº¸Ü¡A §Ú±j¯P¦a«Øij§A¥h¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡D
   ³o¹ï©ó¤ä´©¸ê®ÆÀ£ÁYªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±N®æ¥~­«­n¡D­º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·¦b¦ê¦C°ð¥»¨­¤W­±±Ò°Ê
   RTS/CTS ¬y¶q±±¨î¥\¯à¡D ³o³Ì¦n¬O¦b±Ò°Ê¨t²Îªº®É­Ô°µ¡A¹³¬O©ñ¦b
   /etc/rc.d/rc.local ©Î¬O /etc/rc.d/rc.serial ¸Ì­±¡D ­n½T©w³o¨ÇÀÉ®×·|³Q¥D
   ­nªº rc.sysinit ÀÉ®×°õ¦æ¡I§A»Ý­n¹ï¨C¤@­Ó§A·Q­n±Ò°ÊµwÅé¬y¶q±±¨îªº¦ê¦C°ð
   °õ¦æ¤U¦C¾Þ§@¡G
   
stty crtscts < /dev/ttyS3

   §A¤]¥²¶·¦b§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤W±Ò°Ê RTC/CTS ¬y¶q±±¨î¡D­n«ç»ò°µ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤â
   ¥U¡A¦]¬°³o¦b¤£¦Pªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷»s³y°Ó¤§¶¡¬O¤£¦Pªº¡D ¦pªG§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤ä´©³]©wÀx¦s
   ªº¸Ü«h­n½T©w±N°t¸m¦s¤J§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D
   
6. §Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥H getty_ps ¼·¤J¤Î¼·¥X?

   Åý§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¯à°÷¥¿½T¦a¼·¸¹¥X¥h¡D¦pªG§AÁÙ¨S¦³Åª¹L [57]§Ú«ç»ò¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·¸¹
   ¥X¥h ¤@¸`ªº¸Ü²{¦b¥hŪ¡I ¥¦¥]§t¦³«D±`­«­nªº³]©w¸ê°T¡D¦pªG§A¥u·Q¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷
   ¨Ó¼·¥Xªº¸Ü§A¤£»Ý­nŪ¦¹¸`¡D
   
6.1 ¼·¤J¤Î¼·¥Xªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°t¸m

   ­n¥Î¨Ó±µ¨ü¼·±µ¥H¤Î¼·¸¹¥X¥hªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò§A¥²¶·½T¹ê¦a³]©w§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡]¦A¤@¦¸
   ¹ï§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨Ï¥Î AT «ü¥O¸s¡^¡G
   
E1       ¥»¦a¦^À³«ü¥O
Q0       ¦^³øµ²ªG¦^À³
V1       ¶}±Ò¤¾ªø¼Ò¦¡
S0=0     ¤£­n±µÅ¥ (uugetty ¥H WAITFOR ¿ï¶µ¨Ó³B²z)

   ¦pªG§A¨S¦³¥¿½T¦a³]©w¡A©ñ¦b§A°t¸mÀɸ̪º°_©l(INIT)¦r¦ê¥i¯à·|¥¢±Ñ¡A¦]¦Ó°±
   ¦í¾ã­Óµ{§Ç¡D ¦ý¬O¡A¤U­±¦³§ó¦h°t¸mÀɪº¿ï¶µ...
   
&C1     DCD ¥u¦³¦b³s½u¥H«á¤~¶}±Ò
&S0     DSR ¥Ã»·¬°¶}±Ò
        DTR ¶}±Ò/Ãö³¬ ­«¸m¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡]¬O¼Æ¾Ú¾÷»s³y°Ó¦Ó©w - RTFM)

   ³o¨Ç·|¼vÅT§A¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦³Ãö¶}©l¥H¤Îµ²§ô¼·¸¹ªº°Ê§@¡D
   
   ¦pªG§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤£¤ä´©Àx¦s³]©w¡A§A¥i¥H³z¹L¦b§A°t¸mÀɸ̪º°_©l¦r¦ê¨Ó³]©w³o
   ¨ÇªF¦è¡D °Ñ¾\¤U­±©Ò­z¡D¦³¤@¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¬O¥H DIP ¶}Ãö¨Ó¼vÅT¼È¦s¾¹ªº³]©w¡A¤]
   ­n½T©w³o¨Ç³]©w¬O¥¿½Tªº¡D
   
   §Ú¤w¸g¶}©lµÛ¤â¦¬¶°¤£¦PºØÃþ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº³]©w¡D ¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡A§ÚÁÙ¥u¦³¥¦­Ìªº¤@¤p
   ³¡¤À¡A¦pªG§A·Q­n±H°eµ¹§Ú§A¥Ø«e©Ò¥Î°t¸m¡A«D±`Åwªï! §A¥i¥H±q³o¨Ç¨ú±o³]¨Ç
   ³]©w: [58]ftp://ftp.cc.gatech.edu/pub/people/gregh/modem-configs¡D
   
   ª`·N: ¬°¤FÅý§Úªº USR Courier V.34 ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦b DTR °T¸¹±¼¤U¥h«á¥¿±`¦a­«¸m¡A
   §Ú¥²¶·³]©w &D2 ¤Î S13=1(³o¬O³]©w¼È¦s¾¹ S13 ªº bit 0)¡D³o½T©w¯à¦b USR
   Sportster V.34 ¤W¹B§@¥¿±`¡D
   
   ª`·N: ¬Y¨Ç Supra ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³B²z DCD °T¸¹ªº¤è¦¡²§©ó¨ä¥¦ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D ¦pªG§A¦b¥Î
   Supra ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¸ÕµÛ³]©w¬° &C0 ¦Ó¤£¬O &C1¡D §A¤]¥²¶·³]©w &D2 ¨Ï¤§¥¿±`¦a³B
   ²z DTR °T¸¹¡D
   
6.2 ¦w¸Ë getty_ps

   ±q [59]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/serial ³Ì·sªºª©¥»¡D ¯S§O
   ¦a¡A¦pªG§A·Q¨Ï¥Î°ª³t³q°T(57600 ©Î 115200 bps)¡A§A¥²¶·¨ú±o 2.0.7j ©Î¥H«á
   ªºª©¥»¡D §A¤]¥²¶·¦³ libc 5.x ©Î¤§«áªºª©¥»¡D
   
   ¨Ì·Ó¹w³]­È¡Agetty_ps ±N·|·Ó Linux ªºÀɮרt²Î¼Ð·Ç(FSSTND, File System
   Standard)¨Ó°t¸m¡A³o­Ó·N«ä¬O¤G¶i¦ì½X±N·|©ñ¦b /sbin ¤U¡A¦Ó°t¸mÀɱN·|¥H
   /etc/conf.{uu}getty.ttySN ¨Ó©R¦W¡D ³oÂI¨Ã¤£¯à±q¤å¥ó±Ô­z¤¤§ä¨ì¡I¥¦¤]·|°²
   ©w lock files ±N±o­n©ñ¨ì /var/lock ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡D­n½T©w§A¦³ /var/lock ³o­Ó¥Ø
   ¿ý¡D
   
   ¦pªG§A¤£·Q¨Ì·Ó FSSTND ªº¸Ü¡A¤G¶i¦ì½X±N·|©ñ¨ì /etc ¸Ì­±¡A¦Ó°t¸mÀɱN·|©ñ
   ¨ì /etc/default/{uu}getty.ttySN ¸Ì­±¡A¦Ó lock files «h±N·|©ñ¨ì
   /usr/spool/uucp ¸Ì­±¡D ¦pªG§A¦³¨Ï¥Î UUCP ªº¸Ü¨º»ò§Ú«Øij³o¼Ë°µ¡A¦]¬°¦pªG
   §A§â lock files ·h¨ì UUCP µLªk§ä¨ìªº¦a¤è¥h¨º»ò¥¦±N·|¥X°ÝÃDªº¡D
   
   getty_ps ¤]¥i¨Ï¥Î syslogd ¨Ó°O¿ý°T®§¡D¦pªG§A¥Ø«e¨S¦³°õ¦æ¥¦ªº¸Ü¡A°Ñ¾\
   syslogd(1) ¥H¤Î syslog.conf(5) ªº½u¤W¤â¥U¨Ó³]©w syslogd¡D °T®§·|Àu¥ý¥H
   LOG_AUTH °O¿ý¡A¿ù»~¨Ï¥Î LOG_ERR °O¿ý¡A¦Ó°£¿ù¨Ï¥Î LOG_DEBUG¡D ¦pªG§A¤£·Q
   ¨Ï¥Î syslogd ªº¸Ü¨º»ò§A¥i¥H½s¿è¦b getty_ps ­ì©lÀɮ׸̪º tune.h ¥Î¤@­Ó°O
   ¿ýÀɨӨú¥N¡A¹w³]ÀɦW¬° /var/adm/getty.log¡D
   
   ¨M©w¦n¬O§_­n¨Ì·Ó FSSTND ¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î syslog¡D§A¤]¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¨âªÌªº²Õ¦X¡D ½s¿è
   Makefile¡Atune.h ¥H¤Î config.h ¨Ó¤ÏÀ³§A©Ò§@ªº¨M©w¡D µM«á¡A®Ú¾Ú®M¥ó¸Ìªº
   »¡©ú½sĶ¤Î¦w¸Ë¡D
   
   ±q²{¦b°_¡A©Ò¦³½Í¨ì getty ªº¦a¤è³£¬O«ü getty_ps ¦Ó¨¥¡D ½Í¨ì uugetty «h¬O
   «ü getty_ps ®M¥ó¸Ìªº uugetty ¦Ó¨¥¡D ³o¨Ç«ü¥O¦b mgetty ©Î agetty ¤W±N¤£
   ¯à¹B§@¡D
   
6.3 ³]©w uugetty

   ¬°¤F­n¯à±q§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·¤J¤Î¼·¥X¡A§Ú­Ì·Q­n¥Î uugetty¡Duugetty °õ¦æ«Ü­«­n
   ªº lock file Àˬd¡D ¦pªG¨S¦³ªº¸Ü§ó·s /etc/gettydefs ¥H«K¬°¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼W¥[¶µ
   ¥Ø(ª`·N¨ì³o¸Ìªº¶µ¥Ø¤¬¬Û°Ñ¦Ò¡A¥¦­Ì¨Ã«D©T©w³t«× - ¨C­Ó¶µ¥Ø¤§¶¡ªºªÅ¥Õ¦æ¬O
   ¥²­nªº):
   
# Modem entries
115200# B115200 CS8 # B115200 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL #@S @L @B login: #57600

57600# B57600 CS8 # B57600 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL #@S @L @B login: #38400

38400# B38400 CS8 # B38400 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL #@S @L @B login: #19200

19200# B19200 CS8 # B19200 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL #@S @L @B login: #9600

9600# B9600 CS8 # B9600 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL #@S @L @B login: #2400

2400# B2400 CS8 # B2400 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL #@S @L @B login: #115200

   ¦pªG§A¦³ 9600 bps ©Î§ó§Ö¥B¨ã¸ê®ÆÀ£ÁY¥\¯àªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A§A¥i¥HÂê©w§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð
   ³t«×¦ÓÅý¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥h³B²z¶Ç¿éªº¨ä¥¦³t«×¡D µM«á¡A¤£¹³¤W­±¦b /etc/gettydefs ¸Ì
   ªº¤@³s¦ê¦Cªí¡A¥u»Ý¬°¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥[¤W¤@¦æ¡A¨Ò¦p:
   
# 115200 fixed speed
F115200# B115200 CS8 # B115200 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL #@S @L @B login: #F115200

   ¦pªG§A±N§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³]¦¨ RTS/CTS °õ¦æµwÅé¬y¶q±±¨îªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò§A¥i¥H±N
   CRTSCTS ¥[¨ì³o¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¸Ì¡G
   
# 115200 fixed speed with hardware flow control
F115200# B115200 CS8 CRTSCTS # B115200 SANE -ISTRIP HUPCL CRTSCTS #@S @L @B log
in: #F115200

   ¦pªG§A­nªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥HÅý uugetty ¦bñ¤J®Éªº¼ÐÃD¤W¦L¥X¨Ç¦³½ìªºªF¦è¡D ¦b§Ú
   ªº¨Ò¤l¸Ì¡A§Ú¦L¥X¨t²Î¦WºÙ¡A¦ê¦C½u¸ô¡A¥H¤Î¥Ø«eªº¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v¡D §A¥i¥H¥[
   ¤J¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦è¡G
   
       @B    ¥Ø«eªº¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v(bps, ¦b¬Ý¨ì @B ®É¦ô­pªº)¡D
       @D    ²{¦b¤é´Á, ®æ¦¡ MM/DD/YY¡D
       @L    getty ©Ò³s±µªº¦ê¦C½u¸ô¡D
       @S    ¨t²Î¦WºÙ¡D
       @T    ²{¦b®É¶¡¡A®æ¦¡ HH:MM:SS (24 ¤p®É¨î)¡D
       @U    ¥Ø«eñ¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡D³o¬O¦b /etc/utmp Àɤ¤«DªÅ ut_name Äæ¦ì¶µ¥Øªº­p¼Æ
­È¡D
       @V    ª©¥»­È¡A¦b¹w³]Àɤ¤µ¹©wªº¡D
       ¦pªG­nÅã¥Ü '@' ²Å¸¹ªº¸Ü¡A¥Î '\@' ©Î '@@'¡D

   ±µ¤U¨Ó¡A½T©w§A¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Ò±µªº¦ê¦C°ð¦³¿é¥X¤Î¿é¤Jªº³]³Æ¡D ¦pªG§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³]¦b
   ttyS3 ªº¸Ü§A±N·|»Ý­n /dev/cua3¡A¥H¤Î /dev/ttyS3 ³o¨â­Ó³]³Æ¡D ¦pªG§A¨S¦³
   ¥¿½Tªº³]³Æ¡A°Ñ¾\ [60]¦b /dev ¤¤«Ø¥ß³]³Æ ¸Ó¸`»¡©ú¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß³]³Æ¡A¨Ã¥B«Ø¥ß
   ³o¨Ç³]³Æ¡D ¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¦b§Aªº uugetty ¥¿¦bºÊµø³o­Ó¦ê¦C°ð¬O§_¦³¤Hñ¤J®ÉÁÙ
   ¯à°÷¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¼·¥Xªº¸Ü¡A¥Î /dev/cuaN ³]³Æ¦Ó¤£­n¥Î /dev/ttySN¡D
   
   ·í§A¥¿¦b½s¿è /etc/gettydefs ®É¡A§A¥i¥H³o¼Ë¨ÓÀˬd¥¦ªº»yªk¬O§_¥¿½T:
   
linux# getty -c /etc/gettydefs

6.4 ¦Û­q uugetty

   §A¦³³\¦h°Ñ¼Æ¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó§ïÅܧA©Ò¾Ö¦³ªº¨C¤@­Ó°ð¡D³o¨Ç¬O¥H¤À§O¹ï¨C¤@­Ó°ð¨Ï¥Î
   ¤£¦P°t¸mÀɪº¤è¦¡¨Ó¹ê§@ªº¡D ³o­Ó /etc/conf.uugetty ÀÉ®×·|³Q©Ò¦³ªº
   uugetty ¦æµ{©Ò¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó /etc/conf.uugetty.ttySN ¥u¥Ñ¨º­Ó°ð¨Ï¥Î¡D ¹w³]ªº
   °t¸mÀɽd¨Ò¥i¥H¦b getty_ps ªº­ì©lÀɮ׸̧ä¨ì¡A³o¦bµ´¤j³¡¤Àªº Linux µo¦æ®M
   ¥ó¸Ì­±³£·|¦³¡D ¦]¬°½g´Tªº¦Ò¶q¡A¨S¦³§â¥¦­Ì¦C¦b³o¸Ì¡D ­nª`·Nªº¬O¦pªG§A¥Î
   ªº¬O¤ñ¸ûªº getty ª©¥»(¤ñ 2.0.7e ª©ÁÙÂÂ)¡A©ÎªÌ¬O§A¨S¦³¨Ì·Ó FSSTND ªº¸Ü
   ¡A¨º»ò¹w³]ªºÀÉ®×±N·|¬O /etc/default/uugetty.ttySN¡D §Úªº
   /etc/conf.uugetty.ttyS3 ¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë:
   
# sample uugetty configuration file for a Hayes compatible modem to allow
# incoming modem connections
#
# alternate lock file to check... if this lock file exists, then uugetty is
# restarted so that the modem is re-initialized
ALTLOCK=cua3
ALTLINE=cua3
# line to initialize
INITLINE=cua3
# timeout to disconnect if idle...
TIMEOUT=60
# modem initialization string...
# format: <expect> <send> ... (chat sequence)
INIT="" AT\r OK\r\n
WAITFOR=RING
CONNECT="" ATA\r CONNECT\s\A
# this line sets the time to delay before sending the login banner
DELAY=1
#DEBUG=010

   ±N¤U­±¨º¤@¦æ¥[¨ì§Aªº /etc/inittab ¸Ì¥h¡A¨º»ò uugetty ´N·|¦b§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð¤W
   °õ¦æ(¥Î§AÀô¹Òªº¥¿½T¸ê°T¨Ó¨ú¥N - °t¸mÀɪº¦ì¸m¡A¦ê¦C°ð¦W¡A³t«×¡A¤Î¹w³]²×
   ºÝ¾÷§Î¦¡):
   
S3:456:respawn:/sbin/uugetty -d /etc/default/uugetty.ttyS3 ttyS3 F115200 vt100

   ­«·s±Ò°Ê init:
   
linux# init q

   ¹ï©ó¦b§A /etc/inittab ¸Ì­±ªº³t«×°Ñ¼Æ¡A§A·|§Æ±æ¨Ï¥Î§A¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Ò¯à¤ä´©ªº³Ì
   °ª¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v¡D
   
   ²{¦b Linux ±N·|ÀH®ÉºÊµø§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð¬O§_¦³³s½u¡D±q§Oªº¦a¤è¼·¸¹¨Ãñ¤J§Aªº
   Linux ¾÷¾¹¡D
   
   uugetty ÁÙ¦³§ó¦hªº¿ï¶µ¡A°Ñ¾\ getty (lm) ½u¤W¤â¥UÀò±o§ó§¹¾ãªº±Ô­z¡D §Oªº
   ¤£´£¥¦ÁÙ¦³±Æµ{(scheduling)ªº¥\¯à¡A¥H¤Î¦^¼·ªº¯à¤O¡D
   
7. §Ú«ç»ò³]©w²×ºÝ¾÷³s½u¨ì§Úªº PC ¤W?

   ¥»¸`ªº«ü¥Ü¯àÅý²×ºÝ¾÷¤Î¨ä¥¦¹q¸£³s¤W§Aªº Linux ¾÷¾¹ªº¦ê¦C°ð¡D
   
7.1 µwÅé»Ý¨D

   ­n½T©w§A¦³¤@±ø¥¿½Tªº³s±µ½u¡D¦b¹q¸£°Ó©±¶Rªº null modem ³s±µ½u´N¥i¥H³Ó¥ô
   ¡D ¦ý¬O¥¦¤@©w±o­n¬O¤@±ø null modem ½u¡I³\¦hªº¹q¸£¯¸±N³oÃþªº³s±µ½u»¡¦¨¬O
   ¦ê¦C¦Lªí±µ½u¡D ½T©w§A¬O¨Ï¥Î§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð¡A¤½ªº DB25 ©Î¬O DB9 ±µÀY¡A¦Ó¤£¬O
   §Aªº¨Ã¦C°ð(¥Àªº DB25 ©Î centronics)¡D
   
   ¹ï DB-25 ±µÀY¦Ó¨¥¡A¦Ü¤Ö§A±o­n¦³:

        PC male DB25                            Terminal DB25
        TxD   Transmit Data         2 --> 3     RxD   Receive Data
        RxD   Receive Data          3 <-- 2  TxD   Transmit Data
        SG    Signal Ground         7 --- 7     SG    Signal Ground

   ¦pªG§A·Q­n¾Ö¦³¬y¶q±±¨î¥H¤ÎµwÅé³s½u¨ó°Ó(handshaking)ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·­n¦³¤@±ø
   §¹¾ãªº null modem ±µ½u¡G
        PC male DB25                            Terminal DB25
        TxD   Transmit Data         2 --> 3     RxD   Receive Data
        RxD   Receive Data          3 <-- 2     TxD   Transmit Data
        RTS   Request To Send       4 --> 5     CTS   Clear To Send
        CTS   Clear To Send         5 <-- 4     RTS   Request To Send
        DSR   Data Set Ready        6
                                    |
        DCD   Carrier Detect        8 <-- 20    DTR   Data Terminal Ready
        SG    Signal Ground         7 --- 7     SG    Signal Ground
                                          6     DSR   Data Set Ready
                                          |
        DTR   Data Terminal Ready  20 --> 8     DCD   Carrier Detect

   ¦pªG§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð¤W¦³¤@­Ó DB9 ªº±µÀY¡A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¤U­±³o­Ó:
        PC DB9                                  Terminal DB25
        RxD   Receive Data          2 <-- 2  TxD   Transmit Data
        TxD   Transmit Data         3 --> 3     RxD   Receive Data
        SG    Signal Ground         5 --- 7     SG    Signal Ground

   ©ÎªÌ¡A¤@±ø§¹¾ãªº DB9 ¹ï DB25 null modem ³s±µ½u¡G
        PC DB9                                  Terminal DB25
        RxD   Receive Data          2 <-- 2     TxD   Transmit Data
        TxD   Transmit Data         3 --> 3     RxD   Receive Data
                                          6     DSR   Data Set Ready
                                          |
        DTR   Data Terminal Ready   4 --> 8     DCD   Carrier Detect
        GND   Signal Ground         5 --- 7     GND   Signal Ground
        DCD   Carrier Detect        1
                                    |
        DSR   Data Set Ready        6 <-- 20    DTR   Data Terminal Ready
        RTS   Request To Send       7 --> 5     CTS   Clear To Send
        CTS   Clear To Send         8 <-- 4     RTS   Request To Send
        (RI   Ring Indicator        9 not needed)

   (¨S¿ù! ²Ä¤G¤ä¤Î²Ä¤T¤ä¸}¦b DB9 ³s±µÀY¤W½T¹ê©M DB25 ±µÀY·N¸q¬Û¤Ï!)
   
   ¦pªG¨Ï¥Îªº¨Ã¤£¬O§¹¾ãªº null modem ³s±µ½uªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¯à±o­n°µ¤U­±³o­Ó´ÛÄF
   ªº§Þ¥©: ¦b§A¹q¸£³oÃ䪺±µÀY¤W¡A§â RTS ¸ò CTS ±µ¦b¤@°_¡A¦Ó¥B¤]§â DSR,
   DCD ¥H¤Î DTR ±µ¦b¤@°_¡D ¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¡A·í¹q¸£­n¨D¤@­Ó¥¿½TªºµwÅé³s½u¨ó°Ó«H
   ¸¹®É¡A¥¦´N¥i¥H±o¨ì(±q¥¦¦Û¤vµo¥Xªº)¡D
   
   ²{¦b§A¤w¸g¦³¥¿½Tªº³s±µ½u¡A§â§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷³s±µ¨ì§Aªº¹q¸£¤W¡D ¦pªG§A¥i¥Hªº¸Ü
   ¡A§i¶D§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷©¿²¤¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±±¨î«H¸¹¡D ¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¥Î 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1
   stop bit, no parity bits ¨Ó³]©w²×ºÝ¾÷¡D
   
7.2 ³]©w getty

   ¦b /etc/gettydefs ¸Ì­±¼W¥[¤@­Óµ¹ getty ¥Î¨Ó³s±µ§A²×ºÝ¾÷¶µ¥Ø¡A¦pªGÁÙ¨S¦³
   ³o¶µªº¸Ü:
   
# 38400 bps Dumb Terminal entry
DT38400# B38400 CS8 CLOCAL # B38400 SANE -ISTRIP CLOCAL #@S @L login: #DT38400

# 19200 bps Dumb Terminal entry
DT19200# B19200 CS8 CLOCAL # B19200 SANE -ISTRIP CLOCAL #@S @L login: #DT19200

# 9600 bps Dumb Terminal entry
DT9600# B9600 CS8 CLOCAL # B9600 SANE -ISTRIP CLOCAL #@S @L login: #DT9600

   ¦pªG§A­nªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥HÅý getty ¦bñ¤Jªº¼ÐÃD¤W¦L¥X¤@¨Ç¦³½ìªºªF¦è¡D ¦b§Úªº
   ¨Ò¤l¸Ì¡A§Ú¦L¥X¨t²Î¦WºÙ¥H¤Î¦ê¦C½u¸ô¡D§A¥i¥H¥[¤J¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦è:
   
@B    ¥Ø«eªº¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v(bps, ¦b¬Ý¨ì @B ®É¦ô­pªº)¡D
@D    ²{¦b¤é´Á, ®æ¦¡ MM/DD/YY¡D
@L    getty ©Ò³s±µªº¦ê¦C½u¸ô¡D
@S    ¨t²Î¦WºÙ¡D
@T    ²{¦b®É¶¡¡A®æ¦¡ HH:MM:SS (24 ¤p®É¨î)¡D
@U    ¥Ø«eñ¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡D³o¬O¦b /etc/utmp Àɤ¤«DªÅ ut_name Äæ¦ì¶µ¥Øªº­p¼Æ­È¡D
@V    ª©¥»­È¡A¦b¹w³]Àɤ¤µ¹©wªº¡D
¦pªG­nÅã¥Ü '@' ²Å¸¹ªº¸Ü¡A¥Î '\@' ©Î '@@'¡D

   ·í§A¥¿¦b½s¿è /etc/gettydefs ®É¡A§A¥i¥H³o¼Ë¨ÓÀˬd¥¦ªº»yªk¬O§_¥¿½T:
   
linux# getty -c /etc/gettydefs

   ½T©w¨S¦³ getty ©Î uugetty ªº³]©wÀÉ(/etc/default/{uu}getty.ttySN ©Î
   /etc/conf.{uu}getty.ttySN)¦b§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷³s±µªº¦ê¦C°ð¤W¡A ¦]¬°³o¤]³\·|¤zÂZ
   ¨ì¦b²×ºÝ¾÷¤W°õ¦æªº getty¡D¦pªG¦³ªº¸Ü½Ð²¾°£¥¦¡D
   
   ½s¿è§Aªº /etc/inittab Åý getty ¦b§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð¤W°õ¦æ(¥Î§AÀô¹Òªº¥¿½T¸ê°T¨Ó
   ¨ú¥N - °t¸mÀɪº¦ì¸m¡A¦ê¦C°ð¦W¡A³t«×¡A¤Î¹w³]²×ºÝ¾÷§Î¦¡):
   
S1:456:respawn:/sbin/getty ttyS1 DT9600 vt100

   ­«·s°_©l init:
   
linux# init q

   ²{¦b§AÀ³¸Ó·|¦b§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷¤W¬Ý¨ìñ¤J´£¥Ü¡D¤]³\§A±o«öªð¦^Áä(return)´X¦¸Åý
   ²×ºÝ¾÷ª`·N¨ì¡D
   
7.3 ±N PC ³]©w¦¨²×ºÝ¾÷ªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ

   ³\¦h¤H±N¨ä¥¦ PC ³]©w¦¨²×ºÝ¾÷³s±µ¨ì Linux ¾÷¾¹¤W¡D¨Ò¦p¡Aªº 8088 ©Î¬O
   286 PC «D±`¾A¦X³o­Ó¥Î³~¡D §A»Ý­nªº¥u¬O¤@±i¥]§t¾A¦XÅý§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷-­Ó¤H¹q¸£
   (Terminal-PC) ¨Ï¥Îªº DOS ºÏ¤ù¡A¥H¤ÎÅý§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷-­Ó¤H¹q¸£°õ¦æªº³q°Tµ{¦¡
   ¡D kermit ¦b³o­Ó¥Î³~¤Wªí²{±o«D±`¦n¡D §A¥i¥H¦b³o¥x¾÷¾¹
   [61]http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ ¤W§ä¨ì´X¥G¥i¥HÅý¥ô¦ó²{¦sªº§@·~¨t²Î
   ¨Ï¥Îªº¤w½sĶªº kermit ª©¥»¡D ¨ä¥¦¬y¦æªº DOS ³q°Tµ{¦¡¹³¬O telix ¥H¤Î
   procomm ¤]±N·|¦³¤@¼Ë¦nªºªí²{¡D ­n½T©w¿é¤J¥¿½Tªº¦ê¦C°ð¸ê°T¨ì§A²×ºÝ¾÷-­Ó
   ¤H¹q¸£ªº³q°T³]©w¸Ì¥h¡D
   
8. §Ú¯à¨Ï¥Î¶W¹L¨â­Óªº¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m¶Ü?

   §A¤£»Ý­n¾\Ū³o¤@¸`¡A°£«D§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î¤T­Ó©Î§ó¦hªº¦ê¦C³]³Æ...(°²©w§A¨S¦³¦h
   °ð¥dªº¸Ü)¡D
   
   °²¦p§A¦³¥t¤@­Ó¦h¾lªº¦ê¦C°ð¡A¬Oªº¡A§A¥i¥H¡D §A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îªº¦ê¦C°ð¼Æ¥Ø¨ü­­©ó
   §Ú­Ì¥²¶·¨Ï¥ÎªºµwÅ餤Â_­n¨D¥H¤Î°ð¿é¥X¤J¦ì§}ªº¼Æ¥Ø¡D ³o¨Ã¤£¬O Linux ªº­­
   ¨î¡A¦Ó¬O PC ¶×¬y±Æªº­­¨î¡D¥²¶·«ü©w¤¤Â_¸ò¦ì§}µ¹¨C¤@­Ó¦ê¦C³]³Æ¡D ¦ê¦C³]³Æ
   ¥i¥H¬O¦ê¦C°ð¡A¤º±µ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Î¬O¦h°ð¥d¡D
   
   ¦h°ð¥d¬O¬°¤F¾Ö¦³³\¦h­Ó¦ê¦C°ð¨Ó¤À¨É¥d¤W©Ò¦³¦ê¦C°ð©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¬Û¦P IRQ ¦Ó¯S§O
   ³]­pªº¡D Linux ¹ï¥d¤Wªº¨C¤@­Ó°ð¨Ï¥Î¤£¦Pªº¿é¥X¤J¦ì§}¥H«K±q¥¦­ÌÀò¨ú¸ê®Æ¡D
   
8.1 ¿ï¾Ü¦ê¦C³]³Æªº¤¤Â_¦ì§}

   §Aªº PC ¤@¯ë·|±N ttyS0 ¥H¤Î ttyS2 ³]¦b IRQ 4 ¦Ó±N ttyS1 ¥H¤Î ttyS3 ³]¦b
   IRQ 3¡D ¸g¥ÑÀ˵ø /proc/interrupts §A¥i¥Hª¾¹D¨º¨Ç IRQs ¥¿³Q¨Ï¥Î¡D ­n¨Ï¥Î
   ¨â­Ó¥H¤Wªº¦ê¦C³]³Æªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·­«·s«ü©w¤@­Ó¤¤Â_¡D ¤@­Ó¦n¿ï¾Ü¬O±q§Aªº¨Ã¦C
   °ð¨ºÃä­«·s«ü©w¤@­Ó¤¤Â_¡D§Aªº PC ¤@¯ë·|³]©w IRQ5 ©Î¬O IRQ7 ·í§Aªº¨Ã¦C°ð
   ¡A¦ý¬O«Ü¤Ö¤H·|¨Ï¥Î¨â­Ó¨Ã¦C°ð¡D §A¥i¥H­«·s«ü©w¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¤¤Â_µ¹¦ê¦C³]³Æ¡A¨Ã
   ¦Ó¤´µM¯à¶¶§Q¦a¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¨Ã¦C°ð¡D §A±N·|»Ý­n¥Î¨ì setserial µ{¦¡¨Ó°µ³o¥ó¨Æ
   ¡D¦¹¥~¡A§A¥²¶·½Õ¾ã§AªO¤l¤Wªº¸õ±µ³]©w(Jumpers)¡A¬d¬Ý§A¥D¾÷ªOªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó¡D
   ¸õ±µ§A·Q­nµ¹¨C­Ó°ð¨Ï¥Îªº IRQ¡D
   
   §A±N±o­n°µ¨Ç³]©wÅý¨C­Ó¦ê¦C³]³Æ³£¦³¤@­Ó¡A¨Ã¥B¬O°ß¤@ªº¤@­Ó¤¤Â_¡D ³o¸Ì¬O§Ú
   ¦b /etc/rc.d/rc.local ¸Ì©Ò¥Îªº³]©w - §AÀ³¸Ó¦b±Ò°Ê¨t²Î®Éªº¬Y­Ó¦a¤è°µ³o¥ó
   ¨Æ¡D
   
        /sbin/setserial /dev/ttyS0 irq 3        # my serial mouse
        /sbin/setserial /dev/ttyS1 irq 4        # my Wyse dumb terminal
        /sbin/setserial /dev/ttyS2 irq 5        # my Zoom modem
        /sbin/setserial /dev/ttyS3 irq 9        # my USR modem

   ¼Ð·Çªº IRQ «ü©w:
              IRQ  0    Timer channel 0
              IRQ  1    Keyboard
              IRQ  2    Cascade for controller 2
              IRQ  3    Serial port 2
              IRQ  4    Serial port 1
              IRQ  5    Parallel port 2
              IRQ  6    Floppy diskette
              IRQ  7    Parallel port 1
              IRQ  8    Real-time clock
              IRQ  9    Redirected to IRQ2
              IRQ 10    not assigned
              IRQ 11    not assigned
              IRQ 12    not assigned
              IRQ 13    Math coprocessor
              IRQ 14    Hard disk controller 1
              IRQ 15    Hard disk controller 2

   ¦b¿ï¾Ü¤¤Â_®É¯uªº¨S¦³¤°»ò¥¿½Tªº¡D¥u­n½T©w¥¦¤£¬O¤w¸g³Q¥D¾÷ªO¡A©Î¬O¨ä¥¦¬É
   ­±¥d©Ò¨Ï¥Î¡D 2, 3, 4, 5 ©Î¬O 7 ¬O¦n¿ï¾Ü¡D``not assigned''ªº·N«ä¬O¥Ø«e¨Ã
   ¨S¦³¤°»òªF¦è¦b¼Ð·Ç±¡ªp¤U·|©T©w¨Ï¥Î³o¨ÇµwÅ餤Â_­n¨D¡D ¤]­nª`·N¨ì IRQ 2
   ¸ò IRQ 9 ¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡D§A¥i¥HºÙ¥¦¬° 2 ©Î 9¡A¦ê¦CÅX°Êµ{¦¡«D±`¤F¸Ñ³o¤@ÂI¡D ¦p
   ªG§A¦³¤@¶ô 16-bit ¶×¬y±Æ³s±µÀYªº¦ê¦C¥d¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î IRQ 10, 11, 12 ©Î
   15¡D
   
   ¥u­n½T©w§A¨Ï¥Îªº¨Ã«D¬O IRQ 0, 1, 6, 8, 13 ©Î¬O 14! ¥¦­Ì¬O¥Ñ§Aªº¥D¾÷ªO©Ò
   ¨Ï¥Îªº¡D ¦pªG§A®³¨«¦oªº IRQs ªº¸Ü¡A·|¨Ï±o¦o«Ü¤£°ª¿³¡D §¹¦¨¤§«á¡A¦A¦¸ÀË
   ¬d /proc/interrupts ¥H½T©w¨S¦³½Ä¬ðµo¥Í¡D
   
8.2 ³]©w¦ê¦C³]³Æªº¦ì§}

   ±µ¤U¨Ó¡A§A¥²¶·³]°ð¦ì§}¡D¬d¬Ý§A¥D¾÷ªO¤â¥Uªº¸õ±µ³]©w¡D´N¹³¤¤Â_¡A¨C­Ó¦ì§}
   ¥u¯à¦³¤@­Ó¦ê¦C³]³Æ¡D §Aªº°ð³q±`·|°t¸m¦¨¹³¤U­±³o¼Ë¡G
   
        ttyS0 address 0x3f8
        ttyS1 address 0x2f8
        ttyS2 address 0x3e8
        ttyS3 address 0x2e8

   ¿ï¾Ü§A·Q­nµ¹¨C¤@­Ó¦ê¦C³]³Æ¨Ï¥Îªº¦ì§}¨Ã¥B¨Ì¦¹¨Ó³]©w¸õ±µ¡D §Ú±N§Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷
   ³]¦b ttyS3 ¡A§Úªº·Æ¹«¦b ttyS0¡A¦Ó§Úªº²×ºÝ¾÷¦b ttyS2¡D
   
   ·í§A­«·s±Ò°Ê®É¡A Linux À³¸Ó·|¦b§A©Ò³]©wªº¦ì§}¬Ý¨ì§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð¡D Linux ©Ò
   ¬Ý¨ìªº IRQ ¥i¯à¤£·|¸ò§A¸õ±µ³]©wªº¬Û²Å¡D ¤£¥²¾á¤ß³o¤@ÂI¡D Linux ¦b¥¦±Ò°Ê
   ªº®É­Ô¨Ã¨S¦³°µ¥ô¦óªº IRQ °»´ú¡A ¦]¬° IRQ °»´ú¬O¦MÀI¨Ã¥B¦³¥i¯à³Q´ÛÄFªº¡D
   ¨Ï¥Î setserial ¨Ó§i¶D Linux ¨º­Ó°ð¨Ï¥Î¨º­Ó IRQ¡D §A¤]¥i¥HÀˬd
   /proc/ioports ¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý¦b Linux ±Ò°Ê«á¨º¨Ç¿é¥X¿é¤J°ð¦ì§}³Q¨Ï¥Î¡D
   
9. §Ú«ç¼Ë±N§Úªº¦ê¦C°ð³]¨ì¸û°ªªº³t«×? §Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤SÀ³¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¤°»ò¼Ëªº³t«×?

   ³o¤@¸`À³¸Ó¥i¥HÀ°§A§ä¥X·í§A³z¹L³q°Tµ{¦¡¡A©Î¬O getty µ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷®É
   À³¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¤°»ò³t«×¡D
     * ¦pªG§A©Ò¦³ªº¬O¤ñ 9600 bps (V.32) ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ÁÙ­nºCªºªF¦è¡A±N§Aªº³t«×³]¨ì
       §Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Ò¯à¤ä´©ªº³Ì°ª³t«×¡D ¨Ò¦p 300 (V.21/Bell 103), 1200
       (V.22/Bell 212A), ©Î 2400 bps (V.22bis)¡D
     * ¦pªG§A¦³ 9600 bps (V.32) ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B¤ä´© V.42bis ¸ê®ÆÀ£ÁY¡A¨Ï¥Î
       38400 ¨Ó·í§@§Aªº³t«×¡D V.42bis À£ÁY¨ã¦³ 4:1 ªº²z½×­È¡A¤]´N¬O``4 *
       9600 = 38400''¡D
     * ¦pªG§A¦³ 14400 bps (V.32bis) ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B¤ä´© V.42bis ¸ê®ÆÀ£ÁY¥\
       ¯àªº¸Ü¡A¨Ï¥Î setserial µ{¦¡¡A¥[¤W spd_hi ºX¼Ð±N§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð°t¸m¦¨¨Ï¥Î
       57600 bps (4 * 14400 = 57600) ªº³t«×¡D
       ¦pªG§A¦³ 28800 ©Î 33600 bps (V.FC ©Î¬O V.34) ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷«h¨Ï¥Î
       spd_vhi ºX¼Ð (4 * 28800 = 115200)¡D
       µM«á¡A¦b§Aªº³q°Tµ{¦¡¡A©Î¬O /etc/inittab ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î 38400 ·í§@³t«×³]©w¡D
       ³o¬O²{¦b§A¯à³]ªº³Ì°ª³t«×¡D­n½T©w§A¦³ 16550A ³q¥Î«D¦P¨B±µ¦¬Âà´«
       ¾¹(UART)¡D
       ¦pªG§Aªº libc ª©¥»¦Ü¤Ö¬O 5.x¡A¨º»ò·|¦³¥s°µ 57600 ¤Î 115200 ªº³t«×¡D
       libc ©ñ¦b /lib¡A©Ò¥H¦b¨º¸Ì¬Ý¤@¤U§A¥Îªºª©¥»¬O¤°»ò¡D ¦pªG§AªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡
       ¤w¸g½sĶ¥H¨ú¥Î¦¹ÀuÂI¡A§A¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¥¦­Ì(¤£¥²¥Î setserial)¡A ³\¦hªº
       ®M¥ó³£¤w¸g¦³¤F¡A¦]¦¹¦pªG§A¦³³Ìªñª©¥»ªº Linux ®M¥ó¡A³Ì¦nªº¤èªk´N¬O¹Á
       ¸Õ¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç§ó°ªªº³t«×¡D
       
   ¥ý¦b©R¥O¦C¤U¥Î setserial «ü¥O´ú¸Õ¡AµM«á¦b§A½T©w¥¦­Ì¥i¥H¹B§@«á¡A±N§A©Ò§@
   ªº­×§ï©ñ¶i /etc/rc.d/rc.serial ©Î /etc/rc.d/rc.local ¥H«K¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê°õ¦æ
   ¥¦­Ì¡D ¦b§Úªº /etc/rc.d/rc.local ¸Ì¡A§Ú¬O³o¼Ë³]©w§Úªº ttyS3 ¨ì 115200
   bps ªº:
   
/sbin/setserial /dev/ttyS3 spd_vhi

   ½T©w§A¥H¦Xªkªº¸ô®|¨Ï¥Î setserial¡A¥H¤Î¦Xªkªº¸Ë¸m¦WºÙ¡D §A¥i¥H¤UªkÀˬd¤@
   ­Ó¦ê¦C°ðªº³]©w:
   
setserial -a /dev/ttyS3

10. ³q°Tµ{¦¡¤Î¤u¨ã

   ³o¸Ì¦³¤@­Ó³q°Tµ{¦¡ªº¦Cªí¡A¦pªG§A©Ò¨Ï¥Îªºµo¦æ®M¥ó¸ÌÀY¨Ã¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¡A³o¨Ç³£
   ¥i¥H¦b¤@¯ëªº FTP ¯¸§ä¨ì¡D
   
     * ecu - ¤@®M³q°Tµ{¦¡
     * [62]C-Kermit - ¥iÄ⪺¡A¥iµ{§Ç¤Æªº¦ê¦C¤Î TCP/IP ³q°Tµ{¦¡¡A¥]§t¶ÇÀɤÎ
       ¦r§¹Âà´«¥\¯à
     * minicom - Ãþ¦ü telix ªº³q°Tµ{¦¡
     * procomm - ¥]§t zmodem¡AÃþ¦ü procomm ªº³q°Tµ{¦¡
     * seyon - ¥H X ¬°°ò¦Àô¹Òªº³q°Tµ{¦¡
     * xc - xcomm ³q°T®M¥ó
     * ¨ä¥¦¦³¥Îªºµ{¦¡¬O term ¤Î SLiRP¡D¥¦­Ì´£¨Ñ¨Ï¥Î shell ±b¸¹ªº TCP/IP ¥\
       ¯à¡D
     * screen ¬O¥t¤@­Ó¦h°Ï¬q§@·~(multi-session)ªºµ{¦¡¡D³o­Óµ{¦¡´N¹³ªº°Ê§@
       ´N¹³µêÀÀ±±¨î¥x¡D
     * callback ³o¤äµ{¦¡·|¨Ï§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦^¼·µ¹§A¡D
     * mgetty+fax ³B²z¶Ç¯u¨Æ°È¡A¨Ã¥B´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¤£¦Pªº getty¡D
     * ZyXEL ¬O ZyXEL U-1496 ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº±±¨îµ{¦¡¡D¥¦³B²z±µ¨ü¼·±µ¡A¼·¸¹¡A¦^¼·
       «O±K¡A¶Ç¯u¡A¥H¤Î»y­µ«H½c¥\¯à¡D
     * SLIP ¤Î PPP ªº³nÅé¥i¦b
       [63]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/serial §ä¨ì¡D
     * ¨ä¥¦ªF¦è¥i¥H¦b [64]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/serial ¥H
       ¤Î [65]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/serialcomm ©Î³\¦hªº¬M®g
       ¸`ÂI¤§¤@§ä¨ì¡D³o¨Ç¬O«O¯d©Ò¦³¦ê¦Cµ{¦¡ªº¥Ø¿ý¡D
       
11. ¦ê¦C¨Ï¥Î¯µ³Z

   ³o¸Ì¦³¤@¨Ç§A¥i¯àµo²{«Ü¦³¥Îªº¦ê¦C¯¦³Z...
   
11.1 kermit ¥H¤Î zmodem

   ­n¦b kermit ¤U¨Ï¥Î zmodem ªº¸Ü¡A±N¤U¦C¤º®e¥[¨ì§Aªº .kermrc ¸Ì¥h:
   
define rz !rz < /dev/ttyS3 > /dev/ttyS3
define sz !sz \%0 > /dev/ttyS3 < /dev/ttyS3

   ­n½T©w¥¿½T¦a©ñ¤J§A¼Æ¾Ú©Ò¦bªº¦ê¦C°ð¡DµM«á¡A­n¨Ï¥Îªº¸Ü¡A¥u­n¦b kermit ªº
   ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¤UÁä¤J rz ©Î sz <ÀɦW> §Y¥i¡D
   
11.2 ¦Û°Ê³]©w²×ºÝ¾÷«¬¦¡

   ­n¦b·í§Añ¤Jªº®É­Ô¦Û°Ê³]©w§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷§Î¦¡ªº¸Ü¡A§â²×ºÝ¾÷ªº§Î¦¡¥[¨ì
   /etc/inittab ªº¶µ¥Ø¸Ì¥h¡D ¦pªG§Ú¦³¤@¥x vt100 ²×ºÝ¾÷¦b ttyS1 ¤W ¡A§Ú­n¹ï
   getty «ü¥O¥[¤W ``vt100'':
   
S1:456:respawn:/sbin/getty ttyS1 DT9600 vt100

   §A¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î tset¡A¥i¥H¦b§Añ¤Jªº®É­Ô«Ø¥ß²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¯S©Ê¡A¦Ó¥B¤£»Ý­n¨Ì¿à¥ô
   ¦óªº¹w³]­È¡D
   
11.3 ¦b¦ê¦C³s½u¤Uªº±m¦â ls

   ¦pªG ls ¦]¬°±m¦â¯S©Ê¦ÓÂZ¶Ã¤F§Aªº²×ºÝ¾÷¼ÒÀÀ¡A§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡D ls --color ¥H¤Î
   ls --colour ³£¨Ï¥Î±m¦â¯S©Ê¡D¦³¨Ç¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡¨Ï±o ls ¹w³]¬°¨Ï¥Î±m¦â¡D Àˬd
   /etc/profile ¥H¤Î /etc/csh.cshrc ¸Ìªº ls §O¦W¡D ¦pªG§A¤£·Q­×§ï¨t²Î¹w³]
   ­Èªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]¥i¥H³]µ¹ ls §O¦W ls --no-color¡D
   
11.4 ±q²×ºÝ¾÷©Ò³s±µªº¦Lªí¾÷¶i¦æ¦C¦L

   ¦³¤@­Ó¥s°µ vtprint ªºµ{¦¡¥i¥H°µ±o¨ì¡A¦b
   [66]ftp://ftp.sdsu.edu/pub/vtprint ¤Î [67]http://www.sdsu.edu/~garrett
   ¥i¨ú±o¡D
   
   ¥t¥~¤@¤ä¥s xprt ªºµ{¦¡¤]¯à°µ¨ì¡D¥¦¥i¦b
   [68]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/printing §ä¨ì¡D
   
11.5 Linux ¯à¤£¯à°÷¦Û°Ê¦a°t¸m¦ê¦C³]³Æ?

   ¥i¥H¡D­nÅý Linux ¦b±Ò°Êªº®É­Ô¦Û°Ê¦a°»´ú¨Ã¥B³]©w¦ê¦C³]³Æªº¸Ü¡A§â³o¤@¦æ:
   
/sbin/setserial /dev/ttyS3 auto_irq skip_test autoconfig

   ¥[¨ì§Aªº /etc/rc.d/rc.local ©Î¬O /etc/rc.d/rc.serial Àɮ׸̭±¡D ¹ï¨C¤@
   ­Ó§A§Æ±æ¦Û°Ê°t¸mªº¦ê¦C°ð³£­n°µ¡D­n½T©w©Òµ¹ªº¬O¤@­Ó¯u¥¿¦s¦b©ó§A¹q¸£¤Wªº
   ³]³Æ¦WºÙ¡D
   
  ¦h°ð¥dªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ
  
   ¹ï©ó¥dªº¦ì§}¡A¥H¤Î IRQs ¬d¾\ setserial µ{¦¡ÀHªþªº rc.serial¡D ¥¦¦³«Ü¦h
   Ãö©ó¦h°ð¥dªº²Ó¸`¡A¥]¬A¿é¥X¤J¦ì§}¥H¤Î³]³Æ¦WºÙ¡D
   
11.6 ¨Ï¥Î¦ê¦C±±¨î¥x

   ¦b²Ä¤T¤Q¤»´Áªº Linux Journal ¦b
   [69]http://www.ssc.com/lj/issue36/index.html ¦³½g¤å³¹¸ÑÄÀ¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î¦ê¦C±±
   ¨î¥x(serial console)¡D ¤£©¯ªº¬O¡A±H¹q¤l¶l¥óµ¹§@ªÌ³£³Q°h¦^¡D§Ú§Æ±æ³o½g¤å
   ³¹·|«Ü§Ö¦a¤W­z URL ªº Linux Journal ºô¯¸¤¤¡D
   
11.7 §ó°ªªº¦ê¦C¬y¶q

   ¦pªG¦b¤@³¡¨Ï¥Î (E)IDE ºÏºÐ¾÷ªº¨t²Î¤W§Aµo²{¬y¶q«ÜºC¦Ó¥B¦ê¦C°ð±`·¸º¡¡A§A
   ¥i¥H¨ú±o hdparm¡D ³o¬O¤@­Ó¥i¥H­×§ï (E)IDE °Ñ¼Æ¡A¥]§tÅý¤@ºÏºÐ IRQ °Ê§@´Á
   ¶¡¨ä¥¦ IRQs ¤´¥i¤u§@¡D ³o·|§ïµ½¤ÏÀ³³t«×¨ÃÀ°§U®ø°£·¸º¡¡D½T©w¤p¤ß¦aŪ¹L¤F
   ½u¤W¤â¥U¡A¦]¬°¬Y¨ÇºÏºÐ/±±¨î¥d²Õ¦X¤£³ßÅw¥¦¨Ã¥B¥i¯à·l·´Àɮרt²Î¡D
   
   ¤]¥i¥H¬Ý¤@¤U¤@­Ó¥s irqtune ªº¤u¨ã¡A¥i¥H§ïÅܤ@­Ó¸Ë¸m IRQ ªºÀu¥ý¶¶§Ç¡A¨Ò
   ¦p§A¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Ò¦bªº¦ê¦C°ð¡D³o¤]¥i¯à§ïµ½§A¨t²Îªº¦ê¦C¬y¶q¡D irqtune ªº±`¨£°Ý
   ÃD¸Ñµª(FAQ)¥i¦b [70]http://www.best.com/~cae/irqtune §ä¨ì¡D
   
12. §ó¶i¤@¨B...

   ³o¤@¸`¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¾\Ū¡A¦ý¬O¥i¯à±aµ¹§A¤@¨Ç¹ï©ó Unix ¥H¤Î¹q¤l³q°T¥@¬É§ó¶i¤@
   ¨Bªº¤F¸Ñ¡D
   
12.1 ¤°»ò¬OÂê©wÀÉ®×(lock files)?

   Lock files ¥u¬O³æ¯Âªº¤@­ÓÀɮץΨӪí¥Ü¬Y­Ó¯S©wªº³]³Æ¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Î¤¤¡D ¥¦­Ì«O
   ¦s¦b /usr/spool/uucp ©Î¬O /var/lock ¸Ì­±¡D Linux ªº lock files ¦W¦r³£¬O
   LCK..name¡A¨ä¤¤ªº name ¤£¬O³]³Æ¦WºÙ´N¬O¤@­Ó UUCP ¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¡D ¦³¨Çµ{§Ç«Ø
   ¥ß³o¨Ç locks ¥H«KÅý¥¦­Ì¦Û¤v¥i¥H¿W¦û¸Ó³]³Æªº¦s¨úÅv¡D ¨Ò¦p¦pªG§A±q§Aªº¼Æ
   ¾Ú¾÷¼·¸¹¥X¥h¡A±N·|¥X²{¤@­Ó lock §i¶D¨ä¥¦µ{§Ç²{¦b¤w¸g¦³¤H¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¾Ú¾÷
   ¡D Lock files ¸Ì­±¥D­n¬O¥]§tÂê¦í¸Ó³]³Æªºµ{§Çªº¦æµ{¸¹½X(PID)¡D ¤j³¡¥÷ªº
   µ{¦¡·|¬d¾\ lock¡AµM«áÀˬd¦æµ{ªí(process table)¤¤Âê©w¸Ó³]³Æªº¦æµ{¨Ó¸ÕµÛ
   ¨M©w³o­Ó lock ¬O§_¤´µM¦³®Ä¡D ¦pªGµo²{³o­Ó lock ¬O¦³®Äªº¸Ü¡A³o­Óµ{¦¡(À³
   ¸Ó)­nµ²§ô¡D ¦pªG¤£¬O¡A¬Y¨Çµ{¦¡·|§R°£¹L®Éªº lock¡AµM«á¨Ï¥Î¸Ó³]³Æ¡A¨Ã¦b¦æ
   µ{°õ¦æ®É«Ø¥ß¥L­Ì¦Û¤vªº lock¡D ¨ä¥¦ªºµ{¦¡´N¥u¦nµ²§ô¨Ã§i¶D§A¸Ó³]³Æ¥¿¦b¨Ï
   ¥Î¤¤¡D
   
12.2 ``baud'' ¹ï ``bps''

   ``baud'' ¸ò ``bps'' ¥i¯à¬O¹q¸£/¹q¤l³q°T³o­Ó»â°ì¸Ì³Ì±`³Q¿ù¥Îªº³N»y¤§¤@¡D
   ·í¥¦­Ì¨Æ¹ê¤W¨Ã¤£¬Û¦Pªº®É­Ô¡A«Ü¦h¤H¤´¥æ´À¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç³N»y¡D
   
   Àj²v(baud)
          Àj²v¬O¨C¬íÄÁ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷(½ÕÅܸѽվ¹¡Amodulator-demodulator)°e¥X¦h¤Ö¦¸
          °T¸¹§ïÅܪº«×¶q¡D ¨Ò¦p¡AÀj²v¬° 1200 ªº§t·N¬O«H¸¹¨C¹j 833 ·L
          ¬í(microsecond)§Y§ïÅܤ@¦¸¡D ´¶¹MªºÀj²v¦³ 50, 75, 110, 300, 600,
          1200 ¥H¤Î 2400¡D¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ª³t¼Æ¾Ú¾÷©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºÀj²v¬° 2400¡D ¦]¬°»y­µ
          ¯Å(voice-grade)¹q¸Ü½u¸ôªºÀW¼e­­¨î¡A¶W¹L 2400 ªºÀj²v«ÜÃø¹Fªº¨ì¡A
          ¦Ó¥u¯à¦b«D±`¯Â²bªº¹q¸Ü½u«~½è¤U¤~¯à¹B§@¡D ``baud''¤@µü¦b Emile
          Baudot ¤§«á¤~¦³¡A¥L¬O«D¦P¨B¹q³ø¦Lªí¾÷(asynchronous telegraph
          printer)ªºµo©úªÌ¡D
          
   ¨C¬í¶Ç¿é¦ì¤¸(bps)
          ¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v¬O¨C¬íÄÁ¶Ç¿é¦h¤Ö¦ì¤¸ªº«×¶q¡D´¶¹M¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v¦³
          50, 75, 110, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, ... 115200¡D ¦b¨Ï¥Î
          V.42bis À£ÁY(À£ÁY³Ì¤j²v 4:1)ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤U¡A²z½×¤W¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v¥i¥H
          °ª¹F 115200¡D ³o¬O³\¦h¤H¦b¿ù¥Î ``baud'' ³o­Ó¦r®É©Ò«üªº·N«ä¡D
          
   ©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG°ª³t¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥H 2400 baud ¹B§@¡A¥¦­Ì¦p¦ó¯à°÷¶Ç°e 14400 bps? ¼Æ¾Ú
   ¾÷¹ï¨C­Ó baud ½s½X¨Óªí¥Ü¬Y¤@¼Æ¶qªº¦ì¤¸¦Ó¨Ï±o bps ¯à¤j©ó baud¡D ³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó
   ¡A·í¤G­Ó©Î§ó¦h¦ì¤¸½s½X¦¨¤@­Ó baud ªº®É­Ô¡Abps ´N·|¶W¶V baud¡D ¦pªG§Aªº
   ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¬O¥H 14400 bps ³s½uªº¸Ü¡A¥¦±N·|¥H 2400 baud ªº³t«×¨C­Ó baud ¶Ç°e
   ¤»­Ó¦ì¤¸¡D
   
   ³o­Ó²V²c¬O«ç»ò¼Ë¶}©lªº? ¶â¡A¦^¨ì¤µ¤Ñªº§C³t¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ÁÙ¬O¬Q¤Ñªº°ª³t¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨º
   ­Ó®É¥N¡A¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v¸ò«H¸¹§ïÅܲv¹ê»Ú¤W¬O§¹¥þ¬Ûµ¥ªº¡D ¨C­Ó bit ½s½X¦¨
   ¤@­Ó baud¡D¤H­Ì¥æ´À¨Ï¥Î bps ¥H¤Î baud ¬O¦]¬°¥¦­Ìªº¼Æ¦r¬Û¦P¡D ¨Ò¦p¤@¥x
   300 bps ªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨ä«H¸¹§ïÅܲv¤]¬O 300¡D ·í°ª³t¼Æ¾Ú¾÷´¶¤Î«á¤@¤Á³£§ïÅܤF¡A
   ¦Ó¥B¨C¬í¦ì¤¸¶Ç¿é²v¶W¹L¤F«H¸¹§ïÅܲv¡D
   
12.3 ¤°»ò¬O UARTs? ¥¦­Ì¦p¦ó¼vÅT®Ä¯à?

   UARTs (³q¥Î«D¦P¨B±µ¦¬Âà´«¾¹¡AUniversal Asyncronous Receiver
   Transmitter)¬O§A PC ¦ê¦C¥d¤Wªº´¹¤ù¡D ¥¦­Ìªº¥\¥Î¬O§â¸ê®ÆÂন¦ì¤¸¡A±N³o¨Ç
   ¦ì¤¸°e¤W¦ê¦C½u¸ô¡AµM«á¦b¥t¤@ºÝ­«·s«Ø¥ß¸ê®Æ¡D UARTs ¬O¥H¦ì¤¸²Õ¬°³æ¦ì³B²z
   ¸ê®Æ¡A«Ü¤è«K¦a¤]¬O¬ü°ê¼Ð·Ç¥æ´«½X(ASCII)ªº¦r¤¸¤j¤p¡D
   
   °²©w¬O§A¦³¤@¥x³s±µ¨ì§A PC ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¡D·í§AÁä¤J¤@­Ó¦r¤¸®É¡A²×ºÝ¾÷§â¥¦¥æµ¹
   ¥¦ªºÂà´«¾¹(¤]¬O UART ªº¤@ºØ)¡D ¸ÓÂà´«¾¹¥H«ü©wªº³t²v§â³o­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õ°e¨ì¦ê¦C
   ½u¸ô¤W¡A¨C¦¸¤@­Ó¦ì¤¸¡D ¦b PC ³o¤@ºÝ¡A±µ¦¬¦ì¤¸ªº UART ®³¨«©Ò¦³ªº¦ì¤¸¡AµM
   «á­«·s²Õ¦¨¦ì¤¸²Õ¨Ã¥B©ñ¨ì½w½Ä°Ï¸Ì¥h¡D
   
   ¦³¨âºØ¤£¦Pªº UARTs Ãþ«¬¡D§A¥i¯à¦³Å¥¹L·MÄøªº(dumb)UARTs - 8250 ÁÙ¦³
   16450¡A¥H¤Î¥ý¶i¥ý¥X¦¡ UARTs - 16550A¡D ­n¤F¸Ñ¥¦­Ìªº¤£¦P¡A­º¥ýÅý§Ú­Ì¨ÓÀË
   Åç·í UART °e¥X©Î±µ¦¬¤@­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õ®É©Òµo¥Íªº¨Æ¡D
   
   ³o UART ¥»¨­¨Ã¤£¯à¹ï¸ê®Æ°µ¤°»ò³B²z¡A¥¦¥u¬O°e¥X¥H¤Î±µ¦¬¥¦¡D ¨C¦¸°e¥X©Î±µ
   ¦¬¤@­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õ®É¡ACPU ³£·|±q¦ê¦C³]³Æ±µ¨ì¤@­Ó¤¤Â_¡D µM«á CPU ´N§â±µ¦¬¨ìªº
   ¦ì¤¸²Õ±q UARTs ªº½w½Ä°Ï·h¨ì°O¾ÐÅ骺¬Y³B¡A©Î¬O´£¨Ñ¥t¤@­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õµ¹ UART ¶Ç
   °e¡D 8250 ¥H¤Î 16450 UARTs ¥u¦³¤@­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº½w½Ä°Ï¡D³o­Ó·N«ä¬O¡A¨C°e¥X©Î
   ±µ¦¬¤@­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õ´N·|¤¤Â_ CPU ¤@¦¸¡D ¦b§C³tªº±¡ªp¤U³o¼Ë¨S¦³°ÝÃD¡D¦ý¬O¦b°ª
   ³tªº¶Ç¿é²v¤U¡ACPU ·|¦£©ó³B²z UART ¦Ó¨S¦³®É¶¡·Ó®Æ¨ä¥¦¤u§@¡D ¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U
   ¡ACPU ¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªº¾l¸Î¤Î®É³B²z¤¤Â_ªA°È¡A¸Ó¦ì¤¸²Õ±N¦]¸ê®Æ¦p¦¹§Ö³t¦a¶Ç¤J¦Ó
   ³QÂмg¡D
   
   ³o´N¬O 16550A UARTs ¦³¥Îªº¦a¤è¡D³o¨Ç´¹¤ù¨ã¦³ 16 ­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¥ý¶i¥ý¥X¦î¦C
   ¡D ³o­Ó·N«ä¬O¥¦¦b¥²¶·¤¤Â_ CPU ¤§«e¥i¥H±µ¦¬©ÎÂà´«¹F 16 ­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õ¡D ¥¦¤£¶È
   ¬O¯àµ¥¡A¦Ó¥B CPU ²{¦b¤]¥i¥H¦P®É¶Ç°e¥þ³¡ 16 ­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¸ê®Æ¡D ÁöµM¤¤Â_¬É
   ­­(threshold)«Ü¤Ö¦³³]¨ì 16 ªº¡A³o¹ï©ó¨ä¥¦¥u¦³¤@­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õ½w½Ä°Ïªº UARTs
   ¦Ó¨¥¤´µM¬O¤@­Ó­«­nªºÀuÂI¡D CPU ¦¬¨ì¸û¤Öªº¤¤Â_¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¦a°µ¨ä¥¦¨Æ±¡
   ¡D¸ê®Æ¤£·|º|¥¢¡A¨C­Ó¤H³£«Ü°ª¿³¡D (¤]¦³ 16550 ³o­Ó UART¡A¦ý¬O¥¦¸ò 16450
   ¤@¼Ë¦]¬°¥¦¦³°ÝÃD¡D)
   
   ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A 8250 ¥H¤Î 16450 UARTs À³¸Ó¯à°÷³Ó¥ô°ª¹F 38400 bps ªº¤u§@³t²v
   ¡D ¦b°ª©ó 38400 bps ªº³t²v¤U¡A§A¥i¯à¶}©l¨£¨ì¸ê®Æº|¥¢¡D ¨ä¥¦ªº PC §@·~¨t
   ²Î(³o¸Ìªº©w¸q«Ü¼eÃP)¡A¹³ DOS ¨Ã«D¬O¦h¤uªº¡A©Ò¥H¥¦­Ì¦³¥i¯à¥i¥H¥Î 8250 ©Î
   16450s «oÀ³¥Iªº§ó¦n¡D ³o´N¬O¬°¤°»ò¦³¨Ç¤H¨Ã¨S¦³¬Ý¨ì¸ê®Æº|¥¢¡Aª½¨ì¥L­Ì§ï
   ¥Î Linux ¤~µo¥Í¡D
   
   µL-UART(Non-UART)¥H¤Î´¼¼z«¬¦h°ð¥d¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦ì³B²z¾÷(DSP)´¹¤ù¨Ó³B²zÃB¥~ªº½w
   ½Ä¥H¤Î±±¨î¡A¦p¦¹§ó¯à´î»´ CPU ªº­t¾á¡D ¨Ò¦p¡ACyclades Cyclom ¤Î
   Stallion EasyIO ³o¨Ç¥d¨Ï¥Î Cirrus Logic CD-1400 RISC ´¹¤ù¡AÁÙ¦³³\¦h¥d¨Ï
   ¥Î 80186 CPU ©Î§ó¯S§Oªº RISC CPU ¨Ó³B²z¦ê¦C¿é¥X¤J¡D
   
   ¤ß¸Ì­n°O±o¡A³o¨Ç·MÄø«¬ªº UART ¨Ã«D¬OÃaªº¡A¥u¬O¥¦­Ì¤£¾A¦X°µ°ª³t¶Ç¿é¡D ·í
   §A±N²×ºÝ¾÷©Î·Æ¹«³s±µ¨ì³o¨Ç UARTs ®ÉÀ³¸Ó¤£·|¾D¹J§xÃø¡D ¦ý¬O¹ï°ª³t¼Æ¾Ú¾÷
   ¦Ó¨¥¡A16550A ¥i¥H»¡¬O¥²¶·ªº¡D
   
   §A¥i¥Hªá¦h¤@ÂIÂIªº¿úÁʶR¦³ 16550A UARTs ªº¦ê¦C¥d¡A¥u­n¸ß°Ý¹q¸£°Ó¸Ó¥d©Ò
   ¨Ï¥Îªº¬O¤°»ò«¬¸¹ªº UARTs §Y¥i¡D ©ÎªÌ§A·Q¤É¯Å§A²{¦bªº¥d¡A§A¥i¥H¥u­n²³æ
   ¦aÁʶR 16550A ´¹¤ù¨Ã¥B¸m´«§A²{¦bªº 16450 UARTs ´¹¤ù¡D ¥¦­Ìªº¸}¦ì¬Û
   ®e(pin-to-pin compatible)¡D¦³¨Ç¥d¦³ UARTs ´¡¼Ñ¨Ó§@³o­Ó¥Î³~¨Ï¥Î¡D ¦pªG¤£
   ¬Oªº¸Ü§A¥i¥H²k±µ¡Dª`·N¡A¦pªG§A¦³¿ú¡A¶R¤@±i·s¥d±N¥i¯à·|¬Ù±¼§A³\¦h³Â·Ð¡A
   ¥¦­Ì¦b $50 ¤¸¬üª÷¥H¤U¡D
   
13. ¬G»Ù±Æ°£

13.1 §Ú¤£Â_¦a¦¬¨ì ``line NNN of inittab invalid''

   ­n½T©w§A¹ï§Aªº init ª©¥»¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº¤åªk¡D³o¸Ì©Ò¨S¦³ªº¤@¨Ç init ·|¦b
   /etc/inittab Àɮ׸̨ϥΤ£¦Pªº¤åªk¡D ­n½T©w§A¹ï§Aªº getty ª©¥»¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº
   ¤åªk¡D
   
13.2 ·í§Ú¸ÕµÛ¼·¸¹®É¡A¥¦»¡ ``/dev/cuaN: Device or resource busy''

   ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¥i¯àµo¥Í¦b DCD ©Î DTR ¨S¦³³]©w¥¿½Tªº®É­Ô¡D DCD À³¸Ó¥u¦b¯uªº¦³³s
   ½u®É(¹³¬O¦³¤H¼·±µ¶i¨Ó)¤~³Q³]©w¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦b getty «ùÄòºÊ¬Ý¸Ó°ðªº®É­Ô¡D ÀË
   ¬d¨Ã½T©w§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥¿½T¦a°t¸m¦¨¥u¦b¯u¥¿³s½u®É¤~³]©w DCD¡D DTR À³¸Ó¦b¥ô¦ó
   ªF¦è¨Ï¥Î©ÎºÊ¬Ý½u¸ô®É³]©w¡A¹³¬O getty, kermit, ©Î¨ä¥¦³q°Tµ{¦¡¡D
   
   ¥t¤@­Ó¤Þ°_ ``device busy'' ¿ù»~ªº´¶¹M­ì¦]¬O§A³]©w§Aªº¦ê¦C°ð¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¤w¸g
   ³Q¬YºØ¨ä¥¦ªF¦è¨Ï¥Îªº¤¤Â_¡D ¦b¨C¤@­Ó³]³Æªì©l¤Æªº®É«á¡A¥¦·|­n¨D Linux ¤¹
   ³\¥¦¨Ï¥Î¥¦ªºµwÅ餤Â_¡D Linux «ùÄò°lÂܨº­Ó¤¤Â_³Q«ü©wµ¹½Ö¡A¦Ó¦pªG§Aªº¤¤Â_
   ¤w¸g³Q¦û¥Î¡A§Aªº³]³Æ±N¤£¯à¾A·í¦aªì©l¤Æ¡D ¸Ó³]³Æ¯uªº¨Ã¨S¦³¤°»ò¿ìªk§i¶D§A
   µo¥Íªº³o¥ó¨Æ¡A°£¤F·í§A¹Á¸Õ¥h¨Ï¥Î¥¦ªº®É­Ô¡A¥¦·|¦^À³ ``device-busy'' ¿ù»~
   °T®§¡D Àˬd§A©Ò¦³ªº¥d(¦ê¦C¡A¤A¤Óºô¸ô¡ASCSI ¬É­±µ¥µ¥)¡D§ä´MµwÅ餤Â_½Ä¬ð
   ªº¦a¤è¡D
   
13.3 §Ú«ùÄò±µ¨ì ``Id SN respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes''

   ½T©w§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦³¥¿½Tªº°t¸m¡D¬d¬Ý¼È¦s¾¹ E ©M Q¡D ³o¥i¯àµo¥Í¦b§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷
   ¸ò getty ·¾³qªº®É­Ô¡D
   
   ½T©w§A¥¿½T¦a±q /etc/inittab ©I¥s getty¡D ¨Ï¥Î¿ù»~ªº¤åªk©Î³]³Æ¦WºÙ±N·|¤Þ
   °_ÄY­«ªº°ÝÃD¡D
   
   ¥H¤UªkÀˬd§Aªº /etc/gettydefs ¤åªk¬O§_¥¿½T:
   
linux# getty -c /etc/gettydefs

   ³o¤]¥i¯àµo¥Í¦b uugetty ªì¨Ï¤Æ¥¢±Ñ®É¡D°Ñ¾\ [71]getty ©Î uugetty ¤´µMµLªk
   ¹B§@ ¤@¸`¡D
   
13.4 ¦ê¦C³]³Æ«ÜºC©Î¬O¦ê¦C³]³Æ¥u¯à³æ¦V¶Ç°e

   §AªºµwÅ餤Â_¥i¯à¦³½Ä¬ð¡D½T©w¨S¦³µwÅ餤Â_¬O³Q¤À¨Éªº¡D Àˬd§A©Ò¦³ªº¥d(¦ê
   ¦C¥d, ¤A¤Óºô¸ô¥d, SCSI µ¥µ¥)½T©w§A¦ê¦C³]³Æ°tªº¸õ±µ³]©w¥H¤Î setserial °Ñ
   ¼Æ¬O¥¿½Tªº¡D ¦P®ÉÀˬd /proc/ioports ¤Î /proc/interrups ¥H½T©w¬O§_¦³½Ä¬ð
   µo¥Í¡D
   
13.5 §Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¦b¬Y¤HÂ_½u«áÅõºÈ©Î¬O uugetty ¨Ã¨S¦³­«·s°õ¦æ

   ³o¦b DTR °T¸¹±¼¤U¦Ó§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨S¦³­«¸m®É·|µo¥Í¡D ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b§Ú¨­¤Wµo¥Íªº
   ®É­Ô§Ú¬Ý¨ì§Úªº RD ¸ò SD LEDs ºÆ¨g¦a°{Ã{¡D§A»Ý­nÅý§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷­«¸m¡D ¤j³¡
   ¥÷ªº Hayes ¬Û®e¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¨Ï¥Î &D3 ¨Ó°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡A¦ý¬O¦b§Úªº USR Courier ¤W¡A§Ú
   ±o­n³] &D2 ¥H¤Î S13=1¡D¬d¾\§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤â¥U¡D
   
13.6 §Ú±N§Úªº²×ºÝ¾÷³s¨ì§Úªº PC ¤W¡A¦ý¬O¦b§Ú¿é¤Jñ¤J¦WºÙ¤§«á¡A¥¦´NÂê¦í¤£°Ê

     * ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î getty: ¦b§Aªº /etc/gettydefs ¶µ¥Ø¸Ì¥i¯à¨S¦³³] CLOCAL µ¹
       ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A¦Ó¥B¥i¯à§A¥Îªº¨Ã¤£¬O§¹¾ãªº null modem ³s±µ½u¡D §A»Ý­n
       CLOCAL ¨Ó§i¶D Linux ©¿²¤¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±±¨î«H¸¹¡D¥¦¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¸Ì³o¼Ë:
       
# 38400 bps Dumb Terminal entry
DT38400# B38400 CS8 CLOCAL # B38400 SANE -ISTRIP CLOCAL #@S @L login: #DT38400

# 19200 bps Dumb Terminal entry
DT19200# B19200 CS8 CLOCAL # B19200 SANE -ISTRIP CLOCAL #@S @L login: #DT19200

# 9600 bps Dumb Terminal entry
DT9600# B9600 CS8 CLOCAL # B9600 SANE -ISTRIP CLOCAL #@S @L login: #DT9600

       ±µ¤U¨Ó¡A¥Î kill ¬å±¼¸Ó getty ¦æµ{³o¼Ë·s¦æµ{·|¥H·sªº¶µ¥Ø²£¥Í¡D
     * ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î agetty: ¥[¤W -L ºX¼Ð¨ì§Aªº /etc/initab ¤¤ªº agetty ¨º¦æ
       ¡D ³o·|¨Ï±o¥¦©¿²¤¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±±¨î«H¸¹¡DµM«áÁä¤J init q ¥H­«·s°õ¦æ init¡D
       ³o­Ó¶µ¥Ø¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë:
       
s1:345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -L 9600 ttyS1 vt100

13.7 ¦b°ª³t¤U¡A§Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷º|¥¢¸ê®Æ

   ¦pªG§A¹Á¸Õ¦b¤j©ó 38400 bps ªº³t²v¤U¨Ï¥Î§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¦Ó§A¨Ã¨S¦³ 16550A
   UARTs ªº¸Ü¡A§AÀ³¸Ó­n±N¥¦­Ì¤É¯Å¡D ¦³Ãö UARTs ªº»¡©ú°Ñ¾\ [72]¤°»ò¬O
   UARTs? ¤@¸`¡D
   
13.8 ¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¡ALinux ¨S¦³¨Ì·Ó§Úªº°t¸m¦^³ø¦ê¦C³]³Æ¡D

   ³o¬O¨Æ¹ê¡DLinux ¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¨Ã¨S¦³°µ¥ô¦óªº IRQ °»´ú¡A¥¦¥u°µ¦ê¦C³]³Æ°»´ú
   ¡D ©Ò¥H¡A¤£­n²z·|¥¦©ÒÅã¥Ü¦³ÃöµwÅ餤Â_ªº³¡¥÷¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥u¬O°²©w¨Ï¥Î¼Ð·Çªºµw
   Å餤Â_¡D ³o¬O¦]¬°µwÅ餤Â_°»´ú¤£¥i¾a¡A¦Ó¥B¥i¯à³Q¿fÄF¦Ó³o¼Ë°µªº¡D
   
   ©Ò¥H§Y¨Ï§Úªº ttyS2 ³]¦b IRQ5¡A§Ú¤´µM¬Ý¨ì
   
Jan 23 22:25:28 misfits vmunix: tty02 at 0x03e8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A

   ¦b Linux ±Ò°Ê®É¡A§A¥²¶·¨Ï¥Î setserial ¨Ó§i¶D Linux §A©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºµwÅ餤Â_¡D
   Linux ±Ò°Ê«á¡A§A¥i¥H¬d¬Ý /proc/interrupts ÀÉ¥H¤F¸Ñ¯u¥¿³Q°t¸mªº IRQ ¬O¤°
   »ò¡D
   
13.9 ·í§Ú¨Ï¥Î§Úªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¥s¥Î Linux ¾÷¾¹®É rz ¥H¤Î/©Î¬O sz ¤£°Ê

   ¦pªG Linux ¦b§A¹Á¸Õ¶Ç°eÀɮ׮ɷ|´M§ä /dev/modem ªº¸Ü¡A¬d¬Ý /etc/profile
   ¥H¤Î /etc/csh.cshrc¡D ¬Y¨Çµo¦æ®M¥ó·|¦b³o¨Ç¦a¤è©w¸q¤@¨Ç§O¦W¡A³ÌµÛ¦Wªº¬O
   Slackware¡D ³o¨Ç§O¦WÂZ¶Ã¤F zmodem µ{¦¡¡D§â¥¦­Ì®³±¼©Î¬O§ó¥¿¥¦­Ì¡D
   
13.10 §Úªº¿Ã¹õ¦L¥X¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¦nª±ªº¦r¤¸

   ³o¦b·í§A§â¤G¶i¦ì¸ê®Æ°e©¹¿Ã¹õªº®É­Ô·|µo¥Í¦bµêÀÀ±±¨î¥x¤W¡A©ÎªÌ¦³®É­Ô·|µo
   ¥Í¦b¦ê¦C³s½u¤W¡D ­×´_³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤èªk¬O¿é¤J echo ^v^[c¡D¦]¬°±±¨î¦r¤¸¤§¬G
   ¡A¥¦¬O:
   
linux% echo <ctrl>v<esc>c

13.11 getty ©Î uugetty ¤´µMµLªk¹B§@

   getty_ps ¤W¦³­Ó DEBUG ¿ï¶µ¡D½s¿è§Aªº /etc/conf.{uu}getty.ttySN °t¸mÀɨÃ
   ¥[¤W DEBUG=NNN¡D ¨ä¤¤ NNN ¬O¤U¦Cªº¼Æ¦r²Õ¦X¤§¤@¡A®Ú¾Ú§A·Q­n°»´ú¤°»ò¿ù»~
   ¦Ó©w:
   
D_OPT   001            option settings
D_DEF   002            defaults file processing
D_UTMP  004            utmp/wtmp processing
D_INIT  010            line initialization (INIT)
D_GTAB  020            gettytab file processing
D_RUN   040            other runtime diagnostics
D_RB    100            ringback debugging
D_LOCK  200            uugetty lockfile processing
D_SCH   400            schedule processing
D_ALL   777            everything

   ³]©w DEBUG=010 ¬O­Ó¶}©lªº¦n¦a¤è¡D
   
   ¦pªG§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æ syslogd ªº¸Ü¡A°»¿ù¸ê°T±N·|¥X²{¦b§Aªº°O¿ýÀɸ̡D ¦pªG§A¨S
   ¦³°õ¦æ syslogd ¨º»ò getty ªº¸ê°T±N·|¥X²{¦b /tmp/getty:ttySN ¸Ì¦Ó
   uugetty ªº¸ê°T«h·|¥X²{¦b /tmp/uugetty:ttySN ¸Ì¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦­Ì¤]·|³Q©ñ¨ì
   /var/adm/getty.log ¸Ì¥h¡D ¬d¬Ý°»¿ù¸ê°T¬Ý¬Ýµo¥Í¤F¤°»ò¡D³Ì¥i¯àªº¬O¡A§A±N
   ±o­n½Õ¾ã¤@¨Ç§A°t¸mÀɸ̪º°Ñ¼Æ¡A¨Ã¥B­«·s°t¸m§Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡D
   
   §AÀ³¸Ó¤]¥h¸Õ¸Õ mgetty¡D¦³¨Ç¤H¦b¨Ï¥Î¥¦®É§ó¬°©¯¹B¡D
   
14. ¨ä¥¦ªº¸ê°T¨Ó·½

     * ¤U¦C«ü¥Oªº½u¤W¤â¥U(man pages): agetty(8), getty(1m), gettydefs(5),
       init(1), login(1), mgetty(8), setserial(8)
     * §Aªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤â¥U
     * NET-3 HOWTO: ©Ò¦³Ãö©óºô¸ôªºªF¦è¡A¥]¬A¤F SLIP, CSLIP, ¥H¤Î PPP
     * [73]PPP HOWTO: ¦³§U©ó¨Ï¥Î PPP
     * Printing HOWTO: ¦p¦ó³]©w¦ê¦C¦Lªí¾÷
     * Term HOWTO: ©Ò¦³§A·Qª¾¹DÃö©ó term µ{¦¡ªº¨Æ±¡
     * UPS HOWTO: ³]©w³s¤W§Aªº¦ê¦C°ðªº UPS
     * UUCP HOWTO: «Ø¥ß UUCP ªº¸ê°T
     * Usenet ·s»D¸s²Õ:
       
comp.os.linux.answers
        Ãö©ó Linux ªº FAQs, How-To's, READMEs µ¥µ¥¡D
comp.os.linux.hardware
    Linux §@·~¨t²ÎªºµwÅé¬Û®e©Ê¡D
comp.os.linux.networking
        Linux ªººô¸ô¤Î³q°T¡D
comp.os.linux.setup
        Linux ªº¦w¸Ë¤Î¨t²ÎºÞ²z¡D

     * Linux ¦ê¦C¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦Cªí(mailing list)¡D­n¥[¤Jªº¸Ü¡A±H¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨ì
       [74]majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu¡A¤å³¹¤º®e¼g ``subscribe
       linux-serial''¡D ¦pªG§A¦b¤º®e¤W¼g ``help''¡A§A·|±o¨ì¤@¥÷»²§U»¡©ú¡D
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       [75]http://www.cyclades.com ¨ú±o¡D
     * Modem FAQs:
       [76]Navas 28800 Modem FAQ
       [77]Curt's High Speed Modem Page
     * ¦ê¦Cµ{¦¡¼g§@: [78]Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, by
       W. Richard Stevens (ISBN 0-201-56317-7; Addison-Wesley)
       [79]POSIX Programmer's Guide, by Donald Lewine (ISBN
       0-937175-73-0; O'Reilly)
       
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   Kris Gleason¡A¥H¤Î­t³dºûÅ@ mgetty ªº Gert D&ouml;ring¡D
   
   SERIAL HOWTO µ²§ô

References

   1. mailto:greg.hankins@cc.gatech.edu
   2. http://ultima.ncnu.edu.tw/~asdchen/
   3. http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/
   4. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html
   5. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html
   6. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Serial-HOWTO
   7. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Serial-HOWTO.html
   8. news:comp.os.linux.answers
   9. mailto:greg.hankins@cc.gatech.edu
  10. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/staff/h/Greg.Hankins/
  11. http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/pnp
  12. http://www.sealevel.com/
  13. mailto:info@comtrol.com
  14. http://www.comtrol.com/
  15. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/comtrol
  16. mailto:mhw@wittsend.atl.ga.us
  17. mailto:sales@cyclades.com
  18. http://www.cyclades.com/
  19. ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades
  20. mailto:pccom8@signum.se
  21. ftp://ftp.signum.se/pub/pccom8
  22. mailto:sales@dgii.com
  23. http://www.dgii.com/
  24. ftp://ftp.dgii.com/drivers/linux
  25. mailto:si@wimpol.demon.co.uk
  26. mailto:fray@krypton.mankato.msus.edu
  27. mailto:sales@equinox.com
  28. http://www.equinox.com/
  29. ftp://ftp.equinox.com/library/sst
  30. mailto:spot@gtek.com
  31. http://www.gtek.com/
  32. ftp://ftp.gtek.com/pub
  33. mailto:arobinso@nyx.net
  34. http://www.nyx.net/~arobinso
  35. http://www.nyx.net/~arobinso
  36. mailto:info@maxpeed.com
  37. http://www.maxpeed.com/
  38. ftp://maxpeed.com/pub/ss
  39. mailto:info@moxa.com.tw
  40. http://www.moxa.com.tw/
  41. ftp://ftp.moxa.com.tw/drivers/c218-320/linux
  42. mailto:sales@sdlcomm.com
  43. http://www.sdlcomm.com/
  44. ftp://ftp.sdlcomm.com/pub/drivers
  45. mailto:simonallen@cix.compulink.co.uk
  46. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/serial
  47. mailto:sales@stallion.com
  48. http://www.stallion.com/
  49. ftp://ftp.stallion.com/drivers/ata5/Linux
  50. http://www.ssc.com/lj/issue14
  51. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#irqaddr
  52. http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty/
  53. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#irqaddr
  54. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/
  55. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#comms
  56. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#spdhi
  57. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#dialout
  58. ftp://ftp.cc.gatech.edu/pub/people/gregh/modem-configs
  59. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/serial
  60. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#dev
  61. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/
  62. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/
  63. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/serial
  64. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/serial
  65. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/serialcomm
  66. ftp://ftp.sdsu.edu/pub/vtprint
  67. http://www.sdsu.edu/~garrett
  68. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/printing
  69. http://www.ssc.com/lj/issue36/index.html
  70. http://www.best.com/~cae/irqtune
  71. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#nowork
  72. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/Serial-HOWTO.txt.html#uart
  73. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.9643/PPP-HOWTO.html
  74. mailto:majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu
  75. http://www.cyclades.com/
  76. http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html
  77. http://www.teleport.com/~curt/modems.html
  78. http://heg-school.aw.com/cseng/authors/stevens/advanced/advanced.nclk
  79. http://www.ora.com/catalog/posix/