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<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<h1 class="unnumbered">Fretted strings</h1>
<p>These snippets illustrate the Notation Reference,
section <a href="../../../Documentation/user/lilypond/Fretted-string-instruments.html#Fretted-string-instruments">Fretted string instruments</a>.
</p>
<a name="adding-fingerings-to-a-score.ly"></a>
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<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Adding fingerings to a score</h2>
<p>Fingering instructions can be entered using a simple syntax.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\relative c'' {
c4-1 d-2 f-4 e-3
}
</pre><p>
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<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Adding fingerings to tablatures</h2>
<p>To add fingerings to tablatures, use a combination of <code>\markup</code>
and <code>\finger</code>.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">one = \markup { \finger 1 }
two = \markup { \finger 2 }
threeTwo = \markup {
\override #'(baseline-skip . 2)
\column {
\finger 3
\finger 2
}
}
threeFour = \markup {
\override #'(baseline-skip . 2)
\column {
\finger 3
\finger 4
}
}
\score {
\new TabStaff {
\stemUp
e8\4^\one b\2 <e, g\3 e'\1>^>[ b\2 e\4]
<a\3 fis'\1>^>^\threeTwo[ b\2 e\4]
}
}
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<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Allowing fingerings to be printed inside the staff</h2>
<p>By default, vertically oriented fingerings are positioned outside the
staff. However, this behavior can be canceled.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\relative c' {
<c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5>2
\once \override Fingering #'staff-padding = #'()
<c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5>2
}
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<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Controlling the placement of chord fingerings</h2>
<p>The placement of fingering numbers can be controlled precisely.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\relative c' {
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(down)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(down right up)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(up)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
<c-1>2
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(down)
<e-3>2
}
</pre><p>
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<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Customizing fretboard fret diagrams</h2>
<p>Fret diagram properties can be set through
<code>'fret-diagram-details</code>. For FretBoard fret diagrams,
overrides are applied to the <code>FretBoards.FretBoard</code> object.
Like <code>Voice</code>, <code>FretBoards</code> is a bottom level context,
therefore can be omitted in property overrides.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode { c' }
#guitar-tuning
#"x;1-1-(;3-2;3-3;3-4;1-1-);"
<<
\new ChordNames {
\chordmode { c1 c c d }
}
\new FretBoards {
% Set global properties of fret diagram
\override FretBoards.FretBoard #'size = #'1.2
\override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'in-dot
\override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details dot-color) = #'white
\chordmode {
c
\once \override FretBoard #'size = #'1.0
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details barre-type) = #'straight
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details dot-color) = #'black
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
c'
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details barre-type) = #'none
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details number-type) = #'arabic
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details orientation) = #'landscape
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details mute-string) = #"M"
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details label-dir) = #LEFT
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details dot-color) = #'black
c'
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details dot-radius) = #0.35
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details dot-position) = #0.5
\once \override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details fret-count) = #3
d
}
}
\new Voice {
c'1 c' c' d'
}
>>
</pre><p>
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<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Customizing markup fret diagrams</h2>
<p>Fret diagram properties can be set through
<code>'fret-diagram-details</code>. For markup fret diagrams, overrides
can be applied to the <code>Voice.TextScript</code> object or directly
to the markup.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim"><<
\chords { c1 c c d }
\new Voice = "mel" {
\textLengthOn
% Set global properties of fret diagram
\override TextScript #'size = #'1.2
\override TextScript
#'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'in-dot
\override TextScript
#'(fret-diagram-details dot-color) = #'white
%% C major for guitar, no barre, using defaults
% terse style
c'1^\markup { \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-3;2-2;o;1-1;o;" }
%% C major for guitar, barred on third fret
% verbose style
% size 1.0
% roman fret label, finger labels below string, straight barre
c'1^\markup {
% standard size
\override #'(size . 1.0) {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(number-type . roman-lower)
(finger-code . in-dot)
(barre-type . straight))) {
\fret-diagram-verbose #'((mute 6)
(place-fret 5 3 1)
(place-fret 4 5 2)
(place-fret 3 5 3)
(place-fret 2 5 4)
(place-fret 1 3 1)
(barre 5 1 3))
}
}
}
%% C major for guitar, barred on third fret
% verbose style
% landscape orientation, arabic numbers, M for mute string
% no barre, fret label down or left, small mute label font
c'1^\markup {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(finger-code . below-string)
(number-type . arabic)
(label-dir . -1)
(mute-string . "M")
(orientation . landscape)
(barre-type . none)
(xo-font-magnification . 0.4)
(xo-padding . 0.3))) {
\fret-diagram-verbose #'((mute 6)
(place-fret 5 3 1)
(place-fret 4 5 2)
(place-fret 3 5 3)
(place-fret 2 5 4)
(place-fret 1 3 1)
(barre 5 1 3))
}
}
%% simple D chord
% terse style
% larger dots, centered dots, fewer frets
% label below string
d'1^\markup {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(finger-code . below-string)
(dot-radius . 0.35)
(dot-position . 0.5)
(fret-count . 3))) {
\fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2-1;3-2;2-3;"
}
}
}
>>
</pre><p>
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<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Defining predefined fretboards for other instruments</h2>
<p>Predefined fret diagrams can be added for new instruments
in addition to the standards used for guitar. This file shows how
this is done by defining a new string-tuning and a few predefined
fretboards for the Venezuelan cuatro.
</p>
<p>This file also shows how fingerings can be included in the chords
used as reference points for the chord lookup, and displayed in
the fret diagram and the <code>TabStaff</code>, but not the music.
</p>
<p>These fretboards are not transposable because they contain string
information. This is planned to be corrected in the future.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">% add FretBoards for the Cuatro
% Note: This section could be put into a separate file
% predefined-cuatro-fretboards.ly
% and \included into each of your compositions
cuatroTuning = #'(11 18 14 9)
dSix = { <a\4 b\1 d\3 fis\2> }
dMajor = { <a\4 d\1 d\3 fis \2> }
aMajSeven = { <a\4 cis\1 e\3 g\2> }
dMajSeven = { <a\4 c\1 d\3 fis\2> }
gMajor = { <b\4 b\1 d\3 g\2> }
\storePredefinedDiagram \dSix
#cuatroTuning
#"o;o;o;o;"
\storePredefinedDiagram \dMajor
#cuatroTuning
#"o;o;o;3-3;"
\storePredefinedDiagram \aMajSeven
#cuatroTuning
#"o;2-2;1-1;2-3;"
\storePredefinedDiagram \dMajSeven
#cuatroTuning
#"o;o;o;1-1;"
\storePredefinedDiagram \gMajor
#cuatroTuning
#"2-2;o;1-1;o;"
% end of potential include file /predefined-cuatro-fretboards.ly
#(set-global-staff-size 16)
primerosNames = \chordmode {
d:6 d a:maj7 d:maj7
g
}
primeros = {
\dSix \dMajor \aMajSeven \dMajSeven
\gMajor
}
\score {
<<
\new ChordNames {
\set chordChanges = ##t
\primerosNames
}
\new Staff {
\new Voice \with {
\remove "New_fingering_engraver"
}
\relative c'' {
\primeros
}
}
\new FretBoards {
\set stringTunings = #cuatroTuning
\override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details string-count) = #'4
\override FretBoard
#'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'in-dot
\primeros
}
\new TabStaff \relative c'' {
\set TabStaff.stringTunings = #cuatroTuning
\primeros
}
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\override SpacingSpanner
#'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 16)
}
}
\midi { }
}
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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Faking a hammer in tablatures</h2>
<p>A hammer in tablature can be faked with slurs.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\score {
\new TabStaff {
\relative c'' {
c4( d) d( d)
d2( c)
}
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../93/lily-18e82313.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../93/lily-18e82313.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="fingerings,-string-indications,-and-right-hand-fingerings.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Fingerings, string indications, and right-hand fingerings</h2>
<p>This example combines left-hand fingering, string indications, and
right-hand fingering.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">#(define RH rightHandFinger)
\relative c {
\clef "treble_8"
<c-3\5-\RH #1 >4
<e-2\4-\RH #2 >4
<g-0\3-\RH #3 >4
<c-1\2-\RH #4 >4
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../1d/lily-87ccf406.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../1d/lily-87ccf406.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="flamenco-notation.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Flamenco notation</h2>
<p>For flamenco guitar, special notation is used:
</p>
<p>* a golpe symbol to indicate a slap on the guitar body with the nail of
the ring finger
</p>
<p>* an arrow to indicate (the direction of) strokes
</p>
<p>* different letters for fingering ("p": thumb, "i": index finger,
"m": middle finger, "a": ring finger and "x": little finger)
</p>
<p>* 3- and 4-finger rasgueados; stroke upwards with all fingers, ending
with an up- and down using the index finger
</p>
<p>* abanicos: strokes (in tuples) with thumb (down), little and index
finger (both up). There’s also an abanico 2 where middle and ring
finger are used instead of the little finger.
</p>
<p>* alza pua: fast playing with the thumb
</p>
<p>Most figures use arrows in combination with fingering; with abanicos
and rasgueados, noteheads are printed only for the first chord.
</p>
<p>This snippet contains some header-like code that can be copied as
‘<samp>flamenco.ly</samp>’ and included in source files.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%% Cut here ----- Start 'flamenco.ly'
% Text indicators
abanico = \markup { \italic Abanico }
rasgueaso = \markup { \italic Ras. }
alzapua = \markup { \italic Alzapua }
% Finger stroke symbols
strokeUp = \markup { \postscript #"
0.1 setlinewidth
0.5 0 moveto
0.5 2 lineto
0.2 1.4 lineto
0.5 2 moveto
0.8 1.4 lineto
stroke
"}
strokeDown = \markup { \postscript #"
0.1 setlinewidth
0.5 2 moveto
0.5 0 lineto
0.2 0.6 lineto
0.5 0 moveto
0.8 0.6 lineto
stroke
"}
% Golpe symbol
golpe = \markup { \postscript #"
0.2 setlinewidth
0 0 moveto
1 0 lineto
1 1 lineto
stroke
"\postscript #"
0.1 setlinewidth
-0.6 -0.1 moveto
-0.6 1.0 lineto
0.5 1.0 lineto
stroke
"}
strokeUpGolpe = \markup { \column { \golpe \line { \strokeUp }}}
iUpGolpe = \markup { \column { \golpe \line { \small i } \line { \strokeUp }}}
% Strokes for all fingers
pUp = \markup { \column { \small p \line { \strokeUp }}}
pDown = \markup { \column { \small p \line { \strokeDown }}}
iUp = \markup { \column { \small i \line { \strokeUp }}}
iDown = \markup { \column { \small i \line { \strokeDown }}}
mUp = \markup { \column { \small m \line { \strokeUp }}}
mDown = \markup { \column { \small m \line { \strokeDown }}}
aUp = \markup { \column { \small a \line { \strokeUp }}}
aDown = \markup { \column { \small a \line { \strokeDown }}}
xUp = \markup { \column { \small x \line { \strokeUp }}}
xDown = \markup { \column { \small x \line { \strokeDown }}}
% Just handy :)
tupletOff = {
\once \override TupletNumber #'stencil = ##f
\once \override TupletBracket #'stencil = ##f
}
tupletsOff = {
\override TupletNumber #'stencil = ##f
\override TupletBracket #'bracket-visibility = #'if-no-beam
}
tupletsOn = {
\override TupletBracket #'bracket-visibility = #'default
\revert TupletNumber #'stencil
}
headsOff = {
\override TabNoteHead #'transparent = ##t
\override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
\override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##t
}
headsOn = {
\override TabNoteHead #'transparent = ##f
\override NoteHead #'transparent = ##f
\override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##f
}
%%%%%%% Cut here ----- End 'flamenco.ly'
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
part = \relative c' {
<a, e' a cis e>8^\iUp
<a e' a cis e>8^\iDown
r4
r2^\golpe
<a e' a cis e>8^\iUp
<a e' a cis e>8^\iDown
<a e' a cis e>8^\iUpGolpe
<a e' a cis e>8^\iDown
r2
<a e' a cis e>16^\aUp
\headsOff
<a e' a cis e>^\mUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iDown~
\headsOn
<a e' a cis e>2
r4
\tupletOff
\times 4/5 {
<a e' a cis e>16^\xUp
\headsOff
<a e' a cis e>^\aUp
<a e' a cis e>^\mUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iDown~
\headsOn
}
<a e' a cis e>2
r4
\tupletsOff
\times 2/3 {
<a e' a cis e>8^\pDown
\headsOff
<a e' a cis e>^\xUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iUp
\headsOn
}
\times 2/3 {
<a e' a cis e>8^\pDown
\headsOff
<a e' a cis e>^\xUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iUp
\headsOn
}
\times 2/3 {
<a e' a cis e>8^\pDown
\headsOff
<a e' a cis e>^\xUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iUp
\headsOn
}
\times 2/3 {
<a e' a cis e>8^\pDown
\headsOff
<a e' a cis e>^\xUp
<a e' a cis e>^\iUp
\headsOn
}
\tupletsOff
\override Beam #'positions = #'(2 . 2)
\times 2/3 {
a8^\markup{ \small p }
<e' a>^\strokeUpGolpe
<e a>^\strokeDown
}
\times 2/3 {
a,8^\markup{ \small p }
<e' a>^\strokeUpGolpe
<e a>^\strokeDown
}
\times 2/3 {
a,8^\markup{ \small p }
<e' a>^\strokeUpGolpe
<e a>^\strokeDown
}
\times 2/3 {
a,8^\markup{ \small p }
<e' a>^\strokeUpGolpe
<e a>^\strokeDown
}
\tupletsOn
\once \override TextScript #'extra-offset = #'(0 . -1)
<g, b f'>1_\golpe^\mUp
\bar "|."
}
\score {
\new StaffGroup <<
\context Staff = "part" <<
\clef G
\transpose c c'
{
\part
}
>>
\context TabStaff {
\part
}
>>
\layout {
ragged-right = ##t
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../03/lily-05441789.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../03/lily-05441789.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="fret-diagrams-explained-and-developed.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Fret diagrams explained and developed</h2>
<p>This snippet shows many possibilities for obtaining
and tweaking fret diagrams.
</p><pre class="verbatim"><<
\chords {
a2 a
c2 c
d1
}
\new Voice = "mel" {
\textLengthOn
% Set global properties of fret diagram
\override TextScript #'size = #1.2
\override TextScript #'fret-diagram-details #'finger-code = #'below-string
\override TextScript #'fret-diagram-details #'dot-color = #'black
%% A chord for ukelele
a'2^\markup {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(string-count . 4)
(dot-color . white)
(finger-code . in-dot))) {
\fret-diagram #"4-2-2;3-1-1;2-o;1-o;"
}
}
%% A chord for ukelele, with formatting defined in definition string
% 1.2 * size, 4 strings, 4 frets, fingerings below string
% dot radius .35 of fret spacing, dot position 0.55 of fret spacing
a'2^\markup {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(dot-color . white)
(open-string . "o"))) {
\fret-diagram #"s:1.2;w:4;h:3;f:2;d:0.35;p:0.55;4-2-2;3-1-1;2-o;1-o;"
}
}
%% C major for guitar, barred on third fret
% verbose style
% roman fret label, finger labels below string, straight barre
c'2^\markup {
% 110% of default size
\override #'(size . 1.1) {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(number-type . roman-lower)
(finger-code . below-string)
(barre-type . straight))) {
\fret-diagram-verbose #'((mute 6)
(place-fret 5 3 1)
(place-fret 4 5 2)
(place-fret 3 5 3)
(place-fret 2 5 4)
(place-fret 1 3 1)
(barre 5 1 3))
}
}
}
%% C major for guitar, barred on third fret
% verbose style
c'2^\markup {
% 110% of default size
\override #'(size . 1.1) {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(number-type . arabic)
(dot-label-font-mag . 0.9)
(finger-code . in-dot)
(fret-label-font-mag . 0.6)
(fret-label-vertical-offset . 0)
(label-dir . -1)
(mute-string . "M")
(orientation . landscape)
(xo-font-magnification . 0.4)
(xo-padding . 0.3))) {
\fret-diagram-verbose #'((mute 6)
(place-fret 5 3 1)
(place-fret 4 5 2)
(place-fret 3 5 3)
(place-fret 2 5 4)
(place-fret 1 3 1)
(barre 5 1 3))
}
}
}
%% simple D chord
d'1^\markup {
\override #'(fret-diagram-details . (
(finger-code . below-string)
(dot-radius . 0.35)
(dot-position . 0.5)
(fret-count . 3))) {
\fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2-1;3-2;2-3;"
}
}
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../e7/lily-e6068c8f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../e7/lily-e6068c8f.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="guitar-strum-rhythms.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Guitar strum rhythms</h2>
<p>For guitar music, it is possible to show strum rhythms, along
with melody notes, chord names, and fret diagrams.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
<<
\new ChordNames {
\chordmode {
c1 f g c
}
}
\new FretBoards {
\chordmode {
c1 f g c
}
}
\new Voice \with {
\consists "Pitch_squash_engraver"
} {
\relative c'' {
\improvisationOn
c4 c8 c c4 c8 c
f4 f8 f f4 f8 f
g4 g8 g g4 g8 g
c4 c8 c c4 c8 c
}
}
\new Voice = "melody" {
\relative c'' {
c2 e4 e4
f2. r4
g2. a4
e4 c2.
}
}
\new Lyrics {
\lyricsto "melody" {
This is my song.
I like to sing.
}
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../35/lily-3776fff5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../35/lily-3776fff5.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="how-to-change-fret-diagram-position.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">How to change fret diagram position</h2>
<p>If you want to move the position of a fret diagram, for example, to
avoid collision, or to place it between two notes, you have various
possibilities:
</p>
<p>1) modify #’padding or #’extra-offset values (as shown in the first
snippet)
</p>
<p>2) you can add an invisible voice and attach the fret diagrams to the
invisible notes in that voice (as shown in the second example).
</p>
<p> If you need to move the fret according with a rythmic position inside
the bar (in the example, the third beat of the measure) the second
example is better, because the fret is aligned with the third beat
itself.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">harmonies = \chordmode
{
a8:13
% THE FOLLOWING IS THE COMMAND TO MOVE THE CHORD NAME
\once \override ChordNames.ChordName #'extra-offset = #'(10 . 0)
b8:13 s2.
% THIS LINE IS THE SECOND METHOD
s4 s4 b4:13
}
\score
{
<<
\context ChordNames \harmonies
\context Staff
{a8^\markup { \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-0;4-2;3-0;2-0;1-2;" }
% THE FOLLOWING IS THE COMMAND TO MOVE THE FRET DIAGRAM
\once \override TextScript #'extra-offset = #'(10 . 0)
b4.~^\markup { \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-2;4-4;3-2;2-2;1-4;" } b4. a8\break
% HERE IS THE SECOND METHOD
<<
{ a8 b4.~ b4. a8}
{ s4 s4 s4^\markup { \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-2;4-4;3-2;2-2;1-4;" }
}
>>
}
>>
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../51/lily-570a9e45.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../51/lily-570a9e45.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="jazz-combo-template.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Jazz combo template</h2>
<p>This is quite an advanced template, for a jazz ensemble. Note that all
instruments are notated in <code>\key c \major</code>. This refers to the
key in concert pitch; the key will be automatically transposed if the
music is within a <code>\transpose</code> section.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\header {
title = "Song"
subtitle = "(tune)"
composer = "Me"
meter = "moderato"
piece = "Swing"
tagline = \markup {
\column {
"LilyPond example file by Amelie Zapf,"
"Berlin 07/07/2003"
}
}
}
%#(set-global-staff-size 16)
\include "english.ly"
%%%%%%%%%%%% Some macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
sl = {
\override NoteHead #'style = #'slash
\override Stem #'transparent = ##t
}
nsl = {
\revert NoteHead #'style
\revert Stem #'transparent
}
crOn = \override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
crOff = \revert NoteHead #'style
%% insert chord name style stuff here.
jazzChords = { }
%%%%%%%%%%%% Keys'n'thangs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
global = { \time 4/4 }
Key = { \key c \major }
% ############ Horns ############
% ------ Trumpet ------
trpt = \transpose c d \relative c'' {
\Key
c1 | c | c |
}
trpHarmony = \transpose c' d {
\jazzChords
}
trumpet = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trumpet"
\clef treble
<<
\trpt
>>
}
% ------ Alto Saxophone ------
alto = \transpose c a \relative c' {
\Key
c1 | c | c |
}
altoHarmony = \transpose c' a {
\jazzChords
}
altoSax = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Sax"
\clef treble
<<
\alto
>>
}
% ------ Baritone Saxophone ------
bari = \transpose c a' \relative c {
\Key
c1
c1
\sl
d4^"Solo" d d d
\nsl
}
bariHarmony = \transpose c' a \chordmode {
\jazzChords s1 s d2:maj e:m7
}
bariSax = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bari Sax"
\clef treble
<<
\bari
>>
}
% ------ Trombone ------
tbone = \relative c {
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
tboneHarmony = \chordmode {
\jazzChords
}
trombone = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trombone"
\clef bass
<<
\tbone
>>
}
% ############ Rhythm Section #############
% ------ Guitar ------
gtr = \relative c'' {
\Key
c1
\sl
b4 b b b
\nsl
c1
}
gtrHarmony = \chordmode {
\jazzChords
s1 c2:min7+ d2:maj9
}
guitar = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Guitar"
\clef treble
<<
\gtr
>>
}
%% ------ Piano ------
rhUpper = \relative c'' {
\voiceOne
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
rhLower = \relative c' {
\voiceTwo
\Key
e1 | e | e
}
lhUpper = \relative c' {
\voiceOne
\Key
g1 | g | g
}
lhLower = \relative c {
\voiceTwo
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
PianoRH = {
\clef treble
\global
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic grand"
<<
\new Voice = "one" \rhUpper
\new Voice = "two" \rhLower
>>
}
PianoLH = {
\clef bass
\global
\set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
<<
\new Voice = "one" \lhUpper
\new Voice = "two" \lhLower
>>
}
piano = {
<<
\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
\new Staff = "upper" \PianoRH
\new Staff = "lower" \PianoLH
>>
}
% ------ Bass Guitar ------
Bass = \relative c {
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
bass = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bass"
\clef bass
<<
\Bass
>>
}
% ------ Drums ------
up = \drummode {
\voiceOne
hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
}
down = \drummode {
\voiceTwo
bd4 s bd s
bd4 s bd s
bd4 s bd s
}
drumContents = {
\global
<<
\set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Drums"
\new DrumVoice \up
\new DrumVoice \down
>>
}
%%%%%%%%% It All Goes Together Here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\score {
<<
\new StaffGroup = "horns" <<
\new Staff = "trumpet" \trumpet
\new Staff = "altosax" \altoSax
\new ChordNames = "barichords" \bariHarmony
\new Staff = "barisax" \bariSax
\new Staff = "trombone" \trombone
>>
\new StaffGroup = "rhythm" <<
\new ChordNames = "chords" \gtrHarmony
\new Staff = "guitar" \guitar
\new PianoStaff = "piano" \piano
\new Staff = "bass" \bass
\new DrumStaff \drumContents
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
\context {
\Score
\override BarNumber #'padding = #3
\override RehearsalMark #'padding = #2
skipBars = ##t
}
}
\midi { }
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../5d/lily-4d784c68.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../5d/lily-4d784c68.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="laissez-vibrer-ties.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Laissez vibrer ties</h2>
<p>Laissez vibrer ties have a fixed size. Their formatting can be tuned
using <code>'tie-configuration</code>.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\relative c' {
<c e g>4\laissezVibrer r <c f g>\laissezVibrer r
<c d f g>4\laissezVibrer r <c d f g>4.\laissezVibrer r8
<c d e f>4\laissezVibrer r
\override LaissezVibrerTieColumn #'tie-configuration
= #`((-7 . ,DOWN)
(-5 . ,DOWN)
(-3 . ,UP)
(-1 . ,UP))
<c d e f>4\laissezVibrer r
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../69/lily-ec44e387.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../69/lily-ec44e387.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="letter-tablature-formatting.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Letter tablature formatting</h2>
<p>Tablature can be formatted using letters instead of
numbers.
</p><pre class="verbatim">#(define (letter-tablature-format str context event)
(let*
((tuning (ly:context-property context 'stringTunings))
(pitch (ly:event-property event 'pitch)))
(make-whiteout-markup
(make-vcenter-markup
(string (integer->char
(+ (char->integer #\a)
(- (ly:pitch-semitones pitch)
(list-ref tuning (- str 1))))))))))
music = \relative c {
c4 d e f
g4 a b c
d4 e f g
}
<<
\new Staff {
\clef "G_8"
\music
}
\new TabStaff \with {
tablatureFormat = #letter-tablature-format
}
{
\music
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../0a/lily-89845759.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../0a/lily-89845759.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="modern-tab-text-clef.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Modern TAB text clef</h2>
<p>Use a markup text to replace the (TAB) clef glyph with a modern font.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">TAB = \markup {
\raise #1.5
\sans
\bold
\huge
\override #'(baseline-skip . 2.5)
\center-column {
T
A
B
}
}
\new TabStaff {
\override Staff.Clef #'stencil = #(lambda (grob)
ly:clef::print (grob-interpret-markup grob TAB))
a
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../19/lily-0cc09dd5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../19/lily-0cc09dd5.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="placement-of-right-hand-fingerings.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Placement of right-hand fingerings</h2>
<p>It is possible to exercise greater control over the placement of
right-hand fingerings by setting a specific property, as demonstrated
in the following example.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">#(define RH rightHandFinger)
\relative c {
\clef "treble_8"
\set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
<c-\RH #1 e-\RH #2 g-\RH #3 c-\RH #4 >4
\set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
<c-\RH #1 e-\RH #2 g-\RH #3 c-\RH #4 >4
\set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(left)
<c-\RH #1 e-\RH #2 g-\RH #3 c-\RH #4 >2
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../9e/lily-3faa9015.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../9e/lily-3faa9015.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="polyphony-in-tablature.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Polyphony in tablature</h2>
<p>Polyphony is created the same way in a <code>TabStaff</code> as in a regular
staff.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">upper = \relative c' {
\time 12/8
\key e \minor
\voiceOne
r4. r8 e, fis g16 b g e e' b c b a g fis e
}
lower = \relative c {
\key e \minor
\voiceTwo
r16 e d c b a g4 fis8 e fis g a b c
}
\score {
<<
\new StaffGroup = "tab with traditional" <<
\new Staff = "guitar traditional" <<
\clef "treble_8"
\context Voice = "upper" \upper
\context Voice = "lower" \lower
>>
\new TabStaff = "guitar tab" <<
\context TabVoice = "upper" \upper
\context TabVoice = "lower" \lower
>>
>>
>>
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../72/lily-0b8cda0d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../72/lily-0b8cda0d.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<a name="stem-and-beam-behavior-in-tablature.ly"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Fretted-strings"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Unfretted strings > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<h2 class="unnumberedsec">Stem and beam behavior in tablature</h2>
<p>The direction of stems is controlled the same way in tablature as in
traditional notation. Beams can be made horizontal, as shown in this
example.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\new TabStaff {
\relative c {
g16 b d g b d g b
\stemDown
\override Beam #'damping = #+inf.0
g,,16 b d g b d g b
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../94/lily-1535fb62.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../94/lily-1535fb62.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
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<hr size="6">
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][Index][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next chapter"> Unfretted strings >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Fretted-strings" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Fretted strings </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Unfretted strings > </a>]</td></tr></table>
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<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.html#Top" title="Start of the manual">Snippets List</a></h4>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Pitches-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Pitches</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-ambitus-per-voice-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Adding ambitus per voice</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ambitus-with-multiple-voices-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Ambitus with multiple voices</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ambitus-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Ambitus</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Applying-note-head-styles-depending-on-the-step-of-the-scale" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Applying note head styles depending on the step of the scale</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Coloring-notes-depending-on-their-pitch-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Coloring notes depending on their pitch</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-a-sequence-of-notes-on-various-pitches" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Creating a sequence of notes on various pitches</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Dodecaphonic_002dstyle-accidentals-for-each-note-including-naturals" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Dodecaphonic-style accidentals for each note including naturals</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Generating-random-notes" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Generating random notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Makam-example-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Makam example</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Non_002dtraditional-key-signatures" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Non-traditional key signatures</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ottava-text-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Ottava text</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Preventing-extra-naturals-from-being-automatically-added" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Preventing extra naturals from being automatically added</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Preventing-natural-signs-from-being-printed-when-the-key-signature-changes" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Preventing natural signs from being printed when the key signature changes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Quoting-another-voice-with-transposition" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Quoting another voice with transposition</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Transposing-music-with-minimum-accidentals" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Transposing music with minimum accidentals</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Tweaking-clef-properties-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">Tweaking clef properties</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythms-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Rhythms</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-beams_002c-slurs_002c-ties-etc_002e-when-using-tuplet-and-non_002dtuplet-rythms_002e-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Adding beams, slurs, ties etc. when using tuplet and non-tuplet rythms.</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-drum-parts-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Adding drum parts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Automatic-beam-subdivisions" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Automatic beam subdivisions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Automatic-beams-two-per-two-in-4_002f4-or-2_002f2-time-signature" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Automatic beams two per two in 4/4 or 2/2 time signature</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Avoiding-collisions-with-chord-fingerings-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Avoiding collisions with chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Beam-endings-in-Score-context" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Beam endings in Score context</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Beam-grouping-in-7_002f8-time" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Beam grouping in 7/8 time</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Beams-across-line-breaks" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Beams across line breaks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-beam-knee-gap" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Changing beam knee gap</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-form-of-multi_002dmeasure-rests-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Changing form of multi-measure rests</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Changing text and spanner styles for text dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-time-signature-without-affecting-the-beaming" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Changing the time signature without affecting the beaming</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-tuplet-number" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Changing the tuplet number</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-time-signatures-inside-a-polymetric-section-using-_005cscaleDurations" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Changing time signatures inside a polymetric section using <code>\scaleDurations</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chant-or-psalms-notation-2" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Chant or psalms notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Compound-time-signatures" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Compound time signatures</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Conducting-signs_002c-measure-grouping-signs" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Conducting signs, measure grouping signs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-tuplet-bracket-visibility-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Controlling tuplet bracket visibility</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Engraving-ties-manually" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Engraving ties manually</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Entering-several-tuplets-using-only-one-_005ctimes-command" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Entering several tuplets using only one \times command</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Flat-flags-and-beam-nibs" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Flat flags and beam nibs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Forcing-rehearsal-marks-to-start-from-a-given-letter-or-number" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Forcing rehearsal marks to start from a given letter or number</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Grouping-beats" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Grouping beats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Guitar-strum-rhythms" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Guitar strum rhythms</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Heavily-customized-polymetric-time-signatures" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Heavily customized polymetric time signatures</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Making-an-object-invisible-with-the-transparent-property-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Making an object invisible with the transparent property</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Manually-controlling-beam-positions" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Manually controlling beam positions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Merging-multi_002dmeasure-rests-in-a-polyphonic-part" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Merging multi-measure rests in a polyphonic part</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-tuplet-bracket-length" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Modifying tuplet bracket length</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Multi_002dmeasure-rest-markup-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Multi-measure rest markup</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Permitting-line-breaks-within-beamed-tuplets" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Permitting line breaks within beamed tuplets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Positioning-multi_002dmeasure-rests" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Positioning multi-measure rests</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-metronome-and-rehearsal-marks-below-the-staff-2" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Printing metronome and rehearsal marks below the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-music-with-different-time-signatures" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Printing music with different time signatures</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rest-styles-2" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Rest styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Reverting-default-beam-endings" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Reverting default beam endings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythmic-slashes" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Rhythmic slashes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Skips-in-lyric-mode-_00282_0029" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Skips in lyric mode (2)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Skips-in-lyric-mode" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Skips in lyric mode</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Specifying-context-with-beatGrouping" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Specifying context with beatGrouping</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Stemlets" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Stemlets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Sub_002ddividing-beams" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Sub-dividing beams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Three_002dsided-box" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Three-sided box</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-beatLength-and-beatGrouping" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Using beatLength and beatGrouping</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-ties-with-arpeggios" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Using ties with arpeggios</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Expressive-marks-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Expressive marks</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-beams_002c-slurs_002c-ties-etc_002e-when-using-tuplet-and-non_002dtuplet-rythms_002e" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Adding beams, slurs, ties etc. when using tuplet and non-tuplet rythms.</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-parentheses-around-an-expressive-mark-or-chordal-note" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Adding parentheses around an expressive mark or chordal note</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adjusting-the-shape-of-falls-and-doits" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Adjusting the shape of falls and doits</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Breathing-signs" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Breathing signs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Broken-crescendo-hairpin" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Broken crescendo hairpin</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Caesura-_0028_0022railtracks_0022_0029-with-fermata-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Caesura ("railtracks") with fermata</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Center-text-below-hairpin-dynamics" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Center text below hairpin dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-_005cflageolet-mark-size-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Changing \flageolet mark size</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Changing text and spanner styles for text dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-appearance-of-a-slur-from-solid-to-dotted-or-dashed-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Changing the appearance of a slur from solid to dotted or dashed</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-breath-mark-symbol" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Changing the breath mark symbol</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Combining-dynamics-with-markup-texts" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Combining dynamics with markup texts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contemporary-glissando" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Contemporary glissando</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Controlling the vertical ordering of scripts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-a-delayed-turn-2" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating a delayed turn</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-arpeggios-across-notes-in-different-voices" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating arpeggios across notes in different voices</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-cross_002dstaff-arpeggios-in-a-piano-staff" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating cross-staff arpeggios in a piano staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-cross_002dstaff-arpeggios-in-other-contexts" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating cross-staff arpeggios in other contexts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-_0022real_0022-parenthesized-dynamics" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating "real" parenthesized dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-simultaneous-rehearsal-marks" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating simultaneous rehearsal marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-slurs-across-voices-2" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating slurs across voices</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-text-spanners-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Creating text spanners</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Double-glissando" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Double glissando</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Hiding-the-extender-line-for-text-dynamics" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Hiding the extender line for text dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontally-aligning-custom-dynamics-_0028e_002eg_002e-_0022sempre-pp_0022_002c-_0022piu-f_0022_002c-_0022subito-p_0022_0029" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Horizontally aligning custom dynamics (e.g. "sempre pp", "piu f", "subito p")</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Inserting-a-caesura" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Inserting a caesura</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Laissez-vibrer-ties-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Laissez vibrer ties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Line-arrows" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Line arrows</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-default-values-for-articulation-shorthand-notation" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Modifying default values for articulation shorthand notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-centered-dynamics-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Piano template with centered dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Positioning text markups inside slurs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-hairpins-using-al-niente-notation" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Printing hairpins using al niente notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-metronome-and-rehearsal-marks-below-the-staff" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Printing metronome and rehearsal marks below the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Setting-hairpin-behavior-at-bar-lines" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Setting hairpin behavior at bar lines</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Setting-the-minimum-length-of-hairpins" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Setting the minimum length of hairpins</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Snap_002dpizzicato-markup-_0028_0022Bartok-pizzicato_0022_0029" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Snap-pizzicato markup ("Bartok pizzicato")</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Using double slurs for legato chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertically-aligning-dynamics-across-multiple-notes" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Vertically aligning dynamics across multiple notes</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Repeats-1" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Repeats</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-volta-brackets-to-additional-staves" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Adding volta brackets to additional staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Isolated-percent-repeats" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Isolated percent repeats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Measure-counter-1" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Measure counter</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percent-repeat-count-visibility-1" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Percent repeat count visibility</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percent-repeat-counter" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Percent repeat counter</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Positioning-segno-and-coda-_0028with-line-break_0029" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Positioning segno and coda (with line break)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-a-repeat-sign-at-the-beginning-of-a-piece-1" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Printing a repeat sign at the beginning of a piece</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Shortening-volta-brackets" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Shortening volta brackets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Volta-under-chords-2" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Volta under chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Volta-multi_002dstaff-1" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Volta multi-staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Volta-text-markup-using-repeatCommands" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">Volta text markup using <code>repeatCommands</code></a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Simultaneous-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Simultaneous notes</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Additional-voices-to-avoid-collisions" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Additional voices to avoid collisions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-a-single-note_0027s-size-in-a-chord-2" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Changing a single note’s size in a chord</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-partcombine-texts" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Changing partcombine texts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Clusters" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Clusters</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Combining-two-parts-on-the-same-staff-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Combining two parts on the same staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Displaying-complex-chords-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Displaying complex chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Double-glissando-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Double glissando</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Forcing-horizontal-shift-of-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Forcing horizontal shift of notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Suppressing-warnings-for-clashing-note-columns" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">Suppressing warnings for clashing note columns</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Staff-notation-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Staff notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-ambitus-per-voice-2" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Adding ambitus per voice</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-an-extra-staff-at-a-line-break" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Adding an extra staff at a line break</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-an-extra-staff-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Adding an extra staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-number-of-lines-in-a-staff" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Changing the number of lines in a staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-staff-size-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Changing the staff size</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-tempo-without-a-metronome-mark" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Changing the tempo without a metronome mark</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-blank-staves-2" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Creating blank staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-metronome-marks-in-markup-mode" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Creating metronome marks in markup mode</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Display-bracket-with-only-one-staff-in-a-system-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Display bracket with only one staff in a system</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Incipit" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Incipit</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Inserting-score-fragments-above-a-staff_002c-as-markups" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Inserting score fragments above a staff, as markups</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Letter-tablature-formatting-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Letter tablature formatting</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Making some staff lines thicker than the others</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Measure-counter" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Measure counter</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Mensurstriche-layout-_0028bar-lines-between-the-staves_0029" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Mensurstriche layout (bar lines between the staves)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modern-TAB-text-clef-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Modern TAB text clef</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Nesting-staves-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Nesting staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Non_002dtraditional-key-signatures-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Non-traditional key signatures</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-metronome-and-rehearsal-marks-below-the-staff-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Printing metronome and rehearsal marks below the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Quoting-another-voice-with-transposition-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Quoting another voice with transposition</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Quoting-another-voice" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Quoting another voice</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Removing-the-first-empty-line-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Removing the first empty line</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Tick-bar-lines" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Tick bar lines</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Time-signature-in-parentheses" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Time signature in parentheses</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Tweaking-clef-properties-2" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Tweaking clef properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Use-square-bracket-at-the-start-of-a-staff-group" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Use square bracket at the start of a staff group</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Volta-under-chords-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Volta under chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Volta-multi_002dstaff" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Volta multi-staff</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Editorial-annotations-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Editorial annotations</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-fingerings-to-a-score-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Adding fingerings to a score</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff-2" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Allowing fingerings to be printed inside the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Analysis-brackets-above-the-staff-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Analysis brackets above the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Applying-note-head-styles-depending-on-the-step-of-the-scale-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Applying note head styles depending on the step of the scale</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Avoiding-collisions-with-chord-fingerings-2" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Avoiding collisions with chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Blanking-staff-lines-using-the-_005cwhiteout-command" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Blanking staff lines using the \whiteout command</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-a-single-note_0027s-size-in-a-chord-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Changing a single note’s size in a chord</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-appearance-of-a-slur-from-solid-to-dotted-or-dashed" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Changing the appearance of a slur from solid to dotted or dashed</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Coloring-notes-depending-on-their-pitch" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Coloring notes depending on their pitch</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings-3" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Controlling the placement of chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-a-delayed-turn-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Creating a delayed turn</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-blank-staves-3" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Creating blank staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Default-direction-of-stems-on-the-center-line-of-the-staff" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Default direction of stems on the center line of the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Embedding-native-PostScript-in-a-_005cmarkup-block" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Embedding native PostScript in a \markup block</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Grid-lines_003a-changing-their-appearance" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Grid lines: changing their appearance</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Grid-lines_003a-emphasizing-rhythms-and-notes-synchronization" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Grid lines: emphasizing rhythms and notes synchronization</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Making some staff lines thicker than the others</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Marking-notes-of-spoken-parts-with-a-cross-on-the-stem-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Marking notes of spoken parts with a cross on the stem</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Measure-counter-2" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Measure counter</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Positioning text markups inside slurs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-PostScript-to-generate-special-note-head-shapes-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Using PostScript to generate special note head shapes</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-1" href="Text.html#Text">Text</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adjusting-lyrics-vertical-spacing-2" href="Text.html#Text">Adjusting lyrics vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Aligning-and-centering-instrument-names-1" href="Text.html#Text">Aligning and centering instrument names</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Aligning-marks-with-various-notation-objects" href="Text.html#Text">Aligning marks with various notation objects</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Blanking-staff-lines-using-the-_005cwhiteout-command-1" href="Text.html#Text">Blanking staff lines using the \whiteout command</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Center-text-below-hairpin-dynamics-1" href="Text.html#Text">Center text below hairpin dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-default-text-font-family-1" href="Text.html#Text">Changing the default text font family</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Combining-dynamics-with-markup-texts-1" href="Text.html#Text">Combining dynamics with markup texts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Combining-two-parts-on-the-same-staff" href="Text.html#Text">Combining two parts on the same staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-_0022real_0022-parenthesized-dynamics-1" href="Text.html#Text">Creating "real" parenthesized dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-simultaneous-rehearsal-marks-1" href="Text.html#Text">Creating simultaneous rehearsal marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-text-spanners-2" href="Text.html#Text">Creating text spanners</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Demonstrating-all-headers-1" href="Text.html#Text">Demonstrating all headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Embedding-native-PostScript-in-a-_005cmarkup-block-1" href="Text.html#Text">Embedding native PostScript in a \markup block</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Formatting-lyrics-syllables-1" href="Text.html#Text">Formatting lyrics syllables</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-How-to-put-ties-between-syllables-in-lyrics" href="Text.html#Text">How to put ties between syllables in lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Lyrics-alignment-1" href="Text.html#Text">Lyrics alignment</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Markup-lines" href="Text.html#Text">Markup lines</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Multi_002dmeasure-rest-markup" href="Text.html#Text">Multi-measure rest markup</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ottava-text" href="Text.html#Text">Ottava text</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Outputting-the-version-number" href="Text.html#Text">Outputting the version number</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-centered-lyrics-1" href="Text.html#Text">Piano template with centered lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-marks-at-the-end-of-a-line-or-a-score" href="Text.html#Text">Printing marks at the end of a line or a score</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-marks-on-every-staff" href="Text.html#Text">Printing marks on every staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Stand_002dalone-two_002dcolumn-markup" href="Text.html#Text">Stand-alone two-column markup</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Three_002dsided-box-1" href="Text.html#Text">Three-sided box</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-UTF_002d8" href="Text.html#Text">UTF-8</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-with-lyrics-aligned-below-and-above-the-staves-1" href="Text.html#Text">Vocal ensemble template with lyrics aligned below and above the staves</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-music-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Vocal music</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-ambitus-per-voice" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Adding ambitus per voice</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adjusting-lyrics-vertical-spacing" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Adjusting lyrics vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ambitus-with-multiple-voices" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Ambitus with multiple voices</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ambitus" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Ambitus</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-stanza-fonts" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Changing stanza fonts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chant-or-psalms-notation-3" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Chant or psalms notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Formatting-lyrics-syllables" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Formatting lyrics syllables</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-How-to-put-ties-between-syllables-in-lyrics-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">How to put ties between syllables in lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Lyrics-alignment" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Lyrics alignment</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Marking-notes-of-spoken-parts-with-a-cross-on-the-stem" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Marking notes of spoken parts with a cross on the stem</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-melody-and-lyrics-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Piano template with melody and lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes_002c-lyrics_002c-and-chords-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, and chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes_002c-lyrics_002c-chords-and-frets" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, chords and frets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes-and-lyrics" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Single staff template with notes and lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Skips-in-lyric-mode-_00282_0029-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Skips in lyric mode (2)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Skips-in-lyric-mode-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Skips in lyric mode</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Vertically aligning ossias and lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertically-centered-common-lyrics" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Vertically centered common lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-with-automatic-piano-reduction-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Vocal ensemble template with automatic piano reduction</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-with-lyrics-aligned-below-and-above-the-staves-2" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Vocal ensemble template with lyrics aligned below and above the staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Vocal ensemble template</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Chords-1" href="Chords.html#Chords">Chords</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-a-figured-bass-above-or-below-the-notes-2" href="Chords.html#Chords">Adding a figured bass above or below the notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-bar-lines-to-ChordNames-context" href="Chords.html#Chords">Adding bar lines to ChordNames context</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Avoiding-collisions-with-chord-fingerings-3" href="Chords.html#Chords">Avoiding collisions with chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-chord-separator" href="Chords.html#Chords">Changing chord separator</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-chord-names-to-German-or-semi_002dGerman-notation" href="Chords.html#Chords">Changing the chord names to German or semi-German notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-positions-of-figured-bass-alterations" href="Chords.html#Chords">Changing the positions of figured bass alterations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chord-name-exceptions" href="Chords.html#Chords">Chord name exceptions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-chord-name-major7" href="Chords.html#Chords">chord name major7</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Clusters-1" href="Chords.html#Chords">Clusters</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings" href="Chords.html#Chords">Controlling the placement of chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Displaying-complex-chords" href="Chords.html#Chords">Displaying complex chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Manually-break-figured-bass-extenders-for-only-some-numbers" href="Chords.html#Chords">Manually break figured bass extenders for only some numbers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Showing-chords-at-changes" href="Chords.html#Chords">Showing chords at changes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Simple-lead-sheet" href="Chords.html#Chords">Simple lead sheet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes_002c-lyrics_002c-and-chords" href="Chords.html#Chords">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, and chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes_002c-lyrics_002c-chords-and-frets-2" href="Chords.html#Chords">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, chords and frets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes-and-chords-1" href="Chords.html#Chords">Single staff template with notes and chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Volta-under-chords" href="Chords.html#Chords">Volta under chords</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Keyboards-1" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Keyboards</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Accordion_002ddiscant-symbols" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Accordion-discant symbols</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Clusters-2" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Clusters</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings-2" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Controlling the placement of chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-slurs-across-voices" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Creating slurs across voices</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fine_002dtuning-pedal-brackets-1" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Fine-tuning pedal brackets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Indicating-cross_002dstaff-chords-with-arpeggio-bracket" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Indicating cross-staff chords with arpeggio bracket</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Jazz-combo-template-3" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Jazz combo template</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Laissez-vibrer-ties-2" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Laissez vibrer ties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-_0028simple_0029" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Piano template (simple)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-centered-dynamics-2" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Piano template with centered dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-centered-lyrics-2" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Piano template with centered lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-melody-and-lyrics-2" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Piano template with melody and lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-with-automatic-piano-reduction-2" href="Keyboards.html#Keyboards">Vocal ensemble template with automatic piano reduction</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-1" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">Percussion</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-drum-parts" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">Adding drum parts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Heavily-customized-polymetric-time-signatures-1" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">Heavily customized polymetric time signatures</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Jazz-combo-template-1" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">Jazz combo template</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-beaters" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">Percussion beaters</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-music-with-different-time-signatures-1" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">Printing music with different time signatures</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Fretted-strings-1" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Fretted strings</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Adding-fingerings-to-a-score" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Adding fingerings to a score</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Adding-fingerings-to-tablatures" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Adding fingerings to tablatures</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff-1" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Allowing fingerings to be printed inside the staff</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings-1" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Controlling the placement of chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Customizing-fretboard-fret-diagrams" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Customizing fretboard fret diagrams</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Customizing-markup-fret-diagrams-1" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Customizing markup fret diagrams</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Defining-predefined-fretboards-for-other-instruments" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Defining predefined fretboards for other instruments</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Faking-a-hammer-in-tablatures" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Faking a hammer in tablatures</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Fingerings_002c-string-indications_002c-and-right_002dhand-fingerings" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Fingerings, string indications, and right-hand fingerings</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Flamenco-notation" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Flamenco notation</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Fret-diagrams-explained-and-developed" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Fret diagrams explained and developed</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Guitar-strum-rhythms-1" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Guitar strum rhythms</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-How-to-change-fret-diagram-position-1" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">How to change fret diagram position</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Jazz-combo-template-2" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Jazz combo template</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Laissez-vibrer-ties" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Laissez vibrer ties</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Letter-tablature-formatting" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Letter tablature formatting</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Modern-TAB-text-clef" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Modern TAB text clef</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Placement-of-right_002dhand-fingerings" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Placement of right-hand fingerings</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Polyphony-in-tablature" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Polyphony in tablature</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Stem-and-beam-behavior-in-tablature" href="Fretted-strings.html#Fretted-strings">Stem and beam behavior in tablature</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Unfretted-strings-1" href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings">Unfretted strings</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Changing-_005cflageolet-mark-size" href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings">Changing \flageolet mark size</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-slurs-across-voices-1" href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings">Creating slurs across voices</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Dotted-harmonics-1" href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings">Dotted harmonics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Snap_002dpizzicato-markup-_0028_0022Bartok-pizzicato_0022_0029-1" href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings">Snap-pizzicato markup ("Bartok pizzicato")</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-String-quartet-template-_0028simple_0029" href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings">String quartet template (simple)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-String-quartet-template-with-separate-parts" href="Unfretted-strings.html#Unfretted-strings">String quartet template with separate parts</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Winds-1" href="Winds.html#Winds">Winds</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Flute-slap-notation" href="Winds.html#Winds">Flute slap notation</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Ancient notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-a-figured-bass-above-or-below-the-notes-1" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Adding a figured bass above or below the notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-fonts" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Ancient fonts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-template-_002d_002d-modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music-1" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Ancient notation template – modern transcription of gregorian music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-template-_002d_002d-modern-transcription-of-mensural-music" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Ancient notation template – modern transcription of mensural music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-time-signatures" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Ancient time signatures</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chant-or-psalms-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Chant or psalms notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Custodes" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Custodes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Incipit-1" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Incipit</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Mensurstriche-layout-_0028bar-lines-between-the-staves_0029-2" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Mensurstriche layout (bar lines between the staves)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rest-styles" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Rest styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Transcription-of-Ancient-music-with-incipit-1" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Transcription of Ancient music with incipit</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-World-music-1" href="World-music.html#World-music">World music</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Arabic-improvisation" href="World-music.html#World-music">Arabic improvisation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Makam-example" href="World-music.html#World-music">Makam example</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-and-engravers-1" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Contexts and engravers</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-a-figured-bass-above-or-below-the-notes" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Adding a figured bass above or below the notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-an-extra-staff-at-a-line-break-1" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Adding an extra staff at a line break</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-an-extra-staff" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Adding an extra staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-MIDI-output-to-one-channel-per-voice" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Changing MIDI output to one channel per voice</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-time-signatures-inside-a-polymetric-section-using-_005cscaleDurations-1" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Changing time signatures inside a polymetric section using <code>\scaleDurations</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chant-or-psalms-notation" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Chant or psalms notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-blank-staves-1" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Creating blank staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Engravers-one_002dby_002done" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Engravers one-by-one</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Mensurstriche-layout-_0028bar-lines-between-the-staves_0029-1" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Mensurstriche layout (bar lines between the staves)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Nesting-staves" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Nesting staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Use-square-bracket-at-the-start-of-a-staff-group-1" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Use square bracket at the start of a staff group</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-with-lyrics-aligned-below-and-above-the-staves-3" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">Vocal ensemble template with lyrics aligned below and above the staves</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Tweaks-and-overrides-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Tweaks and overrides</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Analysis-brackets-above-the-staff" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Analysis brackets above the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Avoiding-collisions-with-chord-fingerings" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Avoiding collisions with chord fingerings</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Caesura-_0028_0022railtracks_0022_0029-with-fermata" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Caesura ("railtracks") with fermata</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-a-single-note_0027s-size-in-a-chord" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Changing a single note’s size in a chord</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-form-of-multi_002dmeasure-rests" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Changing form of multi-measure rests</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-properties-for-individual-grobs" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Changing properties for individual grobs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics-2" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Changing text and spanner styles for text dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-default-text-font-family" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Changing the default text font family</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-staff-size-2" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Changing the staff size</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Controlling the vertical ordering of scripts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-tuplet-bracket-visibility" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Controlling tuplet bracket visibility</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-a-delayed-turn" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Creating a delayed turn</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-simultaneous-rehearsal-marks-2" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Creating simultaneous rehearsal marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-text-spanners" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Creating text spanners</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Custodes-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Custodes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Customizing-fretboard-fret-diagrams-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Customizing fretboard fret diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Customizing-markup-fret-diagrams" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Customizing markup fret diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Display-bracket-with-only-one-staff-in-a-system" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Display bracket with only one staff in a system</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Dotted-harmonics" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Dotted harmonics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Drawing-boxes-around-grobs" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Drawing boxes around grobs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Drawing-circles-around-various-objects" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Drawing circles around various objects</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fine_002dtuning-pedal-brackets" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Fine-tuning pedal brackets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Forcing-horizontal-shift-of-notes" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Forcing horizontal shift of notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fret-diagrams-explained-and-developed-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Fret diagrams explained and developed</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontally-aligning-custom-dynamics-_0028e_002eg_002e-_0022sempre-pp_0022_002c-_0022piu-f_0022_002c-_0022subito-p_0022_0029-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Horizontally aligning custom dynamics (e.g. "sempre pp", "piu f", "subito p")</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-How-to-change-fret-diagram-position" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">How to change fret diagram position</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Inserting-a-caesura-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Inserting a caesura</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Making-an-object-invisible-with-the-transparent-property" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Making an object invisible with the transparent property</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Manually-controlling-beam-positions-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Manually controlling beam positions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Mensurstriche-layout-_0028bar-lines-between-the-staves_0029-3" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Mensurstriche layout (bar lines between the staves)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Nesting-staves-2" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Nesting staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percent-repeat-count-visibility" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Percent repeat count visibility</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Positioning-multi_002dmeasure-rests-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Positioning multi-measure rests</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs-2" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Positioning text markups inside slurs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-a-repeat-sign-at-the-beginning-of-a-piece" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Printing a repeat sign at the beginning of a piece</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-metronome-and-rehearsal-marks-below-the-staff-3" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Printing metronome and rehearsal marks below the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Proportional-strict-notespacing-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Proportional strict notespacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Removing-the-first-empty-line" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Removing the first empty line</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rest-styles-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Rest styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythmic-slashes-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Rhythmic slashes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Suppressing-warnings-for-clashing-note-columns-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Suppressing warnings for clashing note columns</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Time-signature-in-parentheses-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Time signature in parentheses</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Transcription-of-Ancient-music-with-incipit" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Transcription of Ancient music with incipit</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Tweaking-clef-properties" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Tweaking clef properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-PostScript-to-generate-special-note-head-shapes" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Using PostScript to generate special note head shapes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-the-_005ctweak-command-to-tweak-individual-grobs" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Using the <code>\tweak</code> command to tweak individual grobs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertically-aligned-dynamics-and-textscripts-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Vertically aligned dynamics and textscripts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics-1" href="Tweaks-and-overrides.html#Tweaks-and-overrides">Vertically aligning ossias and lyrics</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Paper-and-layout-1" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Paper and layout</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Aligning-and-centering-instrument-names-2" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Aligning and centering instrument names</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Book-parts" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Book parts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-the-staff-size" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Changing the staff size</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Clip-systems" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Clip systems</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Creating-blank-staves" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Creating blank staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Demonstrating-all-headers" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Demonstrating all headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Table-of-contents" href="Paper-and-layout.html#Paper-and-layout">Table of contents</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Titles-1" href="Titles.html#Titles">Titles</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-the-current-date-to-a-score" href="Titles.html#Titles">Adding the current date to a score</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Aligning-and-centering-instrument-names" href="Titles.html#Titles">Aligning and centering instrument names</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Demonstrating-all-headers-2" href="Titles.html#Titles">Demonstrating all headers</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Spacing-1" href="Spacing.html#Spacing">Spacing</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adjusting-lyrics-vertical-spacing-1" href="Spacing.html#Spacing">Adjusting lyrics vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff" href="Spacing.html#Spacing">Allowing fingerings to be printed inside the staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Page-label" href="Spacing.html#Spacing">Page label</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Proportional-strict-notespacing" href="Spacing.html#Spacing">Proportional strict notespacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertically-aligned-dynamics-and-textscripts" href="Spacing.html#Spacing">Vertically aligned dynamics and textscripts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics-2" href="Spacing.html#Spacing">Vertically aligning ossias and lyrics</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-1" href="MIDI.html#MIDI">MIDI</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Changing-MIDI-output-to-one-channel-per-voice-1" href="MIDI.html#MIDI">Changing MIDI output to one channel per voice</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Demo-MidiInstruments" href="MIDI.html#MIDI">Demo MidiInstruments</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Templates-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">Templates</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-template-_002d_002d-modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music" href="Templates.html#Templates">Ancient notation template – modern transcription of gregorian music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-template-_002d_002d-modern-transcription-of-mensural-music-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">Ancient notation template – modern transcription of mensural music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Jazz-combo-template" href="Templates.html#Templates">Jazz combo template</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-_0028simple_0029-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">Piano template (simple)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-centered-dynamics" href="Templates.html#Templates">Piano template with centered dynamics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-centered-lyrics" href="Templates.html#Templates">Piano template with centered lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-template-with-melody-and-lyrics" href="Templates.html#Templates">Piano template with melody and lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Score-for-diatonic-accordion" href="Templates.html#Templates">Score for diatonic accordion</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes_002c-lyrics_002c-and-chords-2" href="Templates.html#Templates">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, and chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes_002c-lyrics_002c-chords-and-frets-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, chords and frets</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes-and-chords" href="Templates.html#Templates">Single staff template with notes and chords</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-notes-and-lyrics-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">Single staff template with notes and lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-template-with-only-notes" href="Templates.html#Templates">Single staff template with only notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-String-quartet-template-_0028simple_0029-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">String quartet template (simple)</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-String-quartet-template-with-separate-parts-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">String quartet template with separate parts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-with-automatic-piano-reduction" href="Templates.html#Templates">Vocal ensemble template with automatic piano reduction</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template-with-lyrics-aligned-below-and-above-the-staves" href="Templates.html#Templates">Vocal ensemble template with lyrics aligned below and above the staves</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensemble-template" href="Templates.html#Templates">Vocal ensemble template</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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i586
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media
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