The Linux Sound HOWTO -- Linux ­µ®Ä«ü¤Þ
                                       
§@ªÌ: Jeff_Tranter, [1]jeff_tranter@pobox.com
ĶªÌ: ¥î¥Ã±d [2]yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net

   ¤¤¤åª© v1.20C¡A 1999 ¦~ 7 ¤ë 24 ¤é(­ì¤å v1.20, 24 March 1999)
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1. ºü½×

     * 1.1 »ÊÁÂ
     * 1.2 ³Ì·sª©¥»¦ó³B´M
     * 1.3 ¦^õX
     * 1.4 ´²¥¬®Éªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ
       
2. ­µ®Ä¥d§Þ³N

3. ¤ä´©ªºµwÅé

     * 3.1 ­µ®Ä¥d
     * 3.2 ¿ï¾Ü©Êªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡
     * 3.3 PC³â¥z
     * 3.4 ¥­¦æ(¦Lªí¾÷)°ð
       
4. ¦w¸Ë

     * 4.1 ¦w¸Ë­µ®Ä¥d
     * 4.2 ³]©wÀH´¡§Y¥Î
     * 4.3 ³]©w®Ö¤ß
     * 4.4 «Ø¥ß³]³ÆÀÉ
     * 4.5 °_°ÊLinux¤Î´ú¸Õ
     * 4.6 °ÝÃD»P¸Ñ¨M
       
5. ¤ä´©­µ®ÄªºÀ³¥Î³nÅé

6. ±`¨£°ÝÃD»P¸Ñµª

     * 6.1 ³o¤@°ï­µ®Ä³]³ÆÀɦU¥Nªí¤°»ò?
     * 6.2 «ç¼Ë¼½©ñ­µ®ÄÀÉ®×?
     * 6.3 «ç¼Ë¿ý»s­µ®ÄÀÉ?
     * 6.4 §Ú¥i¥H¦³¤£¥u¤@¤ù­µ®Ä¥d¶Ü?
     * 6.5 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: No such file or directory
     * 6.6 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: No such device
     * 6.7 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: No space left on device
     * 6.8 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: Device busy
     * 6.9 ÁÙ¬O°k¤£¤F'device busy'ªº¿ù»~!
     * 6.10 ­µ®ÄÀÉ©ñ¨ì¤@¥b´N°±¤F
     * 6.11 ¼½©ñ MOD ÀÉÂ_Â_ÄòÄò
     * 6.12 ½sĶ­µ®Ä³nÅé®É¥X¿ù
     * 6.13 ¥H«e¶]«Ü¦nªº³nÅé¡A«o¥X²{ SEGV ¿ù»~
     * 6.14 ­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³¦ó¤wª¾ªº­­¨î¤Î bug?
     * 6.15 Ãö©ó­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº ioctl µ¥¡A­þ¸Ì¦³°O¸ü?
     * 6.16 ­n§¹¥þ¥­¶¶¦a¿ý©ñ­µ¡A»Ý­n¦h±jªºCPU¤~¯à¿ì¨ì?
     * 6.17 PAS16 ©M Adaptec 1542 SCSI ¥dªº·f°t°ÝÃD
     * 6.18 ¥i¤£¥i¥H¦P®É¿ý©ñ­µ?
     * 6.19 §ÚªºÁnÅQ¥d 16 ¬O³] IRQ 2¡A¥i¬OÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£­ã§Ú³]³o­Ó­È
     * 6.20 §ÚÂ÷¶} Linux¡A°_°Ê DOS¡AµM«á¦³¨Ç³nÅéµoÁn¤£¥¿±`
     * 6.21 ¦b Linux ¤U¶] DOOM ¥X°ÝÃD
     * 6.22 «ç¼Ë­°§C­µ®Ä¥d²£¥ÍªºÂø­µ?
     * 6.23 ¯à©ñ­µ¡A¤£¯à¿ý­µ
     * 6.24 ¥²¶·¥ý¶i DOS ¶]ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¤£µM§Úªº"¬Û®e¥d"¨Sªk¥Î
     * 6.25 §Úªº 16 ¦ì¤¸ÁnÅQ¥d¬Û®e¥d¦b Linux ¤U¥u¯à¥Î 8 ¦ì¤¸¼Ò¦¡
     * 6.26 ¦b­þ¸Ì§ä±o¨ì Linux ªº­µ®ÄÀ³¥Î³nÅé?
     * 6.27 ­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¤£¥i¥H½sĶ¦¨¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ?
     * 6.28 §Ú¯à§â¥D±±¥xªº¹Í¹ÍÁn§ï¥Î­µ®Ä¥dµo¥X¶Ü?
     * 6.29 VoxWare¬O¤°»ò?
     * 6.30 Sox/Play/Vplay ¦^³ø "invalid block size 1024"
     * 6.31 §Ú¸ü¤J­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¼Ò²Õ«á¡A²V­µ³]©w´N³Q­«³]¤F
     * 6.32 ¥u¦³ root ¯à¿ý­µ
     * 6.33 ¦bIBM ThinkPad¤Wªº­µ®ÄµwÅé¥i¥H¤ä´©¶Ü?
     * 6.34 ¦]¬°§Úªº­µ®Ä¥d¨S¦³²V­µ¾¹¡A©Ò¥HÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤£Åý§Ú¥Î
     * 6.35 SB16 CT4170 ªº°ÝÃD
     * 6.36 «ç¼Ë±N MIDI keyboard ³s±µ¨ì­µ®Ä¥d¤W?
     * 6.37 IRQ 15 ¥H¤Î Ensoniq PCI 128 ¤§¶¡ªº°ÝÃD
     * 6.38 §Ú¦b­þ¨à¥i¥H§ì¨ì¥i¦Û¥Ñ´²¥¬ªº MIDI patch¡A¨Óµ¹ SoftOSS ¨Ï¥Î?
       
7. °Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. ºü½×

   ³o¬OLinux Sound HOWTO¤å¥ó¡C ¥¦ªº¥D­n¥Ø¼Ð¬O´£¨Ñ¤@¤Á¦w¸Ë¤Î«Ø¸mLinux­µ®Ä¤ä
   ´©©Ò»Ýª¾ ÃѪº§Ö³t°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡C §Ú­Ì¤@¤è­±¦^µªÃö©óLinux¤UÃö©ó­µ®Äªº±`¨£°ÝÃD
   ¡A¥t¤@¤è­±¤]«ü¥X Ãö©ó¹q¸£­µ®Ä/­µ¼Ö¤è­±ºØºØ¥DÃDªº°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æªº¨Ó·½¡C
   
   ¥»¤åªº½d³ò¶È¤Î©ó¾A¦X¥Î©ó Linux ªº­µ®Ä¥d¤è­±¡C ¹ï©ó­µ®Ä¥d¤Î¹q¸£­µ®Ä/­µ¼Ö
   ­ì²zªº¸ê®Æ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm¨º¸`¦C¥Xªº¤å¥ó¡C
   
1.1 »ÊÁÂ

   ³o¥÷¤å¥ó«Ü¦h¨Ó¦Û­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡µ{¦¡½X©Òªþªº¤å¥ó(¥Ñ Hannu Savolainen(
   [3]hannu@voxware.pp.fi)¼¶¼g)¡C ÁÂÁÂHannu¡AAlan Cox¡A¤Î¶}µo Linux ®Ö¤ß­µ
   ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A ¥H¤Î¤½¥Îµ{¦¡ªº³\³\¦h¦h¨ä¥L¤H­Ì¡C
   
   ¥Ñ©ó¦³ [4]SGML Tools ®M¥ó¡A¨Ï±o¥»¤å¥ó¥i¥H¥Ñ¤@­Ó­ì©lÀɲ£¥Í¥X´XºØ¤£¦P®æ¦¡
   ¡C
   
1.2 ³Ì·sª©¥»¦ó³B´M

   ¥»¤å¥ó¤§³Ì·sª©¥»±N©w´Á±i¶K©ó [5]comp.os.linux.answers ·s»D²Õ; ¥¦¤]·|©ñ
   ¨ì«Ü¦h«O¦s³oÃþ¸ê°Tªº°Î¦Wftp¯¸¡A½Ñ¦p
   [6]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/
   
   ¥»¤å¥ó¤Î¨ä¥¦ HOWTO ¤å¥óªº¶W¤å¦rª©¤]©ñ¦b«Ü¦h WWW ¯¸¥x¤W¡A¥]¬A
   [7]http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/ «Ü¦h Linux ªº CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë®M¥ó¤]¤º§t
   HOWTO ¤å¥ó¡A³q±`©ñ¦b /usr/doc/ ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C ¦³®É¦bCD-ROM ¤Wªº¡A©Î¦C¦Lªº¡A©Î
   ¦bftp¯¸¸Ìªº·|¬O¹L®Éªºª©¥»¡C ¦pªG¦b¥» HOWTO ¤Wªº¤é´Á¤w¶Z¤µ¶W¹L ¤»­Ó¤ë¡A
   ¨º»ò¦bInternet¤W¥i¯à¤w¸g¦³·sª©¤F¡C
   
   ­n½Ð±zª`·Nªº¬O¡A¥Ñ©óºô»Úºô¸ôªº°ÊºA©Ê½è¡A¦b¥»¤å¥ó¤¤©Ò¦³ªº WWW ¤Î FTP ³s
   µ²³£¥i¯àµo¥Í§ïÅÜ¡C
   
   ¥»¤å¥ó¥ç³Q½Ķ¬°´X­Ó¤£¦P»y¨¥ªºª©¥»:
   
   ¤¤¤å: [8]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Sound-HOWTO.html
   
   ªk¤å: [9]http://www.freenix.org/unix/linux/HOWTO/
   
   ¤é¤å: [10]http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/
   
   Áú¤å: [11]http://kldp.linux-kr.org/HOWTO/html/Sound/Sound-HOWTO.html
   
   «X¤å:
   [12]http://www.phtd.tpu.edu.ru/~ott/russian/linux/howto-rus/Sound-HOWT
   O.html
   
   ¦è¯Z¤ú¤å: [13]ftp://ftp.insflug.org/es
   
   ¦h¼Æ¥»¤å¥ó¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº Linux HOWTO ªºÂ½Ä¶ª©¤]¥i¥H¦b
   [14]http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/ ¥H¤Î
   [15]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/§ä¨ì¡C ¦pªG
   ±z±N¥»¤å¥ó½°µ¨ä¥¦»y¨¥¡A½Ð§i¶D§Ú¡A§Ú·|¦b³o¸Ì´À¥¦°µ­Ó³sµ²¡C
   
1.3 ¦^õX

   ³o¥÷ HOWTO ¤å¥ó¡A»Ý­n¦U¦ìŪªÌ¨ó§U¡A¤~¯à¶V¨Ó¶V¦n¥Î¡C ¦pªG±z¦³¥ô¦ó«Øij¡A
   ­×¥¿¡A ©Î·N¨£¡A½Ð§i¶D§@ªÌ( [16]jeff_tranter@pobox.com)¡C §Ú±N·|¦b¤U¤@ª©
   ¸ÕµÛ¥[¤J³o¨Ç·N¨£¡C
   
   (Ķª`: ¹ï¥»¤¤¤åª©ªº·N¨£¡A½Ð§i¶D [17]ĶªÌ(yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net)¡C)
   
   §Ú¤]«Ü¼Ö·NºÉ§Ú¯à¤O¦^µªÃö©ó­µ®Ä¥d¤ÎLinuxªº¤@¯ë°ÝÃD¡C ¦ý¦b³o¤§«e¡A½Ð¥ý­@
   ¤ßŪ§¹³o ¾ã½g HOWTO¡AµM«á¦Aµ¹§Ú©M³o°ÝÃD¬ÛÃöªº©Ò¦³²Ó¸`¸ê°T¡C ½Ð¤£­n°Ý§Ú
   ¦b«DLinux§@·~¨t²Î ¤UÃö©ó­µ®Ä¥dªº°ÝÃD¡C
   
   ¦pªG±z¦b°ßŪ¥úºÐ¤W©Î¥Hµw«þ¨©§Î¦¡µo¦æ¦¹¤å¥ó¡AÅwªïªþ°e¤@¥÷¹L¨Ó¡C ½Ð±H¨ì§Ú
   ªº¦¬«H¦a §}¡C ¤]½Ð¦Ò¼{¤@¤U¹ï Linux ¤å¥ó­pµe§@ÂI©^Äm¡A¥H¤ä«ù Linux ªº§K
   ¶O¤å¥ó¡C ½Ð©MLinux HOWTO ¨ó½Õ¤H Tim Bynum (
   [18]mailto:linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu )Ápµ¸¥H±o¨ì§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C
   
1.4 ´²¥¬®Éªºª`·N¨Æ¶µ

   Copyright (c) 1995-1999 by Jeff Tranter.
   
   ¤¤¤åª©ª©Åv¬°¥î¥Ã±d¤Î Jeff Tranter (1997-1999) ©Ò¦³¡C
   
   This document may be distributed under the terms set forth in the LDP
   license at [19]http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html
   
   ¥»¤å¥ó±o¨Ì·Ó [20]http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html ©Ò°O¸ü¤§
   LDP °õ·Óªº±ø´Úµo¦æ¡C
   
2. ­µ®Ä¥d§Þ³N

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   ·§­n¡C ¦pªG·Q§ó¶i¤@¨B¤F¸Ñ¡A½Ð§ä¼Æ¦ì­µ°T©Î¼Æ¦ì«H¸¹³B²zªº¬ÛÃö®ÑÄy¡C
   
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   «o¬O¼Æ¦ìªº¡A¥u¯àªí¥Ü½d³ò¤¤ªº´X­ÓÂI¡C ¬°¤FÅýÁn­µ¯à¦s¶i°O¾ÐÅé¡A ­µ®Ä¥d¥Î
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   ¨ÑÀx¦s¡C ¥t¥~¤]¥Î¤@­Ó¼Æ¦ì/Ãþ¤ñÂà´«¾¹(D/A©ÎDAC) ±N¼Æ¦r¤Ï¹L¨ÓÂà´«¦¨¹qÀ£¡A
   °e¶i³â¥z¡Aµo¥XÁn­µ¡C
   
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3. ¤ä´©ªºµwÅé

   ³o¤@¸`¦C¥X¥Ø«e Linux ¤ä´©ªº­µ®Ä¥d¤Î­µ®Ä¤¶­±¡A ¥H¼¶¼g®É³Ì·sªº Linux ®Ö¤ß
   ¬°°ò·Ç¡A¦b¥»¤å¼¶¼g®É¬O 2.2.4¡C ³o¥÷¤å¥ó¥u¹ï¥]§t¦b¼Ð·Ç Linux ®Ö¤ß½X¤¤ªº
   ­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³®Ä¡C Linux ¤W©|¦³¨ä¥¦ªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦s¦b(½Ð¬Ý«á­±Ãö©ó ¿ï¾Ü
   ©Êªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡ ¤@¸`)
   
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   ªºÀɮסA³q±`¸Ë¦b/usr/src/linux/Documentation/sound ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C
   
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3.1 ­µ®Ä¥d

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     * 6850 UART MIDI Interface
     * AD1816/AD1816A based cards
     * ADSP-2115
     * ALS-007 based cards (Avance Logic)
     * ATI Stereo F/X (°±²£)
     * Acer FX-3D
     * AdLib (°±²£)
     * Audio Excel DSP 16
     * AudioDrive
     * CMI8330 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Compaq Deskpro XL onboard sound
     * Corel Netwinder WaveArtist
     * Crystal CS423x
     * ESC614
     * ESS1688 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ESS1788 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ESS1868 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ESS1869 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ESS1887 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ESS1888 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ESS688 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ES1370 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * ES1371 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Ensoniq AudioPCI (ES1370)
     * Ensoniq AudioPCI 97 (ES1371)
     * Ensoniq SoundScape (¤Î¥ÑReveal©MSpea¥Í²£ªº¬Û®e¥d)
     * Gallant SC-6000
     * Gallant SC-6600
     * Gravis Ultrasound
     * Gravis Ultrasound ACE
     * Gravis Ultrasound Max
     * Gravis Ultrasound with 16 bit sampling option
     * HP Kayak
     * Highscreen Sound-Booster 32 Wave 3D
     * IBM MWAVE
     * Logitech Sound Man 16
     * Logitech SoundMan Games
     * Logitech SoundMan Wave
     * MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C928¡A82C929¡A82C930¡A82C924 ´¹¤ù)
     * Media Vision Jazz16
     * MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro
     * Microsoft Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)
     * MiroSOUND PCM12
     * Mozart (OAK OTI-601)
     * OPTi 82C931
     * Orchid SW32
     * Personal Sound System (PSS)
     * Pinnacle MultiSound
     * Pro Audio Spectrum 16
     * Pro Audio Studio 16
     * Pro Sonic 16
     * Roland MPU-401 MIDI interface
     * S3 SonicVibes
     * SY-1816
     * Sound Blaster 1.0
     * Sound Blaster 2.0
     * Sound Blaster 16
     * Sound Blaster 16ASP
     * Sound Blaster 32
     * Sound Blaster 64
     * Sound Blaster AWE32
     * Sound Blaster AWE64
     * Sound Blaster PCI 128
     * Sound Blaster Pro
     * Sound Blaster Vibra16
     * Sound Blaster Vibra16X
     * TI TM4000M notebook
     * Terratec Base 1
     * Terratec Base 64
     * ThunderBoard
     * Turtle Beach Maui
     * Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic
     * Turtle Beach MultiSound Fiji
     * Turtle Beach MultiSound Hurricane
     * Turtle Beach MultiSound Monterey
     * Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle
     * Turtle Beach MultiSound Tahiti
     * Turtle Beach WaveFront Maui
     * Turtle Beach WaveFront Tropez
     * Turtle Beach WaveFront Tropez+
     * VIA chip set
     * VIDC 16-bit sound
     * Yamaha OPL2 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Yamaha OPL3 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Yamaha OPL3-SA1 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Yamaha OPL3-SA2 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Yamaha OPL3-SA3 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Yamaha OPL3-SAx ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
     * Yamaha OPL4 ­µ®Ä´¹¤ù
       
   ¹ï"¬Û®e"¤@µü¦³¨Ç¸Ü¥ý»¡¦b«e: ÁöµM¤j¦h¼Æ­µ®Ä¥d¸¹ºÙ¬Û®e©óÁnÅQ¥d¡A ¦ý¯à
   ¥ÎLinuxªºÁnÅQ¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¥d¤Ö¤§¤S¤Ö¡C ³o¨Ç¥d¦pªG¥Î MSS/WSS ©Î MAD16 ÅX
   °Êµ{¦¡³q±`·|§ó¦n¡C ¥u¦³¯u¥¿¥Ñ Creative Labs °µªºÁnÅQ¥d(¥Î Creative ªº´¹
   ¤ù¡A¦p SoundBlaster16 Vibra)¡A©Î MV Jazz16 ¤Î ESS688/1688 ªº¥d¤~¯àµL°Ý
   ÃDªº¥ÎÁnÅQ¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C ¦b©Ò¿× "ÁnÅQ¥d¬Û®eªº16¦ì¤¸ ­µ®Ä¥d" ¤W¥ÎÁnÅQ¥dÅX
   °Êµ{¦¡¥u¬O®ö¶O®É¶¡½}¤F¡C
   
   Linux ®Ö¤ß¤]¤ä´©¦b­µ®Ä¥d¤Wªº SCSI ¤¶­±(ProAudioSpectrum 16)¤Î±MÄÝ¥úºÐ¾÷
   ¤¶­± (¦pÁnÅQ¥d Pro)¡C ½Ð¬Ý Linux [21]SCSI HOWTO ¤Î [22]CDROM HOWTO ¤å¥ó
   ¥H§@§ó²`¤J¤F¸Ñ¡C
   
   (Ķª`: CDROM HOWTO ¤¤¤åª©¦b
   [23]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/CDROM-HOWTO.html)
   
   ¦b­µ®Ä¥d¤W±`¨£ªº·n±ì¤¶­±¡A¤]¦³­Ó®Ö¤ß¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ¤ä´©¡C
   
   ª`·N³o¸Ì´£¨ìªºSCSI¡ACD-ROM¡A·n±ì¤Î­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡©¼¦¹¬OµLÃöªº¡C
   
3.2 ¿ï¾Ü©Êªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡

   Linux ®Ö¤ßªº­µ®Ä¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡³Ì¦­¬O¥Ñ Hannu Savolainen ¼gªº¡C Hannu «á¨ÓÄ~
   Äò¶}µo Open Sound System¡A¤@­Ó¥Ñ 4Front Technologies ¥X°â¡A¤ä´©¦hºØ
   Unix ¨t²Îªº°Ó·~ª©¥»­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C Red Hat Software «á¨Ó¸ê§U Alan Cox ¨Ó
   ¼W±j®Ö¤ß­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¨Ï¥¦­Ì§¹¥þ¼Ò²Õ¤Æ¡C «Ü¦h¨ä¥L¤H¤]¨ó§U°£¿ù¡A ¥H¤Îµo
   ®i·s­µ®Ä¥dªºÃB¥~ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C ³o¨Ç­×§ï¹LªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥Ñ Red Hat ¦b¥L­Ìªº 5.0
   ¨ì 5.2 ª©µo¦æ®M¥ó¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡C ¥Ø«e³o¨Ç§ïÅܤw¸g¦b 2.0 ª©¾ã¦X¶i¼Ð·Ç®Ö¤ß¤¤¡C
   Alan Cox ¬O²{¦b¼Ð·Ç®Ö¤ß­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªººûÅ@¤H¡AÁöµM Hannu ¨C¹j¨Ç®É­Ô¤´·|
   ±a¶i¤@¨Ç¥Ñ°Ó·~ª©¤À³Î¥X¨Óªºµ{¦¡½X¶i¨Ó¡C
   
   °Ó·~ª©¥»ªº Open Sound System ÅX°Êµ{¦¡(¥Ñ 4Front Technologies µo®i)¤ñ¸û
   °_¨Ó®e©ö³]©w¡A¤]¤ä´©¸û¦hªº¥d¡A¯S§O¬O·sªº­µ®Ä¥d¡C ¥¦¤]©M¹ï¼Ð·Ç®Ö¤ßÅX°Êµ{
   ¦¡¼gªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¬Û®e¡C ¯ÊÂI¬O±z­nªá¿ú¡A¤]¤£·|±o¨ì­ì©l½X¡C ±z¥i¦b¨M©w­n¤£
   ­n¶R¥H«e¥ý¤U¸ü§K¶O¸Õ¥Îª©¡C §ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê°T¥i¦b4Front Technologiesªººô¯¸
   [24]http://www.opensound.com¨ú±o¡C
   
   Jaroslav Kysela¤Î¨ä¥L¤H¬°Gravis UltraSound­µ®Ä¥d¼g¤F¥i¿ïªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C ³o
   ­Ó­pµe«á¨Ó§ï¦W¬°Advanced Linux Sound Architecture(¥ý¶i Linux ­µ®Ä¬[ºc
   ¡AALSA)¡A²£¥Í¤F¤@­Ó¥L­Ì»{¬°§ó¥[¤@¯ë¥i¥Î¡A ¥B¥i¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N®Ö¤ß¤¤ªº­µ®ÄÅX°Ê
   µ{¦¡¡C ALSA ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤ä´©³\¦h±`¨£ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A ¦Ó¥B¬O¥þÂù¤u¡A¥þ¼Ò²Õ¤Æ¡A©M²{
   ¦s®Ö¤ß¤¤ªº­µ®Ä¬[ºc¬Û®e¡C ALSA ­pµeªº¥D­nºô¯¸¦b
   [25]http://www.alsa-project.org¡C ¦³­Ó¥t¥~ªº "Alsa-sound-mini-HOWTO"¡A
   ¸Ì­±¥D­n¬O¦p¦ó½sĶ¤Î¦w¸Ë³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C
   
   Markus Mummert ( [26]mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de¼g¤Fµ¹ Turtle
   Beach MultiSound(classic) ¡ATahiti¡A¤ÎMonterey­µ®Ä¥d¥ÎªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¤å¥ó
   ¤¤´£¨ì:
   
     "It is designed for high quality hard disk recording/playback
     without losing sync even on a busy system¡C Other features such as
     wave synthesis¡AMIDI and digital signal processor (DSP) cannot be
     used¡C Also¡Arecording and playback at the same time is not
     possible¡C It currently replaces VoxWare and was tested on several
     kernel versions ranging from 1.0.9 to 1.2.1¡C Also¡Ait is
     installable on UN*X SysV386R3.2 systems."
     (¥¦¬O¬°°ª«~½èµwºÐ¿ý©ñ­µ³]­p¡A§Y¨Ï¨t²Î­t¸ü¤j¡A¤]¤£·|±¼­µ¡C ¨ä¥¦¦pªi§Î
     ¦X¦¨¡A MIDI ¤Î¼Æ¦ì«H¸¹³B²z¾¹ (DSP) «h¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î¡C ¤]¤£¯à¦P®É¿ý©ñ­µ¡C
     ¥¦¥Ø«e¥i¨ú¥N VoxWare ¡A¨Ã¦b1.0.9¨ì1.2.1ª©®Ö¤ß´ú¸Õ¹L¡C ¥¦¤]¥i¥H¸Ë¦b
     UN*X SysV386R3.2 ¨t²Î¤W¡C)
     
   ¥i¦b [27]http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeach§ä¨ì¡C
   
   Kim Burgaard ( [28]burgaard@daimi.aau.dk ¼g¤Fµ¹ MPU-401 MIDI ¤¶­±¥ÎªºÅX
   °Êµ{¦¡¤Î¤½¥Îµ{¦¡¡C Linux Software Map µ¹¤©¦p¤Uªº¤¶²Ð:
   
     "A device driver for true Roland MPU-401 compatible MIDI interfaces
     (including Roland SCC-1 and RAP-10/ATW-10)¡C Comes with a useful
     collection of utilities including a Standard MIDI File player and
     recorder.
     (¤@­Óµ¹©M MPU-401§¹¥þ¬Û®eªº MIDI ¤¶­±(¥]¬A Roland SCC-1
     ¤ÎRAP-10/ATW-10) ¥Î ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C ¤]ªþ±a¤F¦n¥Îªº¤½¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¥]¬A¼Ð·Çªº
     MIDI Àɼ½©ñ¾¹¤Î¿ý»sµ{¦¡¡C)
     
     Numerous improvements have been made since version 0.11a¡C Among
     other things¡Athe driver now features IRQ sharing policy and
     complies with the new kernel module interface¡C Metronome
     functionality¡Apossibility for synchronizing e.g¡C graphics on a
     per beat basis without losing precision¡Aadvanced
     replay/record/overdub interface and much¡Amuch more."
     (±q 0.11a ª©°_¡A¤S¶i¦æ¤F¦h¶µ§ï¶i¡C ¨ä¤¤¥]¬A¤F IRQ ¦@¥Î¡AÁÙ¦³¥i½sĶ¬°
     ®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ¡C ¸`©ç¾¹¥\¯à¥i¹F¨ì¨C¤@©ç³£¦P¨B¦Ó¤£³à¥¢·Ç«×¡A§ï¨}ªº­«¼½/¿ý­µ
     ¤Îoverdub(?) ¤¶­±¤Î«Ü¦h«Ü¦h¡C)
     
   ¥i¦b
   [29]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz §ä¨ì
   ¡C
   
   ­µ®Ä¥d¦bLinux¤UÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó·s©_¥Î³~ -- ·í§@·~¾lµL½u¹qªº½ÕÅܾ¹¡C 2.1.x ª©¤Î
   ¥H«áªº®Ö¤ß¥]§t¤F¤@­Ó§Q¥ÎÁnÅQ¥d¤Î Windows Sound System ¬Û®e¥d¨Ó¹ê§@
   1200 bps AFSK ¤Î 9600 bps FSK «Ê¥]¨ó©wªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C ¸Ô±¡½Ð¨£ Linux AX25
   HOWTO¡C (§Ú(§@ªÌ)¤]¬O­Ó¤õ»L±Ú¡A¥N¸¹ VE3ICH)
   
3.3 PC³â¥z

   ¥t¥~ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó¤£­nÃB¥~µwÅ骺ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¥¦§Q¥ÎPC³â¥z¡C ¥¦©M­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡³nÅé
   ¤W¤jÅé¬Û®e¡A¦ý¥i¥H·Q¨£ªº¡A¥¦ªº­µ½è®t¦h¤F¡ACPU­t¾á¤]°ª¦h¤F¡C ¥¦²£¥Íªºµ²
   ªGµø¦U§O³â¥zªº¯S©Ê¦Ó¦³«Ü¤j®t§O¡C ½Ð¬Ý¤ºªþªº¤å¥ó¥H§ó²`ªº¤F¸Ñ¡C
   
   ³o­Ó³nÅé¤w¦³¤@¬q®É¶¡¨S¦³§ó·s¤F¡A¥i¦b
   [30]ftp://ftp.infomatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/os/linux/hu-sound/§ä¨ì¡C
   
3.4 ¥­¦æ(¦Lªí¾÷)°ð

   ÁÙ¦³­Ó¿ï¾Ü¡A´N¬O¥Î¥­¦æ°ð¥[¤W¤@¨ÇªF¦è°µ¼Æ¦ì/Ãþ¤ñÂà´«¡C ¥¦ªº­µ½è¤ñ PC ³â
   ¥z¦n¡A¦ý CPU ­t¸ü¤´¶û°ª¡C «e¤@¤p¸`´£¨ìªº³â¥zÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³¤ä´©¡A¥¦ÁÙ¥]§t¤F
   »s³y©Ò»ÝµwÅ骺»¡©ú¡C
   
4. ¦w¸Ë

   ­n¦bLinux¤U¤ä´©­µ®Ä¡A¥²¶·¥ý¶i¦æ¥H¤U¨BÆJ:
   
    1. ¦w¸Ë­µ®Ä¥d
    2. ³]©wÀH´¡§Y¥Î(Plug and Play)(¦pªG¥i¥H/»Ý­nªº¸Ü)
    3. «Ø³y®Ö¤ß¡A¨Ï¤§¤ä´©­µ®Ä
    4. «Ø³y³]³ÆÀÉ
    5. ±Ò°ÊLinux®Ö¤ß¡A¨Ã´ú¸Õ
       
   ¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Î Red Hat Linux¡A¸Ì­±¦³­Ó¤½¥Îµ{¦¡¥s sndconfig¡A ¦b¦h¼Æ±¡§Î¤U¯à
   ¦Û°Ê°»´ú±zªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A¨Ã³]©w©Ò»Ýªº³]©wÀÉ¡A¸ü¤J©Ò»ÝªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C ¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Î
   Red Hat §Ú«Øij±z¸Õ¸Õ¥¦¡C ¦pªG¥¦¦¨¥\¤F¡A¥»³¹«á­±ªº«ü¥Ü´N¥i¥H¸õ¹L¡C
   
   ¦pªG sndconfig ¥¢±Ñ¤F¡A©Î±z¨Ï¥Î§Oªºµo¦æ®M¥ó¡A ©Î±z·Q­n¸g¥Ñ¤â°Ê³]©w§ó¶i
   ¤@¨B¤F¸Ñ¾ã­Ó¹B§@¹Lµ{¡A©³¤U±N·|¸Ô¥[¸Ñ»¡¨C¤@¨BÆJ¡C
   
4.1 ¦w¸Ë­µ®Ä¥d

   «ö·Ó»¡©ú®Ñªº«ü¥Ü¡A¦w¸ËµwÅé¡A©Î¬O½Ð¼t°Ó¨Ó¸Ë¡C
   
   ªº­µ®Ä¥d³q±`¦³¶}Ãö©Î¸õ½u¡A¥H³]©wIRQ¡ADMA³q¹Dµ¥¡A½Ð§â³o¨Ç³]©w°O¤U¨Ó¡C
   ¦pªG±z¤£½T©w­n«ç»ò½Õ¡A´N·Ó¥X¼t­È¡C ¥i¯àªº¸Ü¡AÁקK©M¨ä¥¦³]³Æ(¦pºô¸ô¥d
   ¡ASCSI¥d¡A ¥­¦æ¤Î¦ê¦C°ð)¬Û½Ä¡C
   
   ­Y±z¦bDOS¤U¦³¨Ï¥Î­µ®Ä¥d¡A³q±`À³¸Ó³]¦¨©MDOS¤U¤@¼Ë¡C ¤£¹L¦³¨Ç±¡ªp¤U(¯S§O
   ¬OPnPªº ¥d)¤]¥i¯à­n³]¦¨©MDOS¤£¤@¼Ëªº­È¡C ³o®É¥i¯à­n¹êÅç¤@¤U¡C
   
4.2 ³]©wÀH´¡§Y¥Î

   ²{¦b¦h¼Æ­µ®Ä¥d¥ÎÀH´¡§Y¥Î¨ó©w¨Ó³]©w I/O ¦ì§}¡A¤¤Â_¤Î DMA ³q¹D¸¹½X¡C ¦pªG
   ±z¨Ï¥Îªº¬O³]©w­È©T©wªº©Î¬O¦³¸õ½u½Õ¾ãªº¡A¨º»ò±z¥i¥H¸õ¹L³o¤@¸`¡C
   
   ¦b 2.2 ª©®Ö¤ß¤¤¡A¤´µMÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¥þ¤ä´©ÀH´¡§Y¥Î¡C ¸û¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¤§¹D¬O¨Ï¥Î³\¦h
   Linux µo¦æ®M¥ó¤¤©Òªþ isapnp ¤u¨ã(©Î±z¤]¥i¥H±q Red Hat ªººô¯¸
   [31]http://www.redhat.com/¤U¸ü)¡C
   
   ­º¥ý¬d¬Ý±zªº Linux ¦w¸Ë®M¥ó¤¤ªº¤å¥ó¡C ¥¦¥i¯à¦­À°±z³]©w¦nÀH´¡§Y¥Î¤F¡A ©Î
   ªÌ¥i¯à©M©³¤UÁ¿ªº²¤¦³¤£¦P¡C ¦pªG±z­n¤â°Ê³]©w¡Aisapnp ¤u¨ãªº²Ó¸`¥i¥H¦b
   man page ¤¤§ä¨ì¡C ²³æªº»¡¡A±z­n¸g¾úªºµ{§Ç¦³:
   
     * ¨Ï¥Î pnpdump ¨Ó§ì¨ú©Ò¦³±zªºÀH´¡§Y¥Î³]³Æªº¥i¯à³]©w¡A§âµ²ªG¦s¦¨
       /etc/isapnp.conf¡C
     * ¥Ñ¨ä¤¤¿ï¾Ü©M¨ä¥¦³]³Æ¤£¬Û½Ä¬ðªº³]©w¡A¨Ã±N¦b /etc/isapnp.conf ¤¤ªº¬Û
       ¹ïÀ³¦æ³]¦¨¦³®Ä¦æ(uncomment)¡C §O§Ñ¤F§â±µªñÀɧÀªº(ACT Y)«eªºµù¸Ñ²Å¸¹
       ®ø±¼¡C
     * ½T©w¶}¾÷®É·|°õ¦æ¨ì isapnp¡A³o³q±`¥Ñ¶}¾÷°õ¦æªº©R¥O½Z¤§¤@§¹¦¨¡C ­«¶}
       ¾÷©Î¤â°Ê°õ¦æ isapnp¡C
       
   ¦pªG¬°¤F¤@¨Ç²z¥Ñ±zµLªk©Î¤£·Q¨Ï¥Î isapnp ¤u¨ã¡AÁÙ¦³´XºØ¿ï¾Ü¡C ¦pªG±z¦b
   Microsoft Windows 95 ©Î 98¡A±z¥i¥H§Q¥Î¸Ë¸mºÞ²z­û¨Ó³]©w¥d¡AµM«á¥Î
   loadlin ·x¶}¾÷¶i¤J Linux¡C ½T©w Linux ¤Î Windows ¨Ï¥Î¬Û¦Pªº³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¡C
   
   ¦pªG±z¦b DOS ¤U¨Ï¥Î³o¤ù¥d¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î SoundBlaster16 PnP ¥dªþªº icu ¤½¥Î
   µ{¦¡¡AµM«á¥Î LOADLIN ·x¶}¾÷¶i Linux¡C ¤@¼Ë¡A½T©w DOS ©M Linux ¥Î¤@¼Ëªº
   ³]©w¡C
   
   ¦³¨Ç­µ®Ä¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡»Ý­n³nÅé¨Óªì©l¤Æ¥dªºÀH´¡§Y¥Î¥\¯à¡C ½Ð¬Ý¥dªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº
   »¡©ú¤å¥ó±o¨ì§ó¸Ô²Ó¸ê°T¡C
   
4.3 ³]©w®Ö¤ß

   ¦w¸Ë®É±z¥Îªº¬O¹w¥ý½sĶ¹Lªº®Ö¤ß¡A¥¦­Ì³q±`¬O¤£¤ä´©­µ®Äªº¡C ©Ò¥H³Ì¦n¦Û¤v½s
   Ķ¾A¦X¦Û ¤v¥Îªº®Ö¤ß¡C ¦Ó¥B¡A±z¤]¥i¯à·Q­nÂǦ¹¨Ó¤É¯Å¨ì§ó·sª©ªº®Ö¤ß¡A©Î¬O
   ÁY¤p®Ö¤ßÅé¿n¡A¼W¥[ ¥i¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C µM«á¡A·í±zªº­µ®Ä¥d¯à¨Ï¥Î«á¡A±z¥i¯à·Q
   ­««Ø®Ö¤ß¡A §â­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡°µ¦¨¼Ò²Õ¡C
   
   ¦b¦p¦ó«Ø³y®Ö¤ß¤è­±¡A±zÀ³¸Ó°Ñ¦Ò [32]Linux Kernel HOWTO¡C §Ú¦b³o¸Ì¥u´£©M
   ­µ®Ä¥d¬ÛÃöªº³¡¥÷¡C (Ķª`: ¤¤¤åª©¦b
   [33]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Kernel-HOWTO.html
   
   ¦pªG±zÁÙ¨S¦³½sĶ®Ö¤ß¡A¥[¤J­µ®Ä¤ä´©ªº¸gÅç¡A¥ýŪ¤@¤U®Ö¤ßÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸Ìªº¬ÛÃö
   ¤å¥ó (¯S§O¬OÃö©ó±zªº­µ®Ä¥dªº³¡¥÷)¬O­Ó¤£¿ùªº¥D·N¡C ³o¨ÇÀÉ®×¥i¥H¦b®Ö¤ß¤å
   ¥ó¥Ø¿ý¤¤§ä¨ì¡A³q±`¦b /usr/src/linux/Documentation/sound¡C ¦pªG¨S¦³³o­Ó
   ¥Ø¿ý¡A ±z¥i¯àÁÙ¦b¨Ï¥Î«D±`ªº®Ö¤ß¡A©Î¬O®Ú¥»¨S¸Ë®Ö¤ß­ì©l½X¡C
   
   ·Ó¤@¯ë³y®Ö¤ßªºµ{§Ç¨Ó´N¦n¡C ¥Ø«e³]©w®Ö¤ß¦³¤TºØ¤¶­±¥i¿ï¾Ü¡C ¥Î "make
   xconfig " ¥i¥s¥X¦bX11¤Uªº¹Ï§Î³]©w¤¶­±; ¥Î "make menuconfig" «h¬O¤å¦r ¼Ò
   ¦¡ªº¿ï³æ¤¶­±; ³Ì­ì©lªº¤èªk¡A«h¬O¥Î "make config"¡A´£¨Ñ¤F²³æªº¤å ¦r°Ýµª
   ¤¶­±¡C
   
   ·í³]©w®Ö¤ß®É¡A¦b¿ï¾Ü±zªº­µ®Ä¥d¤ÎÅX°Êµ{¦¡¿ï¶µ®É·|¦³«Ü¦h¿ï¾Ü¡C ¦b³]©w¤u¨ã
   ¤¤ªº½u¤W¨D§UÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¬°±z¸ÑÄÀ¨C¤@­Ó¿ï¶µ¬O¤°»ò¡C ¨Ì·Ó±z©Òª¾ªº¡A ¿ï¾Ü³Ì¾A
   ·íªº¿ï¶µ¡C
   
   ¦b³]©w§¹©Ò¦³¿ï¶µ«á¡A±zÀ³¸Ó·Ó Kernel HOWTO ¨Ó­«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡C
   
4.4 «Ø¥ß³]³ÆÀÉ

   ¬°¤F¥¿±`ªº¾Þ§@¡A¥²¶·¬°¦U­µ®Ä³]³Æ«Ø¥ß³]³ÆÀÉ¡C ¥¿±`ª¬ªp¤U¦b±z¸Ë Linux ®É
   ´N¤w¸g «Ø¦n¤F¡A¥i¥H¥Î¤U¦Cªº©R¥O§Ö³tÀˬd¤@¤U¡C ¦pªG¿é¥Xµ²ªG©M¤U­±«Ü¹³(¤é
   ´Á¤£¤@¼Ë ¨SÃö«Y)¡A¨º»ò³]³ÆÀÉ®t¤£¦h¬O³]©w¥¿½T¤F¡C
   
% ls -l /dev/sndstat
crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root      14¡A  6 Apr 25  1995 /dev/sndstat

   ª`·N¦³¤F¥¿½Tªº³]³ÆÀɨ䣫OÃÒ¤@¤Á§¹¬ü¤F¡C ¦b³]³Æ¯à¥Î¥H«e¡AÁÙ¬O­n¥ý¸ü¤J©Î
   ¥[¶i ®Ö¤ßÅX°Êµ{¦¡(µy«á¦A¸Ô­z)¡C
   
   ¦b·¥¤Ö¼Æ±¡ªp¡A¦pªG±z½T«H³]³ÆÀɳ]¿ù¡A±z¥i¥H­««Ø¥¦­Ì¡C ¦h¼Æ Linux µo¦æ®M
   ¥ó¦³¦³­Ó /dev/MAKEDEV ©R¥O½Z¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó°µ³o¨Æ¡C
   
4.5 °_°ÊLinux¤Î´ú¸Õ

   ±z¦Ü¦¹À³¸Ó¥i¥H·Ç³Æ°_°Ê·s®Ö¤ß¡A´ú¸ÕÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤F¡C ·ÓµÛ±z¥­®É¦w¸Ë¤Î­«±Ò°Ê·s
   ®Ö¤ßªº¨B ÆJ¥h°µ(·íµM¡A«O¯d¤@¥÷®֤ߥH¨¾¸U¤@)¡C
   
   ¦b°_°Ê¤¤¡AÀˬd¤@¤U¦³¨S¦³Ãþ¦ü¥H¤Uªº°T®§:(¦pªG°T®§±²°Ê¤Ó§Ö¡A±z¥i¥H
   ¥Îdmesg ©R¥O¦^¹L¨Ó¬d¬Ý¡C)
   
Sound initialization started
<Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)> at 0x220 irq 5 dma 1,5
<Sound Blaster 16> at 0x330 irq 5 dma 0
<Yamaha OPL3 FM> at 0x388
Sound initialization complete

   ³oÀ³¸Ó©M±zªº­µ®Ä¥d¤Î¸õ½u³]©w(¦pªG¦³ªº¸Ü)¤@­P¡C
   
   ¦pªG±z¥Î¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ¡A¥H¤W°T®§´N¤£·|Åã¥Ü¥X¨Ó(°£«D±z¸ü¤J¥¦®É¡A¥Î insmod
   sound trace_init=1)
   
   ·í­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸ü¤J®Ö¤ß¤¤®É¡AÀ³¸Ó·|Åã¥ÜSound initialization started
   ¤ÎSound initialization complete°T®§¡C ¦pªG¨S¦³¡Aªí¥Ü­µ®ÄÅX °Êµ{¦¡¨S¦³¸ü
   ¤J¡A³o®É±zÀ³¸ÓÀˬd¤@¤U¥Ø«e°_°Êªº®Ö¤ß¦³¨S¦³¥[¤J­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤ä´©¡C
   
   ¦pªG¦bSound initialization started¤Î Sound initialization complete¶¡¨S
   ¦³¦L¥X¤°»òªF¦è¡A ¨ºªí¥Ü¨S¦³°»´ú¨ì­µ®Ä³]³Æ¡C ³o³Ì¥i¯àªº­ì¦]¬O±z¨S¦³¨Ï¥Î
   ¥¿½TªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¥d¨S³Q¤ä´©¡AI/O¦ì§}¤£¹ï©Î±z¥Î¤FÁÙ¨S¦³³]©w¹Lªº PnP ¥d¡C
   
   ÅX°Êµ{¦¡°_°Ê¤¤¥ç¥i¯à¦L¥X¿ù»~¤Îĵ§i°T®§¡C ¦b³]©w§¹ÅX°Êµ{¦¡«á¡A­«±Ò°Ê®É¡A
   ª`·N³o ¨Ç°T®§¡C
   
   ¦A¨Ó¬OÀˬd/dev/sndstat³]³ÆÀÉ¡C Ū¨ú³o­Óª¬ºAÀÉ¥i¥H±oª¾ÃB¥~ªº¸ê°T¡A ©Î¬O
   ­µ®Ä¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¬O¤£¬O¥¿½T±Ò°Ê¤F¡C ¿é¥X½d¨Ò¦p¤U:
   
% cat /dev/sndstat
Sound Driver:3.5.4-960630 (Sat Jan 4 23:56:57 EST 1997 root,
Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586)
Kernel: Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586
Config options: 0

Installed drivers:
Type 1: OPL-2/OPL-3 FM
Type 2: Sound Blaster
Type 7: SB MPU-401

Card config:
Sound Blaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5
SB MPU-401 at 0x330 irq 5 drq 0
OPL-2/OPL-3 FM at 0x388 drq 0

Audio devices:
0: Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)

Synth devices:
0: Yamaha OPL-3

Midi devices:
0: Sound Blaster 16

Timers:
0: System clock

Mixers:
0: Sound Blaster

   ¥H¤Wªº©R¥O¤]¥i¯à¦^³ø¿ù»~°T®§¡C "No such file or directory" ªí¥Ü±zÁÙ ¨S
   «Ø³]³ÆÀÉ(°Ñ¦Ò4.3¸`)¡C "No such device" ªí¥Ü­µ®Äµ{¦¡¨S¦³¸ü¤J¡A©Î¨S ¦³³s
   µ²¶i®Ö¤ß¸Ì¡C ½Ð¦^¨ì 4.2 ¸`¥H­×¥¿¤§¡C
   
   ¦pªG /dev/sndstat Àɤ¤¡A¦b"Card config:"¬qªº´X¦æ¼g¦b¬A¸¹¸Ì (´N¹³"
   (SoundBlaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5)")¡A¥¦ªí¥Ü³]³Æ¤w¸g³]©w¤F¡A¦ý¬O¨S¦³
   °» ´ú¨ì¡C
   
   ²{¦b±zÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ©ñ²³æªº­µ®ÄÀɤF¡C §ì½d¨Ò­µ®ÄÀÉ¡A§â¥¦¥á¨ì³]³ÆÀɨÓÀˬd
   ¡C
   
% cat endoftheworld >/dev/dsp
% cat crash.au >/dev/audio

   (½T©w±z¨S¦³¬Ù²¤±¼¤j©ó²Å¸¹)
   
   ª`·N¡A¦b¥­®É¥Îcat¤£¬O©ñ­µ®ÄÀɪº¶K¤Á¤èªk¡A³o¥u¬O¬°¤FÀˬd½}¤F¡C ¥h§ì¦X¾A
   ªº©ñ­µµ{¦¡(«á­±¸Ô­z)¥i¥H°µ±o§ó¦n¡C
   
   ¥u¦³¦b /dev/sndstat ¤ºªº audio devices ³o¬q¦Ü¤Ö¦C¥X¤@­Ó³]³Æªº±¡§Î¤U¡A
   ¥H¤W©R¥O¤~·|¦³®Ä¡C ¦pªG³o¬q¨S¦C¥X¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A±zÀ³¸ÓÀˬd¤@¤U¬°¦ó³]³Æ¨S°»´ú
   ¨ì¡C
   
   ¦pªG¥H¤W©R¥O¦^³ø"I/O error"¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î "dmesg"©R¥OÀˬd ®Ö¤ß°T®§ªº§À³¡¡A
   ¦b¨º«Ü¥i¯à·|¦³¦L¥X¿ù»~°T®§¡A¦Ó¥B¸g±`¬O "Sound: DMA (output) timed out
   - IRQ/DRQ config error?"¡C ³o­Ó°T®§¬O«üÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨S¦³±q­µ®Ä¥d±o¨ìÀ³ ¸Óµo
   ¥Íªº¤¤Â_¡C ³Ì¦³¥i¯àªº­ì¦]¬O¡AIRQ ©M DMA ªº³]©w¨S¦³§@¥Î¡C ¸Ñ¨M³o°ÝÃDªº³Ì
   ¦n¤èªk´N¬O¤gªk·Ò¿û¡A§â©Ò¦³³o±i¥d¯à³]¨ìªº DMA ©M IRQ ·f°t³£¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C
   
   ¥t¤@ºØ¥i¯à­ì¦]¬OÅX°Êµ{¦¡©M¥d¤£¬Û®e¡C ³o´X¥G¤@©w¬O©Ò¿× "ÁnÅQ¥d(Pro/16)¬Û
   ®e¥d " ©MÁnÅQ¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡·f¤£°_¨Ó¡C ³oºØª¬ªp¤U±z­n§ä¥X©M±zªº¥d¯à·f°tªºÅX
   °Êµ{¦¡¤~ ¦æ¡C(¨Ò¦p¡A¥i¥H§ë®Ñ¨ìcomp.os.linux.hardware°Q½×°Ï°Ý°Ý)
   
   ¤@¨Ç­µ®Ä½d¨ÒÀÉ¥i¦b
   [34]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-data-0.1.tar.Z §ì
   ¨ì¡C
   
   ²{¦b±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¿ý­µ¤F¡C ¦pªG±zªº¥d¦³¿ý­µ¯à¤O¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U©R¥O¨Ó§Ö³t´ú¸Õ
   ¤@¤U:
   
# ±q³Á§J­·¿ý¶i 4 ¬íÁn­µ
EDT% dd bs=8k count=4 < /dev/audio >sample.au
4+0 records in
4+0 records out
# §â­è­è¿ýªº©ñ¥X¨Ó
% cat sample.au > /dev/audio

   ÅãµM±z¥²»Ý­n¦³³s±µ­µ®Ä¥dªº³Á§J­·¡AÁÙ­n¹ïµÛ¥¦Á¿¸Ü¡A¤~¯à¸Õ¥X¦³¨S¦³®Ä¡C ±z
   ¤]³\¤]»Ý ­n§Ë¨ì¤@­Ó²V­µµ{¦¡¡A³]©w³Á§J­·¬°¿é¤J¸Ë¸m¡A¨Ã³]©w¨ä¿ý­µªº¼W¯q¡C
   
   ¦pªG¥H¤W´ú¸Õ³£³q¹L¤F¡A±z´N¦³²z¥Ñ¬Û«H­µ®ÄD/A¤ÎA/DµwÅé©M³nÅé³£«Ü¥¿±`¡C ¦p
   ªG±z¸I¨ì °ÝÃD¡A°Ñ¦Ò¤U¤@¤p¸`¡C
   
4.6 °ÝÃD»P¸Ñ¨M

   ¦pªG±z¶i¦æ¤F¥H¤W³¡ÆJ¡A¤´µM¦³°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò¥i¥HÀˬd´X­Ó¦a¤è¡C ³o¨ÇÀˬd¥Ñ²³æ
   ¨ì½ÆÂø ¨Ì§Ç±Æ¦C¡A¦pªGÀˬd¥X°ÝÃD¡A¥ý¸Ñ¨M¡A¦A¶i¦æ¤U¤@¹DÀˬd¡C
   
  ²Ä¤@¨B: ½T©w±z¥Î±z¦Û¤v½sĶªº®Ö¤ß°_°Ê¡C
  
   ±z¥i¥H¥Î®Ö¤ßªº¤é´ÁÂW°O¨ÓÃѧO¬O¤£¬O±z½sĶªº¨º­Ó¦³¤ä´©­µ®Äªº®Ö¤ß¡C ±z¥i¥H
   ¥Î uname©R¥O¨Ó§@:
   
% uname -a
Linux fizzbin 2.2.4 #1 Tue Mar 23 11:23:21 EST 1999 i586 unknown

   ©ÎÅã¥Ü/proc/versionÀɤº®e:
   
% cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.2.4 (root@fizzbin) (gcc version 2.7.2.3) #1 Tue Mar 23 11:23:21

EST 1999

   ¦pªG¤é´ÁÂW°O¤£¬O±z½sĶ®Ö¤ßªº®É¶¡¡A¨º±z¥Î¤Fªº®Ö¤ß¡C ±z¯uªº­«¶}¾÷¤F¶Ü?
   ¦pªG±z¥Î LILO¡A¬O¤£¬O¦³­«¸Ë©O(¥­±`¥Îlilo)? ¦pªG¬O³nºÐ°_°Ê¡A±z¯uªº °µ¤F
   ·s¶}¾÷¤ù¡A¨Ã¥Î¥¦¶}¾÷¶Ü?
   
  ²Ä¤G¨B: ½T©w®Ö¤ß­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³½s¶i¥h¡C
  
   ³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O«e­±´£¹Lªº¡AÀˬd "/dev/sndstat"ªº¿é¥X¡C ¦pªG¦³¦a¤è¤£¹ï
   ¡A ¨º»ò®Ö¤ß³]©w©Î«Ø¥ß¤@©w¦³°ÝÃD¡C ¦A­«·s³]©w¤Î«Ø¥ß¡A¦w¸Ë·s®Ö¤ßªºµ{§Ç¡C
   
  ²Ä¤T¨B: ®Ö¤ß°_°Ê®É¦³°»´ú¨ì±zªº­µ®Ä¥d¶Ü?
  
   ½T©w®Ö¤ß±Ò°Ê®É±zªº¥d¦³³Q°»´ú¨ì¡C ±zÀ³¸Ó¬Ý¹L¶}¾÷°T®§¤F¡A¦pªG¥¦±²±o¹L§Ö¡A
   ±z³q±`¥i ¥Î dmesg ©R¥O¥s¦^¨Ó:
   
% dmesg

   ©Î
   
% tail /var/adm/messages

   ¦pªG±zªº¥d¨S°»´ú¨ì¡A´N¬O¬Y¤@³B¥X°ÝÃD¡C ½T©w¨º±i¥d¯uªº¸Ë¤F¡C ¦pªG¨º±i¥d
   ¦bDOS¤U¤u §@±o«Ü¦n¡A¨º±z´N¦³²z¥Ñ¬Û«HµwÅé¬O¥¿±`ªº¡C ¤£¬O±z§â­µ®Ä¥d³]¿ù«¬
   ¦¡¡A¤U¿ù°Ñ¼Æ¡A´N¬O ±zªº­µ®Ä¥d©M®Ö¤ß­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£¬Û®e¡C
   
   ¤@ºØ¥i¯à´N¬O»Ý­n¯S®íDOSÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨ÓÅX°Êªº"¬Û®e"¥d¡C ¸ÕµÛ°_°Ê DOS¡A¸ü¤J ¼t
   °Óµ¹ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡AµM«á«öControl-Alt-Delete·x¶}¾÷¶iLinux¡C ½T©w¥dªºI/O¦ì
   §}¡ADMA¤ÎIRQ³]©w³£©MDOS¤@¼Ë¡C Ū¦b­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡­ì©l½X¤¤ªº Readme.cards
   ÀÉ¥H±o¨ìÃö©ó³]©w±zªº³o«¬¥dªº´£¥Ü°T®§¡C
   
   ¦pªG±zªº¥d¨Ã¨S¦³¦b¥»¤å¥ó¤¤¦C¥X¡A¥i¯à¬OLinuxÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨S¤ä´©ªºÃö«Y¡C ±z¥i
   ¥H°Ñ¦Ò¥»¤å ¥½ªº°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm¨Ó¨D§U¡C
   
  ²Ä¥|¨B: ±z¯à±qdsp³]³ÆŪ¥X¸ê®Æ¶Ü?
  
   ¸Õ¸Õ¥Î«e­±´£¹Lªº dd ©R¥OŪ¨ú /dev/audio¡C ³o­Ó©R¥OÀ³¸Ó¤£·|¦³¿ù»~¤~¹ï¡C
   
   ¦pªG¤£¦æ¡A¨º¥i¯à¬O IRQ/DMA ½Ä¨ì¡A©Î¬YºØµwÅ餣¬Û®e(³]³Æ¤£¬° Linux ¤ä´©¡A
   ©Î¥Î¿ùÅX °Êµ{¦¡)¡C
   
   ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó¤Ö¨£ªº¥i¯à¬O¤£¨}ªºµwÅé¡C ¥i¯àªº¸Ü¡A¦bDOS¤U´ú¸Õ¤@¤U¡A®ø¥h³oºØ¥i
   ¯à©Ê¡C
   
  ­n¬O³o¨Ç³£¨S¥Î©O?
  
   ¦pªG±zÁÙ¬O¦³°ÝÃD¡A³o¸Ì´£¨Ñ³Ì«á´X©Û¸Õ¸Õ:
   
     * ¤p¤ß­«Åª³o¥÷HOWTO¤å¥ó
     * Ū¥»¤å¥ó«á¦Cªº°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm¡A¤Î¬ÛÃöªº®Ö¤ß­ì©l½X¤¤ªº¤å¥ó¡C
     * ¨ì comp.os.linux ©Î¨ä¥¦Usenet°Q½×°Ï (comp.os.linux.hardware ¬O­Ó¦n
       ¦a¤è; ¦]¬°³o¨àÄé¤ô¶q¦h¡A ³Ì¦n¦b¼ÐÃDÄæµù©ú "sound"¡A³o¼Ë¾A¦Xªº±M®a¤~
       ·|§ä¨ì¥¦¡C)
     * ¥ÎWeb/Usenet·j´M¤ÞÀº¡A¥[¤W¦³´¼¼zªº·j´M±ø¥ó¡A«Ü§Ö´N¯à§ä¨ì«Ü¦nªºµ²ªG
       ¡C ¤@­Ó¦n¿ï¾Ü¬O [35]http://www.altavista.digital.com¡C
     * ¥Î³Ì·sªºLinux®Ö¤ß¡C(¦ý¬O¥u¦b³Ì«áÃöÀY¤~¥Î¡A³Ì·sªºµo®i¥Î®Ö¤ß¥i¯à«Ü¤£
       í)
     * µo«Ê«Hµ¹­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡§@ªÌ
     * µo«Ê«Hµ¹Sound HOWTOªº§@ªÌ
     * ¥s¥Xemacs¡A¿é¤JEsc-x doctor :-)
       
   (Ķª`: ·íµM³Ì«á¤@¶µ¬O¶}ª±¯ºªº)
   
5. ¤ä´©­µ®ÄªºÀ³¥Î³nÅé

   ¦pªG±z¦bLinux¤U¯à¥Î­µ®Ä¥d¡A §Ú¦b³o¸Ì´£¥X¤@¨Ç±z¥i¯à·|·Q­nªºÀ³¥Î³nÅé¡C ±z
   ¥i¥H¬d¤@¤U Linux Software Map¡Aºô»Úºô¸ôÀÉ®×®w¡A©Î¬O±zªºLinux CD-ROM ¥H
   §ä¥X³Ì·s¸ê°T¡C
   
   ±z³Ì¤Ö·|·Q­n¥H¤Uªº­µ®Ä³nÅé:
   
     * ­µ®ÄÀÉÀɮ׮榡Âà´«³nÅé (¦p Sox)
     * ²V­µµ{¦¡ (¦p aumix ©Î xmix)
     * ­µ®ÄÀɼ½©ñ³nÅé (¦p play ©Î wavplay)
     * MOD ÀÉ®×¼½©ñ³nÅé (¦p tracker)
     * MIDI ÀÉ®×¼½©ñ³nÅé (¦p playmidi)
       
   ³oÃþ¤u¨ã¦³¤å¦r«¬¦¡ªº¡A¤]¦³GUI«¬¦¡ªº¡C ¤]¦³¤@¨Ç¤ñ¸û©_²§¤@ÂIªºÀ³¥Î (¹³»y
   ­µ¤ÀªR¤Î¿ëÃÑ)¡A±z¥i¯à·|·Qª±ª±¬Ý¡C
   
6. ±`¨£°ÝÃD»P¸Ñµª

   ³o¤@¸`¦^µª¸g±`¦bUsenet°Q½×°Ï¤Î³q«H½×¾Â±`³Q°Ý¨ìªº°ÝÃD¡C
   
   ¥i¥H¦bOSS­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªººô¯¸¬Ý¨ì§ó¦h°ÝÃDªº¸Ñµª¡C
   
6.1 ³o¤@°ï­µ®Ä³]³ÆÀɦU¥Nªí¤°»ò?

   ¥H¤U¬O³Ì¼Ð·Çªº³]³ÆÀÉÀɦW¡AÁöµM¦³¨Ç Linux ¦w¸Ë®M¥ó¥i¯à¥Î¤£¤Ó¤@¼Ëªº¦WºÙ¡C
   
   /dev/audio
          ¤@¯ë¬O³s¨ì /dev/audio0
          
   /dev/audio0
          ©MSun¤u§@¯¸¬Û®eªºÁn°T³]³Æ (¥u§@¤F³¡¥÷¡A¨Ã¤£¤ä´© Sun ªº ioctl ¤¶
          ­±¡A¥u¦³ u-law ½s½X)
          
   /dev/audio1
          ²Ä¤G­Ó­µ°T³]³Æ (¦pªG­µ®Ä¥d¤ä´©¡A©Î¤£¥u¦³¤@±i­µ®Ä¥dªº¸Ü)
          
   /dev/dsp
          ¤@¯ë³s¨ì /dev/dsp0
          
   /dev/dsp0
          ²Ä³ü¼Æ¦ì¨ú¼Ë³]³Æ
          
   /dev/dsp1
          ²Ä¶L¼Æ¦ì¨ú¼Ë³]³Æ
          
   /dev/mixer
          ³q±`³sµ²¨ì /dev/mixer0
          
   /dev/mixer0
          ²Ä³ü²V­µ¾¹
          
   /dev/mixer1
          ²Ä¶L²V­µ¾¹
          
   /dev/music
          °ª¶¥½s¦±¾¹¤¶­±
          
   /dev/sequencer
          §C¶¥ MIDI¡AFM¡A¤Î GUS ¦s¨ú¥Î
          
   /dev/sequencer2
          ³q±`³sµ²¨ì /dev/music
          
   /dev/midi00
          ²Ä³ü­ì¥Í(raw)MIDI°ð
          
   /dev/midi01
          ²Ä¶L­ì¥ÍMIDI°ð
          
   /dev/midi02
          ²Ä°Ñ­ì¥ÍMIDI°ð
          
   /dev/midi03
          ²Ä¸v­ì¥ÍMIDI°ð
          
   /dev/sndstat
          Ū¨ú®É¡AÅã¥Ü­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªºª¬ºA(/proc/sound ¤]¬O¤@¼Ëªº)
          
   PC³â¥zÅX°Êµ{¦¡´£¨Ñ¥H¤U³]³Æ:
   
   /dev/pcaudio
          ©M /dev/audio ¦P¼Ë
          
   /dev/pcsp
          ©M /dev/dsp ¤@¼Ë
          
   /dev/pcmixer
          ©M /dev/mixer ¤@¼Ë
          
6.2 «ç¼Ë¼½©ñ­µ®ÄÀÉ®×?

   Sun ¤u§@¯¸ªº­µ®ÄÀÉ(.au)¥i¥H¥á¨ì /dev/audio ¨Ó©ñ¥X¡A ­ì©l¨ú¼ËÀÉ¥i¥H¥á¨ì
   /dev/dsp¡AÁöµM³o¼Ë¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡·|²£¥Í«Ü®tªº¿é¥X¡C ¨Ï¥Î¹³ play ³o¼Ëªºµ{¦¡¤ñ¸û
   ¦n¡A¦Ó¥BÁÙ¯à¿ë§O­µ®ÄÀɮ榡¡A ³]©w¥¿½Tªº¨ú¼Ë²vµ¥¡C
   
   ¨Ï¥Î¹³ wavplay ©Î vplay (¦b snd-util ®M¥ó¤¤)ªºµ{¦¡¼½©ñ WAV ÀɬO³Ì¦nªº¤F
   ¡A µM¦Ó¥¦­ÌµLªk¿ëÃÑ Microsoft ADPCMÀ£ÁY¹Lªº WAV ÀÉ¡C ¦P®É¡Aª©ªº play
   (¦b Lsox ®M¥ó¤¤)¹ï 16 ¦ì¤¸ªº WAV ÀɳB²z±o¨Ã¤£¦n¡C
   
   ¦b snd-util ¤¤ªº splay ©R¥O¦pªG¥H¤â°Ê¿é¤J¾A¤Áªº°Ñ¼Æ¡A¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¼½©ñ¦h¼Æ­µ
   ®ÄÀÉ¡C
   
6.3 «ç¼Ë¿ý»s­µ®ÄÀÉ?

   ¥i¥H±q /dev/audio ©Î /dev/dsp ¤¤Åª¨ú¨ú¼Ë¹Lªº¸ê®Æ¡A ¥i¥HÂà¦V¨ìÀÉ®×¥h¡C
   ¹³ vrec ³o¼Ëªºµ{¦¡¥i¥H¸û²³æ¦a±±¨î¨ú¼Ë²v¤Î®É¶¡µ¥¡C ±z¤]»Ý­n²V­µ¾¹¡A¥H«K
   ¿ï¾Ü·Q­nªº¿é¤J¨Ó·½¡C
   
6.4 §Ú¥i¥H¦³¤£¥u¤@¤ù­µ®Ä¥d¶Ü?

   ²{¦bªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤¹³\±z¸Ë¦n´X¤ùÁnÅQ¥d¡AÁnÅQ¥d Pro¡AÁnÅQ¥d 16¡AMPU-401
   ©Î MSS ¥d¡C ¸Ë¨â¤ùÁnÅQ¥d¬O¥i¯àªº¡A¤£¹L­n¤â°Ê½s¿è local.h¡A ©w
   ¸qSB2_BASE¡ASB2_IRQ¡ASB2_DMA ¤Î SB2_DMA2(¦³¨Ç±¡§Î¤U¤~­n)¡C ¤]¥i¥H¦P®É¸Ë
   ¤@¤ùÁnÅQ¥d¤Î¤@¤ù PAS16¡C
   
   ­Y¬O±z¥Îmake config¨Ó³]©w¸û·sªº2.0.xª©®Ö¤ßªº­µ®Äªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó½s
   ¿è/usr/include/linux/autoconf.h¦Ó«Dlocal.h¡C ±z·|¬Ý¨ì´X¦æ:
   
#define SBC_BASE 0x220
#define SBC_IRQ (5)
#define SBC_DMA (1)
#define SB_DMA2 (5)
#define SB_MPU_BASE 0x0
#define SB_MPU_IRQ (-1)

   ¦b¥¦­Ì«á­±¥[¤J´X¦æ(¼Æ­È¨Ì·Ó±zªº¨t²Î³]©w)
   
#define SB2_BASE 0x330
#define SB2_IRQ (7)
#define SB2_DMA (2)
#define SB2_DMA2 (2)

   ¥H¤UÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£­ã±z¸Ë¦h¤ù¥d:
   
     * GUS (ÅX°Êµ{¦¡­­¨î)
     * MAD16 (µwÅé­­¨î)
     * AudioTrix Pro (µwÅé­­¨î)
     * CS4232 (µwÅé­­¨î)
       
6.5 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: No such file or directory

   ±z­n¥ý«Ø¥ß³]³ÆÀÉ¡C ½Ð°Ñ¨£«e­±«Ø¥ß³]³ÆÀɪº³¡¥÷¡C ¦pªG±z½T¹ê¦³³]³ÆÀÉ¡A ÀË
   ¬d¥D½s¸¹¤Î¦¸½s¸¹¬O§_¥¿½T¡C (¤@¨Ç¤@ÂIªº CD-ROM Linux ¦w¸Ë®M¥ó¥i¯à¤£·|
   ¦b¦w¸Ë®É«Ø¥ß¥¿½Tªº³]³ÆÀÉ)
   
6.6 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: No such device

   ±zªº®Ö¤ß¨Ã¤£¤ä´©­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A©Î¬OI/O¦ì§}³]©w©MµwÅ餣¤@­P¡C Àˬd±z¬O§_
   ¥Î·s³yªº ®Ö¤ß¶}¾÷¡A¨Ã½T»{¨ä³]©w©MµwÅé¬O¤@­Pªº¡C
   
6.7 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: No space left on device

   ¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß¥²­nªº³]³ÆÀÉ¡A´N§â¸ê®Æ¥á¶i /dev/audio ©Î /dev/dsp¡A´N·|µo
   ¥Í³oºØ±¡ªp¡C ³o®É³o¨Ç"³]³ÆÀÉ"¨ä¹ê¥u¬O´¶³qÀɮסA ¦Ó¥B§â±zªººÏºÐ¶ëº¡¤F¡C
   ±z¥²¶··Ó¥»¤å¥ó¤¤«Ø¥ß³]³ÆÀÉ ³o¤@¤p¸`ªº«ü¤Þ¥h°õ¦æ¨º­Ó©R¥O½Z¡C
   
   ¦b Linux 2.0 ©Î¤§«á¡A·í³]³Æ¶}±Ò¡A¨t²Î«o¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªº RAM ®É¥ç·|µo¥Í¡C ¹ï¨C
   ­Ó DMA ³q¹D¡A­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦Ü¤Ö»Ý­n¨â­¶ (8K) ³sÄò°O¾ÐÅé°Ï¶ô¡C ³oºØ±¡«¬¦b
   ¤£¨¬ 16M ªº RAM ©Î¤w¸g±Ò°Ê«Ü¤[ªº¨t²Î¤W¥i¯àµo¥Í¡C ¦b¦A¶}±Ò³]³ÆÀÉ¥H«e¡A¤]
   ³\¥i¥H¥ý½sĶ¤Î°õ¦æ¥H¤Uªº C µ{¦¡¡A¥HªÅ¥X¤@¨Ç RAM ¥X¨Ó¡C
   
main() {
  int i;
  char mem[500000];
  for (i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
    mem[i] = 0;
  exit(0);
}

6.8 ­µ®Ä³]³Æµo¥Í¿ù»~: Device busy

   ¤@­Ó­µ®Ä³]³Æ¤@¦¸¥u¯àµ¹¤@­Óµ{§Ç¥Î¡C ¦b³o°ÝÃD¤¤¡A ³Ì¥i¯àªº±¡§Î´N¬O¦³§Oªº
   µ{§Ç¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó³]³Æ¡C ½T©wªº¤èªk¤§¤@¬O¥Î fuser ©R¥O:
   
% fuser -v /dev/dsp
/dev/dsp:             USER       PID ACCESS COMMAND
                      tranter    265 f....  tracker

   ¦b¤W¨Ò¤¤¡Afuser ©R¥OÅã¥Ü 265 ¸¹µ{§Ç¶}±Ò¤F¸Ó³]³Æ¡C ¥i¥H¿ï¾Üµ¥¥¦§¹¦¨©Î§â
   ¥¦¬å±¼¡A³o¼Ë­µ®Ä³]³Æ´N¤S¯à¨Ï¥Î¤F¡C ±zÀ³¸Ó¥H root ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ fuser ©R¥O¡A
   ³o¼Ë¤~·|¦C¥X°£¤F±z¥H¥~ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡C
   
6.9 ÁÙ¬O°k¤£¤F'device busy'ªº¿ù»~!

   ®Ú¾Ú Brian Gough ªº»¡ªk¡A¨Ï¥Î¤@¸¹ DMA ³q¹DªºÁnÅQ¥d·|©M¦P¼Ë¤]¦û¥Î DMA 1
   ªº QIC-02 ºÏ±a¾÷ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¬Û½Ä¡A³y¦¨ "device busy" ¿ù»~¡C ¦pªG±z¨Ï
   ¥ÎFTAPE¡A ±z¥i¯à¦³¥[¶i³o­ÓºÏ±aªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C ®Ú¾Ú FTAPE-HOWTO¡AQIC-02 ÅX
   °Êµ{¦¡¦b¨Ï¥Î FTAPE ®É¤£¬O¥²­nªº; ¥u¦³ QIC-117 ¤~¥²­n¡C ­«³y®Ö¤ß¡A¨Ï¥Î
   QIC-117 ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A ¨ú®ø QIC-02¡A³o¼Ë FTAPE ¤Î­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡´N¯à¦@¦s¤F¡C
   
6.10 ­µ®ÄÀÉ©ñ¨ì¤@¥b´N°±¤F

   ³oºØ¯gª¬¡A³q±`¬O¥ý¼½©ñ¤@¬í¥ª¥k¡AµM«á§¹¥þ°±¤î¡A©Î¦L¥X "missing IRQ" ©Î
   "DMA timeout" °T®§¡C ¤K¦¨¬O±zªº IRQ ©Î DMA ³]¿ù¤F¡C ®Ö¹ï¤@¤U¡A±z¦b®Ö¤ß
   ¤¤ ªº³]©w¬O¤£¬O©MµwÅé¸õ½uªº¤@¼Ë¡A¦Ó¥B¨Ã¨S¦³©M§Oªº¥d¬Û½Ä¡C
   
   ¥t¤@ºØ¯gª¬¬OÁn­µ¤@ª½­«ÂСC ³o³q±`¾É¦]©ó IRQ ½Ä¬ð¡C
   
6.11 ¼½©ñ MOD ÀÉÂ_Â_ÄòÄò

   ­n¼½©ñMODÀÉ¡A»Ý­n¥iÆ[ªº CPU ¯à¤O¡C ±z¥i¯à¶]¤Ó¦hµ{¦¡¾É­P¨t²Î¤ÏÀ³¹LºC¡AµL
   ªk¤Î®É©ñ­µ¡C ¦³¤U­±´XºØ¸Ñªk:
   
     * ¥Î¸û§Cªº¨ú¼Ë²v¡A©Î¥u©ñ³æÁn¹D
     * §â¨ä¥¦°õ¦æ¤¤µ{¦¡·F±¼
     * ¶R§ó§Öªº¹q¸£
     * ¶R§ó±jªº­µ®Ä¥d(¹³ Gravis UltraSound)
       
   ¦pªG±z¦³¥Î Gravis UltraSound ­µ®Ä¥d¡A±zÀ³¸Ó¨Ï¥Î±M¬° GUS ³]­pªº MOD ¼½©ñ
   µ{¦¡ (¦p gmod)
   
6.12 ½sĶ­µ®Ä³nÅé®É¥X¿ù

   1.0cª©¥H«á©M¥H«eªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥Î§¹¥þ¤£¦P¥B¤£¬Û®eªº ioctl() ¤è¦¡¡C §ì·s
   ª©ªº­ì©l½X¡A©Î°µ¥²­n§ïÅÜ¡A§â¥¦²¾´Ó¨ì¾A¦X·sª©ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥Î¡C ¸Ô¨£­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{
   ¦¡ªº Readme ÀÉ¡C
   
   ¤]½Ð½T©w½sĶÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡®É¡A±z¨Ï¥Î³Ì·sªº soundcard.h ¤Î ultrasound.h¡C ½Ð¨£
   ¥»¤å¶}ÀY³B¸Ìªº¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ¡C
   
6.13 ¥H«e¶]«Ü¦nªº³nÅé¡A«o¥X²{ SEGV ¿ù»~

   ³o©M¤W­Ó°ÝÃD¥i¯à¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C
   
6.14 ­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³¦ó¤wª¾ªº­­¨î¤Î bug?

   ½Ð¬Ý®Ö¤ß­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸ÌªºÀɮסC
   
6.15 Ãö©ó­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº ioctl µ¥¡A­þ¸Ì¦³°O¸ü?

   ¥Ø«e°£­ì©l½X¥H¥~³Ì¨Îªº¤å¥ó¦b 4Front Technologies ªººô¯¸
   [36]http://www.opensound.com¡C ¥t¤@­Ó¨Ó·½¬O Linux Multimedia Guide¡A¦b
   °Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm¨º¤@³¹¦³¸Ô­z¡C
   
6.16 ­n§¹¥þ¥­¶¶¦a¿ý©ñ­µ¡A»Ý­n¦h±jªºCPU¤~¯à¿ì¨ì?

   ³o°ÝÃD¤£¦n¦^µª¡A¥¦¨ú¨M©ó:
   
     * ¨Ï¥Î PCM ¨ú¼ËÁÙ¬O FM ¦X¦¨
     * ¨ú¼Ë²v¤Î¼Ë¥»¤j¤p
     * ¥Î­þ­Óµ{¦¡¿ý©ñ­µ
     * ­µ®Ä¥dµwÅé
     * ºÏºÐ¶Ç¿é³t²v¡ACPU ®É¯ßÀW²v¡A§Ö¨ú¤j¤pµ¥
       
   ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¥ô¦ó 386 ¥H¤W¾÷¾¹À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 8 ¦ì¤¸­µ®Ä¥d¤W¼½©ñ­µ®Ä¡A©Î¥Î
   FM ¦X¦¨©ñ­µ¼Ö¡C
   
   µM¦Ó¡A©ñ MOD Àɻݭn¥iÆ[ªº CPU ¸ê·½¡C ¤@¨Ç¹êÅç©Êªº´ú¶qÅã¥Ü¡A­n¥H 44KHz
   ¼½©ñ¡A ­n®ø¯Ó¤@Áû 486/50 CPU ªº 40% ¯à¤O; 386/25 ´X¥G¤£¥i¯à©ñ¤ñ 22KHz
   §ó°ªªº¨ú¼Ë²v¡C (¥H8¦ì¤¸­µ®Ä¥d¡A¦pÁnÅQ¥d¡A©Ò´ú±o) ¤@¨Ç¹³ Gravis
   UltraSound ªº¥dµwÅé´£¨Ñ§ó¦h¥\¯à¡A »Ý­nªºCPU¸ê·½´N¸û¤Ö¡C
   
   ³o¨Ç¬O°²³]¹q¸£¨S¦³¦b¶]¨ä¥¦¯ÓCPU¯à¤Oªº¤u§@¡C
   
   ¦pªG±zªº¹q¸£¦³¼Æ¾Ç»²§U³B²z¾¹ (©Î CPU ¤º³¡¦³ FPU)¡A ¥Î¹³ sox ³o¼Ëªºµ{¦¡
   °µ­µ®ÄÂà´«©Î¼W¥[®ÄªG·|§Ö¤£¤Ö¡C ÁöµM®Ö¤ßÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥»¨­¬O¨S¦³¥Î¨ì¯BÂI¹Bºâ¡C
   
6.17 PAS16 ©M Adaptec 1542 SCSI ¥dªº·f°t°ÝÃD

   (¥H¤U¸ÑÄÀ¥Ñseeker@indirect.com´£¨Ñ)
   
   Linux ¥u¯à»{¥X¦b 330(¹w³]­È)©Î 334 ¦ì§}¤Wªº 1542¡A¦Ó PAS ¥u¯à±N
   MPU-401 ¼ÒÀÀ³]¦b 330¡C §Y¨Ï±z¥Î³nÅé®ø¥h MPU-401 ¥\¯à¡A¦pªG³oµwÅéÁÙ¦b³o
   ­Ó¹w³]¦ì§}¤W¡A ¤´µM·|©M 1542 ¬Û½Ä¡C §â 1542 ²¾¨ì 334 ´N¤°»ò³£¸Ñ¨M¤F¡C
   
   ¥t¥~¡A1542 ©M PAS-16 ³£¦³¥Î¨ì 16 ¦ì¤¸ DMA¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG±z¤@­±¥H 16 ¦ì¤¸
   ¡A44KHz ¥ßÅéÁn¿ý­µ¡A¤@­±±NÀɮצs¨ì±¾¦b 1542 ¤WªºµwºÐªº¸Ü¡A³Â·Ð´N¨Ó¤F¡C
   ¨â²Õ DMA ·|¦Y¦P¤@¶ô°O¾ÐÅé¡A¾É­P RAM ¨S¦³®É¶¡¥R¹q¡AµM«á´N·|¥X²{­P©Rªº
   "PARITY ERROR - SYSTEM HALTED" ªº°T®§¡A±z¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ¨Ó¤£¤Îª¾¹D«ç»ò·íªº¡C §ó
   ÁV¿|ªº¬O¦³¨Ç QIC-117 ºÏ±aªº¨ó¤O¼t°Ó«Øij³]©w¶×¬y±Æ¶}/Ãö®É¶¡¡A ¨Ï 1542 ¦û
   ¶×¬y±Æ§ó¤[¡C ±q Adaptec ªº BBS ©Î Internet ªº¨ä¥¦¦a¤è§ì SCSISEL.EXE µ{
   ¦¡¡A´î¤Ö BUS ON ®É¶¡©Î¼W¥[ BUS OFF ®É¶¡¡Aª½¨ì³o°ÝÃD§¹¥þ®ø¥¢¡C SCSISEL
   ·|§ïÅÜ EEPROM ªº³]©w¡A©Ò¥H¤ñ¦b CONFIG.SYS ¤¤¸ü¤Jªº DOS ÅX°Êµ{¦¡®Ä¤O§ó
   «ù¤[¡A¶}¾÷´Nª½±µ¶i Linux ¤]¦³®Ä(¤£¹³ DOS ­×¸Éµ{¦¡)¡C ¤S¸Ñ¨M¤F¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¡C
   
   ³Ì«á¤@­Ó°ÝÃD - ªº Symphony ´¹¤ù²Õ¼@¯P¦a­°§C I/O ©P´Á®É¶¡¡A¥[§Ö¶×¬y±Æ
   ¦s¨ú¡C §Ú©Òª±¹Lªº¦UºØ¥d¤¤¡A°£¤F PAS-16 ¥H¥~¡A¨S¦³¤@¤ù¥d¦b­°§C©P´Á®É¦³¥X
   ²{¹L ¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡C Media Vision ªº BBS ¦³­Ó SYMPFIX.EXE ¥i¥H±N Symphony ªº
   ¶×¬y±Æ±±¨î¾¹ªº¶EÂ_¦ì¤¸¤¬½Õ¡Aªv¦n³oºØ¯gª¬¡A¦ý³o¨Ã¤£¯àºâ¦³¤Oªº«OÃÒ¡C ±z¤]
   ³\­n:
   
     * §ä¥D¾÷ªO¸g¾P°Ó¡A´«±¼Âª©ªº´¹¤ù
     * ´«¥D¾÷ªO¡A©Î
     * ¶R§OµPªº­µ®Ä¥d¡C
       
   Young Microsystems Ä@·N¥H $30(¬üª÷)ªº¥N»ù¬°¥L­Ì»sªºªO¤l¤É¯Å; ¦pªG±z¯àÁ¿
   ¥X½Ö»sªº©Î½Ö¶i¤fªºªO¤l¡A§Oªº¼t°Ó¤]¥i¯à·|³o¼Ë(¯¬±z¦n¹B)¡C ¾Ú§Ú©Òª¾³o°ÝÃD
   ¥X©ó ProAudio ªº¶×¬y±Æ¤¶­±´¹¤ù; ¨S¦³¤H·|ªá $120 ¶R­µ®Ä¥d¡AµM«á§â¥¦´¡¦b
   6MHz ªº AT ¤W¡C ¦h¼Æ¤H·|¤É¯Å¨ì 25-40MHz ªº 386/486¡A¦Ó¦pªG³]­p¥¿½T¡A ¦Ü
   ¤Ö¯à©Ó¨ü 12MHz ¥H¤Wªº¶×¬y±ÆÀW²v¡C Á¿§¹¤F¡A¤U¥x¤@Áù°`¡C
   
   ²Ä¤@­Ó°ÝÃD©M±zªº¥D¾÷ªO´¹¤ù²Õ¡A¶×¬y±Æ³t²v¡A¤Î¨ä¥¦ BIOS ³]©w¡AÁÙ¦³¤ë«Gªº
   ¶ê¯Ê¦³Ãö¡C (?) ²Ä¤G­Ó°ÝÃD²o¯A¨ì±zªº°O¾ÐÅé¥R¹q¤è¦¡ (ÁôÂ桩ΦP¨B¦¡)
   ¡A1542 DMA ÀW²v¤Î¶×¬y±Æ I/O ³t²v(¥i¯à¦³Ãö)¡C ²Ä¤T­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥i¥H¥´¹q¸Ü¨ì
   Media Vision¡A°Ý¥L­Ì­þ¨Ç Symphony ´¹¤ù²ÕªººC³t³]­p©M¥L­Ìªº¥d¤£¬Û®e¡C ¦b
   ¦¹Äµ§i¤@¤U¡A §Ú°Ý¹Lªº¥|¦ì"¤uµ{®v"¤¤¡A´N¦³¤T­ÓÀY´ßÃa¥h¡C Å¥¥L­ÌÁ¿§O¤Hªº
   µwÅéÁ¿±oÔ£¤@¼Ë¡A ¨ä¹ê¥L­Ì¬Æ¦Ü³s¦Û¤vªº³£·d¤£²M·¡¡C
   
   Ķª`: ³o¤@¬q¥i¯à©M­ì¤å·N«ä®t«Ü¦h¡A¦³«Øij½Ð¤£§[´£¨Ñ¡C
   
6.18 ¥i¤£¥i¥H¦P®É¿ý©ñ­µ?

   ¤@¨Ç¥dªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¯à¤ä´©³o¥\¯à¡C ½Ð¬Ý¦b 4Front Technologies ªººô¯¸¤¤ªº¤å
   ¥ó¡A ¤F©j¦p¦ó¥Î¥¦¡C
   
6.19 §ÚªºÁnÅQ¥d 16 ¬O³] IRQ 2¡A¥i¬OÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£­ã§Ú³]³o­Ó­È

   ¦b '286 ¤Î¥H«áªº¾÷¾¹¡AIRQ2 ¤¤Â_³s±µ¤F²Ä¤G­Ó¤¤Â_±±¨î¾¹¡C ¥¦µ¥¦P©óIRQ 9¡C
   
6.20 §ÚÂ÷¶} Linux¡A°_°Ê DOS¡AµM«á¦³¨Ç³nÅéµoÁn¤£¥¿±`

   ³o¦b·x¶}¾÷¶i DOS «áµo¥Í¡C ¦³®É¿ù»~°T®§·|»~¾É±z¡A¥H¬°¬O CONFIG.SYS ÀÉ­þ
   ¸Ì¼g¿ù¤F¡C
   
   ¦h¼Æ²{¦bªº­µ®Ä¥d¦³³nÅé³]©wªº IRQ ¤Î DMA ³]©w¡C ¦pªG±zªº¥d¦b Linux ¤U¤Î
   MSDOS/Windows ¤U³]©w­È¤£¤@¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A¥i¯à·|³y¦¨°ÝÃD¡C ¦³¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d¤£­ã³]·s°Ñ
   ¼Æ¡A °£«D§¹¥þ reset¡C (¦p§â¹q·½Ãö±¼¦A¥´¶}¡A©Î¨Ï¥ÎµwÅé¤Wªºreset¶s)
   
   ²³æ¹ï¥I¤èªk´N¬O«ö¤UresetÁä¡A©Î§â¶}ÃöÃö¤F¦A¶}¡A¤£­n¥Î·x¶}¾÷(§Y
   Ctrl-Alt-Del)¡C
   
   ¥¿¸Ñ«h¬O½T«O±z¦bMS-DOS¤ÎLinux¤U³£¥Î¦P¼ËªºIRQ¤ÎDMA³]©w (©Î°®¯Ü¤£­n¥ÎDOS
   :-)¡C
   
6.21 ¦b Linux ¤U¶] DOOM ¥X°ÝÃD

   ·Qª± ID software ¥Xªº DOOM ¹CÀ¸¤§ Linux ª©ªºª±®a­Ì¡A ¥i¯à¹ï³o­Ó¦³¿³½ì¡C
   
   ­n¥¿½Tªº­µ®Ä¿é¥X¡A±z¥²»Ý¨Ï¥Î 2.90 ª©©Î¥H«áªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡; ¥¦¤ä´©¤F§Y®É
   ªº DOOM¼Ò¦¡¡C
   
   ­µ®Ä¼Ë¥»¬O16 bit¡C ¦pªG±z¥Î8 bit­µ®Ä¥d¡A±z¤´µM¥i¥H¥Î¤@¨Ç¥i¦b
   [37]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/doom¤¤§ä¨ìªº¤@¨Çµ{¦¡¡AÅýÁn­µ
   ¥X²{¡C
   
   ¦pªGDOOM°Ê§@¤£¬yºZ¡A§â­µ®Ä¨ú®ø(§â sndserver Àɧï¦W)·|¦³¤@¨Ç§ï¶i¡C
   
   DOOM ¹w³]¤£¤ä´©­µ¼Ö(¤£¹³ DOS ª©)¡C musserver µ{¦¡±N¼W¥[Linux¤Uªº ­µ¼Ö¤ä
   ´©¡C ¥¦¥i¥H¦b [38]ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz ¤¤§ä
   ¨ì¡C
   
6.22 «ç¼Ë­°§C­µ®Ä¥d²£¥ÍªºÂø­µ?

   ¥Î°ª«~½èªº«Ì½ª¹qÆl¡A´«­Ó´¡¼Ñ´¡¡A¥i¯à¦³§U©ó´î§CÂø­µ¡C ¦pªG­µ®Ä¥d¦³­µ¶q½Õ
   ¾ã¶s¡A±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¤£¦Pªº³]©w(³Ì¤jÁn¥i¯à³Ì¦n)¡C ±z¥i¥H¥Î²V­µµ{¦¡¡A±N¤£·Q­n
   ªº¿é¤J(¦p³Á§J­·)½Õ¦¨¹s¼W¯q¡C
   
   Philipp Braunbeck ³ø§i¥Lªº ESS-1868 ­µ®Ä¥d¤W¦³­Ó¸õ½u¥Î¨ÓÃö³¬¤º«Ø¼W¯q¾¹
   ªº¡A ¦pªG¸Ë¤W¡A¯àÀ°§U­°§CÂø­µ¡C
   
   ¦b¤@¥x 386 ¹q¸£¤W¡A§Úµo²{®Ö¤ß©R¥O¦C¦³­Ó¿ï¶µno-hlt¥i¥H­°§CÂø°T¡C ³o­Ó¿ï
   ¶µ¥s®Ö¤ß¦b¶]¶¢¸m°j°é®É¤£­n¥Î HLT «ü¥O¡C ±z¥i¥H¶}¾÷®É¤â°Ê¸Õ¸Õ¡A ©Î¦b
   LILO ³]©wÀɤ¤¥[¤Wappend="no-hlt"
   
   ¦³¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d°½¤u´î®Æ¡A¨S¦³¦nªº¾B½ª¤Î±µ¦a¡A®e©ö²£¥ÍÂø­µ
   
6.23 ¯à©ñ­µ¡A¤£¯à¿ý­µ

   ¦pªG±z¯à©ñ­µ¡A«o¤£¯à¿ý­µ¡A¸Õ¸Õ:
     * ¨Ï¥Î²V­µµ{¦¡¿ï¾Ü¾A·í¨Ó·½(¦p³Á§J­·)
     * ¨Ï¥Î²V­µµ{¦¡±N¸Ó¨Ó·½ªº¼W¯q½Õ¨ì³Ì¤j
     * ¥i¥Hªº¸Ü¡A¦bMS-DOS¤U´ú¸Õ¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O¤£¬OµwÅé¤è­±ªº°ÝÃD
       
   ¦³®É¿ý­µ¤Î©ñ­µ¥Îªº DMA ³q¹D¬O¤£¦Pªº¡C ³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¤K¦¨¬O¿ý­µ¥Î DMA ³]©w¤£
   ¹ï¡C
   
6.24 ¥²¶·¥ý¶i DOS ¶]ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¤£µM§Úªº"¬Û®e¥d"¨Sªk¥Î

   ¦h¼Æ±¡ªp¤U¡A"ÁnÅQ¥d¬Û®e" ¥d¦b Linux ¤U­Y±ËÁnÅQ¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£¥Î¦Ó§ï¥Î §Oªº
   ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A·|§ó¦n¡C ¦h¼Æ¸¹ºÙ¬Û®e(¦p "16 ¦ì¤¸ SB Pro ¬Û®e" ©Î SB ¬Û®eªº
   "16¦ì¤¸")ªº¥d¡A¥¦ªºÁnÅQ¥d¬Û®e¼Ò¦¡¬O´£¨Ñ DOS ¹CÀ¸ªº¬Û®e©Ê©Ò°µªº¡C ¦h¼Æ¥d
   ¦Û¤vªº 16 ¦ì¤¸¼Ò¦¡¥i¯à¦b³Ìªñªº Linux(2.0.1¥H«á) ·|¤ä´©¡C
   
   ¥u¦³¤@¨Ç(³q±`«ÜÂÂ)ªº¥d¥²¶·¹Á¸Õ¥ÎÁnÅQ¥d¼Ò¦¡¹B§@¡C ·s¥d¤¤¥u¦³¤@­Ó¨Ò¥~¡A¨º
   ´N¬O¥Î Mwave¬°¥Dªº¥d¡C
   
6.25 §Úªº 16 ¦ì¤¸ÁnÅQ¥d¬Û®e¥d¦b Linux ¤U¥u¯à¥Î 8 ¦ì¤¸¼Ò¦¡

   ¸¹ºÙ©MÁnÅQ¥d¬Û®eªº 16 ¦ì¤¸­µ®Ä¥d¨ä¹ê¥u©M 8 ¦ì¤¸ªºÁnÅQ¥d Pro ¬Û®e¦Ó¤w¡C
   ¥¦­Ì¦³©MÁnÅQ¥d 16 ¤£¬Û®eªº 16 ¦ì¤¸¼Ò¦¡¡A©M Linux ­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£¬Û®e¡C
   
   ¤]³\§ï¥Î MAD16 ©Î MSS/WSS ÅX°Êµ{¦¡«á¡A±z´N¯à¥Î 16 ¦ì¤¸¼Ò¦¡¤F¡C
   
6.26 ¦b­þ¸Ì§ä±o¨ì Linux ªº­µ®ÄÀ³¥Î³nÅé?

   ³o¸Ì¦³¤@¨Ç¦nªºÀÉ®×®w¡A¥i¥H·j´M Linux ±M¥Îªº­µ®ÄÀ³¥Î³nÅé:
     * [39]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/
     * [40]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/
     * [41]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/
     * [42]ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/util/sound/
     * [43]ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/
     * [44]ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/
       
6.27 ­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¤£¥i¥H½sĶ¦¨¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ?

   ³Ì·sªº®Ö¤ß¸Ìªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¥H°µ¦¨¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ¡C
   
   ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¦b /usr/src/linux/Documentation/sound ¸ÌªºÀɮסA ¤×¨ä¬O
   Introduction ¤Î README.modules¡C
   
6.28 §Ú¯à§â¥D±±¥xªº¹Í¹ÍÁn§ï¥Î­µ®Ä¥dµo¥X¶Ü?

   ¸Õ¸Õoplbeepµ{¦¡¡A¥i¦b
   [45]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-2.3.tar.gz ¤¤§ä
   ¨ì¡C
   
   ¥t¤@­ÓÅܺءA¥s beep µ{¦¡¡A¥i¦b
   [46]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tg
   z ¤¤§ä¨ì¡C
   
   modutils ®M¥ó¦³­Ó½d¨Òµ{¦¡¤Î®Ö¤ß­×¸É¡A¤ä´©¦b®Ö¤ß­n¨D®É¡A °õ¦æ¥~³¡µ{¦¡¡A
   ²£¥ÍÁn­µ¡C
   
   ¥t¥~¦b¤@¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d¤W¡A±z¥i¥H±NPC³â¥z¿é¥X¨ì­µ®Ä¥d¤W¡A³o¼Ë©Ò¦³Án­µ´N³£¥Ñ­µ
   ®Ä¥d µo¥X¨Ó¤F¡C
   
6.29 VoxWare¬O¤°»ò?

   ¥Ñ 4Front Technologies ¥X°âªº°Ó·~ª©­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥H«e¦³¹³VoxWare¡A
   USS(Unix Sound System)¡A¬Æ¦ÜTASD(¼È¥BµL¦Wªº­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ¤§Ãþ¦WºÙ¡C ²{
   ¦b³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¥«³õ¤W¥s OSS(Open Sound System)¡C ¦b Linux ®Ö¤ß¤¤¥]§tªº
   ¦³®É¥s°µOSS/Free¡C
   
   ­n§ó¦h¸ê°T¡A½Ð¤W 4Front Technologies ºô¯¸ (¦b
   [47]http://www.opensound.com/)¡C §Ú¦b [48]Linux Journal 1997 ¦~¤»¤ë¸¹¦³
   ¼g¤@½g ¹ï OSS/Linux ªºµû½×¤å³¹¡C
   
6.30 Sox/Play/Vplay ¦^³ø "invalid block size 1024"

   ¦b 1.3.67 ª©®Ö¤ß¤¤ªº§ïÅÜ(¿ù»~ªº)¨ÏÀˬd SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKSIZE ioctl ¬O§_
   ¶Ç¦^¤j©ó 4096 ªº©ñ­µ³nÅ饢®Ä¡C ³Ì·sªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤w­×¥¿¡AÁקK°t¸m¤p©ó 4096
   bytes ªº¸H¶ô¡A¸Ñ¨M¤F¤½¥Îµ{¦¡ªº°ÝÃD¡C
   
6.31 §Ú¸ü¤J­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¼Ò²Õ«á¡A²V­µ³]©w´N³Q­«³]¤F

   ±z¥i¥H±N­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡°µ¦¨¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ¡A¨Ã¨Ï¥Î kerneld ¦Û°Ê¸ü¤J¤Î°£¥h¡C µM
   ¦Ó³o³y¦¨¤F¤@­Ó°ÝÃD - ·í¼Ò²Õ­«·s¸ü¤J®É¡A²V­µ¾¹ ³]©w¤S¦^Âk¹w©wªº­È¡C ¹ï¦³
   ¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d¨Ó»¡¡A³o·|¤Ó¤jÁn(¦pÁnÅQ¥d16)©Î¤Ó¤pÁn¡C Markus Gutschke
   (gutschk@uni-muenster.de)µo²{¤F³o°ÝÃDªº¸Ñ¨M¤§¹D¡A¦b±zªº
   /etc/conf.modules Àɤ¤¥[¤J¦p¤Uªº¤@¦æ:
   
options sound dma_buffsize=65536 && /usr/bin/setmixer igain 0 ogain 0 vol 75

   ³o·|¦b­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸ü¤J«á¥ß¨è°õ¦æ±zªº²V­µµ{¦¡(¦b½d¨Ò¤¤¬O¥Î setmixer )¡C
   dma_buffsize °Ñ¼Æ¨S¦³·N¸q¡A¦ý¬O¬O¥²»Ýªº¡A¦]¬°³o­Ó©R¥O »Ý­n¤@¨Ç©R¥O¦Cªº
   ¿ï¶µ¡C §â¤W­±¨º¦æ§ï¦¨±z·Q­nªº²V­µ¤Î¼W¯q³]©w­È¡C
   
   ¦pªG±z±N­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡³s¶i®Ö¤ß¡A¦Ó·Q¦b¶}¾÷«á´N¦Û°Ê³]©w­µ¶q¡A±z¥i¥H¦b¶}¾÷
   ¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ ÀÉ/etc/rc.d/rc.local¤¤±N²V­µµ{¦¡¥[¶i¥h¡C
   
6.32 ¥u¦³ root ¯à¿ý­µ

   ¦b Readme.linux ¤¤ªº©R¥O½Z¹w³]·|±N­µ®Ä³]³ÆÀɳ]¦¨¶È¦³ root ¥iŪ¡A ³o¬O¬°
   ¤F¶ñ¸É¦w¥þ¤Wªºº|¬}¡C ¦bºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¸Ì¡A ¥~­±ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H»·ºÝ³s¶i¦³­µ®Ä¥d¤Î
   ³Á§J­·ªºLinux¨t²Î¨ÃÅÑÅ¥¡C ¦pªG±z¤£¾á¤ß³o­Ó¡A±z¥i¥H§ïÅܳo­Ó©R¥O½Z¤¤ªºÅv
   ­­¡C
   
   ¦b¹w³]ªº¦w¸Ëªk¡A¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤´µM¥i¥H¼½©ñ­µ®ÄÀÉ¡C ³o¤£·|³y¦¨¦w¥þ¤Wªº­·ÀI¡A
   ¤Ï¦Ó¥i¥H¬Ù±¼«Ü¦h³Â·Ð¡C
   
6.33 ¦bIBM ThinkPad¤Wªº­µ®ÄµwÅé¥i¥H¤ä´©¶Ü?

   Ãö©ó¦p¦ó¦b Linux ¤U¨Ï¥Î IBM ThinkPad ¤Wªº mwave ­µ®Ä¥d¤§¸ê°T¡A¥i¦b
   /usr/src/linux/Documentation/sound/mwaveÀɤ¤§ä¨ì¡A ¥¦¤]¬O®Ö¤ß­ì©l½Xªº¤@
   ³¡¥÷¡C
   
6.34 ¦]¬°§Úªº­µ®Ä¥d¨S¦³²V­µ¾¹¡A©Ò¥HÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤£Åý§Ú¥Î

   ¤@¨Çªº 8 ¦ì¤¸ÁnÅQ¥d¨S¦³²V­µ¾¹¹q¸ô¡C ¦³¨Ç­µ®ÄÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡­n¨D­n¯à¶}±Ò²V­µ
   ¾¹³]³Æ¡A ¦b³o¨Ç¥d¤W´N·|¥¢®Ä¡C Jens Werner (
   [49]werner@bert.emv.ing.tu-bs.de ³ø§i¤F¤@­Ó¸Ñªk¡A§â /dev/mixer ³s¨ì
   /dev/null«á¡A ¤@¤ÁÀ³¸Ó³£«Ü¦n¤F¡C
   
6.35 SB16 CT4170 ªº°ÝÃD

   ¥H¤U¥Ñ Scott Manley( [50]spm@star.arm.ac.uk)´£¨Ñ:
   
     ¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³¤@ºØ·sªºÁnÅQ¥d -- ¥¦¥H SB16 ªº¦W¸q½æµ¹§Ú­Ì¡A¸Ó¥dªº«¬¦¡¬O
     CT4170¡C ³oª±·N¥u¦³¤@²Õ DMA ³q¹D¡A©Ò¥H·í±z¸ÕµÛ³]©w¥¦®É¡A®Ö¤ß¦s¨ú 16
     ¦ì¤¸ DMA ·|¦³³Â·Ð¡C ¸Ñ¨M¤§¹D¬O§â²Ä¤G²Õ DMA ³]¦¨ 1¡A³o¼Ë³o±i¥d´N©M¼s
     §i¤WÁ¿ªº¬Û²Å¤F¡C
     
6.36 «ç¼Ë±N MIDI keyboard ³s±µ¨ì­µ®Ä¥d¤W?

   ¥H¤U¥Ñ Kim G¡C S¡C OEyhus ( [51]kim@pvv.ntnu.no)´£¨Ñ:
   
     §Ú¨ìºô»Úºô¸ô¤W¥H¤Î­µ®Ä¥d¤å¥ó¨ì³B·j´MÃö©ó¦p¦ó§â¥D keyboard ªº MIDI
     output ³s±µ¨ì­µ®Ä¥dªº MIDI input ³o»ò²³æªº¨Æªº¤èªk¡Aµ²ªG§Ú¤°»ò³£¨S
     §ä¨ì¡C °ÝÃD¬O¥¦­Ì³£¨Ï¥Î¦P¤@³]³Æ¡A/dev/midi¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦b OSS ­µ®Ä¨t²Î¤W¬O
     ¦p¦¹¡C ©Ò¥H§Ú§ä¨ì¤F¤@ºØ¤èªk¡A§Æ±æ©M¤j®a¤À¨É¡C ³o¼Ë´N³y¥X¤F¤@­Ó²³æªº
     ¦X¦¨¾¹¡A¨Ã¦³§¹¾ã MIDI ¤ä´©:
     
     ¥Î MIDI ª½±µ±N MIDI ¥D KEYBOARD ³s±µ¨ì­µ®Ä¥d
     
     MIDI ¥D keyboard ¬O¤@­Ó¨S¦³¦X¦¨¾¹ªº keyboard¡A¤W­±¥u¦³¤@­Ó MIDI out
     ´¡®y¡C ³o¥i¥H³z¹L¾A·íªº³s±µ½u³s¤W­µ®Ä¥d¤Wªº 15 pin D-SUB ³s±µ°ð¡C
     
     ³o­Ó keyboard ¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó±±¨î­µ®Ä¥d¤Wªº¦X¦¨³]³Æ¡A°µ¥X¤F¤@­Ó²³æ¥Î
     keyboard ±±¨îªº¦X¦¨¾¹¡C
     
     ¤§«á¦A½sĶ¥H¤Uµ{¦¡¡A¦p¥Î 'gcc -o prog prog.c' ¨Ã°õ¦æ¥¦:
     
#include <fcntl.h>

main()
{
  int fil¡Aa;
  char b[256];

  fil=open("/dev/midi"¡AO_RDWR);
  for(;;)
    {
      a=read(fil¡Ab¡A256);
      write(fil¡Ab¡Aa);
    }
}

6.37 IRQ 15 ¥H¤Î Ensoniq PCI 128 ¤§¶¡ªº°ÝÃD

   ¥H¤U¥Ñ Matthew Inger ( [52]mattinger@mindless.com) ´£¨Ñ:
   
     ¦p¦óÅý Ensoniq PCI 128 ¥i¥Îªº¸ê°T¡C
     
     ³o®i²{ªº°ÝÃD¬O¥¦¹w³]­È¬O¥Î IRQ 15¡C(³oÂI Plug and Pray ±o­t°_³d¥ô)¡C
     ³o­Ó¤¤Â_¤]¬O²Ä¤G²Õ IDE ±±¨î¾¹¥Î¨ìªº¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¯à©M¨ä¥¦³]³Æ¦@¨É¡C ±z¥²¶·
     ±j­¢ es1370 ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥¦¤¤Â_(´N¹³¦b Windows ¤U¥i¥H¥Î IRQ 11 ¤@¼Ë)¡C
     
     «H¤£«H¥Ñ§A¡A§Ú¦Û¦æ§ä¨ì¤F³o°ÝÃDªº¸Ñ¨M¤§¹D¡C
     
     §Ú©Ò°µªº¨Æ:
     
     a) ¦b BIOS ¤¤¡A±z¥²¶·§iª¾¹q¸£±z¨S¦³ ÀH´¡§Y¥Î OS¡A§Ú¬Û«H³o¦b§Úªº
     BIOS ¤¤ªº advanced options ¸Ì¡C
     
     b) ¦b BIOS ¤¤ªº PCI ³]©w¡A­n¹q¸£«O¯d¤¤Â_ 15 µ¹ ISA³]³Æ¡C ¦b§Úªº
     BIOS¡A¦b Advanced Options ¤¤¡A¦³¤@³¡¥÷¬O³]©w PCI ªº¡A¦b¨º¸Ì¥i¥H±Æ°£
     ¤@¨Ç¸ê·½¤£Åý PCI ¥Î¡A´N¦b¨º¸Ì³]©w¡C
     
     ·í±z­«¶}¾÷¶i Linux «á±z´N¯àÅ¥¨ìÁn­µ¤F¡C (§Ú¤£°O±o¥¦¬O¤£¬O·Ó±`Åã¥Ü¶}
     ¾÷°T®§¤F) ¬°¦w¥þ°_¨£¡A§Ú¦A°õ¦æ¤@¹M sndconfig¡A¥¦·|©ñ¥X´ú¸Õ­µ®Ä¡AÅ¥°_
     ¨Ó¤£«ç»ò¼Ë¡A ¦ý¥¦µo¥XÁn­µ¤F¡C µM¦Ó§Ú©ñ CD ®É¡AÅ¥°_¨Ó¯u¬O´Î·¥¤F¡C
     
     Windows ¨ºÃä´N¬Ç¾á¤ß¤F¡A§Ú¸Õ¤F¨â±i¥d¡A¤@±i¬O ISA Modem¡A¥t¤@±i¬O­µ®Ä
     ¥d¡A ¨â­Ó³£¹B¦æµLê¡C
     
     ±zªº BIOS ©M§Úªº¥i¯à¤£¦P¡A¤£¹L±z¥u­n·d²M·¡«e­±Á¿ªº¨â­Ó³]©w¦b­þ´N¦n¡C
     ¯¬¦n¹B¡C
     
6.38 §Ú¦b­þ¨à¥i¥H§ì¨ì¥i¦Û¥Ñ´²¥¬ªº MIDI patch¡A¨Óµ¹ SoftOSS ¨Ï¥Î?

   SoftOSS ¬O©M Gravis UltraSound ¥d¬Û®e¡A ¥]§t¦b®Ö¤ß­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº³nÅéªi
   §Îªí¦X¦¨¾¹(¤]¥i¥H»¡¬O³nÅé­µ·½)¡C ­n¨Ï¥Î³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A»Ý­n GUS ¬Û®eªº
   MIDI patch ÀÉ¡C ¤å¥ó¤Wªº»¡ªk¬O "public domain MIDIA patchset available
   from several ftp sites" (¤½¶}ªº MIDIA patch ¶°¥i¦b´X­Ó ftp ¯¸§ä¨ì)
   
   ¦p¦P 4Front Technologies ºô¯¸¤W»¡ªº(
   [53]http://www.opensound.com/softoss.html)¡A¥¦­Ì¥i¦b
   [54]ftp://archive.cs.umbc.edu/pub/midia/instruments.tar.gz ¤U¸ü¡C
   
7. °Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

   ¦pªG±z¦³¤ù¤ä´© CD-ROM ©Î SCSI ¤¶­±ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A°Ñ¾\ [55]SCSI HOWTO ¥H¤Î
   Linux [56]CD-ROM HOWTO ¥i¯à¥i¥Hµ¹±z§ó¦h¦³¥Îªº¸ê°T¡C (Ķª`: CDROM HOWTO
   ¤¤¤åª©¦b [57]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/CDROM-HOWTO.html)
   
   [58]Sound Playing HOWTO «h¹ï¦p¦ó¦bLinux¤U¼½©ñ¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº­µ®Ä¤Î­µ¼ÖÀɦ³©Ò
   ¤¶²Ð¡C (Ķª`: ¤¤¤åª©¦b
   [59]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Sound-Playing-HOWTO.html)
   
   [60]Linux SoundBlaster AWE32/64 Mini-HOWTO´y­z¦p¦ó¦b Linux ¤U¨Ï¥ÎÁnÅQ¥d
   32 ©Î 64¡C (Ķª`: ¤¤¤åª©¦b
   [61]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/mini/Soundblaster-AWE.html)
   
   µ{¦¡³]­p¸ê°T¥i¥Ñ 4Front Technologies ºô¯¸
   [62]http://www.opensound.com/pguide¨ú±o¡C
   
   ¥H¤UªºFAQ©w´Á±i¶K©óUsenet°Q½×°Ï [63]news.announce ¥H¤ÎÀÉ®×®w
   [64]ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers¤¤:
     * PCsoundcards/generic-faq (Generic PC Soundcard FAQ)
     * PCsoundcards/soundcard-faq (comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard FAQ)
     * PCsoundcards/gravis-ultrasound/faq (Gravis UltraSound FAQ)
     * audio-fmts/part1 (Audio file format descriptions)
     * audio-fmts/part2 (Audio file format descriptions)
       
   ³o¨ÇFAQ¤]¦C¥X¤@¨Ç©M²£«~¬ÛÃöªº³q«H½×¾Â¤ÎÀÉ®×®w¡C ¥H¤UªºUsenet°Q½×°Ï¥D­n
   °Q½×­µ®Ä¤Î ­µ¼Ö¬ÛÃöªºÃD§÷:
   
     * [65]alt.binaries.sounds.* (±i¶K­µ®ÄÀÉ¡A«Ü¦h¸s²Õ)
     * [66]alt.binaries.multimedia (±i¶K¦h´CÅéÀÉ®×¥Î)
     * [67]alt.sb.programmer (©MÁnÅQ¥dµ{¦¡³]­p¦³Ãö)
     * [68]comp.multimedia (¦h´CÅé±MÃD)
     * [69]comp.music (¹q¸£­µ¼Ö²z½×¤Î¬ã¨s)
     * [70]comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard.* (¦UºØIBM PC­µ®Ä¥dªº¸s²Õ)
       
   ¦b [71]http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/¦³­Ó¦h´CÅé ±Mªù¯¸¥x¡C
   Creative Labs ªººô¯¸«h¦b [72]http://www.creaf.com/¡C MediaTrix ªººô¯¸¦b
   [73]http://www.mediatrix.com/
   
   Linux³q«H½×¾Â¦³³\¦hÃö©ó¤£¦P¥DÃD(¥]¬A­µ®Ä)ªºÀW¹D¡C ·Qª¾¹D¦p¦ó°Ñ¥[¡A ±H¤@
   «Ê¤º®e¬° "help" ªº«H¨ì [74]majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu¡C ³Ì¦n¤£­n¥Î¥¦¨Ó
   °Ý¦p¦ó³]©w­µ®Ä¥d³oÃþ°ÝÃD¡A ¥¦­Ì¬O¬°¶}µoªÌ°Q½×¥Îªº¡C
   
   «e­±´£¹L¦n´X¦¸¤F¡A­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥]§t«Ü¦hReadmeÀÉ¡A ¸Ì­±¦³«Ü¦h©MÅX°Êµ{¦¡¬Û
   Ãöªº¸ê°T¡C ¥¦­Ì±`±`©ñ¦b /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡C
   
   ¦b4Front Technologiesºô¯¸ [75]http://www.opensound.com/ ¤W¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì
   Linux ¤Î¨ä¥¦ Unix ¬Û®e§@·~¨t²Î¥Îªº°Ó·~ª©­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡OSSªº¸ê°T¡C
   
   Linux Software Map¬O·j¯ÁLinux³nÅ骺·¥¨Î°Ñ¦Ò¡C ¥ÎÃöÁä¦r¹³ sound ·j´M
   LSM ¬OÃѧOÃö©ó­µ®ÄµwÅ骺À³¥Îµ{¦¡¤§¦n¿ìªk¡C LSM ¥i¦b«Ü¦h°Î¦WÀÉ®×®w¡A¥]¬A
   [76]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM/(¥ý«e¦W¬° sunsite) ¤¤§ä¨ì
   ¡C ¤]¦³¨Çºô¯¸ºûÅ@ Linux À³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A
   [77]http://www.freshmeat.net ¬O¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¡C
   
   Linux ¤å¥ó­pµe(LDP)»s§@¤F¦n´X¥» Linux ªº®Ñ¡A¥]¬A Linux Installation
   and Getting Started¡C ³o¨Ç¥i±q¥D­nªº Linux FTP ÀÉ®×®w§K¶O¨ú±o¡A©Î¬Oªá¿ú
   ¶Rµw«þ¨©«¬¦¡ªº¤å¥ó¡C
   
   ³Ì«á©O¡AÁöµM¦³¨Ç¦Ñ¤ý½æ¥Ê¤§¶û¡A¤£¹LÁÙ¬O®e§Ú¦b¦¹¥´¥´¤p¼s§i: ¦pªG±z·Q¾Ç¾Ç
   §ó¦hÃö©ó¦b Linux ¤Uªº¦h´CÅé (¯S§O¬OÃö©ó CD-ROM ¤Î­µ®Ä¥dÀ³¥Î¤Îµ{¦¡³]­p
   ªº)¡A¨ì®Ñ©±§ä§ä§Ú½sµÛªº Linux Multimedia Guide¡AISBN 1-56592-219-0¡A¥Ñ
   O'Reilly and Associates ¤½¥q¥Xª©¡C °£¤F­ì©lªº­^¤åª©¥~¡A ªk¤åª©©M¤é¤åª©
   ¤]¥¿¥I¦L¤¤¡C ­Y¦b¥_¬ü¬w¡A½Ð¹q 800-998-9938¡C ©Î¬O¥úÅU¥H¤U¯¸¥x:
   [78]http://www.ora.com/catalog/multilinux/noframes.html ©Î¥»¤Hªººô§}
   [79]http://www.pobox.com/~tranter/

References

   1. mailto:jeff_tranter@pobox.com
   2. mailto:yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net
   3. mailto:hannu@voxware.pp.fi
   4. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/text/sgml-tools-0.99.0.tar.gz
   5. news:comp.os.linux.answers
   6. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/
   7. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/
   8. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Sound-HOWTO.html
   9. http://www.freenix.org/unix/linux/HOWTO/
  10. http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/
  11. http://kldp.linux-kr.org/HOWTO/html/Sound/Sound-HOWTO.html
  12. http://www.phtd.tpu.edu.ru/~ott/russian/linux/howto-rus/Sound-HOWTO.html
  13. ftp://ftp.insflug.org/es
  14. http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/
  15. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/
  16. mailto:jeff_tranter@pobox.com
  17. mailto:yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net
  18. mailto:linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu
  19. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html
  20. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html
  21. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/unmaintained/SCSI-HOWTO
  22. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/CDROM-HOWTO.html
  23. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/CDROM-HOWTO.html
  24. http://www.opensound.com/
  25. http://www.alsa-project.org/
  26. mailto:mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de
  27. http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeach
  28. mailto:burgaard@daimi.aau.dk
  29. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz
  30. ftp://ftp.infomatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/os/linux/hu-sound/
  31. http://www.redhat.com/
  32. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html
  33. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Kernel-HOWTO.html
  34. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-data-0.1.tar.Z
  35. http://www.altavista.digital.com/
  36. http://www.opensound.com/
  37. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/doom
  38. ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz
  39. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/
  40. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/
  41. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/
  42. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/util/sound/
  43. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/
  44. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/
  45. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-2.3.tar.gz
  46. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tgz
  47. http://www.opensound.com/
  48. http://www.ssc.com/lj/
  49. mailto:werner@bert.emv.ing.tu-bs.de
  50. mailto:spm@star.arm.ac.uk
  51. mailto:kim@pvv.ntnu.no
  52. mailto:mattinger@mindless.com
  53. http://www.opensound.com/softoss.html
  54. ftp://archive.cs.umbc.edu/pub/midia/instruments.tar.gz
  55. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/unmaintained/SCSI-HOWTO
  56. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/CDROM-HOWTO.html
  57. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/CDROM-HOWTO.html
  58. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Sound-Playing-HOWTO.html
  59. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Sound-Playing-HOWTO.html
  60. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Soundblaster-AWE.html
  61. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/mini/Soundblaster-AWE.html
  62. http://www.opensound.com/pguide
  63. news:news.announce
  64. ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers
  65. news:alt.binaries.sounds
  66. news:alt.binaries.multimedia
  67. news:alt.sb.programmer
  68. news:comp.multimedia
  69. news:comp.music
  70. news:comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard
  71. http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/
  72. http://www.creaf.com/
  73. http://www.mediatrix.com/
  74. mailto:majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu
  75. http://www.opensound.com/
  76. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM/
  77. http://www.freshmeat.net/
  78. http://www.ora.com/catalog/multilinux/noframes.html
  79. http://www.pobox.com/~tranter/